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21 state secretary for welfare
English-Russian big medical dictionary > state secretary for welfare
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22 assistance
əˈsɪstəns сущ. поддержка, помощь, поощрение, содействие to render( give, offer, provide) assistance ≈ оказывать помощь considerable/great assistance ≈ большая помощь, ощутимая поддержка economic/financial assistance ≈ экономическое содействие legal assistance ≈ юридическая помощь material assistance ≈ материальная помощь public assistance ≈ общественная поддержка technical assistance ≈ техническая поддержка economic assistance to underdeveloped countries ≈ экономическая помощью отсталым странам He was of considerable assistance to us. ≈ Он нам сильно помог. Syn: helpпомощь, содействие - mutual * взаимопомощь - technical * техническая помощь - to render * оказывать помощь - can I be of any *? могу ли я помочь вам? - they came to my * они пришли мне на помощь вспомоществование, пособие помощник;
ассистент;
референт - * to the Secretaty of State помощник государственного секретаря - manager's * помощник директора (технический) сотрудник;
работник - research * (старший) научный сотрудник - laboratory * лаборант вспомогательное средство - * to memory средство, способствующее запоминанию, мнемоническое средство замещающий, помогающий - * manager заместитель заведующего - A. Secretary of State заместитель государственного секретаря (в США) - A. Secretary of the Army заместитель военного министра (в армии США) младший, рядовой - * lecturer ассистент, младший преподаватель( вуза)assistance вспомоществование ~ поддержка ~ помощь, содействие;
to render assistance оказывать помощь ~ помощь, содействие ~ помощь ~ пособие ~ содействиеcollection ~ помощь при инкассированииexecutive ~ административная помощьfinancial ~ финансовая помощь financial ~ финансовое содействиеgovernment ~ правительственная поддержка government ~ правительственная помощь government ~ правительственное содействие government ~ содействие правительстваintercourt ~ международная правовая помощьjuridical ~ правовая помощьlend ~ оказывать помощь lend: ~ давать, предоставлять;
to lend assistance (support) оказывать помощь (поддержку)mutual ~ взаимное содействие mutual ~ взаимопомощьmutual judicial ~ взаимная судебная помощьpecuniary ~ финансовая помощьpublic ~ государственное вспомоществование public ~ общественная помощь;
помощь со стороны органа власти public ~ социальная помощь public ~ социальное обеспечение~ помощь, содействие;
to render assistance оказывать помощь render ~ оказывать помощьsocial ~ общественная поддержка social ~ социальная поддержка, социальное вспоможествование social ~ социальная (общественная) помощь social ~ социальное обеспечениеtechnical ~ техническая помощьvocational ~ профессиональная помощьБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > assistance
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23 SS
1) Общая лексика: Start to Start Начало-Начало, зависимость между работами в сетевом графике, кк правило используется для работ, идущих параллельно (Одна из четырех возможных логических зависмостей между работами), (suspended solids) ВТЧ (взвешенные твёрдые частицы) (в биоочистке), Юридический термин, ставится в конце документа (показаниях, прошениях) и указывает на территориальную принадлежность процесса. Эта аббревиатура несёт значение фразы statement of venue. Её следует произносить to wit. Дан2) Компьютерная техника: Script Source, Super Sport, Super- System, Systematic Search3) Геология: Stone Size4) Медицина: suspended solids5) Американизм: Shifting Standards, Social Services, State Statute6) Спорт: Skid Snap, Soft Standing, Split Squad, Sport Sheath, Super Sports, Super Sportsman7) Военный термин: Sakura Station, Secret Service, Side Story, Silent Strike, Silver Star, Single Source, Sinking Ship, Slave Select, Smoke Screen, Special Shot, Subordinate System, Sustainable Site, System Specification, System Supervisor, System Support, Systems Summary, satellite system, sector scanning, security service, security squadron, selective service, sensing system, service school, service squadron, service support, sharpshooter, shelf stock, shell shock, ship station, ship system, ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore, short service, shortstop, signal security, simulation system, single-seated, single-shot, smoke shell, sound system, source of supply, source selection, space system, special service, special staff, special strike, special study, spin-stabilized, stabilized system, staff sergeant, staff specialist, staff surgeon, station supervision, steering system, stock status, strategic study, submarine, submarine scout, subsystem, summary sheet, supply sergeant, supply service, supply station, support services, support ship, support squadron, support system, surface-to-surface, surveillance station, system sensitivity, system simulation, system specifications, дизельная многоцелевая подводная лодка, дизельная ударная подводная лодка8) Техника: Structure Server, Super Sleeper, safe shutdown, safety significant, safety supervisor, sample sink, sample station, samples-per-second, sampling system, satellite spectroscopy, secondary station, security subsystem, shift supervisor, side slope, sight setter, signal service, signal strength, single sideband, single signal, single-sided, site safety, site specific, site suitability, sliding short, slow speed, slow-speed relay, solar spectrograph, solar spectroscopy, solid-state, space track sensor, special source, spheric strokes-per-second, spread spectrum signal, standard specification, standard-frequency station, star scanner, stellar sensor, stellar spectrograph, stellar spectroscopy, subscriber set, sun sensor, superheater section, system software, system survivability, system synchronization, systems specialist, обозначение для радиостанций службы стандартных частот9) Сельское хозяйство: Salmonella Shigella, supersensitiveness10) Шутливое выражение: Sad Suburban, Sneaky Snakes11) История: эсэсовский12) Математика: выборочное обследование (sample survey), подсистема (subsystem), сумма квадратов (sum of squares), объём выборки (sample size)13) Религия: Service Sundays14) Железнодорожный термин: Sand Springs Railway Company15) Юридический термин: Sadistic Site, Saturday And Sunday, Self Strip, Slimy Stalker, Straight Shootin16) Бухгалтерия: Sum Of Sales17) Автомобильный термин: speed sensor (Honda)18) Астрономия: Shooting Stars, Spherical Symmetry19) Грубое выражение: Sadly Stupid, Sexy Sandy, Sexy Swimsuits, Shit Stained, Somewhat Stupid, Spirit Sluts, Super Stupid20) Музыка: Sweet Sixteen21) Оптика: single scattering22) Телекоммуникации: Supervisory Center, Switching System (SMDS)23) Сокращение: Attack Submarine, Saturday, Sunday, Search Unit (China), Secretary of State, Shot Sensor, Simulator System, Single Shot, Social Security, Spread Spectrum, Sunday School, Sunset, semisteel, service sink, ship service, slop sink, smokestand, solar system, space sciences, space shuttle, space station, special services, standard frequency station, steamship, straight shank, submarine studies, summing selector, supersonic, illuminating (projectiles), spin-stabilized (rockets), Sjogren's syndrome24) Театр: Sidestep25) Текстиль: Short Sleeves, Single Stitch, Stocking Stitch, Super Size, Super Stout26) Физика: Secondary Structure27) Физиология: One Half, Sacrosciatic, Signs And Symptoms, Sitting And Standing, Sjogrens Syndrome, Sore Shoulders, Surgical Steel28) Электроника: Small Signal, Steady State, Super Slim29) Вычислительная техника: single sided, stack segment, Spread Spectrum (WLAN), Single Sided (disk, FDD), Stack Segment (register, CPU, Intel, Assembler)30) Нефть: diamond core slicer, reflected wave, sands, self sharpening, semisubmersible, slow set, small show, string shot, subsea, subsurface, инспектор по технике безопасности (safety supervisor), медленно схватывающийся (о цементе, slow seize), небольшой заряд взрывчатого вещества (взрываемый для ослабления резьбы находящихся в скважине труб в случае их прихвата), одноточечный (об инклинометре; single shot)31) Иммунология: Serum Seed32) Космонавтика: КС33) Картография: saints, side of stream, substation34) Транспорт: Semi Slick, Steam Ship, Sterling Silver, Super Sensor35) СМИ: Screen Shot, Separate Screen, Sesame Street, Simple Syndication36) Деловая лексика: Smart Source, пароход (steam ship)37) Бурение: sandstone, медленносхватывающийся (slow set), небольшой заряд ВВ, взрываемый для ослабления резьб труб, находящихся в скважине (string shot; в случае прихвата)38) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Synthetic Surfactants, sanitary sewer (system), единственный подрядчик (sole source)39) Образование: Standard Score40) Планирование: Начало( этапа) после начала (другого) (Start to Start - описание взаимосвязи двух этапов в графике выполнения работ)41) Сетевые технологии: Server Side, Shared Server, speed switch42) Полимеры: sliced sheet, smoked sheet, solid solution, stainless steel, superheated steam, superqensitive, supersensitive43) Автоматика: single-side44) Ядерная физика: Sodium Salicylate45) Контроль качества: sample size, sum of squares46) Сахалин Р: sole source47) Океанография: Six Shoe48) Сахалин А: safety switch49) Химическое оружие: Selector switch, safety shower50) Молочное производство: Shigella Agar51) Безопасность: System Security52) Расширение файла: Screen Saver, Seconds, Splash Bitmap graphics, Screen saver (DN)53) Нефть и газ: sanitary sewer54) Каспий: sub surface55) Электротехника: steam station, supply system, switching state, switching surge56) Имена и фамилии: Scott Simons, Stuart Surridge57) ООН: Short Story, Social Studies58) Должность: Sleazy Sister, Sprocket Specialist, Staff Secretary59) Чат: Same Subject, Single Sounds, So Sweet, Special Someone60) Программное обеспечение: Source Safe, Style Sheets61) Федеральное бюро расследований: Search Slip62) Международная торговля: Short Supply63) Базы данных: Spread Sheet -
24 Ss
1) Общая лексика: Start to Start Начало-Начало, зависимость между работами в сетевом графике, кк правило используется для работ, идущих параллельно (Одна из четырех возможных логических зависмостей между работами), (suspended solids) ВТЧ (взвешенные твёрдые частицы) (в биоочистке), Юридический термин, ставится в конце документа (показаниях, прошениях) и указывает на территориальную принадлежность процесса. Эта аббревиатура несёт значение фразы statement of venue. Её следует произносить to wit. Дан2) Компьютерная техника: Script Source, Super Sport, Super- System, Systematic Search3) Геология: Stone Size4) Медицина: suspended solids5) Американизм: Shifting Standards, Social Services, State Statute6) Спорт: Skid Snap, Soft Standing, Split Squad, Sport Sheath, Super Sports, Super Sportsman7) Военный термин: Sakura Station, Secret Service, Side Story, Silent Strike, Silver Star, Single Source, Sinking Ship, Slave Select, Smoke Screen, Special Shot, Subordinate System, Sustainable Site, System Specification, System Supervisor, System Support, Systems Summary, satellite system, sector scanning, security service, security squadron, selective service, sensing system, service school, service squadron, service support, sharpshooter, shelf stock, shell shock, ship station, ship system, ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore, short service, shortstop, signal security, simulation system, single-seated, single-shot, smoke shell, sound system, source of supply, source selection, space system, special service, special staff, special strike, special study, spin-stabilized, stabilized system, staff sergeant, staff specialist, staff surgeon, station supervision, steering system, stock status, strategic study, submarine, submarine scout, subsystem, summary sheet, supply sergeant, supply service, supply station, support services, support ship, support squadron, support system, surface-to-surface, surveillance station, system sensitivity, system simulation, system specifications, дизельная многоцелевая подводная лодка, дизельная ударная подводная лодка8) Техника: Structure Server, Super Sleeper, safe shutdown, safety significant, safety supervisor, sample sink, sample station, samples-per-second, sampling system, satellite spectroscopy, secondary station, security subsystem, shift supervisor, side slope, sight setter, signal service, signal strength, single sideband, single