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21 legal
1) законна дія2) законний, легальний; заснований на законі; заснований на загальному праві, який регулюється загальним правом; легітимний; правовий; правознавчий; правомірний; правосудний; судовий; узаконений; юридичний•legal and administrative machinery for family support — правові і адміністративні заходи підтримки сім'ї
legal gap in protection afforded — прогалина у правовому захисті, що надається
- legal abortionlegal power to correct legal errors — надане законом право виправляти юридичні ( або судові) помилки
- legal abuse
- legal access
- legal accountability
- legal acquisition
- legal act
- legal action
- legal activities
- legal activities activity
- legal acts
- legal address
- legal administration
- legal advertisement
- legal advice
- legal advice bureau
- legal advice center
- legal advice centre
- legal advice office
- legal adviser
- legal advisor
- legal age
- legal agency
- legal agent
- legal aid
- legal aid agency
- legal aid bureau
- legal aid office
- legal aid order
- legal alien
- legal analogy
- legal analysis
- legal approach
- legal area
- legal argument
- legal arrest
- legal aspect
- legal assets
- legal assignment
- legal assistance
- legal assistant
- legal assumption
- legal author
- legal autonomy
- legal awareness
- legal bar
- legal barrier
- legal basis
- legal bill
- legal body
- legal bond
- legal boundary
- legal burden
- legal business
- legal cadres
- legal calendar
- legal capacity
- legal capital
- legal career
- legal case
- legal category
- legal cause
- legal certainty
- legal challenge
- legal changes
- legal charge
- legal check
- legal cheque
- legal circumstance
- legal citation
- legal claim
- legal closing time
- legal code
- legal coercion
- legal committee
- legal competence
- legal complexity
- legal concept
- legal condition
- legal confinement
- legal conflict
- legal conscience
- legal consequence
- legal consequences
- legal consideration
- legal construction
- legal consultation
- legal context
- legal continuity
- legal control
- legal controversy
- legal conviction
- legal-correctional process
- legal costs
- legal councilor
- legal councillor
- legal counsel
- legal counseling
- legal counselor
- legal counsellor
- legal crackdown
- legal crime
- legal culture
- legal currency
- legal custody
- legal custom
- legal decision
- legal deduction
- legal defect
- legal defence
- legal defense
- legal deficiency
- legal definition
- legal delinquency
- legal delivery
- legal demand
- legal deontology
- legal department
- legal dependence
- legal deposit copy
- legal deposit library
- legal descent
- legal details
- legal detention
- legal device
- legal difference
- legal disability
- legal disadvantage
- legal discretion
- legal discrimination
- legal dispute
- legal doctrine
- legal document
- legal documentation
- legal drinking
- legal drinking age
- legal drinking limit
- legal drug
- legal duty
- legal duty
- legal eagle
- legal eavesdropping
- legal education
- legal effect
- legal effectiveness
- legal efficacy
- legal enforcement
- legal enforcement of law
- legal enforcement procedure
- legal entity under public law
- legal entity
- legal environment
- legal equality
- legal equality of the sexes
- legal error
- legal essence
- legal estate
- legal ethics
- legal evaluation
- legal evidence
- legal excuse
- legal execution
- legal executive
- legal exemption
- legal expenses
- legal expenses insurance
- legal experience
- legal expert
- legal expertise
- legal explanation
- legal exposition
- legal fact
- legal father
- legal fees
- legal fetishism
- legal fiction
- legal field
- legal fight
- legal force
- legal form
- legal formality
- legal formula
- legal formulation
- legal foundation
- legal foundations
- legal frame
- legal framework
- legal framing
- legal fraud
- legal function
- legal gambler
- legal gambling
- legal gap
- legal glossator
- legal government
- legal ground
- legal groundwork
- legal guarantee
- legal guarantees
- legal guardian
- legal guilt
- legal hearing
- legal historian
- legal history
- legal holder
- legal holiday
- legal home
- legal humanism
- legal hypothesis
- legal identity
- legal immigration
- legal immunity
- legal implementation
- legal implication
- legal implications
- legal impossibility
- legal incapacity
- legal incident
- legal income
- legal incompetence
- legal information
- legal injury
- legal innovation
- legal innovation
- legal innovations
- legal insanity
- legal institution
- legal instruction
- legal instrument
- legal intent
- legal interest
- legal interest rate
- legal interpretation
- legal investigation
- legal investigator
- legal irregularity
- legal issue
- legal journal
- legal judge
- legal judgement
- legal judgment
