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81 range
[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) izbor; vrsta2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) domet3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) razpon4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) (gorska) veriga5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) pašnik6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) strelišče7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) štedilnik2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) razvrstiti (se)2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) segati3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) raztezati se•- ranger* * *I [réindž]nounvrsta, niz, veriga, serija, red (zgradb, gorá); commerce zbirka, kolekcija; lestvica, skala; skrajna meja, domet, streljaj, figuratively akcijski radij, oddaljenost; svoboda gibanja; obseg, območje, polje (delovanja), sfera, prostor; razpon, obsežnost; področje za pašo, za lov; ravnina, poljana, prerija; štedilnik, kuhinjska (električna, plinska) peč, ognjišče; (= shooting-range — strelišče); pohajkovanje, klatenje, potovanjeat close range — iz neposredne bližine, od blizuat short range — iz bližine, od blizuwithin range — na streljaju, v dostrelurange of activities — področje (polje, sfera) delovanja, udejstvovanjarange of goods — izbira, izbor, asortiment, skladišče blagarange of mountains — gorska veriga, pogorjerange of vision — vidno polje, obzorje, dogledlong range gun military daljnometni topto be out of range — biti zunaj dometa, dosegaII [réindž]1.intransitive verbstati, ležati (v vrsti, v redi), tvoriti vrsto, vrstiti se; biti v isti vrsti; razprostirati se, raztezati se, širiti se, potekati, segati (do); stati, postaviti se, namestiti se; spadati ( with k), šteti se ( with k); bloditi, tavati, begati, pohajkovati, križariti; patruljirati; variirati, kolebati ( between med); rasti, dvigati se in padati; imeti domet, nesti (o strelnem orožju); določiti razdaljo do; botany & zoology nahajati se, javljati se, najti se; gibati se (from... to od... do);2.transitive verbpostaviti v vrste, uvrstiti, razvrstiti, razporediti, urediti; izravnati; prehoditi; pluti ob, vzdolžto range the coast — pluti ob obali, vzdolž obaleto range oneself with s.o. — držati s komto range the woods — tavati, pohajkovati po gozdovihto range up the guard of honour — postrojiti, postaviti častno stražo -
82 range
[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) úrval2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) drægi, skotfæri3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) upphæð innan tiltekinna marka4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) fjallgarður5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) bithagi, afréttur6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) skotsvæði7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) eldavél2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) raða/stilla upp2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) leika á tilteknu bili3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) ná yfir•- ranger -
83 range
kilengési tartomány, lőtávolság, választék, körzet to range: rászegez (puskát), kiterjed, sorakoztat, besorol* * *[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) választék, skála2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) (ható)távolság3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) (változási) tartomány4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) sor5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) (szabad) legelő6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) lőtér7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) (konyhai) tűzhely2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) sorba állít2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) váltakozik3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) (ki)terjed•- ranger -
84 range
n. sıra, dizi, silsile, atış alanı, erim, menzil, alan, saha, otlak, açık alan, ocak, kuzine, çeşit, çeşitlilik————————v. dizmek, sıralamak, sıralanmak, sıralı olmak, sıra halinde olmak, dolaşmak, gezmek, turlamak, sürtmek, uzanmak, boyunca gitmek, akıp gitmek, tarafına çevirmek, doğrultmak, nişan almak, erimi olmak, erişmek, katılmak, bölgede yaşamak* * *1. değiş (v.) 2. menzil (n.)* * *[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) çeşit, tür2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) menzil, erim, uzaklık3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) kapsam4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) dizi, sıra, silsile5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) otlak6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) atış alanı7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) mutfak ocağı2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) sıraya koymak, dizmek2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.)... arasında değişmek, oynamak3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) uzanmak•- ranger -