signal, single-sided, site safety, site specific, site suitability, sliding short, slow speed, slow-speed relay, solar spectrograph, solar spectroscopy, solid-state, space track sensor, special source, spheric strokes-per-second, spread spectrum signal, standard specification, standard-frequency station, star scanner, stellar sensor, stellar spectrograph, stellar spectroscopy, subscriber set, sun sensor, superheater section, system software, system survivability, system synchronization, systems specialist, обозначение для радиостанций службы стандартных частот9) Сельское хозяйство: Salmonella Shigella, supersensitiveness10) Шутливое выражение: Sad Suburban, Sneaky Snakes11) История: эсэсовский12) Математика: выборочное обследование (sample survey), подсистема (subsystem), сумма квадратов (sum of squares), объём выборки (sample size)13) Религия: Service Sundays14) Железнодорожный термин: Sand Springs Railway Company15) Юридический термин: Sadistic Site, Saturday And Sunday, Self Strip, Slimy Stalker, Straight Shootin16) Бухгалтерия: Sum Of Sales17) Автомобильный термин: speed sensor (Honda)18) Астрономия: Shooting Stars, Spherical Symmetry19) Грубое выражение: Sadly Stupid, Sexy Sandy, Sexy Swimsuits, Shit Stained, Somewhat Stupid, Spirit Sluts, Super Stupid20) Музыка: Sweet Sixteen21) Оптика: single scattering22) Телекоммуникации: Supervisory Center, Switching System (SMDS)23) Сокращение: Attack Submarine, Saturday, Sunday, Search Unit (China), Secretary of State, Shot Sensor, Simulator System, Single Shot, Social Security, Spread Spectrum, Sunday School, Sunset, semisteel, service sink, ship service, slop sink, smokestand, solar system, space sciences, space shuttle, space station, special services, standard frequency station, steamship, straight shank, submarine studies, summing selector, supersonic, illuminating (projectiles), spin-stabilized (rockets), Sjogren's syndrome24) Театр: Sidestep25) Текстиль: Short Sleeves, Single Stitch, Stocking Stitch, Super Size, Super Stout26) Физика: Secondary Structure27) Физиология: One Half, Sacrosciatic, Signs And Symptoms, Sitting And Standing, Sjogrens Syndrome, Sore Shoulders, Surgical Steel28) Электроника: Small Signal, Steady State, Super Slim29) Вычислительная техника: single sided, stack segment, Spread Spectrum (WLAN), Single Sided (disk, FDD), Stack Segment (register, CPU, Intel, Assembler)30) Нефть: diamond core slicer, reflected wave, sands, self sharpening, semisubmersible, slow set, small show, string shot, subsea, subsurface, инспектор по технике безопасности (safety supervisor), медленно схватывающийся (о цементе, slow seize), небольшой заряд взрывчатого вещества (взрываемый для ослабления резьбы находящихся в скважине труб в случае их прихвата), одноточечный (об инклинометре; single shot)31) Иммунология: Serum Seed32) Космонавтика: КС33) Картография: saints, side of stream, substation34) Транспорт: Semi Slick, Steam Ship, Sterling Silver, Super Sensor35) СМИ: Screen Shot, Separate Screen, Sesame Street, Simple Syndication36) Деловая лексика: Smart Source, пароход (steam ship)37) Бурение: sandstone, медленносхватывающийся (slow set), небольшой заряд ВВ, взрываемый для ослабления резьб труб, находящихся в скважине (string shot; в случае прихвата)38) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Synthetic Surfactants, sanitary sewer (system), единственный подрядчик (sole source)39) Образование: Standard Score40) Планирование: Начало( этапа) после начала (другого) (Start to Start - описание взаимосвязи двух этапов в графике выполнения работ)41) Сетевые технологии: Server Side, Shared Server, speed switch42) Полимеры: sliced sheet, smoked sheet, solid solution, stainless steel, superheated steam, superqensitive, supersensitive43) Автоматика: single-side44) Ядерная физика: Sodium Salicylate45) Контроль качества: sample size, sum of squares46) Сахалин Р: sole source47) Океанография: Six Shoe48) Сахалин А: safety switch49) Химическое оружие: Selector switch, safety shower50) Молочное производство: Shigella Agar51) Безопасность: System Security52) Расширение файла: Screen Saver, Seconds, Splash Bitmap graphics, Screen saver (DN)53) Нефть и газ: sanitary sewer54) Каспий: sub surface55) Электротехника: steam station, supply system, switching state, switching surge56) Имена и фамилии: Scott Simons, Stuart Surridge57) ООН: Short Story, Social Studies58) Должность: Sleazy Sister, Sprocket Specialist, Staff Secretary59) Чат: Same Subject, Single Sounds, So Sweet, Special Someone60) Программное обеспечение: Source Safe, Style Sheets61) Федеральное бюро расследований: Search Slip62) Международная торговля: Short Supply63) Базы данных: Spread Sheet -
25 ss
1) Общая лексика: Start to Start Начало-Начало, зависимость между работами в сетевом графике, кк правило используется для работ, идущих параллельно (Одна из четырех возможных логических зависмостей между работами), (suspended solids) ВТЧ (взвешенные твёрдые частицы) (в биоочистке), Юридический термин, ставится в конце документа (показаниях, прошениях) и указывает на территориальную принадлежность процесса. Эта аббревиатура несёт значение фразы statement of venue. Её следует произносить to wit. Дан2) Компьютерная техника: Script Source, Super Sport, Super- System, Systematic Search3) Геология: Stone Size4) Медицина: suspended solids5) Американизм: Shifting Standards, Social Services, State Statute6) Спорт: Skid Snap, Soft Standing, Split Squad, Sport Sheath, Super Sports, Super Sportsman7) Военный термин: Sakura Station, Secret Service, Side Story, Silent Strike, Silver Star, Single Source, Sinking Ship, Slave Select, Smoke Screen, Special Shot, Subordinate System, Sustainable Site, System Specification, System Supervisor, System Support, Systems Summary, satellite system, sector scanning, security service, security squadron, selective service, sensing system, service school, service squadron, service support, sharpshooter, shelf stock, shell shock, ship station, ship system, ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore, short service, shortstop, signal security, simulation system, single-seated, single-shot, smoke shell, sound system, source of supply, source selection, space system, special service, special staff, special strike, special study, spin-stabilized, stabilized system, staff sergeant, staff specialist, staff surgeon, station supervision, steering system, stock status, strategic study, submarine, submarine scout, subsystem, summary sheet, supply sergeant, supply service, supply station, support services, support ship, support squadron, support system, surface-to-surface, surveillance station, system sensitivity, system simulation, system specifications, дизельная многоцелевая подводная лодка, дизельная ударная подводная лодка8) Техника: Structure Server, Super Sleeper, safe shutdown, safety significant, safety supervisor, sample sink, sample station, samples-per-second, sampling system, satellite spectroscopy, secondary station, security subsystem, shift supervisor, side slope, sight setter, signal service, signal strength, single sideband, single signal, single-sided, site safety, site specific, site suitability, sliding short, slow speed, slow-speed relay, solar spectrograph, solar spectroscopy, solid-state, space track sensor, special source, spheric strokes-per-second, spread spectrum signal, standard specification, standard-frequency station, star scanner, stellar sensor, stellar spectrograph, stellar spectroscopy, subscriber set, sun sensor, superheater section, system software, system survivability, system synchronization, systems specialist, обозначение для радиостанций службы стандартных частот9) Сельское хозяйство: Salmonella Shigella, supersensitiveness10) Шутливое выражение: Sad Suburban, Sneaky Snakes11) История: эсэсовский12) Математика: выборочное обследование (sample survey), подсистема (subsystem), сумма квадратов (sum of squares), объём выборки (sample size)13) Религия: Service Sundays14) Железнодорожный термин: Sand Springs Railway Company15) Юридический термин: Sadistic Site, Saturday And Sunday, Self Strip, Slimy Stalker, Straight Shootin16) Бухгалтерия: Sum Of Sales17) Автомобильный термин: speed sensor (Honda)18) Астрономия: Shooting Stars, Spherical Symmetry19) Грубое выражение: Sadly Stupid, Sexy Sandy, Sexy Swimsuits, Shit Stained, Somewhat Stupid, Spirit Sluts, Super Stupid20) Музыка: Sweet Sixteen21) Оптика: single scattering22) Телекоммуникации: Supervisory Center, Switching System (SMDS)23) Сокращение: Attack Submarine, Saturday, Sunday, Search Unit (China), Secretary of State, Shot Sensor, Simulator System, Single Shot, Social Security, Spread Spectrum, Sunday School, Sunset, semisteel, service sink, ship service, slop sink, smokestand, solar system, space sciences, space shuttle, space station, special services, standard frequency station, steamship, straight shank, submarine studies, summing selector, supersonic, illuminating (projectiles), spin-stabilized (rockets), Sjogren's syndrome24) Театр: Sidestep25) Текстиль: Short Sleeves, Single Stitch, Stocking Stitch, Super Size, Super Stout26) Физика: Secondary Structure27) Физиология: One Half, Sacrosciatic, Signs And Symptoms, Sitting And Standing, Sjogrens Syndrome, Sore Shoulders, Surgical Steel28) Электроника: Small Signal, Steady State, Super Slim29) Вычислительная техника: single sided, stack segment, Spread Spectrum (WLAN), Single Sided (disk, FDD), Stack Segment (register, CPU, Intel, Assembler)30) Нефть: diamond core slicer, reflected wave, sands, self sharpening, semisubmersible, slow set, small show, string shot, subsea, subsurface, инспектор по технике безопасности (safety supervisor), медленно схватывающийся (о цементе, slow seize), небольшой заряд взрывчатого вещества (взрываемый для ослабления резьбы находящихся в скважине труб в случае их прихвата), одноточечный (об инклинометре; single shot)31) Иммунология: Serum Seed32) Космонавтика: КС33) Картография: saints, side of stream, substation34) Транспорт: Semi Slick, Steam Ship, Sterling Silver, Super Sensor35) СМИ: Screen Shot, Separate Screen, Sesame Street, Simple Syndication36) Деловая лексика: Smart Source, пароход (steam ship)37) Бурение: sandstone, медленносхватывающийся (slow set), небольшой заряд ВВ, взрываемый для ослабления резьб труб, находящихся в скважине (string shot; в случае прихвата)38) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Synthetic Surfactants, sanitary sewer (system), единственный подрядчик (sole source)39) Образование: Standard Score40) Планирование: Начало( этапа) после начала (другого) (Start to Start - описание взаимосвязи двух этапов в графике выполнения работ)41) Сетевые технологии: Server Side, Shared Server, speed switch42) Полимеры: sliced sheet, smoked sheet, solid solution, stainless steel, superheated steam, superqensitive, supersensitive43) Автоматика: single-side44) Ядерная физика: Sodium Salicylate45) Контроль качества: sample size, sum of squares46) Сахалин Р: sole source47) Океанография: Six Shoe48) Сахалин А: safety switch49) Химическое оружие: Selector switch, safety shower50) Молочное производство: Shigella Agar51) Безопасность: System Security52) Расширение файла: Screen Saver, Seconds, Splash Bitmap graphics, Screen saver (DN)53) Нефть и газ: sanitary sewer54) Каспий: sub surface55) Электротехника: steam station, supply system, switching state, switching surge56) Имена и фамилии: Scott Simons, Stuart Surridge57) ООН: Short Story, Social Studies58) Должность: Sleazy Sister, Sprocket Specialist, Staff Secretary59) Чат: Same Subject, Single Sounds, So Sweet, Special Someone60) Программное обеспечение: Source Safe, Style Sheets61) Федеральное бюро расследований: Search Slip62) Международная торговля: Short Supply63) Базы данных: Spread Sheet -
26 _S
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27 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
28 SA
