-
21 gracious
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
22 kind
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
23 kindly
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
24 mellow
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
25 mild
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
26 nice
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
27 obliging
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
28 placid
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
29 pleasant
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
30 pretty
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
31 soft
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
32 sweet
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
33 thoughtful
لَطِيف \ beautiful: full of beauty. courteous: polite. dainty: pretty, neat, light, but not strong (girl, flower, cup, etc.). darling: delightful: What a darling little animal!. dear: sweet; fit to be loved: What a dear little girl!. decent: pleasant: John is a very decent fellow. delicate: tender; careful not to hurt: delicate treatment. gentle: kind; not rough; not violent: a gentle nature; a gentle push. good: pleasing: good news; a good film, kind It was good of you to help us. graceful: showing grace of movement: She has a graceful figure. He dances gracefully. gracious: polite, kind and pleasant. kind: gentle; friendly; helpful: Always be kind to children. it was kind of you to invite me. kindly: kind: a kindly old lady. lovely: pleasant: We had a lovely time. mellow: made soft, sweet or gentle by age (colours, wine, people, etc.): a mellow voice. mild: (of weather in winter) not cold or stormy; (of people) gentle and quiet in manner; (of illness) not serious; (of words and actions) gentle: a mild attack of fever; a mild punishment. nice: pleasant: a nice day (a fine day); a nice time (an enjoyable time); nice clothes (pleasing and of good quality); nice food (with a pleasant taste). obliging: helpful, in a willing way: an obliging shopkeeper. placid: calm by nature; not easily excited. pleasant: pleasing; satisfying; nice; friendly: a pleasant taste; a pleasant companion. pretty: beautiful or pleasing in a simple way: a pretty girl; a pretty dress. soft: (of winds, etc.) gentle. sweet: pleasant: a sweet smell; a sweet smile; a sweet little girl (pretty and charming). thoughtful: kind; considering the needs or feelings or other people: It was thoughtful of you to visit me in hospital \ See Also مهذب (مُهَذَّب)، ممتع (مُمْتِع)، بهيج (بَهيج)، جميل (جَمِيل)، ظريف (ظَرِيف)، خفيف (خَفيف)، جذاب (جذَّاب)، سار (سَارّ)، مراع لشعور الآخرين (مُراعٍ لِشعورِ الآخرين) -
34 faire
faire [fεʀ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━➭ TABLE 60━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque faire est suivi d'un nom dans une locution comme faire une faute, se faire des idées, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque faire est utilisé pour parler d'une activité non précisée, ou qu'il remplace un verbe plus spécifique, il se traduit par to do. Lorsque faire veut dire créer, préparer, fabriquer, il se traduit souvent par to make.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• que fais-tu ce soir ? what are you doing tonight?• que voulez-vous qu'on y fasse ? what can be done about it?• faire 100 km/h to do 100km/h• je n'en ferai rien ! I'll do nothing of the sort!► faire de ( = utiliser) to do with• qu'avez-vous fait de votre sac ? what have you done with your bag?► ne faire quec. ( = créer, préparer, fabriquer) to maked. ( = constituer) c'est ce qui fait tout son charme that's what makes him so charming• faire du piano/du violon to play the piano/the violing. (Medicine) [+ diabète, attaque] to haveh. ( = chercher dans) il a fait toute la ville pour en trouver he's been all over town looking for somei. ( = vendre) nous ne faisons pas cette marque we don't stock that make• je vous le fais à 700 € I'll let you have it for 700 eurosj. ( = mesurer, peser, coûter) to be• combien fait cette chaise ? how much is this chair?• ça fait 130 € that's 130 euros• cela fait combien en tout ? how much is that altogether?k. ( = agir sur, importer) ils ne peuvent rien me faire they can't do anything to me• on ne me la fait pas à moi ! (inf) I wasn't born yesterday!• qu'est-ce que cela peut bien te faire ? what's it to you?• cela ne vous ferait rien de sortir ? would you mind leaving the room?• ne fais pas l'enfant/l'idiot don't be so childish/so stupid• tu fais l'arbitre ? will you be referee?• quel imbécile je fais ! what a fool I am!n. ( = dire) to say• « vraiment ? » fit-il "really?" he saido. (Grammar) « canal » fait »canaux » au pluriel the plural of "canal" is "canaux"2. <• as-tu payé la note ? -- non, c'est lui qui l'a fait did you pay the bill? -- no, he did• puis-je téléphoner ? -- faites, je vous en prie could I use the phone? -- yes, of courseb. ( = agir) faire vite to act quickly• faites vite ! be quick!c. ( = paraître) to look3. <► il fait━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► cela or ça fait... que• cela fait très longtemps que je ne l'ai pas vu I haven't seen him for a very long time it's a long time since I saw him• ça fait que... that means...4. <a. ( = pousser à) to make• faire faire qch par qn to get sth made (or done) by sb• faire faire qch à qn to get sb to do (or to make) sth ; (en le forçant) to make sb do (or make) sthc. ( = laisser) faire entrer qn (qn que l'on attendait) to let sb in ; (qn que l'on n'attendait pas) to ask sb in5. <► se fairea. (pour soi)b. ( = être fait) si ça doit se faire, ça se fera sans moi if it's going to happen, it'll happen without mec. ( = être convenable, courant) ça se fait d'offrir des fleurs à un homme ? is it OK to give flowers to a man?d. (locutions)• se faire beau to make o.s. look nice• sa voix se fit plus douce his voice became softer► se faire + infinitif• faut se le faire ! (inf!) he's a real pain in the neck! (inf)► se faire à ( = s'habituer à) to get used to• il ne s'en fait pas ! he's got a nerve!► il se fait que• comment se fait-il qu'il soit absent ? how come he's not here? (inf)* * *fɛʀ
1.
1) ( produire) to make2) ( façonner) to shape [histoire, période]3) ( étudier) to do [licence, sujet]faire du violon — to study ou play the violin
4) ( préparer) to make [soupe, thé]; to prepare [salade]5) ( nettoyer) to do, to clean [vitres]; to clean, to polish [chaussures]7) ( cultiver)faire des céréales — [personne] to grow ou do cereals; [région] to produce cereals
8) ( se fournir en)faire de l'eau — Nautisme, Chemin de Fer to take on water
faire (de) l'essence — (colloq) Automobile to get petrol GB ou gas US
9) ( parcourir) to do [distance, trajet]; to go round [magasins, agences]; ( visiter) to do (colloq) [région, musées]10) ( souffrir de) to have [diabète, tension, complexe]11) ( demander un prix)faire quelque chose à 30 francs — to sell something for 30 francs, to charge 30 francs for something
12) ( servir de) to serve as13) (user, disposer de) to doje n'en ai rien à faire — (colloq) I couldn't care less
14) ( avoir un effet)que veux-tu que j'y fasse? — what do you want me to do about it?, what am I supposed to do about it?
ça y fait — (colloq) it has an effect
pour ce que ça fait! — (colloq) for all the good it does!
qu'est-ce que ça peut bien te faire? — (colloq) what is it to you?
15) (entraîner, causer)l'explosion a fait 12 morts — the explosion killed 12 people, the explosion left 12 people dead
ça ne fait rien! — ( pas grave) it doesn't matter!
ça fait ou ce qui fait que j'ai oublié — (colloq) as a result I forgot
16) ( transformer) to makefaire d'un garage un atelier — to make ou turn a garage into a workshop
17) ( proclamer)18) ( imiter)19) ( tenir le rôle de) to be20) ( dans un souhait)mon Dieu, faites qu'il réussisse! — God, please let him succeed!
21) (colloq) ( tromper)22) ( dire) to say‘bien sûr,’ fit-elle — ‘of course,’ she said
le canard fait ‘coin-coin’ — the duck says ou goes ‘quack’
2.
verbe intransitif1) ( agir) to do, to actvas-y, mais fais vite! — go, but be quick about it!
fais comme chez toi — lit, iron make yourself at home
2) ( paraître) to look3) (colloq) ( être) to be4) ( durer) to last5) ( valoir)6) ( pour les besoins naturels) to go7) (colloq)faire avec — ( se contenter de) to make do with; ( supporter) to put up with
3.
se faire verbe pronominal1)combien se fait-il (colloq) par mois? — how much does he make a month?
2) ( devenir) to get, to become3) ( se rendre)4) ( s'inquiéter)il ne s'en fait pas! — ( sans inquiétude) he's not the sort of person to worry about things!; ( pas gêné) he's got a nerve!
5) ( s'habituer)se faire à — to get used to [lieu, situation, idée]
6) ( être d'usage)7) ( être à la mode) to be in (fashion)ça ne se fait plus — it's no longer fashionable, it's out of fashion
8) ( être produit)9) ( emploi impersonnel)comment se fait-il que...? — how is it that...?