- legal jurisdiction
- legal justice
- legal justification
- legal killer
- legal killing
- legal knowledge
- legal language
- legal liability
- legal lien
- legal limit
- legal limitation
- legal literature
- legal loophole
- legal lynching
- legal malice
- legal malpractice
- legal manufacture
- legal marriage
- legal matter
- legal maxim
- legal means
- legal means of social control
- legal measure
- legal mechanism
- legal medicine
- legal methodology
- legal minimum age of marriage
- legal minimum wage rate
- legal minimum wage rates
- legal minor
- legal monopoly
- legal monument
- legal mortgage
- legal mother
- legal name
- legal nationality
- legal negligence
- legal nihilism
- legal nomenclature
- legal norm
- legal notice
- legal notification
- legal notion
- legal object
- legal objection
- legal objective
- legal obligation
- legal observation method
- legal observer
- legal obstruction
- legal office
- legal office
- legal officer
- legal official
- legal operation
- legal opinion
- legal order
- legal organization
- legal owner
- legal parlance
- legal papers
- legal participation
- legal perjury
- legal permissibility
- legal permission
- legal person
- legal personality
- legal phenomenon
- legal philosopher
- legal philosophy
- legal picketing
- legal platform
- legal play
- legal point
- legal point of view
- legal policy
- legal portion
- legal position
- legal positivism
- legal positivist
- legal possession
- legal power
- legal practice
- legal practitician
- legal practitioner
- legal precept
- legal predecessor
- legal prerequisite
- legal presumption
- legal presumption of death
- legal principle
- legal privilege
- legal problem
- legal procedure
- legal procedure publicity
- legal procedures
- legal proceeding
- legal proceedings
- legal process
- legal profession
- legal profession member
- legal professional
- legal professional privilege
- legal prohibition
- legal proposition
- legal propriety
- legal prosecution
- legal protectee
- legal protection
- legal protection of software
- legal provision
- legal psychiatry
- legal purism
- legal purist
- legal qualification
- legal question
- legal rationale
- legal realism
- legal reality
- legal reasoning
- legal recognition
- legal recourse
- legal redress
- legal reference
- legal reform
- legal reformer
- legal regime
- legal regulation
- legal rehabilitation
- legal rehabilitation
- legal relations
- legal relationship
- legal relationships
- legal relative
- legal relativism
- legal relevance
- legal relief
- legal remedy
- legal representation
- legal representative
- legal reputation
- legal requirement
- legal reservation
- legal reserve
- legal residence
- legal resolution
- legal restraint
- legal restriction
- legal right-enforcing
- legal right
- legal rights
- legal risk
- legal rule
- legal safeguard
- legal safety
- legal sanction
- legal scholar
- legal science
- legal scientist
- legal search
- legal secretary
- legal security
- legal self-help
- legal sense
- legal sentence
- legal sentencing
- legal separation
- legal service
- legal services
- legal significance
- legal source
- legal specialist
- legal speech
- legal sphere
- legal spokesman
- legal spouse
- legal staff
- legal standard
- legal state
- legal statement
- legal statistics
- legal status
- legal status of a person
- legal step
- legal storage period
- legal strike
- legal structure
- legal studies
- legal subbranch
- legal sub-branch
- legal subject
- legal subjectivity
- legal submission
- legal subrogation
- legal succession
- legal successor
- legal suit
- legal system
- legal tapping
- legal technicality
- legal technician
- legal technique
- legal techniques
- legal tender
- legal tender note
- legal term
- legal termination
- legal termination of marriage
- legal territory
- legal test
- legal text
- legal theorist
- legal theory
- legal thinker
- legal thinking
- legal thought
- legal title
- legal tool
- legal topic
- legal tradition
- legal training
- legal transaction
- legal treasury note
- legal treatise
- legal treatment
- legal trial
- legal ubiquity
- legal uncertainty
- legal unit
- legal usage
- legal vacuum
- legal validity
- legal venue
- legal view
- legal viewpoint
- legal violence
- legal volition
- legal voter
- legal waiver
- legal wife
- legal wiretap
- legal wiretapping
- legal wording
- legal work
- legal writer
- legal writing
- legal wrong
- legal year -
22 rough
{rʌf}
I. 1. груб, грапав, неравен (за повърхност), остър (за плат и пр.), загрубял (за ръце и пр.), рошав, несресан, рунтав, див (за местност)
2. груб, неизгладен (и прен.), необработен, неизлъскан, нешлифован
in the ROUGH state необработен, необязден (за кон)
ROUGH grazing паша на естествено пасище
ROUGH work груба работа
3. приблизителен, груб (за изчисление и пр.)
