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41 distance learning
Gen Mgta course of study that involves minimal or no attendance at an academic institution, but relies instead on personal study, using books, audiovisual materials, and computer-based materials. Tutorial support may be available via the telephone or Internet, and attendance at weekend or summer schools may be required. Distance learning is similar to open learning. -
42 surplus capacity
Opsthe capability of a factory or workstation to produce output over and above the level required by consumers or subsequent processes. Surplus capacity is a product of materials, personnel, and equipment that are superfluous, or not working to maximum capacity. Some surplus capacity is required in any production system to deal with fluctuations in demand, and as a backup in case of failure. Excessive surplus capacity, however, adds to the cost of the production process as work-in-process inventory or finished-goods storage increases, and can result in overcapacity. If a workstation has no surplus capacity its workloads cannot be increased, so it is at risk of becoming a bottleneck. -
43 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
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44 зона передачи материала
зона передачи материала
Пункт на периметре объекта для досмотра товаров/материалов неаккредитованного лица/транспортного средства. Далее в безопасную зону объекта поступают только товары и материалы, которые затем подлежат транспортировке до места назначения силами ОКОИ (обычно функцией «Логистика»).
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
material transfer area (MTA)
Location at the perimeter of a venue to screen goods/materials from a potential non-accredited person/vehicle. Only the goods and materials enter the secure area of the venue and they would then be transported by the OCOG (usually Logistics) to the required destination.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > зона передачи материала
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45 material transfer area (MTA)
зона передачи материала
Пункт на периметре объекта для досмотра товаров/материалов неаккредитованного лица/транспортного средства. Далее в безопасную зону объекта поступают только товары и материалы, которые затем подлежат транспортировке до места назначения силами ОКОИ (обычно функцией «Логистика»).
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
material transfer area (MTA)
Location at the perimeter of a venue to screen goods/materials from a potential non-accredited person/vehicle. Only the goods and materials enter the secure area of the venue and they would then be transported by the OCOG (usually Logistics) to the required destination.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > material transfer area (MTA)
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46 несмотря на то, что
•These colours are also being used despite (or in spite of) the fact that relatively expensive raw materials are sometimes required.
•The radiant power differs in wavelength, even though the monochromator is set to the same nominal wavelength.
•The subesophageal and thoracic ganglia, even though near one another, usually remain distinct.
•Although most common minerals are relatively inactive,...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > несмотря на то, что
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47 от ... до
•Between 25 and 30 rivets can be fixed per minute.
•The plant was required to operate at loads between 10 and 100% (or from 10 to 100%).
•The width of the land of the cutting edge should be about one-fifth the distance from tooth to tooth.
•The tubes have an outside diameter of ( from) 10 to 25 cm.
•A group of devices used for detecting infrared radiation requires energy gaps. 5 down to 0. 1 eV or even less.
•The automatic and semiautomatic drills are good for a variety of materials ranging from soft wood and synthetic products to mild steel and cast iron.
•The estimates range anywhere from $50,000 to $500,000.
•Dense shale and limestone have porosities in the range from 1% to 10%.
•The aggregate has a gray-to-black colour.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > от ... до
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48 улучшать
•Such approaches are required to perfect separation schemes.
•The discoveries scientists have made in bettering the flavour and texture of margarine...
•This further enhances the appearance of the apparatus.
•The equipment should gain in performance through the application of...
•Efforts to improve ( upon) the characteristics...
•This makes for good circulation.