1) Общая лексика: социальная ответственность (стандарт SA 8000 'Social Accountability')2) Компьютерная техника: Scalable Architecture, Set Attribute, Shutdown Acknowledged3) Геология: Спектральный анализ ( Spectral analysis)5) Американизм: Set Aside, Special Application, Support Administration6) Спорт: Sets Against7) Военный термин: Logistics Staff Officer, Secretary of the Army, Security Administrator, Seventh Army, Situation Analysis, Situation Awareness, Situational Awareness (4) Signals Analysis, South Australian, Space Applications, Special Act, Springfield armory, Stand Alone, Surprise Attack, Systems Administrator, Systems Architecture, safety analysis, scientific adviser, security assistance, selected ammunition, semiactive, senior adviser, service action, service adviser, service arm, servo assembly, ship-to-aircraft, shipping authority, signal analysis, signal analyzer, signature analysis, simple alert, single-action, site activation, slow-acting, small arms, snap-action, special actions, special agent, special area, special assignment, special assistant, specific activity, spectrum analysis, staging area, standby altimeter, storage area, subassembly, subject to approval, subsistence allowance, substitution authorization, supervisory authority, supplemental agreement, supply agency, supply area, support agency, supporting arms, surface area, surface attack, surface-to-air, system approach, systems analysis, used to identify FSU Surface-to-Air Missiles, e.g., SA-7/GRAIL8) Техника: Securities Art, acoustic sweep, safety & assessment department, satellite astronomy, separate amplifiers, service air, servoamplifier, signal attenuation, slow-acting relay, spaceborne astronomy, spacecraft adapter, supplement agreement, supporting agency, switching device9) Сельское хозяйство: Sustainable Agriculture10) Химия: Silver Azide11) Математика: анализ систем (systems analysis), самосопряжённый (self-adjoint), сигнатурный анализ (signature analysis), системный подход (systems approach)12) Религия: Supreme Allah13) Железнодорожный термин: Norfolk Southern Railway Company14) Юридический термин: Side Arm15) Экономика: societe anonima16) Грубое выражение: Sex Angle, Sexy Adventures, Sore Arse17) Металлургия: Submerged Arc18) Телекоммуникации: Source Address, Subarea19) Сокращение: Arsine (Chemical warfare blood agent), Salvation Army, Sanskrit, Saturday, Saudi Arabia (NATO country code), Scientific Adviser (UK), Seaman Apprentice, Securities Act, Selective Availability (GPS), Selective Availability, Service Assistant, Situational Awareness, Sociedad Anonima (Spain, Venezuela), Sociedada Anonima (Portugal), Sociedade Anonima (Brazil), Societe Anonyme (Belgium, France, Greece, Switzerland), South Africa, South African, South America, South Australia, Swept Audio, sail area, sex appeal, shaft alley, spectrum analyzer, stress anneal, sinoatrial, Sexaholics Anonymous (a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength, and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to stop lusting and become sexually sober), Anonyme (French company designation), Bureau of South Asian Affairs (US Department of State), Franciscan Friars of the Atonement (religious order), Sachsen, Safety and Arming, Sahitya Akademi (National Academy of Letters; India), Salary Adjustment, Sale Agreement, Salerno, Campania (Italian province), Sales Associate (real estate), Salta (Argentina province), Sample Analysis, Samtö, Samus Aran (Metroid character), San Andreas (video game), San Antonio, Sandia Apparatus, Sanofi Aventis (pharmaceutical company), Santa Ana (California), Sarajevo (auto registration for Sarajevo, Bosnia), Saskatchewan, Saturable Absorber, Saudi Arabia, Save (assembly language ASM51 assembler control), Say, Say Again (logging abbreviation), Scientific Advisor, Scientific American, Scientific-Atlanta (US satellite communications company), Scout Association, Scouting Association (UK), Scrambled Americans (video production company), Search and Attack, Seasonally Adjusted, Secret Admirer, Section Adaptation, Security Administration, Security Architecture, Security Association (IPSec), Security Authority, Security Awareness, See Also, Seismic Acoustics, Selection Authority, Self Aligned, Self Assessment, Senior Advisor, Sensor Assembly, Server Administrator, Service Advisor, Service Agent, Service Application, Service Appointment, Service Area, Service Assurance, Service Availability, Service-Affecting, Services Administrator (IRC operator), Services and Agencies, Setup Acknowledge (ITU-T), Sewickley Academy (Pennsylvania), Sexaholics Anonymous, Inc., Sexual Assault, Sexually Active, Shadow Alliance (gaming clan), Shared Area, Sheezyart (website), Shipping Authorization, Shipwright Apprentice, Short Abstract (abstracting & indexing), Short Acronym, Show Assistant, Shredder Afval (Dutch: shredder garbage), SicherheitsAbteilung (German: Safety Department), Side Angle (geometry), Significant Accomplishments, Simulated Annealing, Simulation and Analysis, Sine Anno (Latin: Without Date), Singapore Artillery, Single Access, Single Action (revolver), Single Adult, Single Aisle (aircraft), Single Award, Sinus Arrhythmia, Sir Aaron (Pokemon), Situation Assessment, Situation(al) Awareness, Situational Analysis, Sleep Apnea, Slowly Adapting Fiber (In Skin), Smart Alec, Smart Ass, Smoothing Algorithm, Sneak Attack (gaming), Sniper Assist (gaming, Starcraft), Socié, Social Accountability, Social Actions, Social Anxiety, Socialist Appeal, Sociedad Anó, Sociedade Anó, Society of the Atonement, Software Architecture, Solar Array, Solutions Architect, Something Awful (humor webpage), Something's Awful (website), Son Altesse (French: His/Her Highness), Sonata Arctica (band), Sonic Advance (video game), Sonic Adventure (game), Sound Attenuation, Source Address (IEEE 802.3), Source-Active (Cisco), Sourcing Analyst, South African Airways (IATA airline code), South Asia, Space Academy, Space Ace (video game), Space Available (airline travel), Spaced Antenna, Spare Allocation, Special Access, Special Action, Specialist Association (stock market exchanges), Spectral Acceleration (seismology), Spherical Array, Spinal Anesthesia, Spiral Acquisition, Spirited Away (Japanese anime movie), Splenic Artery, Spooksoliy Ara^nkas, Spring Awakening (musical), Springfield (Massachusetts) Armory (closed), Stabsarzt (German military), Stachowski Alpacas, Staging Activity, Standardised Approach, Standards Australia, Standby Air, State Annex (department of state building), Station Actual, Status Asthmaticus, Stealth Assassin (gaming), Stent Area, Stochastic Approximation, Storage Allocator, Stores Accountant, Storm Afdeling, Strategic Attack, Stroke Association, Structured Analysis (software engineering), Student Ambassadors, Student Assistant, Student Association, Studies and Analysis, Stuffed Animal, Stupid Ass, Stьrmabteilung (German: stormtroopers; paramilitary organization of Nazi Party), Sua Altezza (Italian: Her/His Majesty), Sub-Address (ISDN), Subscriber Access, Substance Abuse, Subsystem(s) Analysis, Suffield Academy (Suffield, Connecticut), Sugar Association, Sum Assured, Summa (Latin: sum), Sunshine Act, Suomen Armeija (Army of Finland), SuperAmerica, Superachromat (tele-photo lenses made by Carl Zeiss), Supervising Authority, Supplemental Appropriation, Supplemental Assembly, Supply Air (HVAC), Support Acquisition, Supportability Analysis, Supras Auteuil, Surveillance Area, Sustainable America, Swansea (postal code for Swansea, Wales), Swiss Army, Switch Arbiter, Syllabic Abbreviation, Symbolic Analysis, System Abort, System Administration, System Administrator, System Analysis, System Architecture, System Assessment, fsins (Iceland), k Atvinnulí, nima (Spanish company designation), short answer, té, Shareholders Agreement20) Университет: Sophomore Advisor, Special Activities, Strongly Agree, Student Administration, Study Abroad, Summer Absenteeism21) Физиология: Short Acting22) Электроника: Sampling Actuation, Socket A, Structured Audio23) Вычислительная техника: Storage Array, Systems Analyst, sense amplifier, smart applet, Spare Area (CD-MRW, DA), Software Assurance (MS), Source (MAC) Address (SNA, Token Ring, ATM, FDDI)24) Нефть: south addition25) Генетика: streptavidin, стрептавидин26) Офтальмология: (Spherical Aberration) Сферическая аберрация27) Банковское дело: Закон о ценных бумагах (США, 1933 г.; Securities Act)28) Транспорт: Shipyard Agreement, Slow Away29) Пищевая промышленность: Special Ale30) Фирменный знак: Samso31) Экология: sludge age32) Деловая лексика: Services Administration33) Образование: State Agency, Student Apathy34) Сетевые технологии: Security Association, Server Address, администратор системы, адрес отправителя35) ЕБРР: С учётом сезонных изменений (Seasonally adjusted), special account36) Полимеры: sectional area, self-acting, semiautomatic, sieve analysis37) Программирование: Set Access, Shift Amount, Starting Address38) Автоматика: start of action39) Сахалин Р: Sakhalin Administration40) Океанография: Simple- Adjoint, Supplied Air41) Химическое оружие: Safety assessment, summary account42) Макаров: standard atmosphere43) Безопасность: Security Advisory44) Электротехника: security analysis, stability area45) Имена и фамилии: Stanley Arthur46) Майкрософт: сопоставление безопасности47) Общественная организация: Scholarship America48) Должность: Shopping Assistant49) Чат: Sibling Alert50) Правительство: Santa Ana, California51) НАСА: Software Assurance, Solar Atmosphere52) Программное обеспечение: Scripting Additions, Search Algorithm, Special Applications, Sql Administrator53) Федеральное бюро расследований: San Antonio Field Office54) AMEX. Stage II Apparel Corporation -
29 SSA
1) Компьютерная техника: Single Static Assignment2) Медицина: somatostatin analogue (аналог соматостатина)3) Американизм: Secondary Switching Area, Secret Service Agent, Standard Spending Assessment4) Спорт: Sonic Stadium Awards5) Военный термин: Diesel-Powered Auxiliary Submarine, SIGINT Support Activity, Secretary of State for Air, Selective Service Act, Signal Security Agency, Soviet (FSU) Strategic Aviation, Special Support Activity, Staff Support Activity, Standard Small Arms, Supply and Services Agency, System Specification for ATCCS, System Supportability Assessment, security supporting assistance, service support annex, ship's stores ashore, signal supply agency, source selection activity, staff supply assistant, supply support activity, supply support agreements6) Техника: safety system actuation, serial shift arrangement, shuttle simulation aircraft, small search area, steady state availability, symbol synchronizer assembly7) Сельское хозяйство: Sulphosalicylic Acid8) Юридический термин: Street Skaters Association9) Экономика: ССО, соглашения о специальном обслуживании10) Бухгалтерия: Special Savings Account11) Страхование: Администрация социального обеспечения (Social Security Administration)12) Ветеринария: Side Saddle Association13) Грубое выражение: Same Sex Attraction, Scaly Skinned Aliens, Super Smart Ass14) География: sub-Saharan Africa (африканский континент к югу от Сахары, Африка южнее Сахары), Африка Южнее Сахары, Африка к югу от Сахары, Тропическая Африка, Черная Африка15) Телекоммуникации: Station Select Address (BISYNC)16) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Submarine with ASW capability (Japan), Seismological Society of America, Shan State Army (Burma), Social Security Act, Social Security Administration, Software Support Activity, Solid-State Amplifier, Special Spaced Armour, Nilo- Saharan (Other)17) Университет: System Science Applications18) Хирургия: сульфосалициловая кислота (sulfosalicylic acid)19) Вычислительная техника: Serial Storage Architecture (IBM), Social Security Administration (US Government)20) Нефть: substructure area, стационарный коэффициент эксплуатационной готовности (обеспечение эксплуатационной безопасности системы, steady state availability), обеспечение эксплуатационной безопасности системы (system safety assurance), Speedway SuperAmerica LLC21) Пищевая промышленность: significant scientific agreement22) Воздухоплавание: Soaring Society of America23) Фирменный знак: Sandhills Suri Alpacas, L. L. C., Service Sector Assistant, Singapore Soka Association24) Образование: School Superintendent Assessment25) Сетевые технологии: Site System Administration, Static Single Assignment26) Контроль качества: system safety assurance27) Химическое оружие: source selection authority, stack sampling apparatus28) Расширение файла: Serial Storage Architecture29) Электротехника: steady-state availability30) Общественная организация: Society of St. Andrew31) Должность: Supervisory Special Agent32) Аэропорты: Salvador, Buenos Aires, Brazil33) НАСА: Solar Survival Architecture34) Федеральное бюро расследований: Selective Service Number -
30 Sa
