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1 θάλασσα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `sea' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Att. θάλαττα, Lat Cretan θάλαθθα (Buck, Gr. Diall. $ 81b), Lac. in σαλασσο-μέδοισα Alc. 84.Compounds: Several compp., e. g. θαλασσο-κράτωρ (Hdt., Th.), ἀμφι-θάλασσος `surrounded by the sea' (Pi.; Bahuvrihi); often in hypostases, mostly with - ιος (- ίδιος), e. g. ἐπι-, παρα-θαλάσσιος, - ίδιος (IA).Derivatives: θαλάσσιος `belonging to the sea, maritime' (Hom.), - ία f. - ιον n. as plant name (Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 114), θαλασσ-ίδιος (Hdt.), - αῖος (Simon., Pi.) `id.', θαλασσώδης `sea-like' (Hanno Peripl.), θαλασσερός m. `kind of eye-salve' (Gal.); θαλασσίτης ( οἶνος Plin.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 96). Denominatives: θαλασσ-εύω `be in the sea' (Th.), - όομαι, - όω `be filled by water from the sea, change into sea' (Arist., hell.) with θαλάσσωσις `inundation' (Thphr., Ph.), - ίζω `be like water from the sea, wash in water of the sea' (Ath., pap.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: For the notion sea, the Greeks used for the old word, limited to Italo-Celtic, Germanic, Balto-Slavic mare - Meer etc. partly old words with a new meaning, ἅλς, prop. `salt', πόντος, prop. `path', partly made others with IE elements like Greek πέλαγος. To θάλασσα belongs Maced. (?) δαλάγχαν θάλασσαν H. the attempts to explain it are doubtful: v. Windekens Beitr. z. Namenforschung 1, 200f., id. Le Pélasgique 89, Autran REIE 2, 17ff., Buck Class. Studies pres. to E. Capps (s. Idg. Jb. 22, 220), Battisti Studi etr. 16, 369ff., Pisani Rend. Acc. Lincei 7, 67ff., Vey BSL 51, 80ff., Steinhauser Μνήμης χάριν 2, 152ff. Acc. to Lesky Hermes 78, 258ff. θάλασσα was originally a foreign word for `salt water' and in this was replaced by synonymous IE ἅλς. Fur. 195 notes that it is not certain that δαλάγχαν is Macedonian (Kalléris does not give it). The word, with a prenasalized variant, is typically Pre-Greek. Furnée further connects σάλος, ζάλος, which seems possible but remains uncertain.Page in Frisk: 1,648-649Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θάλασσα
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2 ἅλμη
A sea-water, brine, Od.5.53, Pi.P.2.80, etc.; spray that has dried on the skin, Od.6.219; salt incrustation on soil, Hdt.2.12, Thphr.CP6.10.4.3 salt-water, brine used for pickling, Hdt.2.77, Ar.V. 1515, Fr. 416;ἡ Θασία ἅ. Cratin.6
;ἐν ἅλμῃ ἕψειν [τὸν ἰχθύν] Antiph.222
, cf.Eub.44;καταπνίγειν Sotad.Com.1.21