85 range
• rivi• toimintasäde• toiminta-alue• tilavuus• jatkua• jono• hella• etäisyys• ala• ampumarata• ampumaetäisyysmathematics• arvojoukko• asettaa riviin• ampumamatka• asetella• alue• vaeltaa• ulottua• ulottuma• ulottuvuus• vaihdella• vaikutusalue• vaihteluväli• valikoima• vaihteluala• vaihteluraja• väli• purjehtia• kantokyky• kantama• kantoinen• kantavuus• kantomatka• keittiöliesi• ketju• levinneisyysalue• liesimathematics• funktion arvojoukko• harhailla• samoilla• sarja• sovittaa• tarpoa• kulkea• lajitelmaphysics• laajuuselectricity• piiri• luodinkantama• luokittaa* * *rein‹ 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) valikoima2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) kantomatka3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) luokka, skaala4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) jono5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) laidunmaa6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) ampumarata7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) liesi2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) järjestää riviin2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) vaihdella3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) ulottua•- ranger -
86 range
n. ruimte; veld; kring; draagwijdte; keten; baan; fornuis--------v. bereiken; uitbreidenrange1[ reendzj]1 rij ⇒ reeks, keten5 gebied ⇒ kring, terrein♦voorbeelden:psycholinguistics is outside our range • van psycholinguïstiek hebben wij geen verstand1 bereik ⇒ draagkracht/wijdte2 termijn ⇒ strekking, periode♦voorbeelden:the range of his voice • het bereik van zijn stemhe gave free range to his thoughts • hij liet zijn gedachten de vrije loopat a range of 200 miles • op 200 mijlthe man had been shot at close range • de man was van dichtbij neergeschotenbeyond range • buiten bereik, te ver wegI could not hear him, he was out of range • ik kon hem niet horen, hij was te ver weg 〈 buiten stembereik〉(with)in range • binnen schootsafstand, binnen bereik————————range25 zwerven ⇒ zich bewegen, gaan6 dragen ⇒ een bereik hebben, reiken♦voorbeelden:3 ticket prices range from three to eight pound • de prijzen van de kaartjes liggen tussen de drie en acht pondII 〈 overgankelijk werkwoord〉1 rangschikken ⇒ ordenen, (op)stellen♦voorbeelden:range a subject under two heads • een onderwerp in twee rubrieken onderbrengen -
87 range
[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) loks; klāsts2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) tālums; sniedzamības sfēra3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) amplitūda; diapazons4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) grēda; rinda; virkne5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) ganības6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) poligons; šautuve7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) pavards2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) nostādīt rindā/ierindā2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) svārstīties (starp)3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) ietvert; aptvert•- ranger* * *rinda, virkne; amplitūda, diapazons; rādiuss; loks; sfēra; tālums; diapazons; poligons; medību vieta; plašas ganības; izplatības zona; pavards; nostādīt rindā; nostāties ierindā; ierindot, klasificēt; ierindoties; pievienoties; klīst, klaiņot; pievērsties; sniegties, stiepties; būt sastopamam; svārstīties; turēt ganībās; šaut -
88 range
[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) apimtis, diapazonas, įvairovė2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) veikimo atstumas3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) ribos, diapazonas4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) virtinė5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) (neaptverta) ganykla6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) šaudykla7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) viryklė2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) išrikiuoti2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) svyruoti3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) apimti, driektis•- ranger -
89 range
