-
1 spiral
['spaɪərl] 1. nspirala f2. vi ( fig)prices etc wzrastać (wzrosnąć perf) gwałtownie* * *1. adjective1) (coiled round like a spring, with each coil the same size as the one below: a spiral staircase.) spiralny2) (winding round and round, usually tapering to a point: a spiral shell.) spiralny, śrubowaty2. noun1) (an increase or decrease, or rise or fall, becoming more and more rapid (eg in prices).) spirala2) (a spiral line or object: A spiral of smoke rose from the chimney.) spirala3. verb(to go or move in a spiral, especially to increase more and more rapidly: Prices have spiralled in the last six months.) wzrastać gwałtownie- spirally -
2 come
[kʌm]1) ( movement towards) ( on foot) przychodzić (przyjść perf); ( by car etc) przyjeżdżać (przyjechać perf)3) ( reach)to come to — sięgać (sięgnąć perf) or dochodzić (dojść perf) do +gen
to come to power — obejmować (objąć perf) władzę
to come to a decision — podejmować (podjąć perf) decyzję
4) ( occur)5) (be, become)Phrasal Verbs:- come by- come in- come off- come on- come out- come to- come up* * *1. past tense - came; verb1) (to move etc towards the person speaking or writing, or towards the place being referred to by him: Come here!; Are you coming to the dance?; John has come to see me; Have any letters come for me?) przyjść2) (to become near or close to something in time or space: Christmas is coming soon.) nadchodzić3) (to happen or be situated: The letter `d' comes between `c' and è' in the alphabet.) następować4) ((often with to) to happen (by accident): How did you come to break your leg?) stawać się5) (to arrive at (a certain state etc): What are things coming to? We have come to an agreement.) dochodzić6) ((with to) (of numbers, prices etc) to amount (to): The total comes to 51.) czynić2. interjection(expressing disapproval, drawing attention etc: Come, come! That was very rude of you!) Ale ale!, Ejże!, NO no!- comer- coming
- comeback
- comedown
- come about
- come across
- come along
- come by
- come down
- come into one's own
- come off
- come on
- come out
- come round
- come to
- come to light
- come upon
- come up with
- come what may
- to come -
3 competitive
[kəm'pɛtɪtɪv]adjindustry, society oparty na współzawodnictwie; person nastawiony na współzawodnictwo; price, product konkurencyjny; sport wyczynowy* * *[kəm'petətiv]1) ((of a person) enjoying competition: a competitive child.) lubiący rywalizację2) ((of a price etc) not expensive, therefore able to compete successfully with the prices etc of rivals.) konkurencyjny3) ((of sport etc) organised in such a way as to produce a winner: I prefer hill-climbing to competitive sports.) rywalizujący, połączony ze współzawodnictwem -
4 ceiling
['siːlɪŋ]n( in room) sufit m; (on wages, prices etc) (górny) pułap m* * *['si:liŋ](the inner roof (of a room etc): Paint the ceiling before you paint the walls.) sufit -
5 list
[lɪst] 1. nlista f, spis m2. vt( record) wyliczać (wyliczyć perf), wymieniać (wymienić perf); ( COMPUT) listować (wylistować perf); ( write down) robić (zrobić perf) listę +gen, spisywać (spisać perf); ( put down on list) umieszczać (umieścić perf) na liście3. viship mieć przechył* * *I 1. [list] noun(a series eg of names, numbers, prices etc written down or said one after the other: a shopping-list; We have a long list of people who are willing to help.) lista, wykaz, spis2. verb(to place in a list: He listed the things he had to do.) zrobić wykazII 1. [list] verb(to lean over to one side: The ship is listing.) mieć przechył2. nounThe ship had a heavy list.) przechył -
6 push up
vtprices etc podnosić (podnieść perf) -
7 soaring
['sɔːrɪŋ]adjprices etc gwałtownie rosnący -
8 rise
[raɪz] 1. n( incline) wzniesienie nt; ( BRIT) ( salary increase) podwyżka f; (in prices, temperature) wzrost m; ( fig)2. vi; pt rose, pp risenrise to power — dojście nt do władzy
prices, numbers rosnąć, wzrastać (wzrosnąć perf); waters, voice, level podnosić się (podnieść się perf); sun, moon wschodzić (wzejść perf); wind przybierać (przybrać perf) na sile; sound wznosić się (wznieść się perf); (from bed, knees) wstawać (wstać perf); (also: rise up) tower, building wznosić się; ( rebel) powstawać (powstać perf)to rise to power — dochodzić (dojść perf) do władzy