10) [fromage] to ripen; [vin] to mature11) (colloq)il faut se le faire, son copain! — his/her mate is a real pain! (colloq)
12) ( avec infinitif)
••
Un très grand nombre de tournures et locutions contenant ce verbe sont traitées ailleurs, généralement sous le terme qui suit faire, en particulier- les expressions décrivant les tâches domestiques, agricoles (faire la cuisine/moisson), les occupations manuelles (faire du tricot/bricolage), les activités professionnelles ou de loisir (faire du théâtre/de la photo), les types d'études ( faire médecine). Pour ce qui est des jeux, sports et loisirs, voir également la note d'usage correspondante- les locutions décrivant un mouvement, l'expression, un comportement (faire un geste/une grimace/le pitre)- les expressions dans lesquelles faire signifie ‘formuler’ (faire une promesse/offre etc)- les expressions décrivant la qualité de la lumière (il fait jour/sombre) ou l'état du temps- les expressions contenant une mesure (faire 20 mètres de long/15 kilos/20°/15 kilomètres à l'heure etc) pour lesquelles on consultera les notes d'usage- les expressions décrivant une démarche de l'esprit (se faire une opinion/du souci etc)- les expressions indiquant l'effet produit (faire peur/mal/plaisir/du tort etc, faire cuire/sécher/tomber etc)- les locutions telles que faire semblant/exprès, se faire avoir etc- une activité sportive (faire du tennis/de la marche/du parapente)la consultation des notes d'usage vous fournira des traductions utiles. Voir la listeEn outre, certaines entrées telles que combien, ce, que, comment, laisser, rien, mieux, bien etc fourniront également des traductions utilesTo make ou to do?Les principales traductions de faire sont to make et to do mais elles ne sont pas interchangeablesto make traduit faire + objet dénotant ce qui est créé, confectionné, composé, réalisé, obtenu; l'objet est le résultat de l'action: faire son lit/des confitures = to make one's bed/jam; faire un discours/une faute/un bénéfice = to make a speech/a mistake/a profit; je me suis fait un café = I made myself a coffeeto do a le sens plus vague de se livrer à une activité, s'occuper à quelque chose; l'objet peut préciser la nature de l'activité: faire de la recherche/un exercice/une réparation = to do research/an exercise/a repair job; faire son devoir = to do one's dutyou bien la nature de l'activité reste indéterminée: que fait-il (dans la vie)? = what does he do in life?; qu'est-ce que tu fais ce soir? = what are you doing tonight?; la science peut tout faire = science can do anything; j'ai à faire = I have things to doou encore le contexte suggère la nature de l'activité: faire une pièce = to do a room, peut vouloir dire la nettoyer, la ranger, la peindreSi faire remplace un verbe plus précis, on traduira fréquemment par celui-ci: faire une maison/un nid = to build a house/a nest; faire une lettre = to write a letter; faire une visite = to pay a visit; faire un numéro de téléphone = to dial a numberLes périphrases verbales sont parfois rendues par un seul verbe: faire voir (= montrer) = to show; faire du tissage (= tisser) = to weave, mais faire un peu de tissage = to do a bit of weavingFaire + infinitif + quelqu'unfaire + infinitive + quelqu'un, c'est-à-dire obtenir de quelqu'un qu'il agisse d'une certaine manière, se traduit selon le sens de faire, par: to make somebody do something (forcer, être cause que): fais-la lever = make her get up; ça m'a fait rire = it made me laugh; ça fait dormir = it makes you sleep; par to get somebody to do something (inciter): fais-leur prendre un rendez-vous = get them to make an appointment; par to help somebody to do something (aider): faire traverser la rue à un vieillard = to help an old man across the street; mais faire manger un bébé = to feed a child. Dans l'exemple ça fait dormir on notera qu'en anglais le sujet du verbe est toujours exprimé, ce qui n'est pas le cas en français(se) faire faire quelque chose (par quelqu'un) se traduit par to have something done ou made (by somebody), ou, dans une langue plus familière, to get something done ou made (by somebody): (se) faire construire une maison = to have a house built; faire réparer sa voiture = to have ou get one's car repaired; c'est la table qu'il a fait faire = it's the table he had made; elle fait exécuter les travaux par un ami = she's having the work done by a friendexprime soit la continuité: il ne fait que pleuvoir = it never stops raining, it rains all the timesoit la restriction: je ne fais qu'obéir aux ordres = I'm only obeying ordersDans ce cas il sera généralement traduit par to do: ‘je peux regarder? ’ - ‘faites ou faites je vous en prie ’ = ‘may I look?’ - ‘please do’; il souffla, comme il avait vu faire son père = he blew, as he had seen his father do; on veut que je parte, mais je n'en ferai rien = they want me to leave, but I'll do nothing of the sort* * *fɛʀ1. vt1) (= fabriquer) to makeIls font trop de bruit. — They're making too much noise.
2) (= effectuer) to dofaire la vaisselle — to do the dishes, to do the washing up
3) [études, sujet] to doIl fait de l'italien. — He's doing Italian.
4) (pratiquer régulièrement) [musique, rugby] to playIl fait du piano. — He plays the piano.
6) (= visiter)faire l'Europe — to tour Europe, to do Europe
7) (= imiter)8) (= mesurer, totaliser) to be, to make2 et 2 font 4. — 2 and 2 are 4., 2 and 2 make 4.
Ça fait 10 m. — It's 10 m.
Ça fait 15 euros. — It's 15 euros.
Ça fait cinquante-trois euros en tout. — That's fifty-three euros all together., That makes fifty-three euros all together.
Je vous le fais 10 euros. — I'll let you have it for 10 euros.
9) (= dire) to go"Vraiment?" fit-il. — "Really?" he goes.
10) (= souffrir de) [diabète, eczéma] to haveIl regrettait ce qu'il avait fait à son frère. — He was sorry for what he had done to his brother.
faire que (= impliquer que) — to mean that
ce qui fait que... — which means that...
ne faire que (= ne pas arrêter de) Il ne fait que critiquer. — All he ever does is criticize.
2. vi1) (= agir) to actIl faut faire vite. — We must act quickly., It's important to act quickly.
2) (= s'y prendre)comment a-t-il fait pour...? — how did he manage to...?
3) (= paraître) (avec adjectif) to lookTu fais jeune dans cette robe. — That dress makes you look younger.
4) (remplaçant autre verbe) to doNe le casse pas comme je l'ai fait. — Don't break it like I did.
Remets-le en place. - Je viens de le faire. — Put it back in its place.- I just did.
3. vb aux(suivi d'un infinitif) to makefaire tomber qch — to make sth fall, to knock sth over
Le chat a fait tomber le vase. — The cat knocked over the vase.
faire travailler les enfants — to make the children work, to get the children to work
faire réparer qch — to get sth repaired, to have sth repaired
Je dois faire réparer ma voiture. — I've got to get my car repaired.
Elle fait faire des travaux dans sa maison. — She's having some work done on her house.
Il a fait faire son portrait. — He's had his portrait done.
Cela fait faire des économies au consommateur. — This saves the consumer money.
4. vb impers (temps)to beEspérons qu'il fera beau demain. — Let's hope it'll be nice weather tomorrow.
1) (durée)ça fait trois ans qu'ils habitent à Paris — they've lived in Paris for three years, they've been living in Paris for three years
il fait bon; Il fait bon se promener dans cette région. — It's nice to go walking in this area.
Il ne fait pas bon traîner ici le soir. — It's not a good idea to hang around here at night.