n. räcka; bergskedja; vidsträckt mark, äng; räckvidd; område; stort färgurval--------v. ställa upp systematiskt; sträcka sig* * *[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) sortiment, urval2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) räckvidd, räckhåll, skotthåll3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) område, omfång, register4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) rad, räcka, kedja5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) betesmark6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) []bana7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) köksspis2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) ställa upp på rad2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) variera3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) sträcka sig över, täcka•- ranger -
90 range
[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) řada, rejstřík2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) dostřel, dosah3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) rozpětí4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) řetěz5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) prérie6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) střelnice7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) sporák2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) seřadit (se)2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) být v rozmezí3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) pokrývat, zahrnovat•- ranger* * *• rozpětí• rozsah• sortiment• střelnice• obor hodnot• dolet• dostřel• dosah -
91 range
[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) výber, paleta2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) dostrel, dosah, rozsah3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) rozpätie, pásmo4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) pásmo, séria5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) préria, pastvina6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) strelnica7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) sporák2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) zoradiť (sa)2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) byť v rozmedzí3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) zahŕňať•- ranger* * *• usporiadat• vyrovnávat• vyskytovat sa• zaradit• zaujímat sa• zahrnat• zarovnat• žit• zamierit• zaradit do systému• zoradit• zoradovat• siahat• sporák• strelnica• tiahnut sa• urovnat• týkat sa• túlat sa• preletiet• prejst• prehladat• doniest• dostrel• dosluch• behat• dohlad• chápavost• doletiet• rovnat• rást• rozpätie• rozmiestnit• rozprestierat sa• rozsah• roztriedit• retaz• pastvisko• pásmo• pást• pochodit• pobehovat• potulovat sa• postavit do rady• pohybovat sa• postavit• kolísat• merat dialku• nájst• mat dostrel• mat dolet• nosnost• niest -
92 range
[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) gamă, varietate2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) rază (de acţiune); bătaie3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) (de) ordin(ul); registru vocal4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) lanţ5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) păşune6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) teren (de tir)7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) aragaz, maşină de gătit2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) a se alinia2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) a varia (între...şi)3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) a se extinde asupra•- ranger -
93 range
[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) φάσμα, πεδίο, έκταση, ποικιλία2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) βεληνεκές, ακτίνα, εμβέλεια δράσης3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) γκάμα, κλίμακα, εύρος4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) σειρά5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) ανοιχτό βοσκοτόπι6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) πεδίο βολής, σκοπευτήριο7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) στόφα2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) παρατάσσω2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) κυμαίνομαι, ποικίλλω3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) εκτείνομαι, απλώνομαι•- ranger -
94 range
[reɪndʒ]1. noun1) a selection or variety:تَشْكيلَهHe has a very wide range of interests.
2) the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc:What is the range of this missile?
مَدى، مسافَهWe are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.
