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  • 21 Singular

    ↑ Number
    В английском языке в единственном числе существительное не имеет никаких специальных показателей.
    1) Некоторые существительные, формально имеющие форму множественного числа, могут обозначать единичный или неисчисляемый объект, и в этом случае согласуются с глаголом и другими зависимыми словами в единственном числе. К таким словам относятся:
    а) barracks, crossroads, headquarters, means, news, oats, series, species, works

    I had never seen one like it before, the species was new to me. — Я никогда не видел подобного существа, этот вид был для меня новым.

    An empty wooden barracks was converted into an exhibition hall. — Пустой деревянный барак переделали в выставочный зал.

    The two barracks house about 1,000 regulars. — В этих двух бараках расквартировано около тысячи солдат регулярной армии.

    Bad news has arrived in the mail. — Одно из писем принесло дурную весть.

    б) слова, оканчивающиеся на - ics, например mathematics, politics

    Gymnastics is my favourite sport. — Гимнастика - это мой любимый вид спорта.

    в) названия некоторых игр: billiards, darts, dominoes.
    г) названия некоторых заболеваний: measles, mumps, shingles.
    2) В большинстве случаев, названия государств и организаций, представляющие собой формы множественного числа, согласуются с глаголами и другими зависимыми словами в единственном числе:

    The United States is anxious to improve its image in Latin America. — Соединенные Штаты стремятся улучшить свой имидж в Латинской Америке.

    The Netherlands is a member of the European Union. — Нидерланды - член Европейского Союза.

    3) В британском варианте английского языка собирательные существительные, т.е. слова, обозначающие группу лиц, множество предметов и т.п. (например: family, team, government, variety, number и т.д.), могут согласоваться с глаголом и другими зависимыми словами как в единственном, так и во множественном числе. Существительное police согласуется со сказуемым и зависимыми словами во множественном числе.

    The police have dropped charges against them. — Полиция сняла с них обвинения.

    The government want / wants to raise taxes. — Правительство хочет поднять налоги.

    Our team is playing well right now. — Наша команда сейчас играет хорошо.

    There are already in Boston a certain number of persons who, having no occupation, seek out the pleasures of the spirit. — В Бостоне уже появилось некоторое количество людей, которые, будучи ничем не заняты, ищут интеллектуальных развлечений.

    4) Выражения со словами every, each согласуются с глаголом по единственному числу. С none допустимо сказуемое как в единственном, так и множественном числе.

    He says that (each and) every one of these painings is a fake. — Он говорит, что все эти картины — подделки.

    Each of these exercises takes a few minutes to do. — На выполнение каждого из этих упражнений нужно потратить несколько минут.

    None of my children has/have blonde hair. — У всех моих детей тёмные волосы.

    5) Словосочетания, обозначающие сумму денег, период времени, расстояние, количество и т.п., согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе.

    Ten thousand pounds is needed to restore the building, but so far only two thousand pounds has been raised. — Для восстановления здания нужно 10 тыс. фунтов стерлингов, но пока удалось собрать только две тысячи.

    Nine years is a long time. — Девять лет - это долго.

    Ten miles is a long way to walk. — Десять миль пешком - неблизкий путь.

    Roughly 35,000 metric tons is believed to remain on the ship. — Полагают, что на борту корабля остаётся около 35000 тон (нефти).

    •

    — Образование и употребление множественного числа см. Plural

    — Неисчисляемые и исчисляемые существительные см. Countable and uncountable nouns

    English-Russian grammar dictionary > Singular

  • 22 erect

    1. a прямой

    erect image — прямое изображение; неперевернутое изображение

    2. a поднятый, стоячий; вертикальный
    3. a торчащий, вставший дыбом
    4. a физиол. находящийся в состоянии эрекции
    5. a бот. прямостоячий, неполегающий
    6. v строить, сооружать, воздвигать
    7. v создавать
    8. v выпрямлять, поднимать, придавать стоячее положение
    9. v учреждать, основывать
    10. v монтировать, устанавливать, собирать
    11. v книжн. повышать, возвышать, преобразовывать на более высоком уровне
    12. v мат. строить, восставлять перпендикуляр
    13. v мат. опт. оборачивать изображение
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. vertical (adj.) arrect; cocked; perpendicular; raised; standing; stand-up; straight; straight-up; upraised; upright; upstanding; vertical
    2. build (verb) assemble; build; fabricate; pitch; put up; raise; rear; set up; stand; upraise; uprear
    3. build up (verb) build up; construct; hammer out
    4. establish (verb) establish; found; institute
    5. exalt (verb) aggrandize; dignify; distinguish; ennoble; exalt; glorify; honor; magnify; pedestal; stellify; sublime
    6. make (verb) fashion; forge; form; frame; make; manufacture; mold; produce; put together; shape
    Антонимический ряд:
    demolish; depress; destroy; dissolve; horizontal; liquidate; lower; raze; remove; subvert