* * *faire ⇒ Note d'usage verb table: faireA vtr1 (donner, émettre, produire) to make; le raisin fera un vin excellent the grapes will make ou produce (an) excellent wine; cet arbre fait des fleurs/baies this tree produces flowers/berries; le garage ferait une belle pièce the garage would make a nice room; ils font un beau couple they make a handsome couple; il fera un bon médecin he'll make a good doctor; les qualités qui font un champion the qualities which make a champion; trois et deux font cinq three and two make five; ça fait deux chacun that makes two each; combien font 13 fois 13? what's 13 times 13?; œil fait yeux au pluriel œil is yeux in the plural;2 fig ( façonner) to shape [période]; les événements qui font l'histoire events which shape history;3 ( étudier) to do [licence, diplôme]; on a fait la Chine en géographie we did China in geography; faire du violon to study ou play the violin; tu as fait ton piano? have you practised your piano?; faire une école de commerce/les Beaux-Arts to go to business school/art college;4 ( préparer) to make [sauce, soupe, thé]; to prepare [salade]; faire du poulet to do ou cook a chicken; qu'est-ce que je fais pour le déjeuner? what shall I cook ou prepare for lunch?;6 ( proposer) Comm to do [service, marque]; ( vendre) to do, to sell [article]; ils ne font pas le petit déjeuner/les réparations they don't do breakfast/repairs; je fais beaucoup ce modèle en ce moment I'm selling a lot of this particular model at the moment; l'hôtel fait-il restaurant? does the hotel do meals, does the hotel have a restaurant?;7 (cultiver, produire) Agric faire des céréales [personne] to grow ou do cereals; [région] to produce cereals;8 ( se fournir en) faire de l'eau Naut, Rail to take on water; faire (de) l'essence○ Aut to get petrol GB ou gas US; faire du bois dans la forêt to gather wood in the forest; faire de l'herbe pour les bêtes to cut grass for the animals;9 ( parcourir) to do [distance, trajet]; to go round [magasins, agences]; ( visiter) to do○ [région, ville, musées]; faire 200 kilomètres to do 200 kilometresGB; faire Rome-Nice en avion to do the Rome-Nice journey by plane; représentant qui fait○ la région parisienne rep○ who does the Paris area; j'ai dû faire toute la ville/toutes les boutiques pour trouver ça I had to go all over town/round GB ou around US all the shops to find this; faire la vallée de la Loire to do○ the Loire Valley; faire l'Écosse to visit Scotland; j'ai fait tous les tiroirs mais je ne l'ai pas trouvé I went through all the drawers but I couldn't find it;10 ( dans le domaine de la santé) to have [diabète, tension, complexe]; faire une crise cardiaque to have a heart attack; faire de la fièvre○ to have ou run a temperature; faire de l'angine de poitrine to get angina; elle m'a encore fait une otite○! she's had another ear-infection!;11 ( demander un prix) faire qch à 30 euros to sell sth for 30 euros, to charge 30 euros for sth; il me l'a fait à 500 euros he charged me ou sold it to me for 500 euros;12 ( servir de) to serve as; ce coin fera bureau this corner will serve as a study;13 (user, disposer de) to do; que vais-je faire des bagages/enfants? what am I going to do with the luggage/children?; qu'as-tu fait du billet? what have you done with the ticket?; pour ce qu'elle en fait! for all she does with it/them!; pour quoi faire? what for?; je n'ai que faire de I have no need for; je n'en ai rien à faire it's nothing to do with me;14 ( avoir un effet) faire plus de mal que de bien to do more harm than good; qu'as-tu fait à ta sœur? what have you done to your sister?; que veux-tu que j'y fasse? what do you want me to do about it?, what am I supposed to do about it?; le cachet ne m'a rien fait the tablet didn't do anything, the tablet had no effect; ça y fait it has an effect; leur départ ne m'a rien fait their departure didn't affect me at all, their departure left me cold; ça me fait quelque chose de la voir dans cet état it upsets me to see her in that state; ça fait quelque chose pour la grippe? is it any good for flu?; pour ce que ça fait! for all the good it does!; ça ne vous fait rien que je fume? do you mind ou does it bother you if I smoke?; ça ne fait rien à la chose it doesn't alter ou change anything, it makes no difference; qu'est-ce que ça peut bien te faire? what is it to you?;15 (entraîner, causer) faire des jaloux to make some people jealous; ça a fait leur fortune it made them rich; l'explosion a fait 12 morts the explosion killed 12 people, the explosion left 12 people dead; ne t'inquiète pas, ça ne fait rien! don't worry, it doesn't matter!; ça fait ou ce qui fait que j'ai oublié○ as a result I forgot; ‘qu'est-ce que j'ai fait?’-‘tu as fait que tu as menti○’ ‘what have I done?’-‘you lied, that's what you've done’; faites que tout se passe bien make sure that all goes well;16 ( transformer) to make; l'armée en a fait un homme the army made a man of him; ils veulent en faire un avocat they want to make a lawyer of him; elle en a fait sa confidente she's made her her confidante; ça a fait de lui un révolté it turned him into a rebel, it made him a rebel; j'en ai fait un principe I made it a principle; faire d'un garage un atelier to make ou turn a garage into a workshop; faire sien qch to make sth one's own;17 ( proclamer) faire qn duc/général to make sb a duke/general; la presse l'a fait diplomate ( à tort) the press made him out to be a diplomat; ne le fais pas pire qu'il n'est! don't make him out to be worse than he is!, don't paint him blacker than he is!;18 ( imiter) faire le malade/le courageux to pretend to be ill/brave; faire l'ignorant or celui qui ne sait rien to pretend not to know; faire le dictateur to act the dictator;19 ( tenir le rôle de) to be; quel plaisantin vous faites! what a joker you are!; vous ferez les voleurs! Jeux you be the robbers!; l'acteur qui fait le roi○ Cin, Théât the actor who plays the part of the king, the actor who is the king;20 ( dans un souhait) mon Dieu, faites qu'il réussisse! God, please let him succeed!; Dieu or le ciel fasse qu'il ne leur arrive rien! may God ou Heaven protect them!;21 ○( tromper) il me l'a fait au baratin/chantage he talked/blackmailed me into it; on ne me la fait pas! I'm not a fool!, I wasn't born yesterday!B vi1 (agir, procéder) to do, to act; je n'ai pas pu faire autrement I couldn't do otherwise; fais comme tu veux do as you like; elle peut faire mieux she can do better; dans ces situations, il faut faire vite in that sort of situation, one must act quickly; vas-y, mais fais vite! go, but be quick about it!; fais comme chez toi lit, iron make yourself at home;2 ( paraître) to look; faire jeune/son âge to look young/one's age; ça fait bien avec du bleu it looks nice with blue; tes lunettes font très distingué your glasses make you look very distinguished; il croit que ça fait chic de dire ça he thinks it's chic to say that;3 ( être) to be; il veut faire pompier he wants to be a fireman;4 ( dire) to say; ‘bien sûr,’ fit-elle ‘of course,’ she said; le canard fait ‘coin-coin’ the duck says ou goes ‘quack’; faire plouf/aïe etc to go plop/ouch etc;5 ( durer) to last; sa robe lui a fait deux ans her dress lasted her two years;6 (+ adverbe de quantité) ça fait cher/grand/trop etc it is expensive/big/too much etc;7 ( pour les besoins naturels) to go; tu as fait? have you been?; faire dans sa culotte ( déféquer) to dirty one's pants; ( uriner) to wet one's pants; fig to wet oneself;8 ○ faire avec ( se contenter de) to make do with [personne, objet, quantité]; ( supporter) to put up with [personne, situation]; elle est là, et il faudra faire avec she's here, and we'll have to put up with her.C se faire vpr1 (confectionner, exécuter, obtenir pour soi) se faire un café to make oneself a coffee; se faire de l'argent/des amis to make money/friends; se faire ses vêtements to make one's own clothes; se faire la cuisine soi-même to do one's own cooking; combien se fait-il par mois? how much does he make a month? ; se faire un mec◑ to have◑ a man;2 ( devenir) (+ adjectif attribut) to get, to become; (+ nom attribut) to become; il se fait vieux he's getting old; il se fait tard it's getting late; sa voix se fit dure his/her voice hardened ou became hard; se faire avocat to become a lawyer;3 ( se rendre) se faire belle/tout petit to make oneself beautiful/very small;4 ( s'inquiéter) s'en faire to worry; il ne s'en fait pas! ( sans inquiétude) he's not the sort of person to worry about things!; ( pas gêné) he's got a nerve!;5 ( s'habituer) se faire à to get used to [lieu, situation, idée]; je ne m'y fais pas I can't get used to it;6 ( être d'usage) ça se fait encore ici it's still done here; ça ne se fait pas de manger avec les doigts it's not the done thing ou it's not polite to eat with one's fingers;7 ( être à la mode) [couleur, style] to be in (fashion); le tweed se fait beaucoup cette année tweed is very much in this year; ça ne se fait plus it's no longer fashionable, it's out of fashion;8 ( être produit ou accompli) c'est ce qui se fait de mieux it's the best there is; le mariage s'est fait à Paris the wedding took place in Paris; le pont se fera bien un jour the bridge will be built one day; souhaitons que la paix se fasse let's hope there'll be peace;9 ( emploi impersonnel) il se fit que it (so) happened that; il se fit un grand silence there was complete silence; il s'est fait un déclic dans mon esprit something clicked in my mind; il pourrait se faire que je parte I might leave; comment se fait-il que…? how is it that…?;10 ( mûrir) [fromage] to ripen; [vin] to mature;11 ○( supporter) to put up with, to endure [importun]; il faut se le faire, son copain! his/her mate is a real pain○!;12 ( avec infinitif) se faire couler un bain to run oneself a bath; se faire comprendre to make oneself understood; se faire agresser to get mugged; tu vas te faire écraser! you'll get run over![fɛr] verbe transitifA.