to give rise to — discussion, misunderstandings wywoływać (wywołać perf); ( life) dawać (dać perf) początek +dat
to rise to the occasion — stawać (stanąć perf) na wysokości zadania
* * *1. past tense - rose; verb1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) rosnąć, podnosić się2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) wznosić się3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) wstawać4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) powstać5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) wschodzić6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) wznosić się7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) powstać8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) awansować9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) wypływać10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) podnieść się11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) wyrastać12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) zmartwychwstać2. noun1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) wyniesienie, zwyżka2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) podwyżka3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) wzniesienie4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) początki, rozkwit•- rising3. adjectivethe rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) wschodzący, rosnący, dorastający- early- late riser
- give rise to
- rise to the occasion -
9 control
[kən'trəul] 1. vtcountry sprawować władzę w +loc; organization sprawować kontrolę nad +instr, kierować +instr; machinery, process sterować +instr; wages, prices kontrolować; one's emotions panować nad +instr; fire, disease opanowywać (opanować perf)2. n( of country) władza f; (of organization, stocks) kontrola f; (also: control group) grupa f kontrolnato take control of — przejmować (przejąć perf) kontrolę nad +instr
to be in control of — panować nad +instr
to get out of control — wymykać się (wymknąć się perf) spod kontroli
- controls* * *[kən'trəul] 1. noun1) (the right of directing or of giving orders; power or authority: She has control over all the decisions in that department; She has no control over that dog.) władza2) (the act of holding back or restraining: control of prices; I know you're angry but you must not lose control (of yourself).) opanowanie3) ((often in plural) a lever, button etc which operates (a machine etc): The clutch and accelerator are foot controls in a car.) dźwignia, pokrętło itp.4) (a point or place at which an inspection takes place: passport control.) punkt kontroli2. verb1) (to direct or guide; to have power or authority over: The captain controls the whole ship; Control your dog!) kierować, nadzorować2) (to hold back; to restrain (oneself or one's emotions etc): Control yourself!) panować nad sobą3) (to keep to a fixed standard: The government is controlling prices.) sterować, regulować•- control-tower
- in control of
- in control
- out of control
- under control -
10 slump
[slʌmp] 1. n( economic) załamanie nt, kryzys m2. vi* * *1. verb1) (to fall or sink suddenly and heavily: He slumped wearily into a chair.) opaść2) ((of prices, stocks, trade etc) to become less; to lose value suddenly: Business has slumped.) gwałtownie spadać2. noun1) (a sudden fall in value, trade etc: a slump in prices.) nagły spadek2) (a time of very bad economic conditions, with serious unemployment etc; a depression: There was a serious slump in the 1930s.) krach -
11 cut
[kʌt] 1. pt, pp cut, vtbread, meat kroić (pokroić perf); hand, knee rozcinać (rozciąć perf); grass przycinać (przyciąć perf); hair obcinać (obciąć perf); scene ( from book) usuwać (usunąć perf); (from film, broadcast) wycinać (wyciąć perf); prices obniżać (obniżyć perf); spending, supply ograniczać (ograniczyć perf); garment kroić (skroić perf); line, path przecinać (przeciąć perf); ( inf) ( cancel) odwoływać (odwołać perf)to cut one's finger — skaleczyć się ( perf) w palec
to get one's hair cut — obcinać (obciąć perf) sobie włosy