1) Общая лексика: социальная ответственность (стандарт SA 8000 'Social Accountability')2) Компьютерная техника: Scalable Architecture, Set Attribute, Shutdown Acknowledged3) Геология: Спектральный анализ ( Spectral analysis)5) Американизм: Set Aside, Special Application, Support Administration6) Спорт: Sets Against7) Военный термин: Logistics Staff Officer, Secretary of the Army, Security Administrator, Seventh Army, Situation Analysis, Situation Awareness, Situational Awareness (4) Signals Analysis, South Australian, Space Applications, Special Act, Springfield armory, Stand Alone, Surprise Attack, Systems Administrator, Systems Architecture, safety analysis, scientific adviser, security assistance, selected ammunition, semiactive, senior adviser, service action, service adviser, service arm, servo assembly, ship-to-aircraft, shipping authority, signal analysis, signal analyzer, signature analysis, simple alert, single-action, site activation, slow-acting, small arms, snap-action, special actions, special agent, special area, special assignment, special assistant, specific activity, spectrum analysis, staging area, standby altimeter, storage area, subassembly, subject to approval, subsistence allowance, substitution authorization, supervisory authority, supplemental agreement, supply agency, supply area, support agency, supporting arms, surface area, surface attack, surface-to-air, system approach, systems analysis, used to identify FSU Surface-to-Air Missiles, e.g., SA-7/GRAIL8) Техника: Securities Art, acoustic sweep, safety & assessment department, satellite astronomy, separate amplifiers, service air, servoamplifier, signal attenuation, slow-acting relay, spaceborne astronomy, spacecraft adapter, supplement agreement, supporting agency, switching device9) Сельское хозяйство: Sustainable Agriculture10) Химия: Silver Azide11) Математика: анализ систем (systems analysis), самосопряжённый (self-adjoint), сигнатурный анализ (signature analysis), системный подход (systems approach)12) Религия: Supreme Allah13) Железнодорожный термин: Norfolk Southern Railway Company14) Юридический термин: Side Arm15) Экономика: societe anonima16) Грубое выражение: Sex Angle, Sexy Adventures, Sore Arse17) Металлургия: Submerged Arc18) Телекоммуникации: Source Address, Subarea19) Сокращение: Arsine (Chemical warfare blood agent), Salvation Army, Sanskrit, Saturday, Saudi Arabia (NATO country code), Scientific Adviser (UK), Seaman Apprentice, Securities Act, Selective Availability (GPS), Selective Availability, Service Assistant, Situational Awareness, Sociedad Anonima (Spain, Venezuela), Sociedada Anonima (Portugal), Sociedade Anonima (Brazil), Societe Anonyme (Belgium, France, Greece, Switzerland), South Africa, South African, South America, South Australia, Swept Audio, sail area, sex appeal, shaft alley, spectrum analyzer, stress anneal, sinoatrial, Sexaholics Anonymous (a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength, and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to stop lusting and become sexually sober), Anonyme (French company designation), Bureau of South Asian Affairs (US Department of State), Franciscan Friars of the Atonement (religious order), Sachsen, Safety and Arming, Sahitya Akademi (National Academy of Letters; India), Salary Adjustment, Sale Agreement, Salerno, Campania (Italian province), Sales Associate (real estate), Salta (Argentina province), Sample Analysis, Samtö, Samus Aran (Metroid character), San Andreas (video game), San Antonio, Sandia Apparatus, Sanofi Aventis (pharmaceutical company), Santa Ana (California), Sarajevo (auto registration for Sarajevo, Bosnia), Saskatchewan, Saturable Absorber, Saudi Arabia, Save (assembly language ASM51 assembler control), Say, Say Again (logging abbreviation), Scientific Advisor, Scientific American, Scientific-Atlanta (US satellite communications company), Scout Association, Scouting Association (UK), Scrambled Americans (video production company), Search and Attack, Seasonally Adjusted, Secret Admirer, Section Adaptation, Security Administration, Security Architecture, Security Association (IPSec), Security Authority, Security Awareness, See Also, Seismic Acoustics, Selection Authority, Self Aligned, Self Assessment, Senior Advisor, Sensor Assembly, Server Administrator, Service Advisor, Service Agent, Service Application, Service Appointment, Service Area, Service Assurance, Service Availability, Service-Affecting, Services Administrator (IRC operator), Services and Agencies, Setup Acknowledge (ITU-T), Sewickley Academy (Pennsylvania), Sexaholics Anonymous, Inc., Sexual Assault, Sexually Active, Shadow Alliance (gaming clan), Shared Area, Sheezyart (website), Shipping Authorization, Shipwright Apprentice, Short Abstract (abstracting & indexing), Short Acronym, Show Assistant, Shredder Afval (Dutch: shredder garbage), SicherheitsAbteilung (German: Safety Department), Side Angle (geometry), Significant Accomplishments, Simulated Annealing, Simulation and Analysis, Sine Anno (Latin: Without Date), Singapore Artillery, Single Access, Single Action (revolver), Single Adult, Single Aisle (aircraft), Single Award, Sinus Arrhythmia, Sir Aaron (Pokemon), Situation Assessment, Situation(al) Awareness, Situational Analysis, Sleep Apnea, Slowly Adapting Fiber (In Skin), Smart Alec, Smart Ass, Smoothing Algorithm, Sneak Attack (gaming), Sniper Assist (gaming, Starcraft), Socié, Social Accountability, Social Actions, Social Anxiety, Socialist Appeal, Sociedad Anó, Sociedade Anó, Society of the Atonement, Software Architecture, Solar Array, Solutions Architect, Something Awful (humor webpage), Something's Awful (website), Son Altesse (French: His/Her Highness), Sonata Arctica (band), Sonic Advance (video game), Sonic Adventure (game), Sound Attenuation, Source Address (IEEE 802.3), Source-Active (Cisco), Sourcing Analyst, South African Airways (IATA airline code), South Asia, Space Academy, Space Ace (video game), Space Available (airline travel), Spaced Antenna, Spare Allocation, Special Access, Special Action, Specialist Association (stock market exchanges), Spectral Acceleration (seismology), Spherical Array, Spinal Anesthesia, Spiral Acquisition, Spirited Away (Japanese anime movie), Splenic Artery, Spooksoliy Ara^nkas, Spring Awakening (musical), Springfield (Massachusetts) Armory (closed), Stabsarzt (German military), Stachowski Alpacas, Staging Activity, Standardised Approach, Standards Australia, Standby Air, State Annex (department of state building), Station Actual, Status Asthmaticus, Stealth Assassin (gaming), Stent Area, Stochastic Approximation, Storage Allocator, Stores Accountant, Storm Afdeling, Strategic Attack, Stroke Association, Structured Analysis (software engineering), Student Ambassadors, Student Assistant, Student Association, Studies and Analysis, Stuffed Animal, Stupid Ass, Stьrmabteilung (German: stormtroopers; paramilitary organization of Nazi Party), Sua Altezza (Italian: Her/His Majesty), Sub-Address (ISDN), Subscriber Access, Substance Abuse, Subsystem(s) Analysis, Suffield Academy (Suffield, Connecticut), Sugar Association, Sum Assured, Summa (Latin: sum), Sunshine Act, Suomen Armeija (Army of Finland), SuperAmerica, Superachromat (tele-photo lenses made by Carl Zeiss), Supervising Authority, Supplemental Appropriation, Supplemental Assembly, Supply Air (HVAC), Support Acquisition, Supportability Analysis, Supras Auteuil, Surveillance Area, Sustainable America, Swansea (postal code for Swansea, Wales), Swiss Army, Switch Arbiter, Syllabic Abbreviation, Symbolic Analysis, System Abort, System Administration, System Administrator, System Analysis, System Architecture, System Assessment, fsins (Iceland), k Atvinnulí, nima (Spanish company designation), short answer, té, Shareholders Agreement20) Университет: Sophomore Advisor, Special Activities, Strongly Agree, Student Administration, Study Abroad, Summer Absenteeism21) Физиология: Short Acting22) Электроника: Sampling Actuation, Socket A, Structured Audio23) Вычислительная техника: Storage Array, Systems Analyst, sense amplifier, smart applet, Spare Area (CD-MRW, DA), Software Assurance (MS), Source (MAC) Address (SNA, Token Ring, ATM, FDDI)24) Нефть: south addition25) Генетика: streptavidin, стрептавидин26) Офтальмология: (Spherical Aberration) Сферическая аберрация27) Банковское дело: Закон о ценных бумагах (США, 1933 г.; Securities Act)28) Транспорт: Shipyard Agreement, Slow Away29) Пищевая промышленность: Special Ale30) Фирменный знак: Samso31) Экология: sludge age32) Деловая лексика: Services Administration33) Образование: State Agency, Student Apathy34) Сетевые технологии: Security Association, Server Address, администратор системы, адрес отправителя35) ЕБРР: С учётом сезонных изменений (Seasonally adjusted), special account36) Полимеры: sectional area, self-acting, semiautomatic, sieve analysis37) Программирование: Set Access, Shift Amount, Starting Address38) Автоматика: start of action39) Сахалин Р: Sakhalin Administration40) Океанография: Simple- Adjoint, Supplied Air41) Химическое оружие: Safety assessment, summary account42) Макаров: standard atmosphere43) Безопасность: Security Advisory44) Электротехника: security analysis, stability area45) Имена и фамилии: Stanley Arthur46) Майкрософт: сопоставление безопасности47) Общественная организация: Scholarship America48) Должность: Shopping Assistant49) Чат: Sibling Alert50) Правительство: Santa Ana, California51) НАСА: Software Assurance, Solar Atmosphere52) Программное обеспечение: Scripting Additions, Search Algorithm, Special Applications, Sql Administrator53) Федеральное бюро расследований: San Antonio Field Office54) AMEX. Stage II Apparel Corporation -
31 sa
1) Общая лексика: социальная ответственность (стандарт SA 8000 'Social Accountability')2) Компьютерная техника: Scalable Architecture, Set Attribute, Shutdown Acknowledged3) Геология: Спектральный анализ ( Spectral analysis)5) Американизм: Set Aside, Special Application, Support Administration6) Спорт: Sets Against7) Военный термин: Logistics Staff Officer, Secretary of the Army, Security Administrator, Seventh Army, Situation Analysis, Situation Awareness, Situational Awareness (4) Signals Analysis, South Australian, Space Applications, Special Act, Springfield armory, Stand Alone, Surprise Attack, Systems Administrator, Systems Architecture, safety analysis, scientific adviser, security assistance, selected ammunition, semiactive, senior adviser, service action, service adviser, service arm, servo assembly, ship-to-aircraft, shipping authority, signal analysis, signal analyzer, signature analysis, simple alert, single-action, site activation, slow-acting, small arms, snap-action, special actions, special agent, special area, special assignment, special assistant, specific activity, spectrum analysis, staging area, standby altimeter, storage area, subassembly, subject to approval, subsistence allowance, substitution authorization, supervisory authority, supplemental agreement, supply agency, supply area, support agency, supporting arms, surface area, surface attack, surface-to-air, system approach, systems analysis, used to identify FSU Surface-to-Air Missiles, e.g., SA-7/GRAIL8) Техника: Securities Art, acoustic sweep, safety & assessment department, satellite astronomy, separate amplifiers, service air, servoamplifier, signal attenuation, slow-acting relay, spaceborne astronomy, spacecraft adapter, supplement agreement, supporting agency, switching device9) Сельское хозяйство: Sustainable Agriculture10) Химия: Silver Azide11) Математика: анализ систем (systems analysis), самосопряжённый (self-adjoint), сигнатурный анализ (signature analysis), системный подход (systems approach)12) Религия: Supreme Allah13) Железнодорожный термин: Norfolk Southern Railway Company14) Юридический термин: Side Arm15) Экономика: societe anonima16) Грубое выражение: Sex Angle, Sexy Adventures, Sore Arse17) Металлургия: Submerged Arc18) Телекоммуникации: Source Address, Subarea19) Сокращение: Arsine (Chemical warfare blood agent), Salvation Army, Sanskrit, Saturday, Saudi Arabia (NATO country code), Scientific Adviser (UK), Seaman Apprentice, Securities Act, Selective Availability (GPS), Selective Availability, Service Assistant, Situational Awareness, Sociedad Anonima (Spain, Venezuela), Sociedada Anonima (Portugal), Sociedade Anonima (Brazil), Societe Anonyme (Belgium, France, Greece, Switzerland), South Africa, South African, South America, South Australia, Swept Audio, sail area, sex appeal, shaft alley, spectrum analyzer, stress anneal, sinoatrial, Sexaholics Anonymous (a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength, and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to stop lusting and become sexually sober), Anonyme (French company designation), Bureau of South Asian Affairs (US Department of State), Franciscan Friars of the Atonement (religious order), Sachsen, Safety and Arming, Sahitya Akademi (National Academy of Letters; India), Salary Adjustment, Sale Agreement, Salerno, Campania (Italian province), Sales Associate (real estate), Salta (Argentina province), Sample Analysis, Samtö, Samus Aran (Metroid character), San Andreas (video game), San Antonio, Sandia Apparatus, Sanofi Aventis (pharmaceutical company), Santa Ana (California), Sarajevo (auto registration for Sarajevo, Bosnia), Saskatchewan, Saturable Absorber, Saudi Arabia, Save (assembly language ASM51 assembler control), Say, Say Again (logging abbreviation), Scientific Advisor, Scientific American, Scientific-Atlanta (US satellite communications company), Scout Association, Scouting Association (UK), Scrambled Americans (video production company), Search and Attack, Seasonally Adjusted, Secret Admirer, Section Adaptation, Security Administration, Security Architecture, Security Association (IPSec), Security Authority, Security Awareness, See Also, Seismic Acoustics, Selection Authority, Self Aligned, Self Assessment, Senior Advisor, Sensor Assembly, Server Administrator, Service Advisor, Service Agent, Service Application, Service Appointment, Service Area, Service Assurance, Service Availability, Service-Affecting, Services Administrator (IRC operator), Services and Agencies, Setup Acknowledge (ITU-T), Sewickley Academy (Pennsylvania), Sexaholics Anonymous, Inc., Sexual Assault, Sexually Active, Shadow Alliance (gaming clan), Shared Area, Sheezyart (website), Shipping Authorization, Shipwright Apprentice, Short Abstract (abstracting & indexing), Short Acronym, Show Assistant, Shredder Afval (Dutch: shredder garbage), SicherheitsAbteilung (German: Safety Department), Side Angle (geometry), Significant Accomplishments, Simulated Annealing, Simulation and Analysis, Sine Anno (Latin: Without Date), Singapore Artillery, Single Access, Single Action (revolver), Single Adult, Single Aisle (aircraft), Single Award, Sinus Arrhythmia, Sir Aaron (Pokemon), Situation Assessment, Situation(al) Awareness, Situational Analysis, Sleep Apnea, Slowly Adapting Fiber (In Skin), Smart Alec, Smart Ass, Smoothing Algorithm, Sneak Attack (gaming), Sniper Assist (gaming, Starcraft), Socié, Social Accountability, Social Actions, Social Anxiety, Socialist Appeal, Sociedad Anó, Sociedade Anó, Society of the Atonement, Software Architecture, Solar Array, Solutions Architect, Something Awful (humor webpage), Something's Awful (website), Son Altesse (French: His/Her Highness), Sonata Arctica (band), Sonic Advance (video game), Sonic Adventure (game), Sound Attenuation, Source Address (IEEE 802.3), Source-Active (Cisco), Sourcing Analyst, South African Airways (IATA airline code), South Asia, Space Academy, Space Ace (video game), Space Available (airline travel), Spaced Antenna, Spare Allocation, Special Access, Special Action, Specialist Association (stock market exchanges), Spectral Acceleration (seismology), Spherical Array, Spinal Anesthesia, Spiral Acquisition, Spirited Away (Japanese anime movie), Splenic Artery, Spooksoliy Ara^nkas, Spring Awakening (musical), Springfield (Massachusetts) Armory (closed), Stabsarzt (German military), Stachowski Alpacas, Staging Activity, Standardised Approach, Standards Australia, Standby Air, State Annex (department of state building), Station Actual, Status Asthmaticus, Stealth Assassin (gaming), Stent Area, Stochastic Approximation, Storage Allocator, Stores Accountant, Storm Afdeling, Strategic Attack, Stroke Association, Structured Analysis (software engineering), Student Ambassadors, Student Assistant, Student Association, Studies and Analysis, Stuffed Animal, Stupid Ass, Stьrmabteilung (German: stormtroopers; paramilitary organization of Nazi Party), Sua Altezza (Italian: Her/His Majesty), Sub-Address (ISDN), Subscriber Access, Substance Abuse, Subsystem(s) Analysis, Suffield Academy (Suffield, Connecticut), Sugar Association, Sum Assured, Summa (Latin: sum), Sunshine Act, Suomen Armeija (Army of Finland), SuperAmerica, Superachromat (tele-photo lenses made by Carl Zeiss), Supervising Authority, Supplemental Appropriation, Supplemental Assembly, Supply Air (HVAC), Support Acquisition, Supportability Analysis, Supras Auteuil, Surveillance Area, Sustainable America, Swansea (postal code for Swansea, Wales), Swiss Army, Switch Arbiter, Syllabic Abbreviation, Symbolic Analysis, System Abort, System Administration, System Administrator, System Analysis, System Architecture, System Assessment, fsins (Iceland), k Atvinnulí, nima (Spanish company designation), short answer, té, Shareholders Agreement20) Университет: Sophomore Advisor, Special Activities, Strongly Agree, Student Administration, Study Abroad, Summer Absenteeism21) Физиология: Short Acting22) Электроника: Sampling Actuation, Socket A, Structured Audio23) Вычислительная техника: Storage Array, Systems Analyst, sense amplifier, smart applet, Spare Area (CD-MRW, DA), Software Assurance (MS), Source (MAC) Address (SNA, Token Ring, ATM, FDDI)24) Нефть: south addition25) Генетика: streptavidin, стрептавидин26) Офтальмология: (Spherical Aberration) Сферическая аберрация27) Банковское дело: Закон о ценных бумагах (США, 1933 г.; Securities Act)28) Транспорт: Shipyard Agreement, Slow Away29) Пищевая промышленность: Special Ale30) Фирменный знак: Samso31) Экология: sludge age32) Деловая лексика: Services Administration33) Образование: State Agency, Student Apathy34) Сетевые технологии: Security Association, Server Address, администратор системы, адрес отправителя35) ЕБРР: С учётом сезонных изменений (Seasonally adjusted), special account36) Полимеры: sectional area, self-acting, semiautomatic, sieve analysis37) Программирование: Set Access, Shift Amount, Starting Address38) Автоматика: start of action39) Сахалин Р: Sakhalin Administration40) Океанография: Simple- Adjoint, Supplied Air41) Химическое оружие: Safety assessment, summary account42) Макаров: standard atmosphere43) Безопасность: Security Advisory44) Электротехника: security analysis, stability area45) Имена и фамилии: Stanley Arthur46) Майкрософт: сопоставление безопасности47) Общественная организация: Scholarship America48) Должность: Shopping Assistant49) Чат: Sibling Alert50) Правительство: Santa Ana, California51) НАСА: Software Assurance, Solar Atmosphere52) Программное обеспечение: Scripting Additions, Search Algorithm, Special Applications, Sql Administrator53) Федеральное бюро расследований: San Antonio Field Office54) AMEX. Stage II Apparel Corporation -
32 ownership
•• * Из многочисленных слов семантического поля, к которому относится это слово, ownership является, пожалуй, самым широким и сложным по значению. Глагол to own обозначает собственность как возможность контролировать, распоряжаться чем-то. Отсюда, например, употребление этого слова в идущей в США дискуссии о частичной приватизации пенсионной системы (у нас это уже сделали без всякой дискуссии). Пример – из комментария пресс-секретаря Белого дома о разосланных по электронной почте тезисах по проблеме будущего американской пенсионной системы:
•• White House spokesman Scott McClellan said the e-mail was sent Monday to “ opinion leaders” to lay out “the challenges we face and the importance of seizing this opportunity to strengthen Social Security for our children and grandchildren and provide them with some ownership over their retirement savings.” -...дать нашим детям и внукам возможность контролировать часть своих пенсионных накоплений.
•• Можно, наверное, сказать быть собственниками части своих пенсионных накоплений, но тогда может возникнуть вопрос – а разве человек не является фактическим собственником той части пенсионных накоплений, которая находится в государственном пенсионном фонде?
•• Далее в «январских тезисах» – ownership society:
•• “At the end of the day, we want to promote both an ownership society and advance the idea of limited government,” the e-mail said.
•• Здесь значения собственность, ответственность и контроль настолько слитны, что выбрать вариант перевода для словаря не так просто. В данном контексте я предпочел бы не общество собственников, а общество личной ответственности или даже общество самостоятельных людей.
•• Большие трудности вызывает словосочетание country ownership, широко употребляемое в международных организациях, например, в таком контексте: efforts to encourage country ownership of programs and projects. Когда один из участников переводческого форума задал вопрос о переводе этого словосочетания, последовала немедленная реакция: «Похоже, международные бюрократы опять породили какую-то абстрактную химеру. Раньше все говорили про empowerment, тоже кстати трудно переводимый». Однако это выражение встречается не только у «международных бюрократов». Конечно, все что угодно выглядит плохо при неправильном или неумеренном употреблении. Но сейчас слово ownership в модном или близком к нему значении используется и очень хорошими публицистами. Вот пример из статьи одного из лучших, обозревателя газеты International Herald Tribune Уильяма Пфаффа:
•• If in the Security Council, the Bush administration refuses even a symbolic transfer of sovereignty to the Iraqis ( as demanded by Old Europe), and refuses to cede any political authority over the occupation to the UN, Washington will continue to enjoy exclusive ownership of this problem – with all of its risks and its current $87 billion-plus cost to the American taxpayer.
•• Здесь, как и во многих других случаях употребления этого слова, наиболее подходящий вариант перевода – ответственность:
•• <...> Вашингтон будет и впредь нести исключительную ответственность за эту проблему со всеми ее рискованными последствиями и ценой свыше 87 миллиардов долларов, которую заплатит американский налогоплательщик.
•• Сам же термин появился лет пять-семь назад в связи с деятельностью ПРООН. Речь идет о том, что страны, в которых осуществляются программы или проекты ООН, не должны выступать лишь в роли получателя помощи, а должны иметь реальную возможность влиять на ход работы. Кроме вариантов ответственность стран/ национальная ответственность, переводчиками ООН предлагались также заинтересованное/деятельное участие стран, искренняя заинтересованность стран, причастность и т. д.
•• Примеры употребления этого слова наводят на мысль о том, что мода на него связана с некоторой лакуной в английском языке: отсутствием дифференциации в слове independence – это и независимость (прежде всего политическая), и самостоятельность. Такая недифференцированность заставляет пишущих искать другие слова. Во многих случаях контекстуальные варианты со словами самостоятельно, самостоятельность могут подойти в переводе. Пример из статьи в Los Angeles Times:
•• Once established, the assembly would assign a commission to prepare Iraq’s new constitution. With nationwide town hall meetings providing a forum for grass-roots participation in debating and modifying the constitution, the process would enable the Iraqi people to have ownership of the outcome.
•• Здесь, пожалуй, возможны варианты со словами причастность, контроль, но ближе всего к намерению автора – позволит иракскому народу самостоятельно определять результат этого процесса. Несколько вольнее – чувствовать себя хозяином своей судьбы (здесь теряется outcome, а это существенно).
•• (Кстати, town hall meetings – как видим, это словосочетание употребляется не только как чисто американская реалия. Вполне адекватным в данном случае мне кажется вариант собрание общественности.)
•• Еще один пример того, что слово ownership встречается не только в специфическом «международно-чиновничьем» употреблении и не только в сочетании country ownership и может закономерно, как выразился бы Я.И. Рецкер, переводиться при помощи русских слов самостоятельность или контроль, – высказывание министра иностранных дел Иордании, процитированное в журнале Newsweek:
•• Reform is needed in the Arab world, we agree on that. But for it to work, we need ownership of the process, not a one-for-all blueprint from Washington. – Мы должны иметь контроль над этим процессом или Нам нужна самостоятельность в рамках этого процесса, а не стандартное решение, навязываемое Вашингтоном.