[FABRIQUER, RÉALISER]1. [confectionner - objet, vêtement] to make ; [ - construction] to build ; [ - tableau] to paint ; [ - film] to make ; [ - repas, café] to make, to prepare ; [ - gâteau, pain] to make, to bake ; [ - vin] to make ; [ - bière] to brew[concevoir - thèse, dissertation] to dogrand-mère est super — oui, on n'en fait plus des comme ça! (familier) grandma's great — yes, they broke the mould when they made her!2. [produire, vendre]faire du blé/de la vigne to grow wheat/grapesfaire une marque/un produit to stock a make/an articleje vous fais les deux à 350 euros (familier) you can have both for 350 euros, I'll take 350 euros for both3. [obtenir, gagner - bénéfices] to makefaire de l'argent to earn ou to make money4. [mettre au monde]5. PHYSIOLOGIEB.[ACCOMPLIR, EXÉCUTER]1. [effectuer - mouvement, signe] to make[saut périlleux, roue] to do2. [accomplir - choix, erreur, réforme, proposition] to make ; [ - inventaire] to do ; [ - discours] to deliver, to make, to give ; [ - conférence] to give ; [ - exercice] to do ; [ - recherches] to do, to carry out (separable) ; [ - enquête] to carry out (separable)on me l'a déjà faite, celle-là I know that one already[suivre les cours de]4. [pratiquer]faire de la flûte/du violon to play the flute/the violinfaire de l'équitation/de la natation/de la voile to go horseriding/swimming/sailingfaire du basket/du tennis to play basketball/tennis6. [dire] to sayil fit oui/non de la tête he nodded/he shook his head"non", fit-elle "no", she saidla vache fait "meuh!" the cow goes "moo!"8. [action non précisée] to dofaire quelque chose de quelqu'un/quelque chose: qu'ai-je fait de mes clefs ? what have I done with ou where did I put my keys ?donne-le moi! — non, rien à faire! give it to me! — nothing doing ou no way!tu lui as parlé ? — oui, mais rien à faire, il ne cédera pas did you talk to him ? — yes, but it's no use, he won't give inje vais vous raccompagner — n'en faites rien! (soutenu) I'll take you back — there's really no need!j'apprécie peu sa façon de travailler mais il faut bien faire avec! I don't like the way he works but I suppose I'll just have to put up with it!autant que faire se peut if possible, as far as possiblemais bien sûr, tu n'as que faire de ma carrière! but of course, my career matters very little to you! ou you don't care about my career!C.[AVEC IDÉE DE DÉPLACEMENT]1. [se déplacer à la vitesse de]le train peut faire jusqu'à 400 km/h the train can do 400 km/h2. [couvrir - distance]le Concorde fait Paris-New York en moins de quatre heures Concorde goes ou flies from Paris to New York in less than fours hours[inspecter, passer au crible]a. [j'y suis allé] I did ou went to ou tried every hotel in townb. [j'ai téléphoné] I called ou did ou tried every hotel in townD.[AVEC IDÉE DE TRANSFORMATION]1. [nommer]elle l'a fait baron she gave him the title of Baron, she made him a baron2. [transformer en]faire quelque chose de quelqu'un/quelque chose: des rats, la fée fit des laquais the fairy changed the rats into footmengarde les restes, j'en ferai une soupe keep the leftovers, I'll make a soup with themc'était un tyran et votre livre en fait un héros! he was a tyrant, and your book shows ou presents him as a hero!3. [devenir]"cheval" fait "chevaux" au pluriel the plural of "cheval" is "chevaux"4. [servir de]une fois plié, le billard fait table the billiard table, when folded, can be used ou can serve as a normal table5. [remplir un rôle, une fonction]il fera un bon mari he'll make ou be a good husbandE.[INDIQUE UN RÉSULTAT]1. [provoquer]ça va faire une marque/une auréole it will leave a mark/a ringl'accident a fait cinq morts the accident left five dead ou claimed five livesfaire quelque chose à quelqu'un [l'émouvoir] to move somebody, to affect somebodyla vue du sang ne me fait rien I don't mind the sight of blood, the sight of blood doesn't bother mefaire que: la gravitation, force qui fait que les objets s'attirent gravitation, the force which causes objects to be attracted towards each other[pour exprimer un souhait]2. [importer]qu'est-ce que cela peut faire? what does it matter ?, so what?cela ne fait rien it doesn't matter, never mindF.[INDIQUE UNE QUALITÉ, UNE FORME, UNE MESURE]1. [former]on a dix euros, ça ne fait pas assez we've got ten euros, that's not enough4. [mesurer][taille, pointure][peser]je fais 56 kg I weigh ou am 56 kg5. [indique la durée, le temps]elle a téléphoné, cela fait bien une heure she phoned at least an hour agoG.[VERBE ATTRIBUTIF]1. [paraître]la broche fait bien ou joli ou jolie sur ta robe the brooch looks nice on your dresselle parle avec un léger accent, il paraît que ça fait bien! she talks with a slight accent, it's supposed to be smart!ça fait comment ou quoi de voir son nom sur une affiche? what's it like to see your name on a poster ?2. (familier) [devenir, embrasser la carrière de] to beH.[VERBE DE SUBSTITUTION] (toujours en rappel du verbe utilisé)vous le lui expliquerez mieux que je ne saurais le faire you'll explain it to her better than I couldtu lui écriras ? — oui, je le ferai will you write to him ? — yes I willpuis-je prendre cette chaise ? — (mais) faites donc! (soutenu) may I take this chair ? — please do ou by all means!————————[fɛr] verbe intransitif[agir] to dofais comme chez toi [à l'arrivée de quelqu'un] make yourself at homefais comme tu veux! [ton irrité] suit yourself!je le lui ai rendu — tu as bien fait! I gave it back to him — you did the right thing ou you did right!pourquoi l'as-tu acheté ? — je croyais bien faire! why did you buy it ? — I thought it was a good idea!tu ferais bien d'y réfléchir you'd do well to ou you should ou you'd better think about it!pour bien faire, il faudrait réserver aujourd'hui the best thing would be to book today, ideally we should book today————————[fɛr] verbe impersonnel1. MÉTÉOROLOGIEil fait chaud/froid it's hot/cold2. (locution)————————[fɛr] verbe auxiliaire1. [provoquer une réaction]ça me fait dormir it puts ou sends me to sleepa. [pour qu'il s'impatiente] let him waitb. [en lui demandant] ask him to waitn'essaie pas de me faire croire que... don't try to make ou to have me believe that...3. [commander de]fairefaire quelque chose par quelqu'un to have somebody do ou make something, to have something done ou made by somebody————————faire dans verbe plus préposition————————se faire verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)1. [réussir]2. [se forcer à]se faire pleurer/vomir to make oneselfcry/vomit————————se faire verbe pronominal (emploi réciproque)————————se faire verbe pronominal (emploi passif)2. [être convenable]ça ne se fait pas de demander son âge à une femme it's rude ou it's not done to ask a woman her age3. [être réalisé]je dois signer un nouveau contrat, mais je ne sais pas quand cela va se faire I'm going to sign a new contract, but I don't know when that will betu pourrais me prêter 1 500 euros ? — ça pourrait se faire could you lend me 1,500 euros ? — that should be possiblecomment se fait-il que... ? how come ou how is it that... ?il pourrait se faire que... it might ou may be that..., it's possible that...————————se faire verbe pronominal intransitif1. [se former]3. [devenir] to becomes'il arrive à l'heure, je veux bien me faire nonne! (familier) if he arrives on time, I'll eat my hat!————————se faire verbe pronominal transitif1. [fabriquer]2. [effectuer sur soi][se maquiller]3. (familier) [gagner]elle se fait 4000 euros par mois she earns 4,000 euros per month, she gets 4,000 euros every month4. (familier) [s'accorder]on se fait un film/un petit café ? what about going to see a film/going for a coffee ?5. (familier) [supporter][agresser] to beat up————————se faire à verbe pronominal plus préposition————————s'en faire verbe pronominal intransitifelle s'en souviendra, ne t'en fais pas! she'll remember, don't you worry!encore au lit ? tu ne t'en fais pas! still in bed ? you're taking it easy, aren't you ? -
35 con
with( mezzo) bycon questo tempo in this weathercon tutto ciò for all thatavere con sé have with or on one* * *con prep.1 ( compagnia, unione) with: vieni con me?, are you coming with me?; lavora con il padre, he works with his father; vive a Torino ( insieme) con i genitori, she lives in Turin with her parents; dovunque vada, porta sempre i bambini con sé, wherever she goes, she always takes the children with her; tutti i giorni faceva la sua passeggiata col cane, every day he went for a walk with his dog; restate a cena con noi?, will you stay and have dinner with us?; viaggia sempre con molte valigie, she always travels with a lot of luggage; porta con te l'ombrello, minaccia di piovere, it looks like rain, so take your umbrella with you; si presentò con un grande fascio di giornali sotto il braccio, he turned up with a large wad of newspapers under his arm // mi dispiace, non ho denaro con me, I'm sorry I haven't any money on me2 ( relazione) with: litiga spesso con suo fratello, she argues a lot with her brother; ho avuto una lunga discussione con loro, I had a long discussion with them; essere in pace, in guerra con qlcu., to be at peace, at war with s.o.; va d'accordo con tutti, he gets on well with everyone; con noi si comporta sempre così, he always behaves like that with us; la nostra ditta è in rapporto d'affari con il Giappone e con la Cina, our firm has business dealings with Japan and China; non abbiamo più contatti con lui, we have lost touch with him; il latino ha molte affinità con il greco, Latin has much in common with Greek; hai problemi con il nuovo lavoro?, have you any problems with your new job?3 ( verso, nei riguardi di) to: sii buono con lui!, be kind to him! // non prendertela con me!, don't take it out on me!4 ( per indicare una qualità o una caratteristica) with: era un uomo con i capelli bianchi e con una lunga barba, he was a man with white hair and a long beard; una ragazza con gli occhi azzurri, a girl with blue eyes (o a blue-eyed girl); un cane con il pelo lungo, a dog with long hair (o a long-haired dog); una finestra con le persiane verdi, a window with green shutters; una camera con servizi, a room with bath; vivono in una bella casa con giardino, they live in a lovely house with a garden ∙ Come si nota dagli esempi, in questo significato si usa spesso la forma aggettivale5 ( modo) with: agì con grande coraggio, he acted with great courage; lo guardava con ammirazione, she gazed at him with admiration (o admiringly); trattare con cura, to handle with care; non hai lavorato con la dovuta attenzione, you haven't worked carefully enough (o with enough care); mi salutò con grandi sorrisi, she greeted me with a big smile; parla l'inglese con un forte accento americano, he speaks English with a strong American accent; con gli occhi chiusi, with one's eyes closed; con le mani giunte, with one's hands together; con le braccia incrociate, with one's arms crossed // pasta con il sugo, pasta with tomato sauce; risotto coi carciofi, risotto with artichokes; omelette col prosciutto, ham omelette ∙ Come si nota dagli esempi, in questo significato si usa spesso la forma avverbiale6 ( mezzo) by; with: partire con l'aereo, la macchina, il treno, to leave by air, by car, by train; scrivere con la penna, la matita, to write with a pen, with a pencil; programmare col computer, to program with the computer; tieni il volante con tutt'e due le mani, hold the steering-wheel with both hands; il pedale della frizione si aziona con il piede sinistro, press the clutch pedal with your left foot; risponderò con un telex, I'll reply by telex; pagherò con un assegno, I'll pay by cheque; che intendi dire con ciò?, what do you mean by that?; il vino si fa con l'uva, wine is made with grapes; sono cose che s'imparano con l'esperienza, they are things you learn with experience // con l'aiuto di Dio, ce la faremo, we'll manage, with God's help7 ( causa) i ghiacciai si sciolgono con il calore dei raggi solari, glaciers melt with the heat of the sun; con il caldo, la carne si è guastata, the meat has gone bad with the heat; con quest'afa non si riesce a respirare, with this heat yon can't breathe; è stato a letto una settimana con l'influenza, he was in bed with flu for a week8 ( con valore temporale) with; in: preferirei partire col chiaro, I'd prefer to set out in the light; le rondini se ne vanno con i primi freddi, swallows migrate with the first sign of cold weather; con il mese di marzo, inizia l'ora legale, standard summertime begins in March; siamo arrivati con la pioggia, we arrived in the rain // con la tua venuta, sistemeremo la faccenda, we'll deal with the matter when you arrive // con l'andare del tempo, as time goes by9 ( con valore avversativo o concessivo) with; for: con quel colorito nessuno avrebbe detto che era ammalato, with that colour, no one would say he was ill; con tutti i suoi difetti, è una persona simpaticissima, he's a very likeable person, with (o for) all his faults; con tutto ciò, non mi sento di disapprovarlo, for all that, I can't bring myself to disapprove10 ( con valore consecutivo) to: con mia grande delusione, trovai che il treno era già partito, to my disappointment, I found the train had already left.* * *[kon]1) (in compagnia, presenza di)ballare, uscire, vivere con qcn. — to dance, go out, live with sb.
2) (in descrizioni) withuna ragazza con i capelli neri — a girl with black hair, a black-haired girl
3) (che coinvolge, riguarda)una discussione, un incontro con qcn. — a discussion, a meeting with sb.
sposarsi con qcn. — to get married to sb., to marry sb.
litigare con qcn. — to quarrel with sb.
4) (indicando un mezzo, un agente) withcolpire qcn. con qcs. — to hit sb. with sth.
5) (indicando il modo) withcon piacere, cura — with pleasure, care
con il pretesto di... — on the pretext of
9) (indicando la condizione) with••con questo caldo — in o with this heat
Note:La preposizione con si traduce quasi sempre con with quando indica: unione ( ballare con qualcuno = to dance with somebody; con la mia famiglia = with my family; caffè con una goccia di latte = coffee with a drop of milk), possesso ( la signora con il cappello nero = the lady with the black hat; una camicia con un grande colletto = a shirt with a large collar), relazione ( essere d'accordo con qualcuno = to agree with somebody; parlare con qualcuno = to talk with somebody), simultaneità ( alzarsi con il sole = to get up with the sun), opposizione ( battersi con qualcuno = to fight with somebody; essere in concorrenza con qualcuno = to be in competition with somebody) e mezzo ( con la forchetta = with a fork; con un bastone = with a stick). - Quando con ha valore di modo o maniera, si traduce spesso in inglese con l'avverbio corrispondente: con passione (= appassionatamente) = passionately; si noti tuttavia che con grande passione si traduce: with a lot of passion. Questo genere di espressioni, e altre quali con l'età, con gli anni etc., si trovano nel dizionario sotto il sostantivo in questione. - Quando con introduce mezzi di trasporto, si rende con by davanti a un mezzo generico ( con la macchina = by car; con il treno = by train; con l'autobus = by bus), mentre si usa in oppure on se il mezzo di trasporto è in qualche modo specificato ( con la mia macchina = in my car; con un autobus molto vecchio = in a very old bus; con l'elicottero del Presidente = in the President's helicopter; con il treno delle 9.45 = on the 9.45 train; con la mia moto = on my motor-bike). - Si notino espressioni idiomatiche quali con ogni probabilità = in all likelihood; con mia sorpresa = to my surprise; sposarsi con qualcuno = to get married to somebody. - Per altri esempi, usi particolari ed eccezioni, si veda la voce qui sotto. Sarà spesso utile consultare la voce relativa alla parola introdotta dalla preposizione; inoltre, la consultazione delle note lessicali poste in coda alla sezione italiano-inglese potrà risolvere particolari dubbi d'uso e di traduzione* * *con/kon/La preposizione con si traduce quasi sempre con with quando indica: unione ( ballare con qualcuno = to dance with somebody; con la mia famiglia = with my family; caffè con una goccia di latte = coffee with a drop of milk), possesso ( la signora con il cappello nero = the lady with the black hat; una camicia con un grande colletto = a shirt with a large collar), relazione ( essere d'accordo con qualcuno = to agree with somebody; parlare con qualcuno = to talk with somebody), simultaneità ( alzarsi con il sole = to get up with the sun), opposizione ( battersi con qualcuno = to fight with somebody; essere in concorrenza con qualcuno = to be in competition with somebody) e mezzo ( con la forchetta = with a fork; con un bastone = with a stick). - Quando con ha valore di modo o maniera, si traduce spesso in inglese con l'avverbio corrispondente: con passione (= appassionatamente) = passionately; si noti tuttavia che con grande passione si traduce: with a lot of passion. Questo genere di espressioni, e altre quali con l'età, con gli anni etc., si trovano nel dizionario sotto il sostantivo in questione. - Quando con introduce mezzi di trasporto, si rende con by davanti a un mezzo generico ( con la macchina = by car; con il treno = by train; con l'autobus = by bus), mentre si usa in oppure on se il mezzo di trasporto è in qualche modo specificato ( con la mia macchina = in my car; con un autobus molto vecchio = in a very old bus; con l'elicottero del Presidente = in the President's helicopter; con il treno delle 9.45 = on the 9.45 train; con la mia moto = on my motor-bike). - Si notino espressioni idiomatiche quali con ogni probabilità = in all likelihood; con mia sorpresa = to my surprise; sposarsi con qualcuno = to get married to somebody. - Per altri esempi, usi particolari ed eccezioni, si veda la voce qui sotto. Sarà spesso utile consultare la voce relativa alla parola introdotta dalla preposizione; inoltre, la consultazione delle note lessicali poste in coda alla sezione italiano-inglese potrà risolvere particolari dubbi d'uso e di traduzione.1 (in compagnia, presenza di) ballare, uscire, vivere con qcn. to dance, go out, live with sb.; porta un amico con te bring a friend with you2 (in descrizioni) with; una ragazza con i capelli neri a girl with black hair, a black-haired girl; il ragazzo con la gamba rotta the boy with the broken leg; una casa con vista sul mare a room with a sea view3 (che coinvolge, riguarda) una discussione, un incontro con qcn. a discussion, a meeting with sb.; sposarsi con qcn. to get married to sb., to marry sb.; il confine con il Belgio the border with Belgium; litigare con qcn. to quarrel with sb.; la guerra con la Germania the war with Germany4 (indicando un mezzo, un agente) with; colpire qcn. con qcs. to hit sb. with sth.; camminare con il bastone to walk with a stick; pagare con carta di credito to pay by credit card; arrivare con il treno to arrive by train5 (indicando il modo) with; con piacere, cura with pleasure, care; con mia grande gioia to my great joy; con il pretesto di... on the pretext of...6 (in relazione a) aumentare con il tempo to increase with time7 (indicando simultaneità) alzarsi con il (primo) sole to get up with the sun8 (interpretato da) Casablanca con Humphrey Bogart Casablanca with Humphrey Bogart; un film con De Niro a film featuring De Niro10 (seguito da un infinito) cominciò col dire che he started (off) by saying that; finì con l'ammettere il proprio torto he ended up admitting he was wrong. -
36 sweet
1. adjective1) (to taste) süß2) (lovely) süß; reizend [Wesen, Gesicht, Mädchen, Kleid]sweet dreams! — träum[e]/träumt süß!