    English-Russian base dictionary > erect

  • 23 magnified

    увеличивать; увеличенный
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. extended (adj.) augmented; elevated; enhanced; extended; grown; heightened; increased; raised; risen
    2. embroidered (verb) colored; embellished; embroidered; exaggerated; fudged; inflated; overcharged; overdrew/overdrawn; overstated; padded; stretched
    3. exalted (verb) aggrandised; aggrandized; dignified; distinguished; elevated; ennobled; erected; exalted; glorified; honored; pedestaled or pedestalled; sublimed; uplifted
    4. honoured (verb) acclaimed; adored; blessed; celebrated; cried up; eulogised; eulogized; extolled; glorified; hailed; honoured; hymned; lauded; praised; resounded; venerated
    5. increased (verb) amplified; augmented; beefed up; boosted; build up; built; burgeoned; compounded; enlarged; escalated; expanded; extended; grew; increased; multiplied; pushed; rose; run up; snowballed; swollen; upsurged; waxed
    6. intensified (verb) aggravated; deepened; enhanced; heightened; intensified; mounted; redoubled; rose/risen; roused
    7. maximized (verb) maximized; overemphasized

    English-Russian base dictionary > magnified

  • 24 upright

    1. n стойка; колонка
    2. n пианино
    3. n сл. смесь пива с джином
    4. n обыкн. спорт. стойки
    5. n вертикаль

    upright course — ряд кирпичей, поставленных вертикально

    6. a вертикальный; прямой
    7. a держащийся прямо
    8. a отвесный
    9. a честный; справедливый

    pure upright character — правдивый, честный

    10. adv прямо, вертикально, стоймя
    11. v поднять в вертикальное положение, поставить стоймя
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. erect (adj.) arrect; cocked; erect; perpendicular; plumb; raised; stand-up; straight-up; upraised; upstanding; vertical
    2. honest (adj.) conscientious; ethical; good; honest; honorable; honourable; incorruptible; just; moral; principled; pure; right; righteous; scrupulous; true; trustworthy
    3. pole (noun) column; pier; pile; pole; prop; support; verticality
    Антонимический ряд:
    corruptible; crooked; devious; dishonest; dishonourable; fraudulent; horizontal; immoral; inclined; inequitable; inverted; lax; loose; prone