, etc.: prov., πρὶν τοὺς ἰχθῦς ἑλεῖν σὺ τὴν ἅλμην κυκᾷς 'first catch your hare, then cook it', Phot. s.v. πρίν.II saltness, esp. as a bad quality in soil, X.Oec.20.12, cf. Thphr.CP6.10.4.2 salt soil, PLond.2.267.95, al. (i/ii A. D.). -
3 θάλασσα
Aθάλασσα 22.236
(338/7 B.C.)), ἡ: — sea, Il.2.294, etc.: freq. of the Mediterranean sea, ἥδε ἡ θ. Hdt.1.1, 185, 4.39, etc.; ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν θ. Pl.Phd. 113a;ἡ θ. ἡ καθ' ἡμᾶς Plb.1.3.9
; ἡ ἐντὸς καὶ κ. ἡ. λεγομένη θ. Str.2.5.18; ἡ ἔσω θ. Arist.Mu. 393b29; ἡ ἔξω θ., of the Ocean, Id.Mete. 350a22; ἡ Ἀτλαντικὴ θ. Id.Mu. 392b22; ἡ μεγάλη θ. Plu.Alex.73; of a salt lake, Arist.Mete. 351a9;ἐς θάλασσαν τὴν τοῦ Εὐξείνου πόντου Hdt.2.33
;πέλαγος θαλάσσης A.R.2.608
; κατὰ θάλασσαν by sea, opp. πεζῇ, Hdt.5.63; opp. κατὰ γῆς, Th.7.28 codd.; κατά τε γῆν καὶ κατὰ θ. Pl.Mx. 241a;χέρσον καὶ θ. ἐκπερῶν A.Eu. 240
; τῆς θ. ἀνθεκτέα ἐστί one must engage in maritime affairs, Th.1.93; οἱ περὶ τὴν θ. sea-faring men, Arist.HA 598b24, cf. Pol. 1291b20;θ. καὶ πῦρ καὶ γυνὴ—τρίτον κακόν Men.Mon. 231
, cf. 264: metaph., κακῶν θ a sea of troubles, A.Th. 758 (lyr.); ὁ Κρὴς τὴν θ. (sc. ἀγνοεῖ), of pretended ignorance, Suid.2 sea-water, ἔστω ἐν χαλκῷ ἡ θ. Hp.Coac. 427, cf. Diph.Siph. ap. Ath.3.121d, Moschio ib.5.208a, Plb.16.5.4, Dsc.2.83.3 well of salt water, said to be produced by a stroke of Poseidon's trident, in the Acropolis at Athens, Hdt.8.55;θ. Ἐρεχθηΐς Apollod.3.14.1
.6 θ. κοίλη wooden theatre, Paus.Gr.Fr.208 (= Com.Adesp.864).—For the [dialect] Lacon. form σάλασσα, v. θαλασσομέδων.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > θάλασσα
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4 ἅλμα
1 leap; place for jumping, met. εἰ δ' ὄλβον ἢ χειρῶν βίαν ἢ σιδαρίταν ἐπαινῆσαι πόλεμον δεδόκηται, μακρά μοι αὐτόθεν ἅλμαθ ὑποσκάπτοι τις ( ἡ δὲ μεταφορὰ ἀπὸ τῶν πεντάθλων, οἷς σκάμματα σκάπτονται, ὅταν ἅλλωνται· ἐκείνων γὰρ κατὰ τὸν ἀγῶνα πηδώντων, ὑποσκάπτεται βόθρος ἑκάστου τὸ ἅλμα δεικνύς. Σ.) N. 5.20------------------------------------1 sea water, salt waterἀβάπτιστος εἶμι φελλὸς ὣς ὑπὲρ ἕρκος ἅλμας P. 2.80
“ ἐναλίαν βᾶμεν σὺν ἅλμᾳ” P. 4.39δελφῖνι καὶ τάχος δἰ ἅλμας ἶσόν κ' εἴποιμι Μελησίαν N. 6.64
φυγόντα νιν καὶ μέλαν ἕρκος ἅλμας[ Δ. 1. 1. ]αλμᾳ[ fr. 140a. 73. met.,ἔμπα, καἴπερ ἔχει βαθεῖα ποντιὰς ἅλμα μέσσον, ἀντίτειν' ἐπιβουλίᾳ N. 4.36
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5 στομαλίμνη
στομαλίμνηsalt-water lake: fem nom /voc sg (attic epic ionic) -
6 στομαλίμνην
στομαλίμνηsalt-water lake: fem acc sg (attic epic ionic) -
7 στομαλίμνης
στομαλίμνηsalt-water lake: fem gen sg (attic epic ionic) -
8 στομάλιμνον
στομάλιμνονneut nom /voc /acc sgστομαλίμνηsalt-water lake: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
9 υδράλμη
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10 ὑδράλμῃ