how sweet of you! — wie nett od. lieb von dir!
go one's own sweet way — machen, was einem passt
3) (fragrant) süß; frisch [Atem]4) (musical) süß (geh.); lieblich [Stimme, Musik, Klang]2. noun1) (Brit.): (piece of confectionery) Bonbon, das od. der; (with chocolate, fudge, etc.) Süßigkeit, diefor sweet — zum Nachtisch od. Dessert
* * *[swi:t] 1. adjective1) (tasting like sugar; not sour, salty or bitter: as sweet as honey; Children eat too many sweet foods.) süß2) (tasting fresh and pleasant: young, sweet vegetables.) frisch5) (attractive or charming: What a sweet little baby!; a sweet face/smile; You look sweet in that dress.) süß2. noun1) ((American candy) a small piece of sweet food eg chocolate, toffee etc: a packet of sweets; Have a sweet.) die Süßigkeit2) ((a dish or course of) sweet food near or at the end of a meal; (a) pudding or dessert: The waiter served the sweet.) die Süßspeise3) (dear; darling: Hallo, my sweet!)•- academic.ru/72631/sweeten">sweeten- sweetener
- sweetly
- sweetness
- sweetheart
- sweet potato
- sweet-smelling
- sweet-tempered* * *[swi:t]I. adj1. (like sugar) süß\sweet dreams! träume süß!\sweet sound lieblicher Klang\sweet temper sanftes Wesen\sweet voice süße [o iron holde] Stimmea \sweet little house ein schnuck[e]liges kleines Häuschen famit was \sweet of you to help me es war sehr lieb von dir, mir zu helfenthey were very \sweet to us when we stayed with them sie waren reizend zu uns, als wir bei ihnen zu Besuch waren▪ to be \sweet on sb in jdn verliebt sein7. (individual)in one's own \sweet time wenn es einem zeitlich passtin one's own \sweet way auf seine eigene Artto go one's own \sweet way seinen eigenen Weg gehenno matter how often you warn her, she'll still go her own \sweet way du kannst sie noch so oft warnen, sie macht doch immer, was sie will8.▶ to keep sb \sweet jdn bei Laune haltenII. nboiled \sweet Bonbon nt▪ \sweets pl Süßigkeiten pl* * *[swiːt]1. adj (+er)1) süßto have a sweet tooth — gern Süßes essen, naschhaft sein
that's very sweet of you that car/horse is a sweet little runner — das ist sehr lieb von dir das Auto/Pferd läuft prächtig
to be sweet on sb (dated inf) — in jdn vernarrt sein
success was doubly sweet to him — er genoss den Erfolg doppelt
once he caught the sweet smell of success —
sweet Fanny Adams or FA ( Brit inf ) — nix (inf), nicht die Bohne (inf)
See:2. n1) (Brit: candy) Bonbon nt2) (Brit: dessert) Nachtisch m, Dessert nt3)yes, (my) sweet (inf) — ja, (mein) Schätzchen or Liebling
4) pl (fig: pleasures) Freuden plonce he had tasted the sweets of success — nachdem er einmal erfahren hatte, wie süß der Erfolg sein kann
* * *sweet [swiːt]A adj (adv sweetly)1. süß:the sweet smell of success die Süße des Erfolgs2. süß oder lieblich (duftend):be sweet with duften nach3. frisch (Milch etc)4. a) Frisch…, Süß…:b) ungesalzen (Butter etc)5. süß, lieblich (Melodie, Stimme etc)6. süß, angenehm (Schlummer, Träume etc):revenge is sweet Rache ist süß7. süß, lieb (Gesicht etc):8. lieb, nett, freundlich, reizend ( alle:be sweet on sb umg in jemanden verknallt sein;10. umga) tadellos, einwandfreib) mühelos, glatt, ruhigc) leicht, bequem11. CHEMa) säurefrei (Mineralien)b) schwefelfrei (Benzin)B s1. Süße f (auch fig)2. besonders Bra) Bonbon m/n, Süßigkeit fb) pl Süßigkeiten pl3. besonders Br Dessert n, Nachtisch m4. Annehmlichkeit f:* * *1. adjective1) (to taste) süß2) (lovely) süß; reizend [Wesen, Gesicht, Mädchen, Kleid]sweet dreams! — träum[e]/träumt süß!
how sweet of you! — wie nett od. lieb von dir!
go one's own sweet way — machen, was einem passt
3) (fragrant) süß; frisch [Atem]4) (musical) süß (geh.); lieblich [Stimme, Musik, Klang]2. noun1) (Brit.): (piece of confectionery) Bonbon, das od. der; (with chocolate, fudge, etc.) Süßigkeit, diefor sweet — zum Nachtisch od. Dessert
* * *(US) n.Bonbon -s n. (meals) (UK) n.Nachspeise f.Nachtisch m. adj.herzig adj.süß adj. -
37 just
В современном языке частица just выполняет много различных функций, и трудности ее перевода связаны нередко с проблемой правильной идентификации функции. Традиционно речь идет о трех функциях just как частицы - выделительной, ограничительной и эмфатической, однако, как показывает анализ, встречаются и другие, хотя и менее распространенные функции; кроме того, в рамках указанных трех можно обнаружить довольно интересные вариации, интересные в том числе и с точки зрения перевода.
Особенно наглядно разнообразные возможности just видны на примере эмфатической (усилительной) функции, на которой нам хотелось бы остановиться подробнее. Рассмотрим следующие примеры:
• "I see your point, but people here just can't afford that sort of luxury..." (DL: 65)
"Я понимаю, что вы хотите сказать, но люди здесь просто не могут позволить себе подобную роскошь."
• "I'm sorry Siegfried, I just have nothing to say." (DL: 95)
"Простите, Зигфрид, мне просто нечего сказать."
• "It's just too early." (DT: 265)
" Просто сейчас ещё слишком рано."
Как видно из примеров, just усиливает (интенсифицирует) значение следующего за ней смыслового блока, который нередко представляет собой структуру с отрицанием, как эксплицитным (первые два примера), так и имплицитным (последний пример). Предложенная нами в качестве эквивалента русская частица просто может быть использована в этом качестве в большинстве случаев, хотя иногда возможны и другие средства:
• "Не told you he was taking you out. Didn't he?... And just happened to leave his wallet at home." (DT: 66)
"Он сказал тебе, что приглашает тебя в ресторан. Так?... И совершенно (чисто / просто) случайно забыл бумажник дома."
Особый интерес для нас представляют случаи, когда при переводе just в эмфатической функции требуется перестройка всей структуры предложения. Рассмотрим следующий пример:
• "Wasn't that just typical?..." (DL: 131)
" Как же все это было знакомо!"
В английском тексте мы имеем дело с эмфатическим вопросительно-отрицательным предложением, которому, как было показано в нашей работе, посвященной переводу русских частиц, довольно часто соответствуют русские предложения с же. Дополнительная интенсификация смысла осуществляется посредством восклицательного предложения с интенсификатором как. С точки зрения норм русского языка, употребление просто в данной структуре представляется вряд ли возможным.