•Glass and mica will upgrade organic materials.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > улучшать
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49 MPR
1) Медицина: Mutual Recognition Procedure2) Американизм: Mass Property Report, More Partisan Rhetoric3) Военный термин: master personnel record, material purchase requisition, military pay record, military personnel record, mobilization production requirements, monthly progress report4) Техника: malfunction problem report, mask-making positive resist, mass of propellant for return trip, mechanical pressure regulator5) Математика: наиболее мощный ранговый (критерий)6) Юридический термин: Superior Court Mental Proceedings Rules (court rules)7) Бухгалтерия: Minimum Price Required8) Телекоммуникации: Multiprotocol Router (NetWare), Multiple Provider Router (Windows 95)9) Сокращение: Major Project Report, Manpack Radio, Mars Pressurized Rover, Medium Power Radar, Military Power Reserve, Multi-band Pulsed Radar, monopulse radar10) Вычислительная техника: MultiProtocol Router, NetWare, Multiple Provider Router, Multivendor Protocol Router, Mars Pressurized Rover (Space), MultiProtocol routing, регистр состояния машины11) Нефть: maximum permissive rate, maximum production rate, motor protection relay, отчёт о последствиях нарушения работоспособности (malfunction problem report)12) Энергетика: модульный регулятор мощности, modular power regulator13) Полицейский термин: missing person report15) Деловая лексика: MARKETING and PUBLIC RELATIONS16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: MinPrirody, rf ministry of natural resources17) Производство: (monthly performance review) обзор деятельности предприятия за месяц18) Сетевые технологии: Multi Provider Router, Multiprotocol Router, многопротокольный маршрутизатор19) Полимеры: Materials and Process Requirements20) Сахалин Р: MinPrirody (RF Ministry of Natural Resources)21) Океанография: Monthly Program Review22) Медицинская техника: multiplanar reconstruction (многоплоскостная реконструкция, многоплоскостная реформация)23) Расширение файла: Multipart Repeater, Generated executable menu file (FoxPro), Multi Protocol Router (Novell)24) Электротехника: main processor25) Общественная организация: Michigan Pug Rescue26) Чат: Marketing Personal Relations27) NYSE. Met Pro Corporation28) Аэропорты: McPherson, Kansas USA -
50 RMF
1) Компьютерная техника: Resource Management Facility2) Спорт: Rocky Mountain Freestyle3) Военный термин: Resource Measurement Facility, Royal Marine Force, Royal Munster Fusiliers, required military forces, resources and materials file4) Техника: reactivity measurement facility5) Юридический термин: Racial Modification Factor6) Сокращение: Reconfigurable Modular Family7) Вычислительная техника: Resource Measurement Facility (IBM, MVS)8) Нефть: mud cake resistivity, mud filtrate resistivity9) Сетевые технологии: Remote Management Facility, средство удалённого управления10) Безопасность: Reputation Management Framework11) Расширение файла: Rich Music Format, Rich Music Format (Beatnik)12) Общественная организация: Reggie McKenzie Foundation, Risk Management Foundation13) Программное обеспечение: Radio Mobile Freeware -
51 Rmf
1) Компьютерная техника: Resource Management Facility2) Спорт: Rocky Mountain Freestyle3) Военный термин: Resource Measurement Facility, Royal Marine Force, Royal Munster Fusiliers, required military forces, resources and materials file4) Техника: reactivity measurement facility5) Юридический термин: Racial Modification Factor6) Сокращение: Reconfigurable Modular Family7) Вычислительная техника: Resource Measurement Facility (IBM, MVS)8) Нефть: mud cake resistivity, mud filtrate resistivity9) Сетевые технологии: Remote Management Facility, средство удалённого управления10) Безопасность: Reputation Management Framework11) Расширение файла: Rich Music Format, Rich Music Format (Beatnik)12) Общественная организация: Reggie McKenzie Foundation, Risk Management Foundation13) Программное обеспечение: Radio Mobile Freeware -
52 direct business base
Общая лексика: ожидаемые (Anticipated direct labor hours and dollars along with the necessary direct materials and other direct costs required to perform and complete the program efforts included in the business base) -
53 CCS
1) Engineering: CO2 capture and storage, carbon dioxide capture and storage2) oil&gas: CCS technology, carbon capture and storage3) Refractory materials: cold crushing strength, cold crushing test, gross compressive stress required to cause fracture -
54 ожидаемые
General subject: direct business base (Anticipated direct labor hours and dollars along with the necessary direct materials and other direct costs required to perform and complete the program efforts included in the business base) -
55 определение прочности при холодном раздавливании