3) the amount between certain limits:I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000
مبلَغٌ يَتَراوَحthe range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.
4) a row or series:سِلْسِلَه مِنْطَقَة للمواشي مِنْطَقَة للصَّيَدa mountain range.
7) a large kitchen stove with a flat top.مِطْبَخ غاز2. verb1) to put in a row or rows:يَصْطَفThe two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.
2) to vary between certain limits:يَتَراوَحWeather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.
3) to go, move, extend etc:يَمْتَدHis talk ranged over a number of topics.
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95 range
[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) assortiment, variété2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) (à/hors de) portée (de)3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) (de l')ordre (de); étendue4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) chaîne5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) prairie6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) champ de tir7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) cuisinière2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) (se) ranger2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) varier (entre...et)3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) couvrir•- ranger -
96 range
[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) variedade2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) alcance3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) faixa, extensão4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) cadeia5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) pastagem6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) campo de tiro7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) fogão2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) enfileirar(-se)2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) variar3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) estender(-se), abranger•- ranger -
97 range
/reindʤ/ * danh từ - dãy, hàng =a range of mountains+ dãy núi =in range with my house+ cùng một dãy nhà với tôi - phạm vị, lĩnh vực; trình độ =range of knowledge+ phạm vi (trình độ) hiểu biết =range of action+ phạm vi hoạt động =within my range+ vừa với trình độ của tôi - loại =a range of colours+ đủ các màu =a wide range of prices+ đủ loại giá - (quân sự) tầm, tầm đạn; (không) tầm bay xa; (rađiô) tầm truyền đạt =within range+ ở trong tầm đạn =an airplane out of range+ một máy bay ở người tầm đạn - sân tập bắn - lò bếp - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) bâi cỏ rộng (để thả súc vật) - vùng =a wide range of meadows+ một vùng đồng cỏ mênh mông * ngoại động từ - sắp hàng; sắp xếp có thứ tự - xếp loại - đứng về phía =to range onself with someone+ đứng về phía ai - đi khắp; đi dọc theo (bờ sông) =to range the woods+ đi khắp rừng - (quân sự) bắn để tính tầm xa (của một mục tiêu) =to range a gun on an enemy ship+ bắn đại bác để tính tầm xa của một tàu địch * nội động từ - cùng một dãy với, nằm dọc theo =our house ranges with the next building+ nhà chúng tôi cùng một dãy với toà nhà bên cạnh =island that ranges along the mainland+ đảo nằm dọc theo đất liền - đi khắp =to range over the country+ đi khắp nước - lên xuông giữa hai mức =prices ranged between 40d and 45d+ giá lên xuống từ 40 đến 45 đồng =temperature ranging from ten thirtythree degrees+ độ nhiệt lên xuống từ mười đến ba mươi ba độ - được thấy trong một vùng (cây, thú vật); được xếp vào loại = Gorki ranges with (among) the great writers+ Góoc-ki được xếp vào loại các nhà văn lớn - (quân sự) bắn xa được (đạn) =the gun ranges over ten kilometers+ khẩu đại bác ấy bắn xa trên mười kilômet =the bullet ranged wide of the objective+ viên đạn đã đi chệch xa mục tiêu -
98 κρόσσαι
Grammatical information: f. pl.Meaning: `stepped copings of parapets' (M 258, 444), `courses, steps of the pyramids' (Hdt. 2, 125); πρό-κροσσοι `ranged in rows, ranks' (Ξ 35, Hdt.).Compounds: κροσσοί m. pl. `tassels, fringe' (Gal., Poll., H.); δί-κροσσος `double bordered' (Poll., EM) mit δικρόσσια n. pl. (Peripl. M. Rubr.).Derivatives: Diminut. κροσσίον (Hdn.); also as plant-name (Ps.-Dsc.); also κροσσωτός `with fringes' (LXX, Lyc., Plu.), `with steps' (Lyc. 291?; v. l. κορσ-).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Technical expression of unknown origin. Since Bezzenberger BB 12, 239 and Trautmann Balt.