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11 υδράλμης
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12 ὑδράλμης
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13 πικρός
II generally, sharp to the sense:1 of taste, pungent,ῥίζα Il.11.846
;ἅλμη Od.5.323
; δάκρυον (v.l. for πυκνόν) 4.153; of salt water, opp. γλυκύς, Hdt.4.52, cf. 7.35; ἁλμυρὸς καὶ π. Pl.Lg. 705a; πριγλία π. PCair.Zen.82.8 (iii B.C.);ἀπ' ὄμφακος πικρᾶς A.Ag. 970
; ὑγρότης π., opp. ὀξεῖα, Meno Iatr.5.13; also of smell, pungent, Od.4.406;πικρὸν ὀδωδώς Alciphr. 3.59
. (This sense prevails in the derived and compd. words.)2 of feeling, sharp, keen,ὠδῖνες Il.11.271
, S.Tr.41.3 of sound, piercing, shrill, (lyr.); ; γόοι, ὄδυρμα, E.Ph. 883, Tr. 1227 (lyr.);πικροτάτη ὄψ Ar. Pax 805
(lyr.).III metaph.,1 of things, bitter, esp. of what yields pain instead of expected pleasure, freq. in threats, μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι (v.l. ἴδηαι) Od.17.448, cf. Ar.Av. 1045, Th. 883 (lyr.), E.Med. 399, IA 955, Ba. 357, Cyc. 589;π. Σίγειον κατηγόμην S.Ph. 355
;τὸ πὰρ δίκαν γλυκὺ πικροτάτα μένει τελευτά Pi.I.7(6).48
, cf. A.Ag. 745 (lyr.) ; τιμωρία, ἀγῶνες, Id.Pers. 473, S.Aj. 1239 ; δύαι, χεῖμα, A.Pr. 180 (lyr.), Ag. 198 (lyr.) ;πικρότερ' ἀχέων Id.Supp. 875
(lyr.); ;πικροτάτου χρυσοῦ φύλαξ Id.Hec. 772
; ;ἔχει τι τὸ π. τῆς γεωργίας γλυκύ Men.795
: c. inf.,μὴ λίαν πικρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ D.1.26
.2 so of persons, prob. in Sapph.Supp.4.1 ([comp] Comp.) ;γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π. Sol.13.5
, cf. Thgn.301, A.Ch. 234, Eu. 152 (lyr.), etc. ;ἔς τινας Hdt.1.123
: abs., A.Pr. 739, Th940(lyr.); π. θεοῖς hateful to them, S.Ph. 254;π. πολίταις E.Med. 224
, cf. Supp. 1222 ; ἐμοὶ π. τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς his death is matter of sorrow to me, S.Aj. 966 ; δαίμων π., of untimely death (Lat. acerbus), IG3.1338.4 relentless, ; spiteful, mean, vindictive,βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόν D.18.108
;π. καὶ συκοφάντης Id.25.45
, cf. Arist.Rh. 1368b21, EN 1126a19 : in Com. of old men,σκυθρός, π., φειδωλός Men.10
, cf. 825, 843, Georg.Fr.3. Adv. - ρῶς pedantically, D.H.Lys.6; with rigid accuracy, Apollon.Cit.3, Plu.2.659f.IV Adv. - ρῶς harshly, bitterly, vindictively, A.Pr. 197, S.OC 990 ;π. ἐξετάσαι D.2.27
, 18.265 ; π. ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας, Id.10.54, Ep.3.10 ; , cf. Andr. 190;ἔκλαυσε π. Ev.Matt.26.75
: [comp] Comp. , etc.: [comp] Sup.- ότατα Plb.1.72.3
. [[pron. full] ῑ in Hom. and [dialect] Ep.; [pron. full] ῐ freq. in Trag., as A.Pers. 473, Ag. 970, S.Aj. 500, E. Hec. 772, and in Theoc.8.74 : ι therefore is not long by nature as in μικρός.] -