    English-Russian base dictionary > upright

  • 25 power

    power ['paʊə(r)]
    puissance ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c), 1 (d) force ⇒ 1 (a) pouvoir ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (e), 1 (f) capacité ⇒ 1 (e) faculté ⇒ 1 (f) courant ⇒ 1 (g) faire fonctionner ⇒ 2
    1 noun
    (a) (strength, force → gen) puissance f, force f; Physics (→ of engine, lens, microscope) puissance f; (→ of magnet) force f;
    ∎ I underestimated the power of the explosion j'ai sous-estimé la puissance ou la force de l'explosion;
    ∎ they could see the power of his muscles ils voyaient travailler ses muscles puissants;
    ∎ we want greater economic and industrial power nous voulons renforcer la puissance économique et industrielle;
    ∎ at full power à plein régime;
    ∎ the vehicle moves under its own power le véhicule se déplace par ses propres moyens ou de façon autonome;
    ∎ sea/air power puissance f maritime/aérienne;
    ∎ familiar the holiday did me a power of good les vacances m'ont fait un bien fou;
    ∎ British familiar more power to your elbow! bonne chance!□, bon courage!□
    (b) (influence, control) & Politics pouvoir m; (authority) autorité f, pouvoir m;
    ∎ the power of the Church/of student unions le pouvoir de l'Église/des syndicats étudiants;
    ∎ to have sb in one's power avoir qn en son pouvoir;
    ∎ to be in sb's power être à la merci de qn;
    ∎ to fall into sb's power tomber au pouvoir de qn;
    ∎ to be in power être au pouvoir;
    ∎ to come (in)to/to take power arriver au/prendre le pouvoir;
    ∎ to lose power perdre le pouvoir;
    ∎ to have the power to decide/judge avoir le pouvoir de décider/juger, avoir autorité pour décider/juger;
    ∎ absolute/executive/legislative power pouvoir absolu/exécutif/législatif;
    ∎ the committee doesn't really have much power le comité n'a pas grand pouvoir;
    ∎ to act with full powers agir de pleine autorité;
    ∎ the police have been given greater powers la police a reçu des pouvoirs plus importants;
    ∎ it's beyond or outside my power(s) cela dépasse ma compétence ou ne relève pas de mon autorité;
    ∎ it's beyond my power to do anything je n'ai pas compétence en la matière, je ne suis pas habilité à intervenir
    ∎ the President is the real power in the land c'est le président qui détient le véritable pouvoir dans le pays;
    ∎ to be a power in the land avoir une grande influence ou être très puissant dans un pays;
    ∎ the powers of darkness les forces fpl ou puissances fpl des ténèbres;
    ∎ the (real) power behind the throne (individual) l'éminence f grise, celui (celle) m,f qui tire les ficelles; (group) ceux mpl qui tirent les ficelles, les véritables acteurs mpl;
    ∎ also humorous the powers that be les autorités fpl constituées;
    ∎ no power on earth will persuade me to go rien au monde ne me persuadera d'y aller
    (d) Politics (state) puissance f;
    ∎ the great Western powers les grandes puissances occidentales;
    ∎ industrial/nuclear/world power (country) puissance industrielle/nucléaire/mondiale
    (e) (ability, capacity) capacité f, pouvoir m;
    ∎ he has great powers as an orator or great oratorical powers il a de grands talents oratoires;
    ∎ to be at the height or peak of one's powers être à l'apogée de sa puissance;
    ∎ it's within her power to do it c'est en son pouvoir, elle est capable de le faire;
    ∎ I'll do everything in my power to help you je ferai tout mon possible ou tout ce qui est en mon pouvoir pour vous aider;
    ∎ magical/aphrodisiacal powers pouvoirs mpl magiques/aphrodisiaques;
    ∎ to have great powers of persuasion/suggestion avoir un grand pouvoir ou une grande force de persuasion/suggestion;
    ∎ the body's powers of resistance la capacité de résistance du corps;
    ∎ she has great intellectual powers elle a de grandes capacités intellectuelles;
    ∎ Physics & Chemistry power of absorption capacité f d'absorption
    (f) (faculty) faculté f, pouvoir m;
    ∎ her powers are failing ses facultés déclinent;
    ∎ the power of sight la vue;
    ∎ the power of hearing l'ouïe f;
    ∎ the power of reason la raison;
    ∎ he lost the power of speech il a perdu l'usage de la parole
    ∎ to turn on/cut off the power mettre/couper le courant
    ∎ nuclear/solar power énergie f nucléaire/solaire
    (i) Law (proxy) pouvoir m
    (j) Mathematics puissance f;
    ∎ 5 to the power (of) 6 5 puissance 6;
    ∎ raised to the 5th power élevé à la puissance 5
    (source, consumption) d'énergie; (cable) électrique; (brakes) assisté
    (give power to) faire fonctionner ou marcher; (propel) propulser;
    ∎ powered by solar energy fonctionnant à l'énergie solaire;
    ∎ the boat is powered by gas turbines le bateau est propulsé par des turbines à gaz
    avancer à toute vitesse, foncer;
    ∎ he powered into his opponent il fonça sur son adversaire;
    ∎ the leading cars powered down the home straight les voitures de tête foncèrent dans la dernière ligne;
    ∎ his business is powering on son affaire monte en puissance
    ►► Law power of attorney procuration f;
    ∎ to give sb power of attorney donner procuration à qn;
    power base assise f politique;
    Marketing power brand marque f forte;
    power breakfast = petit déjeuner d'affaires entre personnes importantes;
    power broker décideur(euse) m,f politique;
    power cut coupure f de courant;
    Aviation power dive (descente f en) piqué m;
    British power dressing = façon de s'habiller qu'adoptent certaines femmes cadres dans le but de projeter une image d'autorité;
    power drill perceuse f électrique;
    power failure panne f de courant;
    power game lutte f d'influence, course f au pouvoir;
    power line ligne f à haute tension;
    power lunch déjeuner m d'affaires entre personnes importantes;
    American power outage rupture f de l'alimentation;
    Electricity power pack bloc m d'alimentation électrique;
    power plant (factory) centrale f électrique; (generator) groupe m électrogène; (engine) groupe m moteur;
    power play (in ice hockey) coup m de force;
    power point prise f de courant;
    power politics (UNCOUNT) politique f du coup de force;
    Mathematics power set ensemble m des sous-ensembles;
    Politics power sharing partage m du pouvoir;
    power shower douche f à jet puissant;
    power station centrale f (électrique);
    Cars power steering direction f assistée;
    power strike grève f des employés de l'électricité;
    power structure (system) hiérarchie f, répartition f des pouvoirs; (people with power) = ensemble des personnes qui détiennent le pouvoir;
    power struggle lutte f pour le pouvoir;
    power supply Electricity alimentation f (électrique); Computing transformateur m;
    power tool outil m électrique;
    Computing power unit dispositif m d'alimentation;
    power user gros (grosse) utilisateur(trice) m,f; Computing = personne qui sait utiliser au mieux les ressources de son ordinateur;
    power walking marche f sportive;
    power worker employé(e) m,f de l'électricité;
    power yoga power yoga m (forme de yoga où l'on travaille en puissance)
    éteindre, mettre hors tension
    (computer, machine) s'éteindre, se mettre hors tension
    mettre sous tension, allumer
    (computer, machine) se mettre sous tension, s'allumer
    ✾ Book 'The Power and the Glory' Greene 'La Puissance et la gloire'