to cut sth short — skracać (skrócić perf) coś
to cut sb dead — udawać (udać perf), że się kogoś nie widzi
Phrasal Verbs:- cut back- cut down- cut in- cut off- cut out- cut up2. vi 3. n( in skin) skaleczenie nt; (in salary, spending) cięcie nt; ( of meat) płat m; ( of garment) krój m4. adjcold cuts (US) — różne rodzaje wędlin i zimnych mięs pokrojone w plasterki
jewel (o)szlifowany* * *1. present participle - cutting; verb1) (to make an opening in, usually with something with a sharp edge: He cut the paper with a pair of scissors.) ciąć2) (to separate or divide by cutting: She cut a slice of bread; The child cut out the pictures; She cut up the meat into small pieces.) ciąć3) (to make by cutting: She cut a hole in the cloth.) wycinać4) (to shorten by cutting; to trim: to cut hair; I'll cut the grass.) ciąć, strzyc5) (to reduce: They cut my wages by ten per cent.) obcinać6) (to remove: They cut several passages from the film.) wycinać7) (to wound or hurt by breaking the skin (of): I cut my hand on a piece of glass.) przecinać8) (to divide (a pack of cards).) przekładać9) (to stop: When the actress said the wrong words, the director ordered `Cut!') przerywać10) (to take a short route or way: He cut through/across the park on his way to the office; A van cut in in front of me on the motorway.) skracać, ścinać, zajeżdżać drogę11) (to meet and cross (a line or geometrical figure): An axis cuts a circle in two places.) przecinać12) (to stay away from (a class, lecture etc): He cut school and went to the cinema.) opuszczać, nie uczęszczać do13) ((also cut dead) to ignore completely: She cut me dead in the High Street.) ignorować2. noun1) (the result of an act of cutting: a cut on the head; a power-cut (= stoppage of electrical power); a haircut; a cut in prices.) cięcie, obcięcie, przerwa2) (the way in which something is tailored, fashioned etc: the cut of the jacket.) krój3) (a piece of meat cut from an animal: a cut of beef.) kawałek, porcja•- cutter- cutting 3. adjective(insulting or offending: a cutting remark.) zjadliwy- cut-price
- cut-throat 4. adjective(fierce; ruthless: cut-throat business competition.) bezlitosny- cut and dried
- cut back
- cut both ways
- cut a dash
- cut down
- cut in
- cut it fine
- cut no ice
- cut off
- cut one's losses
- cut one's teeth
- cut out
- cut short -
12 freeze
[friːz] 1. pt froze, pp frozen, viweather mrozić (przymrozić perf); liquid, pipe zamarzać (zamarznąć perf); person ( with cold) marznąć (zmarznąć perf); ( from fear) zastygać (zastygnąć perf) (w bezruchu)Phrasal Verbs:2. vt 3. n( cold weather) przymrozek m; (on arms, wages) zamrożenie nt* * *[fri:z] 1. past tense - froze; verb1) (to make into or become ice: It's so cold that the river has frozen over.) zamarzać, zamrażać2) ((of weather) to be at or below freezing-point: If it freezes again tonight all my plants will die.) być/spaść poniżej zera3) (to make or be very cold: If you had stayed out all night in the snow you might have frozen to death (= died of exposure to cold).) zamrozić, zamarzać4) (to make (food) very cold in order to preserve it: You can freeze the rest of that food and eat it later.) zamrażać5) (to make or become stiff, still or unable to move (with fear etc): She froze when she heard the strange noise.) zamierać6) (to fix prices, wages etc at a certain level: If the situation does not improve, wages will be frozen again.) zamrozić2. noun(a period of very cold weather when temperatures are below freezing-point: How long do you think the freeze will last?) mróz- freezer- freezing
- frozen
- freezing-point
- freeze up -
13 slash
[slæʃ]vt* * *[slæʃ] 1. verb1) (to make long cuts in (cloth etc): He slashed his victim's face with a razor.) ciachnąć2) ((with at) to strike out violently at (something): He slashed at the bush angrily with a stick.) walić3) (to reduce greatly: A notice in the shop window read `Prices slashed!') obniżać2. noun1) (a long cut or slit.) rozcięcie2) (a sweeping blow.) cios, ciachnięcie -
14 from
[frɔm]prep1) (indicating starting place, origin etc)a letter/telephone call from my sister — list/telefon od mojej siostry
where do you come from? — skąd Pan/Pani pochodzi?