at a ROUGH guess приблизително
ROUGH justice почти справедливо отношение
4. развълнуван, бурен (за море)
5. буен, бурен (за вятър, време)
ROUGH passage лошо пътуване по море, пътуване в бурно море, прен. тежко преживяване
6. буен, разбунтуван (за дете, тълпа)
7. груб (за обноски, език и пр.), невнимателен, невъзпитан, просташки, грубиянски, брутален, жесток
to give someone (a lick with) the ROUGH side/edge of one's tongue наругавам/нарязвам някого
ROUGH customer грубиян
ROUGH usage грубо отношение, грубост
ROUGH work/sl. stuff насилие
cn. грубо нарушение
to call someone ROUGH names ругая някого
ROUGH elements хулигани, грубияни
ROUGH quarters of a town квартали, където вилнеят хулигани, престъпници и пр.
ROUGH handling грубо отнасяне
8. груб, остър, дрезгав, дразнещ
9. лош, суров, тежък, труден (за живот и пр.)
to have a ROUGH time (of it) живея зле, търпя лишения, тегля, изтеглям (си), изпащам (си)
to give someone a ROUGH time измъчвам/тормозя някого
it is ROUGH (luck) on him не му е леко, жалко за него
10. стипчив, тръпчив
11. фон. аспириран, с придихание
II. 1. неравност (на терен), грапава страна на нещо
2. голф неравна част на игрище
3. the ROUGH незавършен вид
in the ROUGH в незавършен вид, приблизително, горе-долу
4. неприятна страна, трудност
to take the ROUGH with the smooth приемам нещата както ca, понасям спокойно превратностите на съдбата
5. хулиган, грубиян, бандит
6. шип (на подкова на кон)
III. 1. правя неравен, правя грапавини/шипове, слагам/правя шипове на подковата на кон
2. нахвърлям в общи черти (и с in, out)
3. започвам обработката на (диамант и пр.)
4. to ROUGH up разрошвам (коса и пр.)
sl. бия, набивам, малтретирам
5. to ROUGH it понасям несгоди/лишения/неудобства, живея при лоши/сурови условия
to ROUGH someone up the wrong way раздразням някого
IV. 1. грубо, сурово, жестоко
2. тежко, с лишения
to sleep ROUGH спя на открито/където намеря* * *{r^f} а 1. груб; грапав, неравен (за повьрхност); остър (за пла(2) {r^f} n 1. неравност (на терен); грапава страна на нещо; 2.{3} {r^f} v 1. правя неравен; правя грапавини/шипове; слагам/пр{4} {r^f} adv 1. грубо, сурово, жестоко; 2. тежко, с лишения; t* * *сурово; схематичен; стипчив; тръпчив; рошав; приблизителен; брутален; развълнуван; просташки; груб; грубо; грубиянски; дрезгав; загрубял; невнимателен; невъзпитан; неизлъскан; необработен; неравен; незавършеност; неполиран; нешлифован;* * *1. 1 фон. аспириран, с придихание 2. at a rough guess приблизително 3. cn. грубо нарушение 4. i. груб, грапав, неравен (за повърхност), остър (за плат и пр.), загрубял (за ръце и пр.), рошав, несресан, рунтав, див (за местност) 5. ii. неравност (на терен), грапава страна на нещо 6. iii. правя неравен, правя грапавини/шипове, слагам/правя шипове на подковата на кон 7. in the rough state необработен, необязден (за кон) 8. in the rough в незавършен вид, приблизително, горе-долу 9. it is rough (luck) on him не му е леко, жалко за него 10. iv. грубо, сурово, жестоко 11. rough customer грубиян 12. rough elements хулигани, грубияни 13. rough grazing паша на естествено пасище 14. rough handling грубо отнасяне 15. rough justice почти справедливо отношение 16. rough passage лошо пътуване по море, пътуване в бурно море, прен. тежко преживяване 17. rough quarters of a town квартали, където вилнеят хулигани, престъпници и пр 18. rough usage грубо отношение, грубост 19. rough work груба работа 20. rough work/sl. stuff насилие 21. sl. бия, набивам, малтретирам 22. the rough незавършен вид 23. to call someone rough names ругая някого 24. to give someone (a lick with) the rough side/edge of one's tongue наругавам/нарязвам някого 25. to give someone a rough time измъчвам/тормозя