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > power

  • 26 δόξα

    δόξα, ης, ἡ (s. δοξάζω; in var. mngs. Hom.+; in Ath. ‘meaning’). In many of the passages in our lit. the OT and Gr-Rom. perceptions of dependence of fame and honor on extraordinary performance deserve further exploration. SIG 456, 15 is typical: concern for others leads to enhancement of one’s δόξα or reputation. The Common Gk. usage of δ. in sense of ‘notion, opinion’ is not found in the NT.
    ① the condition of being bright or shining, brightness, splendor, radiance (a distinctive aspect of Hb. כָּבוֹד).
    ⓐ of physical phenomena (PGM 13, 189 τὴν δόξαν τοῦ φωτός, cp. 298ff. On this Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 357ff, also 314 δόξα ἐκ τ. πυρός [cp. Just., D. 128]; 315 φῶς κ. δόξαν θεῖαν [=Cleopatra 150]; LXX; TestJob 43:6 τῆ λαμπάδα αὐτοῦ) οὐκ ἐνέβλεπον ἀπὸ τῆς δ. τοῦ φωτός I could not see because of the brightness of the light Ac 22:11; ὁρᾶν τὴν δ. see the radiance Lk 9:32; cp. vs. 31. Everything in heaven has this radiance: the radiant bodies in the sky 1 Cor 15:40f (cp. PGM 13, 64 σὺ ἔδωκας ἡλίῳ τὴν δόξαν κ. δύναμιν; 448; Sir 43:9, 12; 50:7).
    ⓑ of humans involved in transcendent circumstances, and also transcendent beings: cherubim (Sir 49:8; Ezk 10:4) Hb 9:5; angels Lk 2:9; Rv 18:1. Esp. of God’s self (Ex 24:17; 40:34; Num 14:10; Bar 5:9 τὸ φῶς τῆς δόξης αὐτου; Tob 12:15; 13:16 BA; 2 Macc 2:8; SibOr 5, 427) ὁ θεὸς τῆς δ. (En 25:7) Ac 7:2 (Ps 28:3); cp. J 12:41 (Is 6:1); Ac 7:55; 2 Th 1:9; 2 Pt 1:17b; Rv 15:8; 19:1; 21:11, 23. ὁ πατὴρ τῆς δ. Eph 1:17; βασιλεὺς τῆς δ. AcPl BMM verso 24 and 26. But also of those who appear before God: Moses 2 Cor 3:7–11, 18 (Just., D. 127, 3; cp. Ἀδὰμ τῆς δ. θεοῦ ἐγυμνώθη GrBar 4:16); Christians in the next life 1 Cor 15:43; Col 3:4. The δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ as it relates to the final judgment Ro 3:23; 5:2 (but s. 3); Jesus himself has a σῶμα τῆς δ. radiant, glorious body Phil 3:21; cp. 2 Cl 17:5. Christ is the κύριος τ. δόξης 1 Cor 2:8 (cp. En 22:14; 27:3, 5; 36:4; 40:3 of God; PGM 7, 713 κύριοι δόξης of deities).—The concept has been widened to denote the glory, majesty, sublimity of God in general (PGM 4, 1202 ἐφώνησά σου τ. ἀνυπέρβλητον δόξαν; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 1, 24 οἰκοδομεῖν … ναὸν δόξης θεοῦ) ἀλλάσσειν τὴν δ. τοῦ θεοῦ exchange the majesty of God Ro 1:23; κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ Jd 24 (cp. En 104:1)=before himself. Christ was raised fr. the dead διὰ τῆς δ. τοῦ πατρός by the majesty (here, as in J 2:11, the thought of power, might is also present; cp. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 344, 359 and PGM 4, 1650 δὸς δόξαν καὶ χάριν τῷ φυλακτηρίῳ τούτῳ; Wsd 9:11 φυλάξει με ἐν τ. δόξῃ; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 45.—JVogel, Het sanscrit woord tejas [=gloedvuur] in de beteekenis van magische Kracht 1930) of the Father Ro 6:4; cp. Mt 16:27; Mk 8:38; AcPl Ha 10, 9; ὄψῃ τὴν δ. τοῦ θεοῦ J 11:40; κράτος τῆς δ. majestic power Col 1:11; πλοῦτος τῆς δ. the wealth of his glory Ro 9:23; Eph 1:18; cp. Eph 3:16; Phil 4:19; Col 1:27; δ. τῆς χάριτος (PGM 4, 1650, s. above) Eph 1:6; w. ἀρετή 2 Pt 1:3 (τῆς ἐπʼ ἀρετῇ καὶ δόξῃ διαλήψεως, ins at Aphrodisias II, 14: ZPE 8, ’71, 186); ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δ. Hb 1:3; τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δ. τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ Tit 2:13. Some would classify Ro 2:7, 10 here, but these and related pass. w. the formulation δόξα καὶ τιμή prob. are better placed in 3 below because of their focus on honor and prestige. Doxol. σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ δ. εἰς τ. αἰῶνας, ἀμήν (Odes 12:15 [Prayer of Manasseh]) Mt 6:13 v.l.; AcPl Ha 2, 33; εἰς ἔπαινον τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ Eph 1:12, 14; cp. 1:6.—1 Th 2:12; 1 Pt 5:10. Pl. Hv 1, 3, 3. κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δ. τοῦ μακαρίου θεοῦ 1 Ti 1:11. Transferred to Christ: Mt 19:28; 24:30; 25:31; Mk 10:37; 13:26; Lk 9:26; 21:27; J 1:14; 2:11; Js 2:1 (AMeyer, D. Rätsel d. Js 1930, 118ff); B 12:7; AcPl Ha 7:7. τὸν φωτισμὸν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς δ. τοῦ χριστοῦ the news that shines with the greatness of Christ 2 Cor 4:4; cp. 4:6 (cp. Just., A I, 51, 8 παραγίνεσθαι μετὰ δόξης μέλλει). Of Christ’s prestige promoted by Paul’s associates 2 Cor 8:23 (but s. d and 3 below).
