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1 BOOK
parma (writings), also attested with suffixes: parmastanna “upon [-nna] your [-sta, dual] book”. BOOK LANGUAGE (=Quenya) parmalambë; *BOOK-FAIR \#parma-resta (attested with suffixes: parma-restalyanna *”upon your book-fair”; see FAIR \#2 for further discussion). –PAR/UT:219, 460, LT2:346, VT49:39, 47 -
2 LAND
nórë (dwelling-place, race, country, region where certain people live, nation, native land, family), nór (meaning '"'land' as opposed to water or sea", WJ:413). In compounds \#-ndor (when the first part of the compound end in a vowel, e.g. Valandor "Vala-land", alternative form of Valinor), or –nor, –dor (the latter can only occur when the first part of the compound ends in –l, –r, or –n; in other combinations d cannot occur in Noldorin Quenya). Another ending occurring in the names of lands is -sta (see VT43:15). Cf. also lóna (remote land difficult to reach, island. Note: a homophone means "dark"); WESTLAND Númenor, Númenórë (Westernesse); LAND OF GIFT (a name of Númenor) Andor (< *Annandor, see GIFT), LAND OF THE WEST Númendor, LAND OF THE VALAR Valinor, Valinórë. –NDOR/NŌ/Silm:430/ WJ:413, LONO, Silm:414, 313, 430, VT49:26 -
3 THEIR
may be expressed as the ending -lta (also -ltya) added to nouns (VT49:16), e.g. *aldalta or *aldaltya = “their tree”. – In some sources, Tolkien instead gives the ending as -nta (nassentar pl. “their true-being[s]”, PE17:174) or -ntya (called an “archaic” form in VT49:17), just as he hesitated between -ltë and -ntë as the ending for “they” (VT49:17; see THEY). In “colloquial Quenya”, the ending -rya could also be used for the plural pronoun “their” (símaryassen “in their imaginations”, VT49:16), because it was felt to contain the plural ending -r, but in “correct” written Quenya -rya was rather the ending for “his, her, its” (VT49:17). – According to VT49:17, the vowel -i- is inserted before the ending -lta/-ltya or -nta/-ntya when it is added to a stem ending in a consonant (but the evidence concerning connecting vowels before pronominal endings is rather diverse). – All these words for “their” are plural; the ending for dual “their” (describing something owned by two persons) is given in VT49:16 as -sta, but this clashes with a similar ending belonging to the second rather than the third person. The corresponding ending for “they” was (according to VT49:51) changed from -stë to -ttë, seemingly implying *-tta as the ending for dual “their”: hence e.g. *aldatta, “the tree of the two of them”. – No independent words for “their, theirs” are attested. Analogy may point to *tenya (plural) and *túnya or *tunya (dual), based on (attested) ten and (unattested) *tún as the dative forms of the pronouns te, tú “they” (plural and dual, repectively). Compare such attested forms as ninya “my” and menya “our” vs. the dative pronouns nin “for me”, men “for us”. -
4 YOU
(plural and dual only; for singular "you", see THOU): Plural “you” is normally expressed by the ending -ldë (VT49:51) that is added to verbs, e.g. carildë “you do” (VT49:16; in earlier texts Tolkien also used the ending--llë for pl. "you”, VT43:36, VT49:48). The reduced form -l may be attached to an imperative: hecal! "you be gone!" (WJ:364). Independent pronoun le, with long vowel (lé, VT49:51) when stressed. Case endings may be added, e.g. dative *len “for you” (cf. nin “for me”). YOUR (plural) is expressed by the ending -lda (VT49:16), e.g. onnalda “your child” (VT49:42); as an independent word perhaps *lenya (compare ninya “my” vs. ni “I”, nin “for me”). – Dual forms of YOU, used when addressing two persons: ending -stë (for original -dde, VT49:16, 33, 51), independent pronoun tyet (intimate/familiar) or let (polite/formal), YOUR (dual): ending -sta (VT49:16), as independent word perhaps *tyentya, *lentya derived from dual dative forms *tyent, *lent “for you (two)”. Compare such attested forms as ninya “my” and menya “our” vs. the dative pronouns nin “for me”, men “for us”.
См. также в других словарях:
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sta — sta·tant; sta·ter; sta·tion·al; sta·tion·ar·i·ly; sta·tion·ar·i·ness; sta·tion·ary; sta·tio·ner; sta·tio·nery; sta·tion·man; sta·tis·ti·cal; sta·tis·ti·cism; sta·tis·tics; sta·tive; sta·tus; cho·le·sta·sis; con·sta·tive; gang·sta;… … English syllables
šta — štȁ riječca <indekl.> DEFINICIJA 1. upitna riječ za nepoznate stvari, pojave i pojmove, usp. što (1a) 2. razg. što (u pitanjima i kontekstima koji ne traže odgovor) [šta ja tu mogu = što ja tu mogu] 3. (u frazeološkim izrazima javlja se kao … Hrvatski jezični portal
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staþō- — *staþō , *staþōn, *staþa , *staþan germ., schwach Maskulinum (n): nhd. Gestell; ne. rack (Neutrum); Rekontruktionsbasis: got., an., mnd.; Etymologie: vergleiche idg … Germanisches Wörterbuch
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staþa- — *staþa , *staþam germ., stark. Neutrum (a): nhd. Gestade, Ufer; ne. shore (Neutrum); Rekontruktionsbasis: got., ae.; Hinweis: s. *staþa (1); Etymologie: s. ing. *st … Germanisches Wörterbuch
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staþjō- — *staþjō , *staþjōn, *staþja , *staþjan germ.?, schwach Maskulinum (n): nhd. Amboss; ne. anvil; Rekontruktionsbasis: an.; Etymologie: vergleiche idg. *stā , *stə , *steh₂ … Germanisches Wörterbuch