-slav. Wb. 139 κρόσσαι from *κροκ-ι̯αι is connected with some Balto-Slavic words for `bar, rod, rafters', e.g. Lith. krãkė `rod, staff' (formally = κρόσσα), krẽklas `rafters', Russ. krókva `bar, club, rafters' (old u-stem); MHG ragen `rise up, stand out' (Zupitza Die germ. Gutt. 122) can be explained in diff. ways. More forms in Pok. 619, Fraenkel Wb. and Vasmer Wb. s. vv. - Compared with the rare and late κροσσοί κροσσωτός, which seems derived from it, is attested much earlier and better. It is therefore suggested that κροσσωτός (and δίκροσσοι with δικρόσσια?) were formed to κρόσσαι (after θυσανωτός; cf. also κνισωτός: κνίση etc.) with transfer from architecture to tailor-work; from there again as backformation the formally difficult κροσσοί. Or comes the expression originally from weaving, to κρόξ, κρόκ-η `woof-thread' (s. κρέκω)? - Fur. 257 connects κόρση (?).Page in Frisk: 2,25Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρόσσαι
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99 Wright, Frank Lloyd
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 8 June 1869 Richland Center, Wisconsin, USAd. 9 April 1959 Phoenix, Arizona, USA[br]American architect who, in an unparalleled career spanning almost seventy years, became the most important figure on the modern architectural scene both in his own country and far further afield.[br]Wright began his career in 1887 working in the Chicago offices of Adler \& Sullivan. He conceived a great admiration for Sullivan, who was then concentrating upon large commercial projects in modern mode, producing functional yet decorative buildings which took all possible advantage of new structural methods. Wright was responsible for many of the domestic commissions.In 1893 Wright left the firm in order to set up practice on his own, thus initiating a career which was to develop into three distinct phases. In the first of these, up until the First World War, he was chiefly designing houses in a concept in which he envisaged "the house as a shelter". These buildings displayed his deeply held opinion that detached houses in country areas should be designed as an integral part of the landscape, a view later to be evidenced strongly in the work of modern Finnish architects. Wright's designs were called "prairie houses" because so many of them were built in the MidWest of America, which Wright described as a "prairie". These were low and spreading, with gently sloping rooflines, very plain and clean lined, built of traditional materials in warm rural colours, blending softly into their settings. Typical was W.W.Willit's house of 1902 in Highland Park, Illinois.In the second phase of his career Wright began to build more extensively in modern materials, utilizing advanced means of construction. A notable example was his remarkable Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, carefully designed and built in 1916–22 (now demolished), with special foundations and structure to withstand (successfully) strong earthquake tremors. He also became interested in the possibilities of reinforced concrete; in 1906 he built his church at Oak Park, Illinois, entirely of this material. In the 1920s, in California, he abandoned his use of traditional materials for house building in favour of precast concrete blocks, which were intended to provide an "organic" continuity between structure and decorative surfacing. In his continued exploration of the possibilities of concrete as a building material, he created the dramatic concept of'Falling Water', a house built in 1935–7 at Bear Run in Pennsylvania in which he projected massive reinforced-concrete terraces cantilevered from a cliff over a waterfall in the woodlands. In the later 1930s an extraordinary run of original concepts came from Wright, then nearing 70 years of age, ranging from his own winter residence and studio, Taliesin West in Arizona, to the administration block for Johnson Wax (1936–9) in Racine, Wisconsin, where the main interior ceiling was supported by Minoan-style, inversely tapered concrete columns rising to spreading circular capitals which contained lighting tubes of Pyrex glass.Frank Lloyd Wright continued to work until four days before his death at the age of 91. One of his most important and certainly controversial commissions was the Solomon R.Guggenheim Museum in New York. This had been proposed in 1943 but was not finally built until 1956–9; in this striking design the museum's exhibition areas are ranged along a gradually mounting spiral ramp lit effectively from above. Controversy stemmed from the unusual and original design of exterior banding and interior descending spiral for wall-display of paintings: some critics strongly approved, while others, equally strongly, did not.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRIBA Royal Gold Medal 1941.Bibliography1945, An Autobiography, Faber \& Faber.Further ReadingE.Kaufmann (ed.), 1957, Frank Lloyd Wright: an American Architect, New York: Horizon Press.H.Russell Hitchcock, 1973, In the Nature of Materials, New York: Da Capo.T.A.Heinz, 1982, Frank Lloyd Wright, New York: St Martin's.DY -