    ⓒ The state of being in the next life is thus described as participation in the radiance or glory
    α. w. ref. to Christ: εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν δ. αὐτοῦ enter into his glory Lk 24:26 (βασιλείαν P75 first hand); ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δ. 1 Ti 3:16; cp. τὰς μετὰ ταῦτα δ.1 Pt 1:11 (but s. β below; pl. because of the παθήματα; cp. also Wsd 18:24; Isocr. 4, 51; POslo 85, 13 [III A.D.]), 21. ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ 4:13. Also of Christ’s preëxistence: J 17:5, 22, 24.
    β. w. ref. to his followers (cp. Da 12:13; Herm. Wr. 10, 7): Ro 8:18, 21; 1 Cor 2:7; 2 Cor 4:17; 1 Th 2:12; 2 Th 2:14; 2 Ti 2:10; Hb 2:10; 1 Pt 5:1, 4 (στέφανος τ. δόξης; on this expr. cp. Jer 13:18; TestBenj 4:1); εἰς … δ. καὶ τιμὴν ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:7 (perh. 1:11 belongs here, in ref. to sufferings that are endured in behalf of Christ). πνεῦμα τῆς δ. w. πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 4:14. ἵνα πνευματικὴν καὶ ἄφθαρτον τῆς δικαιοσύνης δόξαν κληρονομήσωσιν ending of Mk 16:14 v.l. (Freer ms. ln. 11f) (Cleopatra 146f ἐνέδυσεν αὐτοὺς θείαν δόξαν πνευματικήν); ἥτις ἐστὶν δ. ὑμῶν (my troubles) promote your glory Eph 3:13 (s. MDibelius, comm. on Col 1:24ff) τόπος τῆς δ.=the hereafter 1 Cl 5:4.
    ⓓ of reflected radiance reflection ἀνὴρ … εἰκὼν καὶ δόξα θεοῦ man (as distinguished from woman) is the image and reflection of God 1 Cor 11:7 (perh. this thought finds expression Ro 3:23; 5:2, but s. 3, below); also γυνὴ δόξα ἀνδρός ibid. (cp. the formal similarity but difft. mng. in the Jewish ins in Lietzmann comm. ad loc.: ἡ δόξα Σωφρονίου Λούκιλλα εὐλογημένη; s. also AFeuillet, RB 81, ’74, 161–82). Some interpret δ. Χριστοῦ 2 Cor 8:23 in ref. to Paul’s associates (but s. 1b).
    ② a state of being magnificent, greatness, splendor, anything that catches the eye (1 Esdr 6:9; 1 Macc 10:60, 86; 2 Macc 5:20): fine clothing (Sir 6:31; 27:8; 45:7; 50:11) of a king Mt 6:29; Lk 12:27; of royal splendor gener. (Bar 5:6; 1 Macc 10:58; Jos., Ant. 8, 166) Mt 4:8; Lk 4:6; Rv 21:24, 26. Gener. of human splendor of any sort 1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:6).
    ③ honor as enhancement or recognition of status or performance, fame, recognition, renown, honor, prestige (s. s.v. ἀγαθός and δικαιο-entries; Diod S 15, 61, 5 abs. δόξα= good reputation; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 89 §376 δ. ἀγαθή good reputation, esteem; Polyaenus 8 Prooem. δόξα ἀθάνατος=eternal renown; Herm. Wr. 14, 7; PsSol 1:4; 17:6; Jos., Ant. 4, 14, Vi. 274; Just., A II, 10, 8 δόξης … καταφρονήσαντος) of public approbation (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 7, 24, 1; Did., Gen. 238, 25) ἐνώπιον πάντων τῶν συνανακειμένων σοι Lk 14:10; δ. λαμβάνειν (En 99:1; Diog. L. 9, 37 of Democr. οὐκ ἐκ τόπου δόξαν λαβεῖν βουλόμενος) J 5:41, 44a al.; sim. of God Rv 4:11 and the Lamb 5:12 receiving honor. J 8:54 (=make high claims for myself); 12:43a (cp. 8:50); Ro 9:4; 2 Cor 6:8 (opp. ἀτιμία); 1 Th 2:6; 1 Cl 3:1; B 19:3; Hv 1, 1, 8. Gener. γυνὴ … ἐὰν κομᾷ, δόξα αὐτῇ ἐστιν, i.e. she enjoys a favorable reputation 1 Cor 11:15 (opp. ἀτιμία). Oxymoron ὧν … ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν whose prestige is in their disgrace Phil 3:19. Of enhancement of divine prestige as an objective J 7:18; Lazarus’ illness redounds to God’s honor 11:4; Ro 15:7. Of divine