-
121 Baudot, Jean-Maurice-Emile
[br]b. 11 September 1845 Magneux, Franced. 28 March 1903 Sceaux, France[br]French engineer who developed the multiplexed telegraph and devised a 5-bit code for data communication and control.[br]Baudot had no formal education beyond his local primary school and began his working life as a farmer, as was his father. However, in September 1869 he joined the French telegraph service and was soon sent on a course on the recently developed Hughes printing telegraph. After service in the Franco-Prussian war as a lieutenant with the military telegraph, he returned to his civilian duties in Paris in 1872. He was there encouraged to develop (in his own time!) a multiple Hughes system for time-multiplexing of several telegraph messages. By using synchronized clockwork-driven rotating switches at the transmitter and receiver he was able to transmit five messages simultaneously; the system was officially adopted by the French Post \& Telegraph Administration five years later. In 1874 he patented the idea of a 5-bit (i.e. 32-permutation) code, with equal on and off intervals, for telegraph transmission of the Roman alphabet and punctuation signs and for control of the typewriter-like teleprinter used to display the message. This code, known as the Baudot code, was found to be more economical than the existing Morse code and was widely adopted for national and international telegraphy in the twentieth century. In the 1970s it was superseded by 7—and 8-bit codes.Further development of his ideas on multiplexing led in 1894 to methods suitable for high-speed telegraphy. To commemorate his contribution to efficient telegraphy, the unit of signalling speed (i.e. the number of elements transmitted per second) is known as the baud.[br]Bibliography17 June 1874, "Système de télégraphie rapide" (Baudot's first patent).Further Reading1965, From Semaphore to Satellite, Geneva: International Telecommunications Union.P.Lajarrige, 1982, "Chroniques téléphoniques et télégraphiques", Collection historique des télécommunications.KFBiographical history of technology > Baudot, Jean-Maurice-Emile
-
122 Goldmark, Peter Carl
[br]b. 2 December 1906 Budapest, Hungaryd. 7 December 1977 Westchester Co., New York, USA[br]Austro-Hungarian engineer who developed the first commercial colour television system and the long-playing record.[br]After education in Hungary and a period as an assistant at the Technische Hochschule, Berlin, Goldmark moved to England, where he joined Pye of Cambridge and worked on an experimental thirty-line television system using a cathode ray tube (CRT) for the display. In 1936 he moved to the USA to work at Columbia Broadcasting Laboratories. There, with monochrome television based on the CRT virtually a practical proposition, he devoted his efforts to finding a way of producing colour TV images: in 1940 he gave his first demonstration of a working system. There then followed a series of experimental field-sequential colour TV systems based on segmented red, green and blue colour wheels and drums, where the problem was to find an acceptable compromise between bandwidth, resolution, colour flicker and colour-image breakup. Eventually he arrived at a system using a colour wheel in combination with a CRT containing a panchromatic phosphor screen, with a scanned raster of 405 lines and a primary colour rate of 144 fields per second. Despite the fact that the receivers were bulky, gave relatively poor, dim pictures and used standards totally incompatible with the existing 525-line, sixty fields per second interlaced monochrome (black and white) system, in 1950 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), anxious to encourage postwar revival of the industry, authorized the system for public broadcasting. Within eighteen months, however, bowing to pressure from the remainder of the industry, which had formed its own National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) to develop a much more satisfactory, fully compatible system based on the RCA three-gun shadowmask CRT, the FCC withdrew its approval.While all this was going on, Goldmark had also been working on ideas for overcoming the poor reproduction, noise quality, short playing-time (about four minutes) and limited robustness and life of the long-established 78 rpm 12 in. (30 cm) diameter shellac gramophone record. The recent availability of a new, more robust, plastic material, vinyl, which had a lower surface noise, enabled him in 1948 to reduce the groove width some three times to 0.003 in. (0.0762 mm), use a more lightly loaded synthetic sapphire stylus and crystal transducer with improved performance, and reduce the turntable speed to 33 1/3 rpm, to give thirty minutes of high-quality music per side. This successful development soon led to the availability of stereophonic recordings, based on the ideas of Alan Blumlein at EMI in the 1930s.In 1950 Goldmark became a vice-president of CBS, but he still found time to develop a scan conversion system for relaying television pictures to Earth from the Lunar Orbiter spacecraft. He also almost brought to the market a domestic electronic video recorder (EVR) system based on the thermal distortion of plastic film by separate luminance and coded colour signals, but this was overtaken by the video cassette recorder (VCR) system, which uses magnetic tape.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Morris N.Liebmann Award 1945. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Vladimir K. Zworykin Award 1961.Bibliography1951, with J.W.Christensen and J.J.Reeves, "Colour television. USA Standard", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 39: 1,288 (describes the development and standards for the short-lived field-sequential colour TV standard).1949, with R.Snepvangers and W.S.Bachman, "The Columbia long-playing microgroove recording system", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 37:923 (outlines the invention of the long-playing record).Further ReadingE.W.Herold, 1976, "A history of colour television displays", Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 64:1,331.See also: Baird, John LogieKF -
123 PFCD
PFCD, primary flight control displayEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > PFCD