•• Кроме country ownership есть еще и total ownership. Вот замечательный фрагмент из книги Боба Вудворда Plan of Attack:
•• Monday, Jan. 13, Powell and Bush met in the Oval Office. The president was sitting in his regular chair in front of the fireplace, and the secretary was in the chair reserved for the visiting leader or most senior U.S. official. For once, neither Cheney nor Rice was hovering.
•• <...> The president said he had made up his mind on war. The United States should go to war.
•• “You’re sure?” Powell asked.
•• Yes, said Bush.
•• “ You understand the consequences,” Powell said in a half question. <...> “You know that you’re going to be owning this place?” Powell said, reminding Bush of what he had told him at a dinner the previous August in which Powell had made the case against military action in Iraq. An invasion would mean assuming the hopes, aspirations and all the troubles of Iraq. Powell wasn’t sure whether Bush had fully understood the meaning and consequences of total ownership.
•• But I think I have to do this, the president said.
•• Right, Powell said.
•• You’re going to be owning this place – русское слово владеть здесь совсем не подходит. Видимо, фразу Пауэлла можно было бы, учитывая последующее, перевести так: Вы понимаете, что будете отвечать за все? Total ownership – полная ответственность.
•• Вообще мало что так способствует обогащению языка, как полемика по острым политическим проблемам. В США главной из них в последние годы, безусловно, является иракская война. Среди языковых новаций, связанных с ней, – the Pottery Barn rule.
•• Цитирую по National Public Radio ту же книгу Вудворда Plan of Attack:
•• According to a new book by Washington Post journalist Bob Woodward, Powell was supportive of the war in public in an effort to win international support. But he was also concerned about the complications of a war. Woodward wrote that behind the scenes, Powell used language from one of Tom Friedman’s columns in referring to the “ Pottery Barn rule” of foreign policy. That is: “you break it, you own it.”
•• ( Pottery Barn – магазин типа «для дома, для семьи», среди прочего торгует керамикой, посудой, стеклом. Таким образом, Pottery Barn rule – что-то вроде правила посудной лавки). Смысл «правила» вроде бы прост: разбил – плати. Однако не все так просто – и в жизни, и в переводе.
•• Автор статьи в Washington Post Уильям Распбери, упомянув это «правило» (the so-called Pottery Barn rule invoked by Secretary of State Colin Powell in his prewar advice to President Bush), дальше пишет: And what, finally, of the “ you break it, you own it” imperative ( which Pottery Barn says is not its policy)?
•• Проверка в Интернете подтверждает, что магазин ни при чем:
•• Responding to Colin Powell’s use of the phrase “The Pottery Barn Rule” to refer to the rule “You break it, you own it,” Williams-Sonoma, parent of Pottery Barn, has issued a press release stating that its policy is in fact to write-down breakage. Более того: The State Department <...> issued a statement yesterday indicating that it did not intend to cast aspersions on the Pottery Barn mark.
•• Да и перевод плати при ближайшем рассмотрении оказывается не лучшим вариантом, ведь Пауэлл имел в виду не только чисто финансовые последствия, но и то, что, пойдя на военные действия, администрация берет на себя ответственность за целую страну. Итак, перевод Разбил – плати верен лишь отчасти. Хотя слово платить имеет и переносный смысл (отвечать за последствия), в переводе этой фразы лучше так и сказать: Разбил/сломал – отвечай ( за последствия).
-
33 contact
̈ɪˈkɔntækt
1. сущ.
1) а) контакт, соприкосновение Some diseases are communicated by contact. ≈ Некоторые болезни передаются через телесное соприкосновение. come into contact б) связь, сцепление в) понимание point of contact г) мат. касание д) эл. контакт make contact break contact contact electricity е) авиац. такая ситуация, когда с борта воздушного судна видна поверхность земли ж) авиац. команда "контакт!" (в винтомоторных самолетах: подается пилотом при пуске двигателя человеку, раскручивающему винт)
2) а) контакт, связь (обычно делового характера, часто мн.) ;
деловой партнер (фирма, но также и конкретный сотрудник, отвечающий за связь между фирмами, в последнем значении может использоваться вариант contact person) cultural contacts ≈ культурные связи business contacts, professional contacts ≈ деловые контакты international contacts ≈ международные связи social contacts ≈ общественные связи get in contact with maintain contact stay in contact б) мн. знакомства, отношения, связи personal contacts ≈ личные связи, знакомства break off contacts lose contacts в) агент, поверенный, доверенное лицо г) связной
3) мед. бациллоноситель;
человек, имевший контакты с заразным больным (и, следовательно, потенциальный заразившийся)
4) хим. в сочетании contact action катализ
5) контактная линза (сокращение от contact lens)
2. прил.
1) контактный, связывающий, связанный contact lenses contact man contact print
2) авиац. визуальный см. contact
1. 1е) contact flight
3. гл.
1) соприкасаться, касаться;
делать так, чтобы что-л. чего-л. коснулось;
находиться в состоянии соприкосновения The spark and the gunpowder contacted, and acting together, produce the explosion. ≈ Искра попадает на порох, и происходит взрыв. So that each side of the drift will have contacted with each side of the hole. ≈ Так чтобы каждый сторона бруса плотно соприкасалась с отверстием.
2) связываться, общаться, контактировать, обращаться, сноситься Mr. Dickey contacted every farmer in three representative agricultural counties. ≈ Мистер Дики имел контакты со всеми фермерами в трех больших сельскохозяйственных районах. In case of malfunction of the product contact your local dealer. ≈ В случае поломки продукта обращайтесь к местному дилеру. соприкосновение, контакт - to come in /into/ * with соприкасаться;
наталкиваться на;
установить контакт с;
(военное) войти в соприкосновение с - to break * (военное) оторваться от противника - to make * (военное) войти в соприкосновение (с противником) ;
войти в связь связь, контакт - diplomatic *s дипломатические связи - out of * не имея никакой связи, не будучи связанным соприкосновение, столкновение - to come into * with opposing opinions столкнуться с противоположными мнениями pl (американизм) отношения, знакомства, связи - to make useful social *s заводить полезные знакомства в обществе лицо, с которым имеются( деловые) связи - I learned of it from information given to me by one of our *s я узнал об этом от лица, с которым мы связаны связник( разведчика) передатчик инфекции, бациллоноситель (разговорное) контактная линза( специальное) касание (специальное) контакт, связь - to make * (электротехника) включать ток( химическое) катализатор контактный - * mine (военное) самовзрывной фугас;
(военное) контактная мина;
ударная мина - * rail (железнодорожное) контактный рельс, третий рельс - * print( фотографическое) контактная печать - * paper фотобумага для контактной печати (авиация) визуальный - * flight полет с визуальной ориентировкой;
полет по наземным ориентирам - * mission самолето-вылет для визуальной разведки - * light посадочный аэродромный огонь( авиация) визуально - to fly * летать с визуальной ориентировкой быть в контакте, в соприкосновении;
(со) прикасаться войти в контакт, в соприкосновение приводить в контакт, в соприкосновение устанавливать связь (по телефону, телеграфу) связаться - he succeeded in *ing the secretary ему удалось связаться с секретарем - for full information * your travel agency за получением подробных сведений обращайтесь в бюро путешествий( разговорное) установить деловые связи - to * an organization связаться с организацией завести связи, знакомства в обществе (электротехника) (авиация) включать area ~ плоский контакт break-before-make ~ перекидной контакт bring about a ~ осуществлять контакт contact вступать в контакт ~ контакт ~ соприкосновение ~ столкновение ~ устанавливать связь female ~ гнездовой контакт finger ~ кнопка low-resistance ~ контакт с малым сопротивлением normally closed ~ размыкающий контакт readout ~ вчт. считывающий контакт -
34 contact
1. [ʹkɒntækt] n1. соприкосновение, контактto come in /into/ contact with - а) соприкасаться; наталкиваться на; установить контакт с; б) воен. войти в соприкосновение с
to break contact - воен. оторваться от противника [см. тж. 9]
to make contact - воен. а) войти в соприкосновение (с противником); б) войти в связь; [см. тж. 9]
2. связь, контактdiplomatic [cultural] contacts - дипломатические [культурные] связи /контакты/
out of contact - не имея никакой связи, не будучи связанным
3. соприкосновение, столкновениеto come into contact with opposing opinions - столкнуться с противоположными мнениями
4. pl амер. отношения, знакомства, связиto make useful social contacts - заводить полезные знакомства /связи/ в обществе
5. 1) лицо, с которым имеются (деловые) связиI learned of it from information given to me by one of our contacts - я узнал об этом от лица, с которым мы связаны
2) связник ( разведчика)6. передатчик инфекции, бациллоноситель7. разг. см. contact lens8. спец. касание9. спец. контакт, связьto make [to break] contact - эл. включать [выключать] ток [см. тж. 1]
10. хим. катализатор2. [ʹkɒntækt] a1. контактныйcontact mine - воен. а) самовзрывной фугас; б) контактная мина; ударная мина
contact rail - ж.-д. контактный рельс, третий рельс
contact print - фото контактная печать
2. ав. визуальный3. [ʹkɒntækt] adv ав.contact flight - полёт с визуальной ориентировкой; полёт по наземным ориентирам
визуально4. [ʹkɒntækt,kənʹtækt] v1. быть в контакте, в соприкосновении; (со)прикасаться2. 1) войти в контакт, в соприкосновение2) приводить в контакт, в соприкосновение3. 1) устанавливать связь (по телефону, телеграфу)2) связатьсяhe succeeded in contacting the secretary - ему удалось связаться с секретарём
for full information contact your travel agency - за получением подробных сведений обращайтесь в бюро путешествий
4. разг.1) установить деловые связи2) завести связи, знакомства в обществе5. эл., ав. включать -
35 AS
1) Общая лексика: англосаксонский2) Компьютерная техника: Activity Start, Amateur Satellite3) Биология: ammoniacal silver4) Авиация: accomplishment summary, aerospatiale, auto stabilization5) Медицина: aortic stenosis (стеноз аортального клапана)6) Латинский язык: Anno Societatis7) Военный термин: Aerial Surveillance, Air Service, Air Staff, Air Surveillance, Armed Services, Armed Services Committee, Army Security, Army Staff, Assault Shotgun, FAADC2I Simplified Handheld Terminal Unit, admiral superintendent, aerospace studies, air speed, air station, air superiority, air support, air-to-surface, ammunition storage, ammunition store, angle of sight, antenna site, apprentice seaman, area surveillance, arm of service, armament supplies, armor school, armored shop, army surplus, arsenal section, assistant secretary, atomic strike, automatic switching, Access System (JOPES)8) Техника: Automatically Switching, acquisition sensor, action statement, adaptive system, aerial shot, air glow spectrum, air supply, air-seasoned, alto-stratus, ampere-second, angle shot, anisotropic semiconductor, antenna systems, antisubmarine search, arithmetically symmetrical, asdic search, astronomical spectroscopy, atmosphere and space, audio sensitivity, auto sequential, automatic search, Австралийский стандарт (Australian Standard)9) Сельское хозяйство: astigmatic10) Шутливое выражение: After Sperry11) Химия: Ammonium Sulphate12) Математика: почти наверное (almost sure)13) Юридический термин: Alaska Statute, Alaska Statutes14) Коммерция: anticipated sales15) Экономика: aggregate supply16) Грубое выражение: Absolutely Stupid17) Оптика: angular sensitivity18) Политика: Australia19) Телекоммуникации: Autonomous System, Application System (SNA, APPN)20) Сокращение: Acquisition Strategy, Advanced Sensors, Aeronautical Standard, Air Search, Aircraft Standard, Aircraft Survivability, Airlift Squadron, Anglo-Saxon, Anti-Spoofing, Anti-Submarine, Assamese, Australia (NATO country code), Automatic Sprinkler, Submarine Tender (USA), airscoop, airspeed, ammeter switch, antisubmarine, artificial satellite, Academy of Science, aortic stenosis, (USN Rating) Aviation Support Equipment Technician, ATM Switch, Aanstaande, Abandon Ship, Ablaufsprache (German: Sequential Function Chart), Abstract Syntax, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), Access