approbation of pers. δ. τοῦ θεοῦ J 5:44b; 12:43b (cp. 1QH 17:15; 1QS 4:23); Ro 3:23; 5:2. Here also belong pass. w. the form δὸξα καὶ τιμή / τιμὴ καὶ δόξα (LXX; ins, e.g. OGI 223, 12; 244, 19f; 763, 37; Welles 42, 6; also PGM 4, 1616f δὸς δ. καὶ τιμὴν κ. χάριν; Just., D. 42, 1) Ro 2:7, 10; 1 Ti 1:17; Hb 2:7, 9 (Ps 8:6); cp. 3:3; 1 Pt 1:7; 2 Pt 1:17; Rv 4:9, 11; 5:12, 13; 21:26. Of pers. who bestow renown through their excellence: of Jesus Lk 2:32 (cp. Ro 9:4); of Paul’s epistolary recipients ὑμεῖς ἡ δ. ἡμῶν you bring us renown 1 Th 2:20 (cp. the Jewish ins in Lietzmann, 1d above: Loucilla brings renown to Sophronius).—Israel’s liturgy furnishes the pattern for the liturg. formula δ. θεῷ praise is (BWeiss; HHoltzmann; Harnack; Zahn; EKlostermann; ASchlatter; Rengstorf) or be (Weizsäcker; JWeiss; OHoltzmann) to God Lk 2:14. Cp. 19:38; Ro 11:36; 16:27; Gal 1:5; Eph 3:21; Phil 4:20; 2 Ti 4:18 (perh. Christ as referent); Hb 13:21; 1 Pt 4:11; 1 Cl 20:12; 50:7 al.; τιμὴ καὶ δ. 1 Ti 1:17 (s. also above as extra-biblical formulation, esp. OGI 223, 12; 244, 19f; 763, 37); cp. Jd 25 v.l.; Rv 5:13; 7:12. Doxologies to Christ 2 Pt 3:18; Rv 1:6; εἰς (τὴν) δ. (τοῦ) θεοῦ to the praise of God Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 10:31; 2 Cor 4:15; Phil 1:11; 2:11; cp. Ro 3:7. Also πρὸ δ. 2 Cor 1:20; πρὸ τὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ κυρίου (Christ) δ. 8:19. Hence the expr. δ. διδόναι τῷ θεῷ praise God (Bar 2:17f; 1 Esdr 9:8; 4 Macc 1:12): in thanksgiving Lk 17:18; Rv 19:7; as a form of relig. devotion: Ac 12:23; Ro 4:20; Rv 4:9; 11:13; 14:7; 16:9; as an adjuration δὸς δ. τῷ θεῷ give God the praise by telling the truth J 9:24.—GBoobyer, ‘Thanksgiving’ and the ‘Glory of God’ in Paul, diss. Leipzig 1929; LChampion, Benedictions and Doxologies in the Epistles of Paul ’35; MPamment, The Meaning of δόξα in the Fourth Gospel: ZNW 74, ’83, 12–16, God’s glory is manifested through the gift of Jesus’ voluntary self-surrender on the cross.
    ④ a transcendent being deserving of honor, majestic being, by metonymy (cp. Diod S 15, 58, 1 of citizens who stood out from among all others in ἐξουσίαι καὶ δόξαι=offices and honors) of angelic beings (s. Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 45; PGM 1, 199) δόξαι majestic (heavenly) beings Jd 8; 2 Pt 2:10 (s. also Ex 15:11 LXX; TestJud 25:2 αἱ δυνάμεις τ. δόξης. Also the magical text in Rtzst., Poim. p. 28 [VI 17] χαιρέτωσάν σου αἱ δόξαι (practically = δυνάμει) εἰς αἰῶνα, κύριε). Cp. JSickenberger, Engelsoder Teufelslästerer? Festschrift zur Jahrhundertfeier d. Univers. Breslau 1911, 621ff. The mng. majesties and by metonymy illustrious persons is also prob.—On the whole word Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 289; 314f; 344; 355ff; AvGall, D. Herrlichkeit Gottes 1900; IAbrahams, The Glory of God 1925.—AForster, The Mng. of Δόξα in the Greek Bible: ATR 12, 1929/1930, 311ff; EOwen, Δόξα and Cognate Words: JTS 33, ’32, 139–50; 265–79; CMohrmann, Note sur doxa: ADebrunner Festschr. ’54, 321–28; LBrockington, LXX Background to the NT Use of δ., Studies in the Gospels in memory of RLightfoot ’55, 1–8.—HBöhlig, D. Geisteskultur v. Tarsos 1913, 97ff; GWetter, D. Verherrlichung im Joh.-ev.: Beitr. z. Rel.-wiss. II 1915, 32–113, Phos 1915; RLloyd, The Word ‘Glory’ in the Fourth Gospel: ET 43, ’32, 546–48; BBotte, La gloire du Christ dans l’Evangile de S. Jean: Quest. liturgiques 12, 1927, 65ff; HPass, The Glory of the Father; a Study in St John 13–17, ’35; WThüsing, Die Erhöhung u. Verherrlichung Jesu im J, ’60.—GKittel, D. Rel. gesch. u. d. Urchristentum ’32, 82ff; JSchneider, Doxa ’32; HKittel, D. Herrlichkeit Gottes ’34; MGreindl, Κλεος, Κυδος, Ευχος, Τιμη, Φατις, Δοξα, diss. Munich ’38; AVermeulen, Semantic Development of Gloria in Early-Christian Latin ’56.—RAC IV 210–16; XI 196–225.—B. 1144f. DELG s.v. δοκάω etc. II p. 291. Schmidt, Syn. I 321–28, s. δοκέω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > δόξα