някого 26. to have a rough time (of it) живея зле, търпя лишения, тегля, изтеглям (си), изпащам (си) 27. to rough it понасям несгоди/лишения/неудобства, живея при лоши/сурови условия 28. to rough someone up the wrong way раздразням някого 29. to rough up разрошвам (коса и пр.) 30. to sleep rough спя на открито/където намеря 31. to take the rough with the smooth приемам нещата както ca, понасям спокойно превратностите на съдбата 32. буен, бурен (за вятър, време) 33. буен, разбунтуван (за дете, тълпа) 34. голф неравна част на игрище 35. груб (за обноски, език и пр.), невнимателен, невъзпитан, просташки, грубиянски, брутален, жесток 36. груб, неизгладен (и прен.), необработен, неизлъскан, нешлифован 37. груб, остър, дрезгав, дразнещ 38. започвам обработката на (диамант и пр.) 39. лош, суров, тежък, труден (за живот и пр.) 40. нахвърлям в общи черти (и с in, out) 41. неприятна страна, трудност 42. приблизителен, груб (за изчисление и пр.) 43. развълнуван, бурен (за море) 44. стипчив, тръпчив 45. тежко, с лишения 46. хулиган, грубиян, бандит 47. шип (на подкова на кон)* * *rough[rʌf] I. adj 1. груб; грапав, неравен (за повърхност); остър, космат (за плат и пр.); загрубял (за ръце и пр.); рошав, несресан, рунтав (за коса); \rough road ( country) неравен (каменист) път (местност); a horse with a \rough pace кон, който много друса; \rough rice ориз с люспите; 2. груб, неизгладен (и прен.); нешлифован, неполиран; необработен; приблизителен (за изчисления и пр.); at a \rough guess приблизително; in the \rough state необработен; \rough justice не съвсем безпристрастно правосъдие; \rough copy чернова; \rough coat хастар, първа мазилка; \rough draft скица, проект; \rough diamond нешлифован диамант; прен. грубоват, но ценен човек; 3. развълнуван, бурен (за море); буен, бурен (за вятър, време); a \rough passage трудно пътуване по море, пътуване при лошо (развълнувано) море; 4. груб (за обноски, език и пр.); невнимателен; невъзпитан, просташки, грубиянски, брутален; \rough work прен. насилие; \rough customer грубиян; \rough usage грубо отношение, груби обноски, грубост; to call s.o. \rough names ругая някого; \rough staff sl грубо, просташко, скандално поведение; the \rough side of o.' s tongue упреци, критика; лоши думи; 5. груб, остър, дрезгав, дразнещ; 6. лош, суров, тежък (за живот и пр.); to have a \rough time ( of it) тегля, патя, изтеглям (си), изпащам (си); живея зле, търпя лишения; \rough luck лош късмет; 7. стипчив, тръпчив; 8. разг. нездрав, зле; II. n 1. неравност (за терен); незавършеност, незавършен вид; грапава страна на нещо; a score in the \rough недовършена партитура; in the \rough it will cost приблизително ще струва; 2. неприятна страна на нещо; to take the \rough with the smooth приемам нещата, каквито са; понасям спокойно (хладнокръвно) превратностите на съдбата; 3. неравна част на игрище (за голф); 4. хулиган, грубиян; бандит; 5. шип на конска подкова; III. v 1. правя неравен; правя грапавини (шипове); 2. започвам обработката (шлифоването) на (диамант и пр.); 3. нахвърлям в общи линии, скицирам (с in, out); 4.: to \rough it понасям несгоди (лишения, неудобства), живея при сурови (лоши) условия (с неудобства); 5. ам. отнасям се грубо с, нападам (обикн. при футболна игра) (често с up); 6. разрошвам ( коса); to \rough s.o. up the wrong way раздразвам някого; 7. поставям (правя) шипове на подковите на кон; IV. adv 1. грубо; 2. сурово, тежко, трудно, с лишения; to sleep \rough спя на открито; нямам покрив над главата си. -
23 issue ***** is·sue
['ɪʃjuː]1. n1) (matter, question) questione f, problema mthe (real/main) issue is whether... — la questione (reale/fondamentale) è quella di sapere se...
