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1 газ-прекурсор
Ecology: precursor gas -
2 Vorläufergas
nprecursor gas -
3 Brayton, George Bailey
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 1839 Rhode Island, USAd. 1892 Leeds, England[br]American engineer, inventor of gas and oil engines.[br]During the thirty years prior to his death, Brayton devoted considerable effort to the development of internal-combustion engines. He designed the first commercial gas engine of American origin in 1872. An oil-burning engine was produced in 1875. An aptitude for mechanical innovation became apparent whilst he was employed at the Exeter Machine Works, New Hampshire, where he developed a successful steam generator for use in domestic and industrial heating systems. Brayton engines were distinguished by the method of combustion. A pressurized air-fuel mixture from a reservoir was ignited as it entered the working cylinder—a precursor of the constant-pressure cycle. A further feature of these early engines was a rocking beam. There exist accounts of Brayton engines fitted into river craft, and of one in a carriage which operated for a few months in 1872–3. However, the appearance of the four-stroke Otto engine in 1876, together with technical problems associated with backfiring into the fuel reservoir, prevented large-scale acceptance of the Brayton engine. Although Thompson Sterne \& Co. of Glasgow became licensees, the engine failed to gain usage in Britain. A working model of Brayton's gas engine is exhibited in the Museum of History and Technology in Washington, DC.[br]Bibliography1872, US patent no. 125,166 (Brayton gas engine).July 1890, British patent no. 11,062 (oil engine; under patent agent W.R.Lake).Further ReadingD.Clerk, 1895, The Gas and Oil Engine, 6th edn, London, pp. 152–62 (includes a description and report of tests carried out on a Brayton engine).KAB -
4 газофазный исходный реагент
Microelectronics: gas-phase precursorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > газофазный исходный реагент
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5 заготовка
1) General subject: billet, blank, curing, job, laying in, planchet (для монет), storage, template (Чёрно-белое растровое изображение, полученное путём сканирования или из прикладной программы и вставленное в документ Adobe Illustrator. Шаблон располагается на экране Adobe Illustrator позади рабочей картинки. Посредством шаблоно), provision, fodder, die2) Medicine: procurement (напр. консервированной крови), purveyance3) Military: stockpile hole (о скважине)4) Engineering: bar, blank part, block, feed, half-finished article, half-finished material, intermediate product, metal block, piece, pill, preform, raw material, raw stock, red-hot bar, rough part, rough workpiece, section (непрерывно-литая), semimanufactured article, stock, utilization (леса), work, work part, work stock, workpiece, Forgings, workpiecе5) Chemistry: biscuit, semi-finished product6) Construction: crude product, slab7) Mathematics: billet (metallurgy), introduction, partially finished product, preliminary survey, stocking up, store8) Railway term: preparation9) Automobile industry: work piece10) Forestry: dimension, dimension part, dimension stock, felling and primary conversion, harvesting, hewn blank, logging, stuff11) Metallurgy: blank (для штамповки или ковки), (трубная) shell, stock material, transfer bar12) Electronics: blank (фотошаблона), button14) Astronautics: billet (для адаптера), raw stock (одна и много)15) Mechanic engineering: slug16) Silicates: precursor, slug (керамической массы)17) Mechanics: raw part, rough stock18) Cellulose: first stuff19) Business: semimanufactured product20) SAP. procuring21) Sakhalin energy glossary: rough forge22) Oilfield: semifinished product23) Education: pro-forma24) Polymers: half-finished product, half-way product, parison, tablet25) Automation: bulging, diestock, green product, material blank, piece part, piece-part, preformed block, raw (primary) part, rough piece, slug (для штампов), subproduct (изделия), unmachined piece, unworked part, workblank, worked stock, workpiece blank26) Plastics: (листовая) blank27) Cables: perform28) Chemical weapons: test blank29) Jewelry: mounting (оправа без камня)30) Makarov: W (workpiece), blank (для выделки конечного продукта), button (для изготовления сплавного транзистора), pig, pill (для формования пластмасс), procurement (сельскохозяйственных продуктов)31) Combustion gas turbines: rough material, use -
6 исходный продукт
1) Engineering: stock (исходное перерабатываемое)2) Construction: raw product3) Mathematics: primary product4) Ecology: precursor -
7 Dancer, John Benjamin
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1812 Englandd. 1887 England[br]English instrument maker and photographer, pioneer of microphotography.[br]The son of a scientific instrument maker, Dancer was educated privately in Liverpool, where from 1817 his father practised his trade. John Benjamin became a skilled instrument maker in his own right, assisting in the family business until his father's death in 1835. He set up on his own in Liverpool in 1840 and in Manchester in 1841. In the course of his career Dancer made instruments for several of the leading scientists of the day, his clients including Brewster, Dalton and Joule.Dancer became interested in photography as soon as the new art was announced in 1839 and practised the processes of both Talbot and Daguerre. It was later claimed that as early as 1839 he used an achromatic lens combination to produce a minute image on a daguerreotype plate, arguably the world's first microphotograph and the precursor of modern microfilm. It was not until the introduction of Archer's wet-collodion process in 1851 that Dancer was able to perfect the technique however. He went on to market a long series of microphotographs which proved extremely popular with both the public and contemporary photographers. It was examples of Dancer's microphotographs that prompted the French photographer Dagron to begin his work in the same field. In 1853 Dancer constructed a binocular stereoscopic camera, the first practicable instrument of its type. In an improved form it was patented and marketed in 1856.Dancer also made important contributions to the magic lantern. He was the first to suggest the use of limelight as an illuminant, pioneered the use of photographic lantern slides and devised an ingenious means of switching gas from one lantern illuminant to another to produce what were known as dissolving views. He was a resourceful innovator in other fields of instrumentation and suggested several other minor improvements to scientific apparatus before his working life was sadly terminated by the loss of his sight.[br]Further ReadingAnon., 1973, "John Benjamin Dancer, originator of microphotography", British Journal of Photography (16 February): 139–41.H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London.JW -
8 обычный
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > обычный
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