-
124 PFD
PFD, personal flotation device————————PFD, pisition finding deviceпеленгатор; прибор определения местоположения————————PFD, position fixing deviceустройство [прибор] определения [засечки] местоположения————————PFD, preliminary functional descriptionпредварительное функциональное описание [характеристика]————————PFD, preparation for deliveryподготовка к отправке [поставке]————————PFD, present for duty"прибыл для прохождения службы"; "приступил к исполнению служебных обязанностей"————————PFD, primary flight display————————PFD, private for durationразг "вечный рядовой"English-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > PFD
-
125 console
[̈ɪkənˈsəul]alternate console вчт. запасной пульт computer console вчт. пульт вычислительной машины console архит., тех. корпус радиоприемника (телевизора и т. п. стоящий на полу) console вчт. консоль console архит., тех. консоль, кронштейн console вчт. пульт console утешать data station console вчт. пульт обработки данных display console вчт. дисплейный пульт operating console вчт. пульт управления primary console вчт. основной пульт remote console вчт. дистанционный пульт supervisory console вчт. диспетчерский пульт test console вчт. испытательный пульт typewriter console вчт. телетайпный пульт user console вчт. пульт пользователя virtual console вчт. виртуальный терминал -
126 facility
n1) апаратура, обладнання3) об'єкт, виробниче приміщення5) мн. засоби, служби•- aircraft manufacturing facilityies - aircraft standby facilityies - air/ground facilityies - air navigation facilityies - airport storage facilityies - air route facilityies - airways facilityies - altitude test facilityies - anechoic test facilityies - approach facilityies - baggage check-in facilityies - basic radio facilityies - cargo handling facilityies - clearance facilityies - communication facilityies - communication security facilityies - computer facility - computer-aided design facilityies - computer-aided manufacturing facilityies - conference facilityies - deep space instrumentation facility - display facilityies - educational facilityies - electrical facilityies - en-route navigation facilityies - ground facilityies - ground handling facilityies - guidance facilityies - job-shop production facilityies - landing facilityies - landing area facilityies - lighting facilityies - maintenance facilityies - navigational facilityies - operating facilityies - orbital facility - primary radio facilityies - processing facilityies - radar facilityies - radio facilityies - radio navigation facilityies - ramp facilityies - repair facilityies - rescue facilityies - route air navigation facilityies - satellite transmission facilityies - secondary radio facilityies - security facilityies - single facility - space launch facility - standby facility - tactical air navigation facilityies - terminal navigation facilityies - test facilityies - transportation facilityies - unechoic wind tunnel facility - weightless environment training facility
См. также в других словарях:
display medium — UK US noun [C] (plural display media) ► MARKETING a method of attracting attention to products that are for sale: »Advertising spending has started to turn around, with outdoor advertising outperforming most other display media. ► a method of… … Financial and business terms
Display resolution — For screen sizes (typically in inches, measured in the diagonal), see Display size. For a list of particular display resolutions, see Graphic display resolutions. This chart shows the most common display resolutions, with the color of each… … Wikipedia
Primary color — Primary colors are sets of colors that can be combined to make a useful range (gamut) of colors. For human applications, three are often used; for additive combination of colors, as in overlapping projected lights or in CRT displays, the primary… … Wikipedia
Primary flight display — A primary flight display or PFD is a modern aircraft instrument dedicated to flight information. Much like multi function displays, primary flight displays are built around an LCD or CRT display device. Representations of older six pack or steam… … Wikipedia
primary flight display — An integrated display of flight instruments on LCD (liquid crystal display) panels. These can be switched to display any of the data, zoomed, etc. The primary flight display provides the following: attitude of aircraft, pressure altitude,… … Aviation dictionary
Primary Surface — I Primary Surface [dt. »primäre Oberfläche«] die, Teil der Bilddaten in einem Bildschirmspeicher, der zum sichtbaren Bildbereich gehört (im Unterschied zu den nicht sichtbaren, den Offscreen Surfaces, dt. »Oberflächen außerhalb des… … Universal-Lexikon
primary navigation display — An integrated display of navigational data. Besides providing basic data such as heading, air speed, and altitude, it can provide: i. The VOR (very high frequency omnidirectional radio range) indications in a full compass rose mode or partial… … Aviation dictionary
LC-Display — Ein Flüssigkristallbildschirm oder eine Flüssigkristallanzeige (englisch liquid crystal display, LCD), ist ein Bildschirm oder eine Anzeige (englisch display), dessen Funktion darauf beruht, dass Flüssigkristalle die Polarisationsrichtung von… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Liquid Crystal Display — Ein Flüssigkristallbildschirm oder eine Flüssigkristallanzeige (englisch liquid crystal display, LCD), ist ein Bildschirm oder eine Anzeige (englisch display), dessen Funktion darauf beruht, dass Flüssigkristalle die Polarisationsrichtung von… … Deutsch Wikipedia
TFT-Display — Ein Flüssigkristallbildschirm oder eine Flüssigkristallanzeige (englisch liquid crystal display, LCD), ist ein Bildschirm oder eine Anzeige (englisch display), dessen Funktion darauf beruht, dass Flüssigkristalle die Polarisationsrichtung von… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Multi-primary color display — is a display that contains an additional primary colors to the standard RGB colors cyan, magenta, and yellow. This technology, in theory, could reproduce all color gamut which the human eye can see. Quattron In 2010, Sharp introduced Quattron, an … Wikipedia