Кроме общих случаев усиления смысла с помощью just, довольно часто можно наблюдать интенсификацию конкретных логических значений, что представляет интерес с точки зрения перевода в силу различия в эквивалентах. Во-первых, можно выделить интенсификацию (подчеркивание) незначительности расстояния или временного промежутка:
• "We were sitting towards the rear of the aircraft, just behind the wing." (DL: 68)
"Мы сидели ближе к хвосту самолета, сразу за крылом."
• "This was the woman who just a few hours before had said she would do anything for them." (DL: 76)
"И это была та же самая женщина, которая всего несколькими часами раньше обещала сделать для них все, что угодно."
• "It's by a British friend of mine.... He gave it to me just yesterday." (DL: 119)
"Ее автор - один мой приятель из Британии. Он мне ее подарил не далее как (только) вчера."
Как видно, русский эквивалент сильно зависит от сочетаемости.
Когда just выступает в функции интенсификации достаточности, ее эквивалентами часто выступают структуры с прилагательным один или уже упоминавшаяся ранее частица просто:
• I felt nauseated just to breathe them. (DT: 531)
Меня тошнило от одного их запаха.
• It made you smile just to look at him. (DL: 115)
его вид вызывал улыбку.
• "Don't worry, just do exactly as I do." (DL: 180)
"Не волнуйтесь, просто в точности повторяйте за мной."
В сочетании с like частица just выступает в функции интенсификации сравнения:
• "Lovely girl. I've always said so. Looks just like a statue of Diana in my father's club." (DT: 61)
"Прелестная девушка. Я всегда это говорил. Выглядит точь-в-точь как статуя Дианы в клубе моего отца."
Наконец, стоит упомянуть, что в сочетании с модальными глаголами may, might, could анализируемая частица подчеркивает маловероятность:
• I said I was rather tied up at the school over most weekends; though the half-term holiday was the week-end after the next and I might just be in Athens then - but I couldn't be sure. (F: 162)
Я написал, что довольно сильно занят в школе почти все выходные, хотя через выходные у школьников будут короткие каникулы, и у меня, возможно, получится приехать в Афины, но я не могу ничего обещать.
На наш взгляд, коммуникативный смысл английской частицы позволяют передать лексические средства русского языка, в частности добавление слова получится обычно подчеркивает большую зависимость от обстоятельств, что ещё дополнительно усиливается местоимением ничего при глаголе обещать.
Особенно следует оговорить те случаи, когда частица just употребляется для усиления вопросительных и относительных местоимений и при этом нередко имплицитно выражает различные эмоции. Рассмотрим следующий пример:
• I didn't answer. I was wondering just how we had reached this stage. (JB: 53)
Я не ответил. Я размышлял, как же мы достигли такой степени близости.
Из контекста видно, что герой не может объяснить для себя произошедшее, оно вызывает у него большое удивление, что и подчеркивается введением частицы just. На наш взгляд, подобную эмоцию в русском языке хорошо передает частица же, что очевидно и в другом примере:
• " Just what is all this nonsense?" (KA: 74)
"Как же все это понимать?"
Возможны, однако, и другие способы перевода just в этой функции:
• I knew just what happened to people who were sacked from the local government. (JB: 200)
Я прекрасно знал, что происходило с людьми, уволенными из органов местного управления.
Перейдем теперь к рассмотрению частицы just в функции идентификации. Ее перевод на русский язык обычно не вызывает здесь больших затруднений, поскольку в русском языке существует довольно много частиц, употребляющихся в этой функции; в качестве эквивалента just обычно могут быть использованы частицы как раз и именно, что видно из следующих примеров:
• "Oh thank you, James, it's just what I want." (KA: 89)
"Ой, спасибо, Джеймс, это именно / как раз то, что мне нужно."
• And I am fairly sure he would have done just that if only I had made it in to see him. (DT: 77)
И я почти уверен, что именно это он бы и сделал, если бы мне только удалось с ним увидеться.
• I nearly hung up... but just then the operator came back on. (DT: 160)
Я почти уже повесил трубку... но как раз в этот момент я снова услышал голос оператора.
Особым случаем идентификации можно признать выражение одновременности, хотя и в этом случае английская частица обычно переводится с помощью русской как раз:
• He ran lightly up the stairs. Ronny was just emerging from Gerald Wade's room. ( AC1: 24)
Он быстро взбежал по ступенькам. Ронни как раз выходил из комнаты Джеральда Уэйда.
Как уже отмечалось, ещё одной распространенной функцией частицы just является ограничительная функция, и здесь в качестве ее эквивалентов в русском языке обычно выступают такие слова как лишь, всего лишь, только, просто:
• I convinced myself that it was just superstition. (DL: 76)
Я убедил себя, что это всего лишь / просто суеверие.
• It's just a rumour, actually. (DL: 120)
На самом деле это всего лишь слух.
• "No, Howard, you said it was the way out, I just agreed." (DL: 117)
"Нет, Хауард, это вы сказали, что это выход из положения, я лишь / просто согласился."
• And it wasn't just a question of having kept my mouth shut. (DT: 550)
И дело было не только в том, что я держал язык за зубами.
Особо стоит остановиться на том случае, когда just в ограничительной функции приближается по значению к русскому едва. Рассмотрим следующий пример:
• Absolute peace. High and very far to the north I could just hear an aeroplane. (F: 113)
Полная тишина. Где-то высоко и очень далеко на севере был едва слышен шум самолета.
Пример интересен прежде всего с точки зрения определения функции английской частицы. Этому помогает в основном первое предложение, поскольку, раз герой говорит о том, что стояла полная тишина, то он не мог слышать ничего или почти ничего, а значит частица ограничивает семантику глагола hear. В противном случае получалось бы логическое противоречие.
Важность правильного определения функции just становиться особенно очевидной при обращении к следующему, хотя и не очень частотному, прагматическому значению этой частицы. Проанализируем следующий пример:
• "It's terrible," said Charles. "Really, I can just see him. Standing out in a yard wearing some kind of stupid apron." (DT: 112)
Сложность определения функции здесь заключается в том, что just употребляется в той же синтаксической позиции, что и в предыдущем примере, в сочетании с модальным глаголом can (could) и глаголом восприятия. Поэтому помочь нам может только общий контекст, экспрессивный характер которого (выражение it's terrible, частица really), а также непосредственно предшествующее предложение, с большой степенью вероятности исключают ограничительную функцию и, более того, подводит нас к мысли о том, что частица употребляется скорее в экспрессивной функции и по прагматическому значению приближается к наречию easily, в результате перевод данного примера может выглядеть в частности так:
• "Это ужасно," сказал Чарльз. "Черт возьми, могу себе это представить (Ей богу, я так живо это себе представляю.) Как он стоит во дворе, напялив какой-нибудь дурацкий передник."
Последняя функция just, о которой нам хотелось бы сказать, - это выражение вежливости. По сути мы имеем дело с разновидностью эмфатической функции, поскольку just здесь всегда употребляется в высказываниях, представляющих собой вежливую просьбу, и частица нередко лишь усиливает степень вежливости:
• "I don't seem to have my information handy right now, maybe you could just prompt me." (DT: 159)
С точки зрения естественности следует отметить, что для русского языка не очень характерно употребление частиц перед глаголом в вежливой просьбе, поэтому, на наш взгляд, вполне уместен перевод просто самой вежливой просьбы:
• "Боюсь, у меня нет сейчас под рукой нужной информации; не могли бы вы мне подсказать?"
С другой стороны, в русском языке возможно усиление вежливости другими способами, в частности:
•... если вас не затруднит, подскажите, пожалуйста.