2) (indicating time, distance, range of price, number etc) od +genfrom one o'clock to/until or till two — od (godziny) pierwszej do drugiej
3) (indicating change of price, number etc) z +genthe interest rate was increased from 9% to 10% — oprocentowanie zostało podniesione z 9% na 10%
4) ( indicating difference) od +gento be different from sb/sth — być różnym od kogoś/czegoś or innym niż ktoś/coś
5) (because of, on the basis of) z +genfrom what he says — z tego, co (on) mówi
* * *[from]1) (used before the place, thing, person, time etc that is the point at which an action, journey, period of time etc begins: from Europe to Asia; from Monday to Friday; a letter from her father.) z2) (used to indicate that from which something or someone comes: a quotation from Shakespeare.) z3) (used to indicate separation: Take it from him.) od4) (used to indicate a cause or reason: He is suffering from a cold.) z (powodu) -
15 high
[haɪ] 1. adjwysoki; speed duży; wind silny; ( inf) ( on drugs) na haju post (inf); ( on drink) pod gazem post (inf); ( CULIN) meat, game skruszały; cheese etc zbyt dojrzały, nadpsuty2. adv 3. nto pay a high price for sth — płacić (zapłacić perf) za coś wysoką cenę
it's high time you learned how to do it — najwyższy czas, żebyś nauczył się to robić
* * *1. adjective1) (at, from, or reaching up to, a great distance from ground-level, sea-level etc: a high mountain; a high dive; a dive from the high diving-board.) wysoki2) (having a particular height: This building is about 20 metres high; My horse is fifteen hands high.) o wysokości/wzroście...3) (great; large; considerable: The car was travelling at high speed; He has a high opinion of her work; They charge high prices; high hopes; The child has a high fever/temperature.) wysoki, wielki4) (most important; very important: the high altar in a church; Important criminal trials are held at the High Court; a high official.) wysoki, główny5) (noble; good: high ideals.) szlachetny6) ((of a wind) strong: The wind is high tonight.) silny7) ((of sounds) at or towards the top of a (musical) range: a high note.) wysoki8) ((of voices) like a child's voice (rather than like a man's): He still speaks in a high voice.) cienki9) ((of food, especially meat) beginning to go bad.) nadpsuty10) (having great value: Aces and kings are high cards.) mocny2. adverb(at, or to, a great distance from ground-level, sea-level etc: The plane was flying high in the sky; He'll rise high in his profession.) wysoko- highly- highness
- high-chair
- high-class
- higher education
- high fidelity
- high-handed
- high-handedly
- high-handedness
- high jump
- highlands
- high-level
- highlight 3. verb(to draw particular attention to (a person, thing etc).) uwydatnić- high-minded
- high-mindedness
- high-pitched
- high-powered
- high-rise
- highroad
- high school
- high-spirited
- high spirits
- high street
- high-tech 4. adjective((also hi-tech): high-tech industries.) zaawansowany technologicznie- high treason
- high water
- highway
- Highway Code
- highwayman
- high wire
- high and dry
- high and low
- high and mighty
- the high seas
- it is high time -
16 peak
[piːk]* * *[pi:k] 1. noun1) (the pointed top of a mountain or hill: snow-covered peaks.) szczyt2) (the highest, greatest, busiest etc point, time etc: He was at the peak of his career.) szczyt3) (the front part of a cap which shades the eyes: The boy wore a cap with a peak.) daszek2. verb(to reach the highest, greatest, busiest etc point, time etc: Prices peaked in July and then began to fall.) osiągnąć maksimum/szczyt- peaked- peaky -
