-
1 BE
Quenya uses forms of ná as the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns “in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another” (VT49:28). It may also denote a position, as in tanomë nauvan “I will be there” (VT49:19). PE17:68 mentions návë “being” as a “general infinitive” form; the gloss would suggest that návë may also be regarded as a gerund. Present tense ná “is” (Nam), pl. nar or nár ”are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 30), dual nát (VT49:30). Also attested with various pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë “I am”, nalyë or natyë “you (sg.) are” (polite and familiar, respectively), nás “it is”, násë “(s)he is”, nalmë “we are” (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps intended as aorist forms (nain “I am”, naityë/nailyë “you are”); VT49:30 however lists aorist forms with no intruding i (nanyë *“I am”, nalyë *”thou art”, ná “is”, nassë *”(s)he is”, nalmë *“we are”, nar “are”). Pa.t. nánë or né “was”, pl. náner/nér and dual nét “were” (VT49:6, 10, 27, 30). According to VT49:31, né “was” cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë “he was” is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen “I was”, anel “you were”, anes “(s)he/it was” (VT49:28). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19; alternative form uva only in VT49:30) Perfect anaië “has been” (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). The form na may be used as imperative (na airë "be holy", VT43:14, alcar...na Erun "glory...be to God", VT44:34); this imperative na is apparently incorporated in the word nai "be it that" (misleading translation "maybe" in LotR). This nai can be combined with a verb to express a hope that something will happen (Nam: nai hiruvalyë Valimar, “may you find Valimar”) or if the verb is in the present rather than the future tense, that it is already happening (VT49:39: nai Eru lye mánata “God bless you” or *”may God be blessing you”). According to PE17:58, imperative na is short for á na with the imperative particle included. – Ná "is" appears with a short vowel (na) in some sources, but writers should probably maintain the long vowel to avoid confusion with the imperative na (and with the wholly distinct preposition na "to"). The short form na- may however be usual before pronominal suffixes. By one interpretation, na with a short vowel represents the aorist (VT49:27). – The word ëa is variously translated "is", "exists", "it is", "let it be". It has a more absolute meaning than ná, with reference to existence rather than being a mere copula. It may also be used (with prepositional phrases) to denote a position: i ëa han ëa “[our Father] who is beyond [the universe of] Eä” (VT43:12-14), i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa “the One who is above all thrones” (UT:305). The pa.t. of this verb is engë, VT43:38, perfect engië or rarely éyë, future euva, VT49:29. – Fíriel's Song contains a word ye "is" (compare VT46:22), but its status in LotR-style Quenya is uncertain. – NOT BE, NOT DO: Also attested is the negative copula uin and umin "I do not, am not" (1st pers. aorist), pa.t. úmë. According to VT49:29, forms like ui “it is not”, uin(yë) “I am not”, uil(yë) *“you are not”, *uis *”(s)he is not” and uilmë *”we are not” are cited in a document dating from about 1968, though some of this was struck out. The monosyllable ú is used for “was not” in one text. The negation lá can be inflected for time “when verb is not expressed”. Tense-forms given: (aorist) lanyë “I do not, am not”; the other forms are cited without pronominal suffixes: present laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva, imperative ala, alá. MAY IT BE SO, see AMEN. –VT49:27-34, Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:34/An Introduction to Elvish:5, VT42:34,Silm:21/391, FS, UGU/UMU, VT49:13
См. также в других словарях:
there's no such thing as — there’s no such thing/person/as phrase used for saying that a particular type of thing person does not exist There’s no such thing as luck. I was six when I discovered that there was no such person as Santa Claus. Thesaurus: ways of emphasizing… … Useful english dictionary
there is no such thing — the situation you are talking about does not exist. There is no such thing as a completely truthful politician, he maintained … New idioms dictionary
there is no such thing as a free lunch — ► used for saying that you cannot get something for nothing: »We all like the idea of more time off work but there is no such thing as a free lunch. Main Entry: ↑lunch … Financial and business terms
there's no such thing as a free lunch — This idiom means that you don t get things for free, so if something appears to be free, there s a catch and you ll have to pay in some way … The small dictionary of idiomes
there's no such thing as a free lunch — ► used to say that nothing is free even if it appears to be, for example, if someone gives you something they probably want something back from you in return Main Entry: ↑free … Financial and business terms
there's no such thing as a free lunch — ► there s no such thing as a free lunch proverb it isn t possible to get something for nothing. Main Entry: ↑lunch … English terms dictionary
There's No Such Thing As A Jaggy Snake — Infobox Single Name = There s No Such Thing As A Jaggy Snake Caption = Artist = Biffy Clyro from Album = Infinity Land A side = B side = Hero Management Released = 31 May 2004 Format = Digital download Recorded = Monnow Valley Studios Monmouth,… … Wikipedia
There Is No Such Thing As A Free Lunch — TANSTAAFL ist eine Abkürzung für die Englische Redewendung „There Ain’t No Such Thing As A Free Lunch“, die durch den Science Fiction Autor Robert A. Heinlein in seinem Roman The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress von 1966 populär gemacht wurde. [1][2] Der … Deutsch Wikipedia
there’s no such thing as a free lunch — Originally a colloquial axiom in US economics, though now in general use. The proverb implies that you cannot get something for nothing. 1967 R. A. HEINLEIN Moon is Harsh Mistress xi. ‘Oh, “tanstaafl.” Means “There ain’t no such thing as a free… … Proverbs new dictionary
there is no such thing as bad weather, only the wrong clothes — 1980 Washington Post 15 Feb. D1 ‘There’s no such thing as bad weather, only bad clothes,’ said Peterson. ‘You want to wear the least you can, and still not get frost bitten.’ 1992 Daily Telegraph 23 Sept. 13 As someone once said, there is no such … Proverbs new dictionary
There's no such thing as a free lunch. — something that you say which means that if someone gives you something, they always expect you to give them something or to do something for them. He offered me a room in his house, but he seems to expect me to do all the housework. I should have … New idioms dictionary