  • 27 כפף

    כָּפַף(b. h.) 1) to bend, curve. Gen. R. s. 87, end כּוֹפֶפֶת אני את קומתך … כְּפוּפִים (Potiphars wife said to Joseph) I shall bend thy proud stature (humiliate thee with slave labor); said he, The Lord erects those who are bowed down. B. Kam.55b הכּוֹפֵף … בפניוכ׳ he who bends his neighbors grain stalks before the fire (so as to make them catch fire). Num. R. s. 6, beg. נביא כופף ידיווכ׳ the prophet must bend his hands and feet to sit before (surrender his power to) the high priest; (Y.Hor.III, 48b bot. מְכַפֵּת). Cant. R. beg. לָכוֹף אזניךוכ׳ to bend thy ear and listen; a. fr.Part. pass. כָּפוּף, f. כְּפוּפָה, pl. כְּפוּפִים, כְּפוּפִין; כְּפוּפוֹת. Sabb.17a היה הלל כ׳ ויושבוכ׳ Hillel sat bent (in submission) before Shammai. Gen. R. l. c., v. supra. R. Hash. III, 4 בשל זכרים כ׳ with bent horns of rams. Yalk. Ex. 276 דוויםוכ׳ suffering and humbled (v. סָגַף, סָחַף); a. fr.Esp. the curved letters צ, פ, נ, כ, opp. פשוט the straight-lined, the shape of the final letters. Sabb.104a (symbolization of letters) נו״ן כ׳ … נ̇אמן כ׳וכ׳ Nun bent, Nun straightened, faithful when bent (in distress), faithful when straightened (raised up) Ib. 103b כ׳ פשוטיןוכ׳ that one must not write the curved letters straightened 2) to bend, force, conquer. Y.Snh.I, 18a bot. מומחה שכ׳ ודן an authorized judge that forced (the law requiring three judges) and judged singly. Y.Yeb.XII, 12c ר׳ יצחק כ׳ R. J. forced (the law requiring three judges for ḥălitsah); ib. הא רבן כ׳ it was our teacher who did it. Keth.4b אין … לָכוֹףוכ׳ no husband dares force his wife (in mourning) to paint Num. R. s. 14 (play on כף) זה אברהם שכַּף את יצרווכ׳ (some ed. שכפף) that refers to Abraham who conquered his inclinations 3) to invert, upset. Y.Ber.III, 6a top גרמתני לכוֹפְפָהּ thou didst cause me to upset it (the divine image), v. כָּפָה; (M. Kat. 15b ובעונותיכם הפכתיה). Y. l. c. מטות כְּפוּפוֹת = כְּפוּיוֹת, v. כָּפָה; a. fr.(Num. R. s. 10 כפפתו אימו, read כפתתו, v. כָּפַת.Sabb.106a הסיט כפוף Ar., ed. כָּפוּל, v. סיט. 4) to bend ones self upon, to take pains (cmp. כְּפַל). Cant. R. to I, 17 כפפתי לעקורוכ׳ I took pains to destroy the passion for idolatry. Nif. נִכְפַּף to be bent. Pesik. R. s. 28 (read:) עד שנִכְפְּפָה קומתםוכ׳ so that their statures were bent under their load. Arakh.19a שרביט שאינו נכפף a staff (of gold or silver) which cannot be bent. Num. R. s. 5, end נִכְפְּפָה היריעהוכ׳ the curtain around the Ark was bent aside (prob. to be read נכפלה). B. Kam.61a בנִכְפֶּפֶת when the fire is diverted from its course through the wind; (oth. opin.: when the fire is subdued (low) and creeping over the plants on the ground), opp. קולחת or קודחת. Cant. R. to I, 17. Pesik. R. s. 14 שתי השערות נִכְפָּפוֹת (not … פים) the two hairs (on the neck) are bent, opp. נזקפות; a. e.