to confuse or obscure the issue — confondere le acque
the point/matter at issue — il punto in discussione
I must take issue with you over your last remark — mi dispiace, ma non sono affatto d'accordo sulla tua ultima osservazione
2) (fam: problem) problema3) (of stamps, banknotes, shares) emissione f, (of passports, driving licences) rilascio, (of rations) distribuzione f4) (copy: of newspaper, magazine etc) numero5) (frm: outcome) risultato, esito6) (Law: offspring) prole g, discendenti mpl2. vt(book) pubblicare, (stamps, cheques, banknotes, shares) emettere, (passports, documents) rilasciare, (rations, goods, equipment) distribuire, (tickets for performance) mettere in vendita, (orders) dare, impartire, (statement) rilasciare, diramare, (warrant, writ, summons) spiccare, emettereto issue sth to sb or to issue sb with sth — consegnare qc a qn
the police issued a warning to people to remain indoors — la polizia ha raccomandato alla popolazione di rimanere in casa
3. vito issue (from) — uscire (da), venir fuori (da)
-
24 backup
['bækʌp] 1. adjstaff, services pomocniczy; ( COMPUT) zapasowy2. n(people, machines) zaplecze nt; (also: backup file) zbiór m zapasowy or rezerwowy, kopia f zapasowa zbioru* * *1) (additional people who provide help when it is needed: The police officer requested some backup when the shooting began.) posiłki2) (a copy of a computer file that can be used in case the original is destroyed.) kopia bezpieczeństwa3) (( also adjective) a piece of equipment, a system etc that can be used when there is a problem with the original one: a backup plan; We have a backup generator in case the power fails.) zapasowy -
25 back
back [bæk]vers l'arrière ⇒ 1 (a) re + verbe ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (c) de derrière ⇒ 2 (a) arrière ⇒ 2 (a), 3 (g) dos ⇒ 3 (a)-(c), 3 (e), 3 (f) fond ⇒ 3 (d) reculer ⇒ 4 (a), 5 (a) financer ⇒ 4 (b) parier sur ⇒ 4 (c)1 adverb(a) (towards the rear) vers l'arrière, en arrière;∎ he stepped back il a reculé d'un pas, il a fait un pas en arrière;∎ I pushed back my chair j'ai reculé ma chaise;∎ she tied her hair back elle a attaché ses cheveux;∎ he glanced back il a regardé derrière lui;∎ house set or standing back from the road maison écartée du chemin ou en retrait∎ to come back revenir;∎ to go back (return) retourner;∎ to go or turn back (retrace footsteps) rebrousser chemin;∎ we went back home nous sommes rentrés (à la maison);∎ my headache's back j'ai de nouveau mal à la tête, mon mal de tête a recommencé;∎ they'll be back on Monday ils rentrent ou ils seront de retour lundi;∎ I'll be right back je reviens tout de suite;∎ I'll be back (threat) vous me reverrez;∎ we expect him back tomorrow il doit rentrer demain;∎ as soon as you get back dès votre retour;∎ is he back at work? a-t-il repris le travail?;∎ he's just back from Moscow il arrive ou rentre de Moscou;∎ we went to town and back nous avons fait un saut en ville;∎ he went to his aunt's and back il a fait l'aller et retour chez sa tante;∎ the trip to Madrid and back takes three hours il faut trois heures pour aller à Madrid et revenir;∎ meanwhile, back in Washington entre-temps, à Washington;∎ back home, there's no school on Saturdays chez moi ou nous, il n'y a pas d'école le samedi;∎ Commerce the back-to-school sales les soldes fpl de la rentrée∎ she wants her children back elle veut qu'on lui rende ses enfants;∎ he went back to sleep il s'est rendormi;∎ business soon got back to normal les affaires ont vite repris leur cours normal;∎ miniskirts are coming back (in fashion) les minijupes reviennent à la mode∎ six pages back six pages plus haut;∎ back in the 17th century au 17ème siècle;∎ as far back as I can remember d'aussi loin que je m'en souvienne;∎ back in November déjà au mois de novembre;∎ familiar ten years back il y a dix ans□(e) (in reply, in return)∎ you should ask for your money back vous devriez demander un remboursement ou qu'on vous rembourse;∎ I hit him back je lui ai rendu son coup;∎ if you kick me I'll kick you back si tu me donnes un coup de pied, je te le rendrai;∎ she smiled back at him elle lui a répondu par un sourire;∎ to write back répondre (par écrit);∎ to get one's own back (on