Stratum (3GPP), Access System, Acquisition/Application System, Acrylonitrile Styrene, Action Script (scripting language used in flash, similar to Java), Activesync (Microsoft software), Activity Start (ITU-T), Acute Sinusitis, Adam Sandler (actor), Additional Shift (used on overtime forms), Additive Solution (preservative to extend life of red blood cells), Address Strobe, Administrative Simplification, Administrative Site, Administrative Support, Administrative System (Bellcore), Adopted Son, Adult Situations, Adult Swim (Cartoon Network programming block), Advanced Schottky, Advanced Server (Microsoft Windows), Advanced Subsidiary level (UK), Advanced Switching, Aeronautical Science (Flight Major), Aerospace Corporation, Aerospace Society, Aerospace Standards, Aes Sedai (Wheel of Time book series), Aft Shroud, After-Sales Service, AfterStep (Window Manager for X), Agency Services, Agent Society (International Society on Intelligent Agent Technologies), Aggregate Subbase (construction), Aggregate Supply (economics), Aggressor Squadron, Agrarian System, Air Sampling (station), Air Sealed, Air Seasoned Timber, Airfield Services, Aksje Selskap (Norwegian: Limited Company), Alarm Surveillance, Alaska Airlines, Inc., Alaska (IATA airline code), Alessandro Scarlatti (classical composer), Alignment Signal (ITU-T), Alka-Seltzer, All Source, All Star (sports), All Stars (Disney resort), Allowance Standard, Alpha Smart (electronic keyboard), Alto Saxophone, Altostratus (cloud formation), American Samoa (US postal abbreviation), American Singles, Amino Salicylic Acid, Ammunition Specialist, Ampere Sensor, Ampere Switch, Anaerobic Seeder, Anakin Skywalker (Star Wars Character), Anal Seepage, Analog Switch, Analysis Subsystem, Anatolian Studies, Ancillary Services, Angel Sanctuary (Manga), Angelman Syndrome, Angle Slam (wrestling finishing move), Angled Single, Ankylosing Spondylitis (chronic inflammatory form of arthritis affecting the spine), Anno Satanas, Annual Summary, Anonim Sirketi (Turkish: Joint Stock Company), Anonymous Sender, Another Subject, Answer Supervision, Anti Static, Anti Surge (type of electric fuse), Anti Sweat, Anti-Scintillation, Anti-Social, Antichrist Superstar (Marilyn Manson album), Aperture Stop, AppleScript, AppleShare, Applicability Statement, Application Software (NEC), Application System, Applied Science, Approaches Standards (school grading system), Aqueous Solution, Archive Server, Area Security, Area Source, Area Supervisor (FAA ARTCC Area Supervisor 1 or more Sector Suites), Arme'e du Salut (Salvation Army), Arnold Schwarzenegger (body builder, actor, politician), Arsenal Ship, Articulation Score, Artificial Stupidity, As Stated, Asbestos Survey, Ascent Stage, Asian Sensation, Asperger Syndrome (Asperger's Disorder), Aspheric Subassembly, Assassin/Assassination, Assault Support, Assault at Selonia (Star Wars novel), Assigned (Telabs), Assistant Referee (Soccer), Associate in Science, Associate of Science, Associated Students, Associated Support, Associazione Sportiva (Italian: sports club), Athletics (Oakland baseball team), Attachment Sheet, Audioslave (band), Auger Spectroscopy, Auris Sinister (Latin: Left Ear), Austin Servers (online gaming community), Australia (including Ashmore, Cartier & Coral Sea Islands), Australian Shepherd (dog breed), Australian Standard, Authentication Server, Authentication Service, Author Space (webcomic), Authorization Subsystem, Automation Specialist, Autonomous System (ATM), Autosavants.com (car enthusiasts), Auxiliary Steam, Auxiliary Submarine, Aviation Safety, Complex Antenna, Submarine Tender, Wait (logging abbreviation), analog secure (US DoD), aviation ship (US DoD), active substance21) Физиология: Anal sphincter, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Arteriosclerosis, Auris Sinistra (left Ear)22) Вычислительная техника: Architectural Simulator, add-subtract, automated software distribution, Authentication Service (DCE), Autonomous System (IP, Internet, RFC 1930), Advanced Server (MS, Windows, NT), (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) Advanced Server (RedHat, Linux), архитектурный имитатор23) Нефть: absorption spectroscopy, after shot, anhydrite stringer, после перфорирования, после торпедирования (after shot), пропласток ангидрита (anhydrite seam), Array Sonic24) Связь: Access Switch / Access Server25) Банковское дело: по предъявлении (after sight)26) Деловая лексика: Allocation Status, после предъявления (after sight), отчёт о продаже товара (account sales)27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: amine sewer (system), (LSS) array sonic (long-spaced sonic), (LSS) многозондовый акустический каротаж (с большим радиусом исследования), (WFT) array sonic (full waveform tool)28) Образование: American Standard Code for Safety Glazing Materials29) Инвестиции: after sight30) Сетевые технологии: Add Subnet, Appliance Server, Application Server, сервер приложений, (autonomus system) АС (автономная система) (объединение сетей с одинаковой маршрутизационной политикой и общей администрацией; состоит из одной или нескольких систем), (autonomus system) автономная система (АС)31) Полимеры: American standard32) Программирование: Add Sideways33) Автоматика: Automation System (система автоматизации)34) Контроль качества: aerospace standard35) Макаров: active space, активные пространства, (active space) активное пространство36) Золотодобыча: Alex Stewart Assayers, компания Alex Stewart Assayers (AS)37) Расширение файла: Autonomous System (Internet)38) Электротехника: amperemeter switch39) США: American Samoa40) Программное обеспечение: Advanced Solutions -
36 As
1) Общая лексика: англосаксонский2) Компьютерная техника: Activity Start, Amateur Satellite3) Биология: ammoniacal silver4) Авиация: accomplishment summary, aerospatiale, auto stabilization5) Медицина: aortic stenosis (стеноз аортального клапана)6) Латинский язык: Anno Societatis7) Военный термин: Aerial Surveillance, Air Service, Air Staff, Air Surveillance, Armed Services, Armed Services Committee, Army Security, Army Staff, Assault Shotgun, FAADC2I Simplified Handheld Terminal Unit, admiral superintendent, aerospace studies, air speed, air station, air superiority, air support, air-to-surface, ammunition storage, ammunition store, angle of sight, antenna site, apprentice seaman, area surveillance, arm of service, armament supplies, armor school, armored shop, army surplus, arsenal section, assistant secretary, atomic strike, automatic switching, Access System (JOPES)8) Техника: Automatically Switching, acquisition sensor, action statement, adaptive system, aerial shot, air glow spectrum, air supply, air-seasoned, alto-stratus, ampere-second, angle shot, anisotropic semiconductor, antenna systems, antisubmarine search, arithmetically symmetrical, asdic search, astronomical spectroscopy, atmosphere and space, audio sensitivity, auto sequential, automatic search, Австралийский стандарт (Australian Standard)9) Сельское хозяйство: astigmatic10) Шутливое выражение: After Sperry11) Химия: Ammonium Sulphate12) Математика: почти наверное (almost sure)13) Юридический термин: Alaska Statute, Alaska Statutes14) Коммерция: anticipated sales15) Экономика: aggregate supply16) Грубое выражение: Absolutely Stupid17) Оптика: angular sensitivity18) Политика: Australia19) Телекоммуникации: Autonomous System, Application System (SNA, APPN)20) Сокращение: Acquisition Strategy, Advanced Sensors, Aeronautical Standard, Air Search, Aircraft Standard, Aircraft Survivability, Airlift Squadron, Anglo-Saxon, Anti-Spoofing, Anti-Submarine, Assamese, Australia (NATO country code), Automatic Sprinkler, Submarine Tender (USA), airscoop, airspeed, ammeter switch, antisubmarine, artificial satellite, Academy of Science, aortic stenosis, (USN Rating) Aviation Support Equipment Technician, ATM Switch, Aanstaande, Abandon Ship, Ablaufsprache (German: Sequential Function Chart), Abstract Syntax, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), Access Stratum (3GPP), Access System, Acquisition/Application System, Acrylonitrile Styrene, Action Script (scripting language used in flash, similar to Java), Activesync (Microsoft software), Activity Start (ITU-T), Acute Sinusitis, Adam Sandler (actor), Additional Shift (used on overtime forms), Additive Solution (preservative to extend life of red blood cells), Address Strobe, Administrative Simplification, Administrative Site, Administrative Support, Administrative System (Bellcore), Adopted Son, Adult Situations, Adult Swim (Cartoon Network programming block), Advanced Schottky, Advanced Server (Microsoft Windows), Advanced Subsidiary level (UK), Advanced Switching, Aeronautical Science (Flight Major), Aerospace Corporation, Aerospace Society, Aerospace Standards, Aes Sedai (Wheel of Time book series), Aft Shroud, After-Sales Service, AfterStep (Window Manager for X), Agency Services, Agent Society (International Society on Intelligent Agent Technologies), Aggregate Subbase (construction), Aggregate Supply (economics), Aggressor Squadron, Agrarian System, Air Sampling (station), Air Sealed, Air Seasoned Timber, Airfield Services, Aksje Selskap (Norwegian: Limited Company), Alarm Surveillance, Alaska Airlines, Inc., Alaska (IATA airline code), Alessandro Scarlatti (classical composer), Alignment Signal (ITU-T), Alka-Seltzer, All Source, All Star (sports), All Stars (Disney resort), Allowance Standard, Alpha Smart (electronic keyboard), Alto Saxophone, Altostratus (cloud formation), American Samoa (US postal abbreviation), American Singles, Amino Salicylic Acid, Ammunition Specialist, Ampere Sensor, Ampere Switch, Anaerobic Seeder, Anakin Skywalker (Star Wars Character), Anal Seepage, Analog Switch, Analysis Subsystem, Anatolian Studies, Ancillary Services, Angel Sanctuary (Manga), Angelman Syndrome, Angle Slam (wrestling finishing move), Angled Single, Ankylosing Spondylitis (chronic inflammatory form of arthritis affecting the spine), Anno Satanas, Annual Summary, Anonim Sirketi (Turkish: Joint Stock Company), Anonymous Sender, Another Subject, Answer Supervision, Anti Static, Anti Surge (type of electric fuse), Anti Sweat, Anti-Scintillation, Anti-Social, Antichrist Superstar (Marilyn Manson album), Aperture Stop, AppleScript, AppleShare, Applicability Statement, Application Software (NEC), Application System, Applied Science, Approaches Standards (school grading system), Aqueous Solution, Archive Server, Area Security, Area Source, Area Supervisor (FAA ARTCC Area Supervisor 1 or more Sector Suites), Arme'e du Salut (Salvation Army), Arnold Schwarzenegger (body builder, actor, politician), Arsenal Ship, Articulation Score, Artificial Stupidity, As Stated, Asbestos Survey, Ascent Stage, Asian Sensation, Asperger Syndrome (Asperger's Disorder), Aspheric Subassembly, Assassin/Assassination, Assault Support, Assault at Selonia (Star Wars novel), Assigned (Telabs), Assistant Referee (Soccer), Associate in Science, Associate of Science, Associated Students, Associated Support, Associazione Sportiva (Italian: sports club), Athletics (Oakland baseball team), Attachment Sheet, Audioslave (band), Auger Spectroscopy, Auris Sinister (Latin: Left Ear), Austin Servers (online gaming community), Australia (including Ashmore, Cartier & Coral Sea Islands), Australian Shepherd (dog breed), Australian Standard, Authentication Server, Authentication Service, Author Space (webcomic), Authorization Subsystem, Automation Specialist, Autonomous System (ATM), Autosavants.com (car enthusiasts), Auxiliary Steam, Auxiliary Submarine, Aviation Safety, Complex Antenna, Submarine Tender, Wait (logging abbreviation), analog secure (US DoD), aviation ship (US DoD), active substance21) Физиология: Anal sphincter, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Arteriosclerosis, Auris Sinistra (left Ear)22) Вычислительная техника: Architectural Simulator, add-subtract, automated software distribution, Authentication Service (DCE), Autonomous System (IP, Internet, RFC 1930), Advanced Server (MS, Windows, NT), (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) Advanced Server (RedHat, Linux), архитектурный имитатор23) Нефть: absorption spectroscopy, after shot, anhydrite stringer, после перфорирования, после торпедирования (after shot), пропласток ангидрита (anhydrite seam), Array Sonic24) Связь: Access Switch / Access Server25) Банковское дело: по предъявлении (after sight)26) Деловая лексика: Allocation Status, после предъявления (after sight), отчёт о продаже товара (account sales)27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: amine sewer (system), (LSS) array sonic (long-spaced sonic), (LSS) многозондовый акустический каротаж (с большим радиусом исследования), (WFT) array sonic (full waveform tool)28) Образование: American Standard Code for Safety Glazing Materials29) Инвестиции: after sight30) Сетевые технологии: Add Subnet, Appliance Server, Application Server, сервер приложений, (autonomus system) АС (автономная система) (объединение сетей с одинаковой маршрутизационной политикой и общей администрацией; состоит из одной или нескольких систем), (autonomus system) автономная система (АС)31) Полимеры: American standard32) Программирование: Add Sideways33) Автоматика: Automation System (система автоматизации)34) Контроль качества: aerospace standard35) Макаров: active space, активные пространства, (active space) активное пространство36) Золотодобыча: Alex Stewart Assayers, компания Alex Stewart Assayers (AS)37) Расширение файла: Autonomous System (Internet)38) Электротехника: amperemeter switch39) США: American Samoa40) Программное обеспечение: Advanced Solutions -