    Jewish literature > כפף

  • 28 כָּפַף

    כָּפַף(b. h.) 1) to bend, curve. Gen. R. s. 87, end כּוֹפֶפֶת אני את קומתך … כְּפוּפִים (Potiphars wife said to Joseph) I shall bend thy proud stature (humiliate thee with slave labor); said he, The Lord erects those who are bowed down. B. Kam.55b הכּוֹפֵף … בפניוכ׳ he who bends his neighbors grain stalks before the fire (so as to make them catch fire). Num. R. s. 6, beg. נביא כופף ידיווכ׳ the prophet must bend his hands and feet to sit before (surrender his power to) the high priest; (Y.Hor.III, 48b bot. מְכַפֵּת). Cant. R. beg. לָכוֹף אזניךוכ׳ to bend thy ear and listen; a. fr.Part. pass. כָּפוּף, f. כְּפוּפָה, pl. כְּפוּפִים, כְּפוּפִין; כְּפוּפוֹת. Sabb.17a היה הלל כ׳ ויושבוכ׳ Hillel sat bent (in submission) before Shammai. Gen. R. l. c., v. supra. R. Hash. III, 4 בשל זכרים כ׳ with bent horns of rams. Yalk. Ex. 276 דוויםוכ׳ suffering and humbled (v. סָגַף, סָחַף); a. fr.Esp. the curved letters צ, פ, נ, כ, opp. פשוט the straight-lined, the shape of the final letters. Sabb.104a (symbolization of letters) נו״ן כ׳ … נ̇אמן כ׳וכ׳ Nun bent, Nun straightened, faithful when bent (in distress), faithful when straightened (raised up) Ib. 103b כ׳ פשוטיןוכ׳ that one must not write the curved letters straightened 2) to bend, force, conquer. Y.Snh.I, 18a bot. מומחה שכ׳ ודן an authorized judge that forced (the law requiring three judges) and judged singly. Y.Yeb.XII, 12c ר׳ יצחק כ׳ R. J. forced (the law requiring three judges for ḥălitsah); ib. הא רבן כ׳ it was our teacher who did it. Keth.4b אין … לָכוֹףוכ׳ no husband dares force his wife (in mourning) to paint Num. R. s. 14 (play on כף) זה אברהם שכַּף את יצרווכ׳ (some ed. שכפף) that refers to Abraham who conquered his inclinations 3) to invert, upset. Y.Ber.III, 6a top גרמתני לכוֹפְפָהּ thou didst cause me to upset it (the divine image), v. כָּפָה; (M. Kat. 15b ובעונותיכם הפכתיה). Y. l. c. מטות כְּפוּפוֹת = כְּפוּיוֹת, v. כָּפָה; a. fr.(Num. R. s. 10 כפפתו אימו, read כפתתו, v. כָּפַת.Sabb.106a הסיט כפוף Ar., ed. כָּפוּל, v. סיט. 4) to bend ones self upon, to take pains (cmp. כְּפַל). Cant. R. to I, 17 כפפתי לעקורוכ׳ I took pains to destroy the passion for idolatry. Nif. נִכְפַּף to be bent. Pesik. R. s. 28 (read:) עד שנִכְפְּפָה קומתםוכ׳ so that their statures were bent under their load. Arakh.19a שרביט שאינו נכפף a staff (of gold or silver) which cannot be bent. Num. R. s. 5, end נִכְפְּפָה היריעהוכ׳ the curtain around the Ark was bent aside (prob. to be read נכפלה). B. Kam.61a בנִכְפֶּפֶת when the fire is diverted from its course through the wind; (oth. opin.: when the fire is subdued (low) and creeping over the plants on the ground), opp. קולחת or קודחת. Cant. R. to I, 17. Pesik. R. s. 14 שתי השערות נִכְפָּפוֹת (not … פים) the two hairs (on the neck) are bent, opp. נזקפות; a. e.

    Jewish literature > כָּפַף

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