100 ELDR
I)(-s, -ar), m. fire; taka eld, drepa (upp) eld, to strike fire: kveikja (upp) eld, to light a fire; bregða (koma, skjóta) eldi í e-t, láta (leggja) eld í e-t, to set fire to, to set on fire; e. varð lauss ok lék skjótt, a fire broke out and spread rapidly; e. hraut af sverðum þeirra, sparks of fire flew from their swords.pp. grown old, worn by age; kvazt e. vera mjök frá úfriði, said that he was too old for fighting.* * *m., gen. ellds, also spelt ellz, [a word that may be taken as a test of Scandin. races; Dan. ild; Swed. äld; for the Teut. nations use the word feuer, fire, which is wanting in Scandin., though used by old Icel. poets, who probably borrowed it from A. S.; on the other hand, Ulf. constantly renders πυρ by fon, Icel. funi, q. v.; in A. S. poetry and in Hel. äled = incendiary occurs a few times, and älan = Lat. urere (Grein and Schmeller); Rask suggests a Finn. origin]:—fire. In cold climates fire and life go together; hence the proverb, eldr er beztr með ýta sonum, ok sólar sýn, fire is best among the sons of men, and the sight of the sun, Hm. 67: in reference to the healing power of fire, eldr tekr við sóttum, fire consumes ( cures) fevers, 138; sá er eldrinn heitastr er á sjálfum brennr, Grett. 136 new Ed.: allit., e. né járn, fire nor iron, Edda 82; hvárki egg né eld, 162; eldr ( sparks of fire) hraut or sverðum þeirra, Flóv. 29; e. þótti af hrjóta er vápnin kómu saman, Sturl. iii. 187, vide Fms. i. 292, vi. 153, vii. 338 (MS. ell), viii. 74, 202, x. 29. Nj. 74, Eluc. 19, 625. 178.β. the eruption of a volcano, Bs. i. 803, 804; jarð-eldr, ‘earth-fire,’ subterranean fire.COMPDS: eldsbruni, eldsdaunn, eldsgangr, eldsglór, eldsgneisti, eldsgólf, eldsgögn, eldshiti, eldskveykja, eldslitr, eldslíki, eldsljós, eldslogi, eldsmatr, eldsneyti, eldsstólpi, eldsuppkváma, eldsvélar, eldsvimr, eldsvirki.II. esp. in plur. a fire on the hearth; the proverbs, við eld skal öl drekka, by the fireside shalt thou drink ale, Hm. 82; allir eldar brenna út um síðir, all fires (beacons) burn out at last (of the death of an aged man): allit., eldr á arni (vide arinn). In the old halls in Scandinavia an oblong hearth was built in the middle of the hall, and the fires kindled were called langeldar, long fires, with an opening in the thatch called ljóri for a chimney; the benches in the hall were ranged on both sides of the langeldar, vide Edda 82 (the hall of king Adils); hence the phrase, bera öl um eld, to hand the ale round the fire, viz. to one’s cup fellow on the opposite bench, Fagrsk. ch. 219, Grett. ch. 10, new Ed. p. 23; elda-skálar vóru stórir á bæjuni, sátu menn við langelda á öptnum, þá voru borð sett fyrir menn fyrir (innan MS. Holm.), sváfu menn upp (út MS. Holm.) frá eldunum, Kristni S. ch. 2; þá vóru görvir eldar stórir eptir endilöngum skálanum, sem í þann tíma var títt, at drekka öl við eld, Bs. i. 42; cp. Orkn., eldar vóru á gólfinu, on the floor, ch. 18, where the fire seems to have been made in a pit (vide eldgróf) in the middle of the floor, cp. also kipti honum upp at pallinum, vide bakeldr: again, at the evening and morning meals people gathered round the ‘meal-fires’ (mál-eldar), hence the phrases, sitja við elda, to sit at the fire; vóru görfir máleldar hvert kveld í elda-skála sem siðr var til, sátu menn löngum við eldana áðr menn gengu til matar, Eb. ch. 52: máleldr, the ‘meal-fire’ or the small fire, is distinguished from langeldr, the great fire, 276; þat var í þann tíma er þeir Snorri sátu við málelda (yfir málborði, v. 1.), ch. 26; höfðu menn orðit vátir ok vóru görvir máleldar (langeldar, v. 1.), Nj. ch. 8; ok er skálabúinn var mettr sat hann við eld, Fs. 6; snýr at dyrum, er menn sátu við langelda ( in the evening), Korm. ch. 15; um kveldit er menn sátu við elda, Orkn. 448: the phrase, sitja milli elda, to sit between two fires, to be in a strait, vide Gm.COMPDS: eldahús, eldaskáli, eldaskára, eldsgörð.III. a beacon, bale-fire, Gs. 18.IV. in old poetry the fire of wounds or of Odin = weapons, the fire of the sea = gold; hauga-eldar, magical fire in old cairns; maur-ildi, a glow-worm; hrævar-eldr, a Will o’ the wisp, ignis fatuus.V. as a prefix to pr. names, Eld-grímr, Eld-járn, Eld-ríð, etc.: in names of places it denotes volcanic ground, Eld-borg, eld-fjall, eld-gjá, etc.
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