sb) prendre sa revanche (sur qn);∎ that's her way of getting back at you c'est sa façon de prendre sa revanche sur toi(a) (rear → door, garden) de derrière; (→ wheel) arrière (inv); (→ seat) arrière (inv), de derrière;∎ the back legs of a horse les pattes fpl arrière d'un cheval;∎ back entrance entrée f située à l'arrière;∎ the back room is the quietest la pièce qui donne sur l'arrière est la plus calme;∎ the back page of the newspaper la dernière page du journal;∎ to put sth on the back burner remettre qch à plus tard(b) (quiet → lane, road) écarté, isolé3 noun(a) (part of body) dos m;∎ back pain mal m de dos;∎ to have a back problem avoir des problèmes de dos;∎ she carried her baby on her back elle portait son bébé sur son dos;∎ I fell flat on my back je suis tombé à la renverse ou sur le dos;∎ we lay on our backs nous étions allongés sur le dos;∎ my back aches j'ai mal au dos;∎ the cat arched its back le chat a fait le gros dos;∎ I only saw them from the back je ne les ai vus que de dos;∎ she sat with her back to the window elle était assise le dos tourné à la fenêtre;∎ sitting with one's back to the light assis à contre-jour;∎ he was sitting with his back to the wall il était assis, dos au mur;∎ figurative to have one's back to the wall être au pied du mur;∎ to turn one's back on sb tourner le dos à qn; figurative abandonner qn;∎ when my back was turned quand j'avais le dos tourné;∎ you had your back to me tu me tournais le dos;∎ they have the police at their backs (in support) ils ont la police avec eux; (in pursuit) ils ont la police à leurs trousses;∎ with an army at his back (supporting him) soutenu par une armée;∎ to do sth behind sb's back faire qch dans le dos de qn;∎ he laughs at you behind your back il se moque de vous quand vous avez le dos tourné ou dans votre dos;∎ to talk about sb behind their back dire du mal de qn dans son dos;∎ the decision was taken behind my back la décision a été prise derrière mon dos;∎ he went behind my back to the boss il est allé voir le patron derrière mon dos ou à mon insu;∎ to be flat on one's back (bedridden) être alité ou cloué au lit;∎ familiar get off my back! fiche-moi la paix!;∎ mind your backs! attention, s'il vous plaît!;∎ the rich live off the backs of the poor les riches vivent sur le dos des pauvres;∎ to put sb's back up énerver qn;∎ to put one's back into sth mettre toute son énergie dans qch;∎ familiar that's it, put your back into it! allez, un peu de nerf!;∎ to put one's back out se faire mal au dos;∎ I'll be glad to see the back of her je serai content de la voir partir ou d'être débarrassé d'elle(b) (part opposite the front → gen) dos m, derrière m; (→ of coat, shirt, door) dos m; (→ of vehicle, building, head) arrière m; (→ of train) queue f; (→ of book) fin f;∎ to sit in the back (of car) monter à l'arrière;∎ to sit at the back (of bus) s'asseoir à l'arrière;∎ the carriage at the back of the train la voiture en queue de ou du train;∎ at the back of the book à la fin du livre;∎ the garden is out or round the back le jardin se trouve derrière la maison;∎ the dress fastens at the back or American in back la robe s'agrafe dans le dos;∎ there was an advert on the back of the bus il y avait une publicité à l'arrière du bus;∎ familiar she's got a face like the back of a bus elle est moche comme un pou(c) (other side → of hand, spoon, envelope) dos m; (→ of carpet, coin, medal) revers m; (→ of fabric) envers m; (→ of page) verso m; Finance (→ of cheque) dos m, verso m;∎ I know this town like the back of my hand je connais cette ville comme ma poche;∎ familiar you'll feel the back of my hand in a minute! tu vas en prendre une!