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1 уменьшение нефтяного загрязнения
уменьшение нефтяного загрязнения
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
oil pollution abatement
There are various systems for the abatement of oil pollution at sea: the "Load-on-top" system involves passing the washing from tank cleaning operations and residue from discharge of the original ballast water to an empty cargo tank nominated as the "slop" tank. Fresh oil cargo is loaded on top of the final residue left after further discharges of water, the resulting mixture being acceptable to refineries despite some additional cost in removing the salt and water. Under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, all oil-carrying ships will be required to be capable of operating with this method of retention, or alternatively to discharge to reception facilities. Another method consists in spraying on the oil dispersives and/or blasting straw and sawdust, functioning as "blotting paper", onto water, beaches, rocks and docks. The Vikoma System for the containment of oil spills at sea, developed by British Petroleum, a seaboom of about 500 metres in length, is inflated and towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers. (Source: GILP)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > уменьшение нефтяного загрязнения
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2 боновое заграждение
боновое заграждение
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
oil boom
A floating device used to contain oil on a body of water. Once the boom has been inflated, it is towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers. (Source: EPAGLO / GILP)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > боновое заграждение
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3 влажность почвы
влажность почвы
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil moisture
1) Water stored in soils.
2) One of the most important elements involved in pedological processes and plant growth. There are three basic forms:
a) water adhering in thin films by molecular attraction to the surface of soil particles and not available for plants is termed hygroscopic water.
b) Water forming thicker films and occupying the smaller pore spaces is termed capillary water. Since it is held against the force of gravity it is permanently available for plant growth and it is this type of soil water which contains plant nutrients in solution.
c) Water in excess of hygroscopic and capillary water is termed gravitational water, which is of a transitory nature because it flows away under the influence of gravity. When the excess has drained away the amount of water retained in the soil is termed its field capacity, when some of its pore spaces are still free of water.
(Source: LANDY / DUNSTE)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > влажность почвы
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4 траектория
траектория
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]
траектория
Кривая, которую описывает точка при своем движении относительно выбранной системы координат. В экономико-математические исследования этот термин вошел из аппарата математической теории оптимальных процессов вместе с понятиями фазового пространства, фазовых координат. Развитие экономической системы рассматривается как ее движение в фазовом пространстве по некоторой Т. — фазовой Т., последовательности точек, образуемых портретами системы в последовательные моменты времени. При использовании динамических моделей экономики изучаются свойства различных Т. экономического развития. Среди них — устойчивость относительно погрешностей в начальных данных и относительно внешних воздействий; вероятностный характер (в прогнозе и даже в плане может идти речь не о точно определенной единственно целесообразной Т., а о некотором множестве возможных Т. будущего развития; примером могут служить известные из истории «вилки» показателей пятилетних планов); оптимальность и эффективность Т.: оптимальной называется Т., обеспечивающая на протяжении изучаемого периода лучшие результаты относительно заданного общего критерия качества системы, а эффективной — Т., которая оптимальна по некоторому подходящему частному критерию, так что эффективная Т. может не быть оптимальной, а оптимальная — всегда эффективна. Большое внимание привлекает изучение магистральных свойств траекторий (см. Магистраль).
[ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]EN
trajectory
The path described by an object moving in air or space under the influence of such forces as thrust, wind resistance, and gravity, especially the curved path of a projectile. (Source: CED)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > траектория
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5 седиментация (метод очистки)
седиментация (метод очистки)
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
sedimentation (industrial process)
The separation of an insoluble solid from a liquid in which it is suspended by settling under the influence of gravity or centrifugation. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > седиментация (метод очистки)
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6 климат
климат
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
climate
The average weather condition in a region of the world. Many aspects of the Earth's geography affect the climate. Equatorial, or low, latitudes are hotter than the polar latitudes because of the angle at which the rays of sunlight arrive at the Earth's surface. The difference in temperature at the equator and at the poles has an influence on the global circulation of huge masses of air. Cool air at the poles sinks and spreads along the surface of the Earth towards the equator. Cool air forces its way under the lower density warmer air in the lower regions, pushing the lighter air up and toward the poles, where it will cool and descend. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > климат
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7 глубоководная разработка полезных ископаемых
глубоководная разработка полезных ископаемых
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
deep sea mining
The most valuable of the marine mineral resources is petroleum. About 15% of the world's oil is produced offshore, and extraction capabilities are advancing. One of the largest environmental impacts of deep sea mining are discharged sediment plumes which disperse with ocean currents and thus may negatively influence the marine ecosystem. Coal deposits known as extensions of land deposits, are mined under the sea floor in Japan and England. (Source: PARCOR / ERIB)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > глубоководная разработка полезных ископаемых
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8 комплектное устройство заводского изготовления
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EN
factory-built assembly (of switchgear and controlgear)
FBA
an assembly built and assembled under the responsibility of the manufacturer and conforming to an established type or system, without deviations likely to influence the performance significantly from that of the typical assembly verified to be in accordance with the relevant standard
[IEV number 441-12-03 ]FR
ensemble (d'appareillage de connexion et de commande)
monté en usine
EMU
ensemble construit et monté sous la responsabilité du constructeur et conforme à un type ou à un système établi sans s'écarter d'une manière qui influencerait notablement les performances par rapport à celles de l'ensemble type qui a été vérifié conforme à la norme correspondante
[IEV number 441-12-03 ]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
Классификация
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > комплектное устройство заводского изготовления
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9 предпочтительный диапазон влияющей величины
- Vorzugsbereich einer Einflußgröße (für eine Fehlerstrom-Schutzeinrichtung)
предпочтительный диапазон влияющей величины
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[IEV number 442-05-38]EN
preferred range of an influencing quantity (for a residual current device)
the range of values of an influencing quantity which permits the residual current devices to operate, under specified conditions, the other influencing quantities having their reference values
[IEV number 442-05-38]FR
domaine préférentiel d'une grandeur d'influence (pour un dispositif de coupure différentiel)
domaine des valeurs d'une grandeur d'influence pour lequel, dans des conditions spécifiées, le dispositif de coupure différentiel fonctionne, les autres grandeurs d'influence ayant leur valeur de référence
[IEV number 442-05-38]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
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- preferred range of an influencing quantity (for a residual current device)
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- Vorzugsbereich einer Einflußgröße (für eine Fehlerstrom-Schutzeinrichtung)
FR
- domaine préférentiel d'une grandeur d'influence (pour un dispositif de coupure différentiel)
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > предпочтительный диапазон влияющей величины
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10 экологический фактор
экологический фактор
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
ecological factor
An environmental factor that, under some definite conditions, can exert appreciable influence on organisms or their communities, causing the increase or decrease in the number of organisms and/or changes in the communities. (Source: UNUN)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > экологический фактор
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