14 στομαλίμνη
στομᾰ-λίμνη, ἡ,A like λιμνοθάλαττα, salt-water lake, lagoon, Str.4.1.8, 13.1.31; μεσσηγὺς ποταμοῖο Σκαμάνδρου καὶ στομαλίμνης v.l. (ap. Sch.) in Il.6.4.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > στομαλίμνη
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15 συρμαία
Aσυρμός 11
) purge-plant, a name given to the radish, as used by the Egyptians (cf. μελανοσυρμαῖος), Hdt.2.88, 125, Ar. Pax 1254, PPetr.3p.327 (iii B.C.), D.S.1.64, cf. Erot. s.v. ἀπὸ συρμαϊσμοῦ, Did. ap. Sch.Ar. l.c.:—its juice mixed with salt water they used as a purgative and emetic, Hp.Mul.1.78, cf. Hsch.II a mixture of honey and suet, given as a prize at Sparta, in a contest of the same name, IG5(1).222.7 (v B.C. ?), Hsch.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συρμαία
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16 χνόος
Aχνοός Choerob. in Theod.1.234H.
; dat.χνοΐ Thphr.CP6.10.7
, Gal.13.850:—ἁλὸς χ. incrustation from salt water, ἔκ κεφαλῆς ἔσμηχεν ἁλὸς χνόον, Od.6.226; wool pulled for stuffing cushions, flock, f.l. for μνοῦς in Hp.Mul.1.61; used in applying a powder, Gal. l.c.; chaff, LXXPs.1.4: powder, prov., [ὄνος] εἰς ἄχυρα καὶ χνοῦν Ar.Fr.76
; dust of the earth, LXX 2 Ki.22.43, 2 Ch.1.9; ὡς δοκεῖν τοῦ καλουμένου χνοῦ μεστοὺς εἶναι (sc. τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς) Gal.16.552.II fine down on a flower or in the seed-vessel, Thphr.HP2.8.4, D.S.2.59: bloom on fruit,ἐν Καρίᾳ φασὶν ἄπιόν τιν' ἔχειν χνοῦν ἁλμώδη Thphr.CP6.10.7
;μάλων χνοῦς ἐπικαρπίδιος AP9.226
(Zon.); the first down on the chin or cheeks,χνοῦς ὥσπερ μήλοισιν ἐπήνθει Ar.Nu. 978
(anap.); (Diod.);θηλείαις οὐδ' ὅσσον ἐπὶ χνόος ἦλθε παρειαῖς Call.Ap.37
;ἐντίκτει τι χνοῦ ἀνάπλεων Arist.HA 605b15
: pl., D.H.Dem.51.2 metaph., bloom or film of archaism in writing, ὅ τε πίνος αὐτῇ (i.e. in Plato's style) [καὶ χ.] ὁ τῆς ἀρχαιότητος.. ἐπιτρέχει interpol. in D.H.Dem.5; ἐπανθεῖ τις.. χνοῦς ἀρχαιοπινής ib.38, cf. Plu.2.79d; οἱονεὶ τῆς γονίμου φύσεως χ., of χλόη, Porph.Abst.2.5. (Cf. χνιαρωτέρα, χνίει.) -
17 ἁλίκρας
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἁλίκρας
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18 ὑδράλμη
ὑδράλμη, ἡ,A salt water, Antyll. ap. Orib.4.11.13.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑδράλμη
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19 ἁλμυρός
ἁλμυρός: only ἁλμυρὸν ὕδωρ, salt water. (Od.)A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἁλμυρός
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20 ἐκπτύω
ἐκ - πτύω: only aor. ἐξέπτυσε, spat forth, salt water, Od. 5.322†.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἐκπτύω
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