(d) (farthest from the front → of cupboard, room, stage) fond m;∎ back of the mouth arrière-bouche f;∎ back of the throat arrière-gorge f;∎ we'd like a table at the or in the very back nous voudrions une table tout au fond;∎ familiar in the back of beyond en pleine brousse, au diable vauvert;∎ it was always there at the back of his mind that… l'idée ne le quittait pas que…;∎ it's something to keep at the back of your mind c'est quelque chose à ne pas oublier;∎ I've had it or it's been at the back of my mind for ages j'y pense depuis longtemps, ça fait longtemps que ça me travaille(f) (of chair) dos m, dossier m∎ (full) back arrière m;∎ right/left back arrière m droit/gauche∎ I backed the car into the garage j'ai mis la voiture dans le garage en marche arrière;∎ she backed him into the next room elle l'a fait reculer dans la pièce d'à côté(b) Commerce (support financially → company, venture) financer, commanditer; Finance (→ loan) garantir;∎ Finance to back a bill avaliser ou endosser un effet(c) (encourage → efforts, person, venture) encourager, appuyer, soutenir; Politics (→ candidate, bill) soutenir;∎ we backed her in her fight against racism nous l'avons soutenue dans sa lutte contre le racisme;∎ Sport to back a winner (horse, team) parier ou miser sur un gagnant; Finance & Commerce (company, stock) bien placer son argent; figurative jouer la bonne carte;∎ figurative to back the wrong horse parier ou miser sur le mauvais cheval(e) Textiles (strengthen, provide backing for → curtain, material) doubler; (→ picture, paper) renforcer∎ the car backed into the driveway la voiture est entrée en marche arrière dans l'allée;∎ I backed into my neighbour's car je suis rentré dans la voiture de mon voisin en reculant;∎ I backed into a corner je me suis retiré dans un coin∎ to go back and forth (person) faire des allées et venues; (machine, piston) faire un mouvement de va-et-vient;∎ his eyes darted back and forth il regardait de droite à gauchedevant derrière, à l'envers;∎ you've got your pullover on back to front tu as mis ton pull devant derrièreAmerican derrière►► Technology back boiler = ballon d'eau chaude situé derrière un foyer;Press back copy vieux numéro m;Australian & New Zealand back country campagne f, arrière-pays m inv;∎ figurative to get in through or by the back door être pistonné;∎ the back end of the year l'arrière-saison;Linguistics back formation dérivation f régressive;American back haul = trajet de retour d'un camion;Finance back interest arrérages mpl, intérêts mpl arriérés;Press back issue vieux numéro m;Golf the back nine les neuf derniers trous mpl;Press back number vieux numéro m;Banking back office back-office m;back office staff personnels mpl de back-office;Commerce back orders commandes fpl en souffrance;back page dernière page f;Football back pass passe f en retrait;back pay rappel m de salaire;back rent arriéré m de loyer;back road petite route f;back room (in house) pièce f de derrière; (in shop) arrière-boutique f; (for research) laboratoire m de recherche secret;back seat siège m arrière;back shift (people) = équipe du soir;∎ I hate the back shift je déteste être du soir;∎ to work or be on the back shift être (de l'équipe) du soir;Linguistics back slang ≃ verlan m;back straight ligne f (droite) d'en face;back street petite rue f;∎ I grew up in the back streets of Chicago j'ai été élevé dans les mauvais quartiers de Chicago;Horseracing back stretch (on race course) ligne f d'en face;Finance back taxes arriéré m d'impôts∎ she backed away from him elle a reculé devant lui;∎ figurative they have backed away from making a decision ils se sont abstenus de prendre une décision(accept defeat → in argument) admettre qu'on est dans son tort; (→ in conflict) faire marche arrière;∎ he finally backed down on the issue of membership il a fini par céder sur la question de l'adhésion(a) (withdraw) reculer;(b) American (accept defeat → in argument) admettre qu'on est dans son tort; (→ in conflict) faire marche arrière(have back facing towards) donner sur (à l'arrière);∎ the house backs onto the river l'arrière de la maison donne sur la rivière∎ don't back out now! ne faites pas marche arrière maintenant!;∎ they backed out of the deal ils se sont retirés de l'affaire;∎ to back out of a contract se rétracter ou se retirer d'un contrat;∎ he's trying to back out (of it) il voudrait se dédire➲ back up∎ to back sb up in an argument donner raison à qn;∎ her story is backed up by eye witnesses sa version des faits est confirmée par des témoins oculaires;∎ he backed this up with a few facts il a étayé ça avec quelques faits∎ traffic is backed up for 5 miles ≃ il y a un embouteillage sur 8 kmComputing sauvegarder
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