Refractory materials: CCS, cold crushing strength, cold crushing test, gross compressive stress required to cause fractureУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > определение прочности при холодном раздавливании
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56 прочность при раздавливании в холодном состоянии
Refractory materials: CCS, cold crushing strength, cold crushing test, gross compressive stress required to cause fractureУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > прочность при раздавливании в холодном состоянии
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57 прочность при сжатии в холодном состоянии
Refractory materials: CCS, cold crushing strength, cold crushing test, gross compressive stress required to cause fractureУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > прочность при сжатии в холодном состоянии
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58 таким образом, матери
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > таким образом, матери
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59 Kit
kit1) ((an outfit of) tools, clothes etc for a particular purpose: He carried his tennis kit in a bag; a repair kit for mending punctures in bicycle tyres.) equipo2) (a collection of the materials etc required to make something: He bought a model aeroplane kit.) maqueta, kit•- kitbag- kit out
kit n1. ropa / equipowhere's your gym kit? ¿dónde está tu equipo de gimnasia?2. kittr[kɪt]1 (equipment, gear) equipo, equipaje nombre masculino2 (clothes) ropa3 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL avíos nombre masculino plural4 (model) maqueta, kit nombre masculinokit ['kɪt] n1) set: juego m, kit m2) case: estuche m, caja f3)first-aid kit : botiquín m4)tool kit : caja f de herramientas5)travel kit : neceser mn.• caja s.f.• equipaje s.m.• equipo s.m.• herramental s.m.• kit s.m.kɪt1) ca) ( set of items)first-aid kit — botiquín m de primeros auxilios
sewing kit — costurero m
b) ( parts for assembly) kit ma model car kit — un coche para armar; (before n)
it comes in kit form — venden el kit or las partes (y uno lo arma)
2) ua) ( equipment) equipo mb) ( personal effects) cosas fpl; ( Mil) petate mc) ( Clothing) (esp BrE) ropa f•Phrasal Verbs:- kit out[kɪt]N (familiar form) of Catherine; of Christopher* * *[kɪt]1) ca) ( set of items)first-aid kit — botiquín m de primeros auxilios
sewing kit — costurero m
b) ( parts for assembly) kit ma model car kit — un coche para armar; (before n)
it comes in kit form — venden el kit or las partes (y uno lo arma)
2) ua) ( equipment) equipo mb) ( personal effects) cosas fpl; ( Mil) petate mc) ( Clothing) (esp BrE) ropa f•Phrasal Verbs:- kit out -
60 kit
kit1) ((an outfit of) tools, clothes etc for a particular purpose: He carried his tennis kit in a bag; a repair kit for mending punctures in bicycle tyres.) equipo2) (a collection of the materials etc required to make something: He bought a model aeroplane kit.) maqueta, kit•- kitbag- kit out
kit n1. ropa / equipowhere's your gym kit? ¿dónde está tu equipo de gimnasia?2. kittr[kɪt]1 (equipment, gear) equipo, equipaje nombre masculino2 (clothes) ropa3 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL avíos nombre masculino plural4 (model) maqueta, kit nombre masculinokit ['kɪt] n1) set: juego m, kit m2) case: estuche m, caja f3)first-aid kit : botiquín m4)tool kit : caja f de herramientas5)travel kit : neceser mn.• caja s.f.• equipaje s.m.• equipo s.m.• herramental s.m.• kit s.m.kɪt1) ca) ( set of items)first-aid kit — botiquín m de primeros auxilios
sewing kit — costurero m
b) ( parts for assembly) kit ma model car kit — un coche para armar; (before n)
it comes in kit form — venden el kit or las partes (y uno lo arma)
2) ua) ( equipment) equipo mb) ( personal effects) cosas fpl; ( Mil) petate mc) ( Clothing) (esp BrE) ropa f•Phrasal Verbs:- kit out[kɪt]1. N1) (=equipment, gear) avíos mpl ; (=instruments, tools) útiles mpl, herramientas fpl ; (Mil) pertrechos mpl, petate m2) * (=belongings) bártulos * mpl ; (=clothes) ropa f ; (for sports) equipo m, indumentaria f ; (=luggage) bultos * mpl, equipaje mto get one's kit off — (Brit) * ponerse en cueros *, ponerse en pelotas **, despelotarse *
3) (=set of items) equipo m, kit m ; (=first-aid kit) botiquín msewing kit — costurero m, neceser m de costura
4) (=parts for assembly) (=toy, model) maqueta f ; (=assembly kit) kit m, juego m por piezas para armarcaboodlea computer in kit form — un ordenador que se vende como kit or por piezas (y lo monta uno mismo)
2.CPDkit car N — coche que se vende por piezas y lo arma uno mismo
- kit out* * *[kɪt]1) ca) ( set of items)first-aid kit — botiquín m de primeros auxilios
sewing kit — costurero m
b) ( parts for assembly) kit ma model car kit — un coche para armar; (before n)
it comes in kit form — venden el kit or las partes (y uno lo arma)
2) ua) ( equipment) equipo mb) ( personal effects) cosas fpl; ( Mil) petate mc) ( Clothing) (esp BrE) ropa f•Phrasal Verbs:- kit out
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