the+value+of+y+depends+on+x

(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:

• its insulation temperature rating;
• conductor electrical properties for current;
• frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
• ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
• ambient temperature.

Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:

• Wires
• Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
• Fuses
• Circuit breakers
• All or nearly all components used

Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

Синонимы

• длительно допустимый ток
• допустимый ток

EN

• ampacity (US)
• continuous current
• continuous current-carrying capacity
• current-carrying capacity

DE

• Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
• Strombelastbarkeit, f

FR

• courant admissible, m
• courant permanent admissible, m

падение или повышение напряжения при заданном режиме нагрузки
Разность между напряжением холостого хода обмотки и напряжением на ее выводах при заданных нагрузке и коэффициенте мощности при условии, что к другой (или к одной из других) обмотке(ок) подведено напряжение, равное:
- номинальному, если трансформатор включен на основное ответвление (в этом случае напряжение холостого хода рассматриваемой обмотки равно номинальному);
- напряжению другого ответвления, на которое включен трансформатор. Падение или повышение напряжения обычно выражают в процентах напряжения холостого хода рассматриваемой обмотки.
Примечание — В многообмоточном трансформаторе падение или повышение напряжения зависит от нагрузки и коэффициента мощности не только данной обмотки, но и других обмоток
(МЭС 421-07-03).
[ ГОСТ 30830-2002]

EN

voltage drop or rise for a specified load condition
voltage regulation for a specified load condition
the arithmetic difference between the no-load voltage of a winding and the voltage developed at the terminals of the same winding at a specified load and power factor, the voltage supplied to (one of) the other winding(s) being equal to:
- its rated value if the transformer is connected on the principal tapping (the no-load voltage of the former winding is then equal to its rated value);
- the tapping voltage if the transformer is connected on another tapping.
This difference is generally expressed as a percentage of the no-load voltage of the former winding
NOTE – For multi-winding transformers, the voltage drop or rise depends not only on the load and power factor of the winding itself, but also on the load and power factor of the other windings
[IEV number 421-07-03]

FR

hute ou augmentation de tension pour une condition de charge spécifiée
différence arithmétique entre la tension à vide d'un enroulement et la tension en charge aux bornes du même enroulement pour un courant de charge et un facteur de puissance spécifiés, la tension appliquée à l'autre (ou à l'un des autres) enroulement(s) étant égale:
- à sa valeur assignée, si le transformateur est connecté sur la prise principale (la tension à vide du premier enroulement étant alors égale à sa valeur assignée);
- à la tension de prise si le transformateur est connecté sur une autre prise.
Cette différence s'exprime généralement sous la forme d'un pourcentage de la tension à vide du premier enroulement
NOTE – Pour les transformateurs à plus de deux enroulements, la chute ou l'augmentation de tension dépend non seulement de la charge et du facteur de puissance de l'enroulement lui-même, mais aussi de la charge et du facteur de puissance des autres enroulements.
[IEV number 421-07-03]

Тематики

• трансформатор

Классификация

EN

• voltage drop or rise for a specified load condition
• voltage regulation for a specified load condition

DE

• Spannungsänderung bei einer bestimmten Belastung

FR

• hute ou augmentation de tension pour une condition de charge spécifiée

добротность
1. Количественная характеристика потерь колебательной системы при резонансе, равная

где Wк - полный запас энергии колебаний при резонансе;
Wп - потери энергии за период
[ Физический энциклопедический словарь]
2. Количественная мера потерь колебательной системы. Показывает, во сколько раз амплитуда вынужденных колебаний при резонансе превышает амплитуду на частоте, много меньшей резонансной при одинаковой внешней силе
3. Отношение резонансной частоты спектра колебаний к его ширине на уровне 0,707 от максимального значения амплитуды спектра
Примечание
Определения 2 и 3 являются достаточно точными для систем с высокой добротностью (Q >(5-10)), определение 1 пригодно во всех случаях
[Система неразрушающего контроля. Виды (методы) и технология неразрушающего контроля. Термины и определения (справочное пособие). Москва 2003 г.]

добротность (1)
коэффициент добротности (1)
-
[IEV number 151-15-45]

добротность (2)
коэффициент добротности (2)
-
[IEV number 151-15-46]

EN

quality factor (1)
Q factor (1)
for a capacitor or inductor under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the reactive power to the active power
NOTE 1 – The quality factor is a measure of the losses, usually unwanted, in a capacitor or an inductor.
NOTE 2 – The quality factor depends generally on frequency and voltage.
[IEV number 151-15-45]

quality factor (2)
Q factor (2)
for a resonant circuit at the resonance frequency, 2π times the ratio of the maximum stored energy to the energy dissipated during one period
NOTE – The quality factor is a measure of sharpness of the resonance.
Source: 801-24-12 MOD
[IEV number 151-15-46]

FR

facteur de qualité (1), m
facteur de surtension (1), m
pour un condensateur ou une bobine d'inductance en régime périodique, rapport de la valeur absolue de la puissance réactive à la puissance active
NOTE 1 – Le facteur de qualité caractérise les pertes, généralement non désirées, dans un condensateur ou une bobine d'inductance.
NOTE 2 – Le facteur de qualité dépend généralement de la fréquence et de la tension.
[IEV number 151-15-45]

facteur de qualité (2), m
facteur de surtension (2), m
pour un circuit résonant fonctionnant à la fréquence de résonance, 2π fois le rapport de l'énergie maximale emmagasinée dans le circuit à l'énergie dissipée pendant une période
NOTE – Le facteur de qualité caractérise l'acuité de la résonance.
Source: 801-24-12 MOD
[IEV number 151-15-46]

Синонимы

• коэффициент добротности

EN

• figure of merit
• Q factor
• QF
• quality factor

DE

• Gütefaktor (eines Kondensators oder eines Induktors)
• Gütefaktor (eines Resonanzkreises)

FR

• facteur de qualité
• facteur de surtension