17 plunge
[plʌndʒ] 1. n( of bird) nurkowanie nt; ( of person) skok m ( do morza itp); (fig: of prices, rates) gwałtowny spadek m2. vt 3. vi( fall) wpadać (wpaść perf); ( dive) bird nurkować (zanurkować perf); person wskakiwać (wskoczyć perf); ( fig) prices, rates spadać (spaść perf) (gwałtownie)to take the plunge ( fig) — podejmować (podjąć perf) życiową decyzję
* * *1. verb1) (to throw oneself down (into deep water etc); to dive: He plunged into the river.) dać nura, skoczyć2) (to push (something) violently or suddenly into: He plunged a knife into the meat.) wepchnąć, wbić2. noun(an act of plunging; a dive: He took a plunge into the pool.) nurkowanie, skok (na głowę)- plunger- take the plunge -
18 sale
[seɪl]n, cpd( selling) sprzedaż f; ( at reduced prices) wyprzedaż f; ( auction) aukcja f, licytacja f"for sale" — "na sprzedaż"
on sale — ( available in shops) w sprzedaży
closing-down or (US) liquidation sale — wyprzedaż końcowa or likwidacyjna
- sales* * *[seil]1) (the act of giving something to someone in exchange for money: the sale of a house; Sales of cars have increased.) sprzedaż2) (in a shop etc, an offer of goods at lowered prices for a short time: I bought my dress in a sale.) wyprzedaż3) (an event at which goods are sold: an auction sale; a book sale.) aukcja•- saleroom- salesman
- salesmanship
- for sale
- sale of work -
19 mount
[maunt] 1. n2. vtMount Carmel — Mount m inv Carmel; ( horse) wierzchowiec m; (for picture, jewel) oprawa f
horse dosiadać (dosiąść perf) +gen; exhibition, display urządzać (urządzić perf); machine, engine mocować (zamocować perf), montować (zamontować perf); jewel, picture oprawiać (oprawić perf); staircase wspinać się (wspiąć się perf) na +acc; stamp umieszczać (umieścić perf); attack, campaign przeprowadzać (przeprowadzić perf)3. viinflation, tension, problems nasilać się (nasilić się perf), narastać (narosnąć perf); person dosiadać (dosiąść perf) koniaPhrasal Verbs:- mount up* * *1. verb1) (to get or climb up (on or on to): He mounted the platform; She mounted (the horse) and rode off.) wspiąć się na, dosiadać2) (to rise in level: Prices are mounting steeply.) podnosić się, iść w górę3) (to put (a picture etc) into a frame, or stick it on to card etc.) oprawić4) (to hang or put up on a stand, support etc: He mounted the tiger's head on the wall.) zawiesić, osadzić5) (to organize: The army mounted an attack; to mount an exhibition.) zmontować, zorganizować2. noun1) (a thing or animal that one rides, especially a horse.) wierzchowiec2) (a support or backing on which anything is placed for display: Would this picture look better on a red mount or a black one?) podstawa, stojak•- mounted- Mountie -
20 peg
[pɛg] 1. n( for coat) wieszak m; ( BRIT) (also: clothes peg) klamerka f; (also: tent peg) śledź m2. vtoff the peg — clothes gotowy
* * *[peɡ] 1. noun1) (a usually short, not very thick, piece of wood, metal etc used to fasten or mark something: There were four pegs stuck in the ground.) kołek, zatyczka2) (a hook on a wall or door for hanging clothes etc on: Hang your clothes on the pegs in the cupboard.) haczyk3) ((also clothes-peg) a wooden or plastic clip for holding clothes etc to a rope while drying.) klamerka2. verb(to fasten with a peg: She pegged the clothes on the washing-line.) przymocować klamerkami- take someone down a peg or two- take down a peg or two
- take someone down a peg
- take down a peg
- 1
- 2
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