37 DASA
1) Авиация: Deutsche Aerospace2) Военный термин: DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG, direct air support area, Defense Atomic Support Agency (US)3) Бухгалтерия: Disabled Adults Social Activities4) Сокращение: DaimlerChrysler Aerospace, Defence Analytical Services Agency, Defense Atomic Support Agency (USA)5) Университет: Direct Admission Of Students Abroad6) Вычислительная техника: Dial Access Stacking Architecture7) Космонавтика: Daimler-Benz Aerospace (Germany)8) Океанография: Defense Atomic Support Agency9) Химическое оружие: Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army -
38 SD
1) Компьютерная техника: Saving The Data, Scattered Disk, Scsi Device, Scsi Disk, Semi Discrete, Single Data, Sorted Directory, Spool Directory, Submitted Data2) Биология: Doctor of Science, segregation distorter3) Медицина: исследуемый препарат (study drug), Sclerosis Disseminata (Рассеянный Склероз, лат., иногда употребляется как аббревиатура, заменяющая РС, MS), Stable Disease (стабилизация заболевания, употребляется в онкологии как вариант ответа на лечение), standard deviation (стандартное отклонение), source documents (первичная документация -- термин используется в клинических исследованиях, это документация, имеющая отношение к пациенту-участнику клинического исследования), первичная документация (source documents)4) Американизм: Submittal Description5) Спорт: Sun Dome6) Военный термин: Secretary of Defense, Security Division, Senior Director, Solicitation Document, Space Director, Standard Displacement, Standby Distribution, Strategic Command Directive, Submarine Dutch, Synchronization Directorate, Systems Directorate, safety destructor, salvage depot, sample data, search depth, secret document, self-destroying, self-destruct, separation date, service depot, service document, service dress, severe damage, shell-destroying, short delay, short delivery, short duration, site defence, situation display, skin dose, space division, special delivery, special designation, special document, special duty, specification for design, staff duties, staff duty, standard dress, standardization data, standardization directory, storage depot, stores depot, straight duty, study director, supply depot, support detachment, support directive, support document, surveillance drone, survival dose, system demonstration, system description, systems development7) Техника: Schottky diode, Super Duraluminum, sample delay, scram discharge, selenium diode, semi-diameter, service delay, shutdown, signal-to-distortion, slow-down relay, source-drain, spectral distribution, standard drawing, standards development, station directive, stores department, submarine detector, supply duct, system deployment8) Сельское хозяйство: swine dysentery9) Математика: среднеквадратическое отклонение (standard deviation)10) Метеорология: A Specific Duty, Single Droplet11) Юридический термин: Self Defense12) Статистика: Second Difference13) Биржевой термин: Supplementary Deposit14) Грубое выражение: Shit Drawing, Stupid Dick, Super Dumb15) География: Южная Дакота (штат США)16) Металлургия: Splitter Damper, soft-drawn17) Политика: Sardinia (Sardegna)18) Телекоммуникации: Starting Delimiter (LAN), Standard Definition19) Сокращение: Saco Defense Inc. (USA), Security Domains, Self Destruct, Service Dress (UK), Sindhi, Social Democrat, South Dakota (US state), South Dakota, Space Division (USAF), Spatial Disorientation, Special Duties, State Department, Stepfamily Day, Sudan, shower drain, standard deviation, Standardization Document, Start Delimiter20) Физиология: Shoulder Disarticulation, Sterile dressing, Subdural21) Фото: портативная флеш-карта памяти, использующаяся в цифровых фотоаппаратах, мобильных телефонах и т. д. (Secure Digital Memory Card)22) Электроника: San Disk, Sound Dampened, Square-law Detector, Static Dissipation, Synchronous Detector, Synchronous Dynamic23) Вычислительная техника: super density, Structured Design (CASE), Starting Delimiter (FDDI, Token Ring), Secure Digital (card), Super Density (disk, CD, Toshiba, Time Warner), Self-Describing (file, HP), single density, одинарная плотность24) Нефть: sand, shirttail damage, shut down, strata dip, демонстрационные испытания системы (system demonstration), документ по стандартизации (standardization document)25) Картография: side of drain26) Банковское дело: вексель на предъявителя (sight draft)27) Транспорт: Sport Deck, Super Drive28) Пищевая промышленность: Senior Dinner, Specially Denatured29) Фирменный знак: Sterling Diamond30) Деловая лексика: Shady Deal, Software Development31) Бурение: sandstone32) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Sustainable Development, Государственная Дума (State Duma), (MF) Sustainable Development (Shell; Management Framework)33) Образование: Sales And Distribution, School District, Source To Destination34) Инвестиции: sight draft35) Сетевые технологии: Same Domain, Session Directory, посылка данных36) Полимеры: solid-drawn, stream day37) Программирование: Selective Default38) Сахалин Р: State Duma39) Макаров: spectral density40) Безопасность: Secure Data, Secure Digital, Self Delete41) Расширение файла: Send Data, Sound (Entropic Sound Data format)42) Нефть и газ: smoke detector43) Антарктика: Стандартное отклонение44) Фантастика Star Delta45) Имена и фамилии: Steve Dagley46) Бокс: спорное решение (судей) (Split decision)47) Должность: Senior Deacon, Somewhat Dependable, Sound Designer, Space Detective48) Чат: Super Duper49) Правительство: San Diego, California50) НАСА: Small Dual In-line Package, Structured Design51) Федеральное бюро расследований: San Diego Field Office52) AMEX. Sketch Dimension53) Комиксы: super-deforme -
39 SJS
1) Медицина: Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome2) Военный термин: Secretary, Joint Staff, search jam system3) Религия: Shine Jesus Shine!, St. John's School, St. John's Seminary, St. Joseph School4) Музыка: Smooth Jazz Sampler, String Jazz Site5) Университет: Social Justice Scholars, Student Judicial Services6) Школьное выражение: St. James/ Seton School7) Иммунология: Stevens- Johnson Syndrome -
40 SW
1) Общая лексика: переводимое слово, слово на языке исходного текста перевода, слово на языке оригинала, source word2) Компьютерная техника: Single Wait3) Авиация: ДКМВ (радиодиапазон)5) Американизм: Secret Weapon6) Спорт: Stakes Winners7) Военный термин: Special Weapons, Starlight Warriors, Surface Warfare, Swedish Warlord, security watch, security wing, security writing, signals warfare, small warship, software, special warfare, special weapon, strategic warfare, strategic weapon, strategic wing8) Техника: Sky Wagon, Socket Weld, Weinberg-Salam model, series winding, service water, short waves, side wall, space weapon, standing wave9) Химия: Solvent Water10) Железнодорожный термин: Southwestern Railroad Company11) Грубое выражение: Shitty Wigger12) Металлургия: stud welding13) Политика: Sweden14) Сокращение: Secretary of War, Shallow Water (mine-detection), South-West, Strategic Wing (USAF), SuperWorld, Surface Wave, Swahili, Sweden (NATO country code), shock wave, short-wave, single weight, southwest, spot-weld, swash, switchband wound (relay), softwood (хвойный)15) Физиология: Stab wound, Swollen, Swelling16) Электроника: Sandwich Wound17) Вычислительная техника: shareware, ПО (программное обеспечение)18) Нефть: salt wash, seawater, sidewall, spiral weld, боковой отбор керна (side wall), спиральный сварной шов (spiral weld), промывка солёной водой (salt wash), солёная вода (salt water)19) Картография: south-western20) Транспорт: Single Wheel, Station Wagon, Super Wide21) Пищевая промышленность: Slime Worm22) Фирменный знак: Shapiro Weber, Smith And Waterman, Sony Worldwide, Stewart Warner23) Деловая лексика: Strength Weakness, Sweatshop Watch24) Бурение: saltwater, боковой (sidewall; отбор керна), юго-запад (southwest)25) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: приварной враструб26) Образование: Small Wonders27) Сетевые технологии: блок переключателей, переключатель28) Полимеры: specific weight29) Программирование: Set Word, Single Word, Store Word30) Океанография: Saturated Warm31) Химическое оружие: Solid waste32) Авиационная медицина: simulated weightlessness33) Интернет: Семантическая паутина, Semantic Web34) Расширение файла: Signed Word Audio file35) Нефть и газ: switch gear36) Каспий: shallow water37) Фантастика Star Wars38) Имена и фамилии: Stanislaw Wladyslaw39) Hi-Fi. коротковолновый диапазон радиовещания с частотами от 5, 5 МГц до 27 МГц40) Должность: Semi Works, Social Worker41) Чат: Some Wouldn't42) NYSE. Stone & Webster, Inc.43) НАСА: Super Wobbling44) Программное обеспечение: Standard Works45) СМС: So What?
См. также в других словарях:
social secretary — noun count someone whose job is to organize social activities for an important person or an organization: The Mayor has her own social secretary … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
social secretary — n. a secretary employed by an individual to handle his or her social appointments and correspondence … English World dictionary
social secretary — noun a personal secretary who handles your social correspondence and appointments • Hypernyms: ↑secretary, ↑secretarial assistant * * * ˌsocial ˈsecretary 7 [social secretary] noun the person who organizes social activities for an organization or … Useful english dictionary
social secretary — UK / US noun [countable] Word forms social secretary : singular social secretary plural social secretaries someone whose job is to organize social activities for an important person or an organization The Mayor has her own social secretary … English dictionary
social secretary — noun Date: 1903 a personal secretary employed to handle social correspondence and appointments … New Collegiate Dictionary
social secretary — a personal secretary employed to make social appointments and handle personal correspondence. [1900 05] * * * … Universalium
social secretary — so′cial sec′retary n. bus a personal secretary employed to make social appointments and handle personal correspondence • Etymology: 1900–05 … From formal English to slang
social secretary — noun a person who arranges the social activities of a person or organization … English new terms dictionary
White House Social Secretary — The White House Social Secretary is responsible for the planning, coordination and execution of official social events at the White House, the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. The Social Secretary… … Wikipedia
secretary — n. administrative assistant 1) a corresponding; executive; personal; press; recording; social secretary 2) a private secretary (AE; BE has personal assistant) 3) a secretary of, to company official (BE) 4) a company secretary officer supervising… … Combinatory dictionary
social — adj. & n. adj. 1 of or relating to society or its organization. 2 concerned with the mutual relations of human beings or of classes of human beings. 3 living in organized communities; unfitted for a solitary life (man is a social animal). 4 a… … Useful english dictionary