В любом случае, нам кажется, что окончательное решение о необходимости и возможности перевода just в этой функции очень сильно зависит от непосредственного контекста, как вербального, так и невербального. Нам хотелось бы только подчеркнуть, что в данном случае ее перевод не является самоцелью и что, когда речь идет о такой прагматической функции как усиление степени вежливости, в первую очередь следует ориентироваться на нормы языка перевода и традиции принимающей культуры. -
38 back
A n1 Anat, Zool dos m ; to be (flat) on one's back lit être (à plat) sur le dos ; fig être au lit ; to sleep on one's back dormir sur le dos ; he was lying on his back il était allongé sur le dos ; to travel on the back of a donkey voyager à dos d'âne ; to have one's back to sb/sth tourner le dos à qn/qch ; with her back to the door le dos tourné vers la porte ; to turn one's back on sb/sth lit, fig tourner le dos à qn/qch ; as soon as my back is turned dès que j'ai le dos tourné ; to do sth behind sb's back lit, fig faire qch dans le dos de qn ; with one's back to the engine dans le sens contraire à la marche ; to put one's back into it ○ travailler dur ; put your back into it ○ ! allons, un peu de nerf ○ ! ; he's always on my back ○ il est toujours sur mon dos ; get off my back ○ ! fiche-moi la paix ○ ! ; I was glad to see the back of him j'étais content de le voir partir ; to be at the back of être à l'origine de [conspiracy, proposal] ; to put sb's back up offenser qn ; to live off sb's back vivre aux crochets de qn ;2 ( reverse side) (of page, cheque, card, envelope) dos m, verso m ; ( of fabric) envers m ; (of medal, coin) revers m ; on the back of an envelope au dos d'une enveloppe ; to sign the back of a cheque endosser un chèque ; the back of the hand le dos de la main ;4 ( rear-facing part) ( of vehicle) arrière m ; ( of electrical appliance) face f arrière ; (of shirt, coat) dos m ; to hang one's coat on the back of the door pendre son manteau derrière la porte ; the shelves are oak but the back is plywood les étagères sont en chêne mais le fond est en contreplaqué ; a blow to the back of the head un coup sur l'arrière de la tête ; a lump on the back of the head une bosse derrière la tête ; the knife fell down the back of the fridge le couteau est tombé derrière le réfrigérateur ; the keys were down the back of the sofa les clés avaient glissé derrière les coussins du canapé ;5 ( area behind building) to be out back, to be in the back US ( in the garden) être dans le jardin ; ( in the yard) être dans la cour ; he's round ou in the back il est dans le jardin ; the view out back is lovely la vue que l'on a à l'arrière est très jolie ; there's a small garden out back ou round the back il y a un petit jardin derrière ; the bins are out back ou round the back les poubelles sont derrière la maison ; the steps at the back of the building l'escalier à l'arrière de l'immeuble ;6 Aut arrière m ; to sit in the back s'asseoir à l'arrière ; there are three children in the back il y a trois enfants à l'arrière ; to sit at the back of the plane/at the back of the bus s'asseoir à l'arrière de l'avion/au fond du bus ;7 ( furthest away area) (of cupboard, drawer, fridge) fond m ; ( of stage) fond m ; at ou in the back of the drawer au fond du tiroir ; right at the back of the cupboard tout au fond du placard ; at the back of the audience au fond de la salle ; those at the back couldn't see ceux qui étaient derrière ne pouvaient pas voir ; the back of the throat l'arrière-gorge f ; the back of the mouth la gorge f ;8 (of chair, sofa) dossier m ;11 ( book spine) dos m.B adj1 ( at the rear) [axle, wheel, bumper] arrière ; [paw, leg] arrière ; [bedroom] du fond ; [edge] arrière ; [page] dernier/-ière (before n) ; [garden, gate] de derrière ; back tooth molaire f ;C adv1 ( indicating return after absence) to be back être de retour ; I'll be back in five minutes/six weeks je reviens dans cinq minutes/six semaines ; to arrive ou come back rentrer (from de) ; he's back at work il a repris le travail ; she's back in (the) hospital elle est retournée à l'hôpital ; it's good to be back home c'est agréable de rentrer chez soi or de se retrouver à la maison ; when is he due back? quand doit-il rentrer? ; to go back to reprendre [work] ; retourner en [France, China] ; retourner au [Canada, Japan] ; retourner à [Paris, museum, shop] ; the mini-skirt is back ( in fashion) les mini-jupes sont de nouveau à la mode ;2 ( in return) to call ou phone back rappeler ; I'll write back (to him) je lui répondrai ; he hasn't written back yet il n'a pas encore répondu ; ‘OK,’ he shouted back ‘OK,’ a-t-il répondu en criant ; to punch sb back rendre son coup à qn ; to smile back at sb rendre son sourire à qn ; he was rude back il a été aussi impoli avec moi que je l'avais été avec lui ; ⇒ answer ;3 (backwards, in a reverse direction) [glance, jump, step, lean] en arrière ;4 ( away) we overtook him 20 km back nous l'avons doublé il y a 20 km ; there's a garage 10 km back nous avons passé un garage à 10 km en arrière ;6 ( a long time ago) back in 1964/April en 1964/avril ; back before Easter/the revolution avant Pâques/la révolution ; back in the days when du temps où ; it was obvious as far back as last year/1985 that déjà l'année dernière/en 1985 il était évident que ; to go ou date back to remonter à [Roman times, 1700] ;7 ( once again) she's back in power/control elle a repris le pouvoir/les commandes ; Paul is back at the wheel Paul a repris le volant ; to get back to sleep se rendormir ; to go back home rentrer chez soi ; to go back to bed se recoucher ;8 ( nearer the beginning) ten lines back dix lignes plus haut ; ten pages back dix pages plus tôt or avant ;9 ( indicating return to sb's possession) to give/send sth back rendre/renvoyer qch (to à) ; to put sth back remettre qch ; I've got my books back on m'a rendu mes livres ; to get one's money back être remboursé ; he wants his dictionary back now il veut que tu lui rendes son dictionnaire tout de suite ;10 ( expressing a return to a former location) to travel to London and back faire l'aller-retour à Londres ; the journey to Madrid and back l'aller-retour à Madrid ; we walked there and took the train back nous y sommes allés à pied et nous avons pris le train pour rentrer ; how long will it take to drive back? combien de temps est-ce que ça prendra pour rentrer en voiture? ;11 ( in a different location) meanwhile, back in France, he… pendant ce temps, en France, il… ; back in the studio, recording had begun au studio, l'enregistrement avait commencé ; I'll see you back at the house/in the office je te verrai à la maison/au bureau.D back and forth adv phr to go ou travel back and forth ( commute) [person, bus] faire la navette (between entre) ; to walk ou go back and forth faire des allées et venues (between entre) ; to swing back and forth [pendulum] osciller ; to sway back and forth se balancer ; the film cuts ou moves back and forth between New York and Paris le film se passe entre New York et Paris.E vtr1 ( support) soutenir [candidate, party, person, bid, bill, action] ; appuyer [application] ; apporter son soutien à [enterprise, project] ; the strike is backed by the union le syndicat soutient la grève ; the junta is backed by the militia la junte est soutenue par la milice ;2 ( finance) financer [project, undertaking] ;4 ( substantiate) justifier [argument, claim] (with à l'aide de) ;5 ( reverse) faire reculer [horse] ; to back the car into the garage rentrer la voiture au garage en marche arrière ; to back sb into/against sth faire reculer qn dans/contre qch ; to back oars ou water déramer ;6 ( bet on) parier sur [horse, favourite, winner] ; to back a loser [race goer] miser sur un cheval perdant ; fig ( invest ill-advisedly) mal placer son argent ; ( support a lost cause) soutenir une cause perdue d'avance ; to back the wrong horse lit, fig miser sur le mauvais cheval ;7 (stiffen, line) consolider, renforcer [structure] ; endosser [book] ; renforcer, entoiler [map] ; maroufler [painting] ; doubler [fabric] ;8 Mus accompagner [singer, performer] ;9 Naut masquer, coiffer [sail].F vi1 ( reverse) faire marche arrière ;2 Naut [wind] changer de direction.G - backed (dans composés)1 ( of furniture) a high-/low-backed chair une chaise avec un dossier haut/bas ;2 (lined, stiffened) canvas-/foam-backed doublé de toile/de mousse ;4 ( financed) government-backed financé par l'État.to break the back of a journey/task faire le plus gros du voyage/travail. ⇒ beyond, duck, hand, own, scratch, wall.■ back away reculer ; to back away from lit s'éloigner de [person, precipice] ; fig prendre ses distances par rapport à [issue, problem] ; chercher à éviter [confrontation].■ back down:▶ back down ( give way) céder ; you can't back down now tu ne peux pas céder maintenant ; to back down from chercher à éviter [confrontation] ; to back down on ou over reconsidérer [sanctions, proposal, allegations] ;▶ back down [sth] [person] descendre [qch] à reculons [slope] ; [car] descendre [qch] en marche arrière [drive, hill].■ back off1 ( move away) reculer ;■ back onto:▶ back onto [sth] [house] donner sur [qch] à l'arrière [fields, railway].■ back out:▶ back out1 ( come out backwards) [person] sortir à reculons ; [car, driver] sortir en marche arrière ; to back out of [person] sortir de [qch] en reculant [room] ; [car, driver] sortir de [qch] en marche arrière [garage, parking space] ;2 ( renege on) se désister, reculer ; to back out of annuler [deal, contract] ; [competitor, team] se retirer de [event] ;▶ back [sth] out faire sortir [qch] en marche arrière [vehicle] ; to back the car out of the garage faire sortir la voiture du garage en marche arrière.■ back up:▶ back up1 ( reverse) [driver, vehicle] reculer, faire marche arrière ; back up a few metres recule de quelques mètres ;▶ back [sth] up, back up [sth]2 Comput sauvegarder [data, file] ;▶ back [sb] up soutenir [person].
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