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1 осаждение (хим.)
осаждение (хим.)
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
precipitation (chemical)
The process of producing a separable solid phase within a liquid medium; represents the formation of a new condensed phase, such as a vapour or gas condensing to liquid droplets; a new solid phase gradually precipitates within a solid alloy as a result of slow, inner chemical reaction; in analytical chemistry, precipitation is used to separate a solid phase in an aqueous solution. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > осаждение (хим.)
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2 усиление выпадения осадков (метеорол.)
усиление выпадения осадков (метеорол.)
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
precipitation enhancement
Increase of precipitation resulting from changes in the colloidal stability of clouds. This can be either intentional, as with cloud seeding, or unintentional, as with air pollution, which increases aerosol concentrations and reduces sunlight. (Source: PARCOR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > усиление выпадения осадков (метеорол.)
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3 аридные (засушливые) земли
аридные (засушливые) земли
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
arid land
Lands characterized by low annual rainfall of less than 250 mm, by evaporation exceeding precipitation and a sparse vegetation. (Source: LBC)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > аридные (засушливые) земли
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4 атмосферный процесс
атмосферный процесс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
atmospheric process
Atmospheric processes are distinguished in physical and chemical processes and both types may be operating simultaneously in complicated and interdependent ways. The physical processes of transport by atmospheric winds and the formation of clouds and precipitation strongly influence the patterns and rates of acidic deposition, while chemical reactions govern the forms of the compounds deposited. (Source: PARCOR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > атмосферный процесс
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5 гидрологический баланс
гидрологический баланс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
hydrologic balance
An accounting of the inflow to, outflow from, and storage in a hydrologic unit such as a drainage basin, aquifer, soil zone, lake or reservoir; the relationship between evaporation, precipitation, runoff, and the change in water storage. (Source: BJGEO)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > гидрологический баланс
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6 дождь
дождь
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
rain
Precipitation in the form of liquid water drops with diameters greater than 0.5 millimeter. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > дождь
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7 закисление почвы
закисление почвы
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil acidification
A naturally occurring process in humid climates that has long been the subject of research, whose findings suggest acid precipitation effects. The generally accepted impact of soil acidification on the productivity of terrestrial plants is summarised as follows: as soil becomes more acidic the basic cations (Ca, Mg) on the soil exchange are replaced by hydrogen ions or solubilized metals. The basic cation, now in solution, can be leached through the soil. As time progresses the soil becomes less fertile and more acidic. Resultant decreases in soil pH cause reduced, less-active population of soil microorganisms, which in turn slow decomposition of plant residues and cycling of essential plant nutrients. (Source: PARCOR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > закисление почвы
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8 защита климата
защита климата
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
climate protection
Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm from pollution to natural weather conditions or patterns, including the prevailing temperature, atmospheric composition and precipitation. (Source: DOE / RHW)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > защита климата
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9 изменение климата
изменение климата
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
climatic change
The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. (Source: GSFC)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > изменение климата
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10 использование ресурсов морского дна
использование ресурсов морского дна
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
sea bed exploitation
Marine mineral resources extend far beyond those presently exploited; minerals are derived from two separate types of marine sources: from sedimentary deposits underlying the continental shelves and from inshore deposits on the surface of the continental shelves. By far the most valuable of the mineral resources exploited from marine environments is petroleum. Offshore placer deposits on the surface of the continental shelves yield gold, platinum, and tin. On the floors of the world's oceans manganese nodules are found as a result of pelagic sedimentation or precipitation; they are small, irregular, black to brown, friable, laminated concretionary masses consisting primarily of manganese salts and manganese-oxide minerals. (Source: PARCOR / BJGEO)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > использование ресурсов морского дна
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11 истощение лесных ресурсов
истощение лесных ресурсов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
forest deterioration
Reduction of tree population in forests caused by acidic precipitation, forest fires, air pollution, deforestation, pests and diseases of trees, wildlife, etc. (Source: WPR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > истощение лесных ресурсов
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12 метеорологические исследования
метеорологические исследования
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
meteorological research
Study of meteorological elements such as wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, evaporation, solar radiation, visibility and cloud cover in order to collect data for weather forecast or for specific research purposes. (Source: YOUNG)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > метеорологические исследования
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13 поверхностный сток воды
поверхностный сток воды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
surface runoff
Water that travels over the soil surface to the nearest surface stream; runoff of a drainage basin that has not passed beneath the surface since precipitation. (Source: BJGEO)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > поверхностный сток воды
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14 производство нефти
производство нефти
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
oil production (chain)
The petroleum industry is a complex industry utilizing complex combination of interdependent operations engaged in the storage and transportation, separation of crude molecular constituents, molecular cracking, molecular rebuilding and solvent finishing to produce petrochemical products. Treatment may involve oil separation, precipitation, adsorption, and biological treatment. The refining operations can be divided into four major steps: separation, conversion, treating, and blending. The crude oil is first separated into selected fractions (gasoline, kerosine, fuel oil, etc.). Some of the less valuable products such as heavy naphtha, are converted to products with a greater sale value such as gasoline. The final step is the blending of the refined base stocks with each other and various additive to meet final product specifications. The major pollutants emitted are sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and malodorous materials. (Source: PZ)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > производство нефти
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15 смягчение
смягчение
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
softening
Reduction of the hardness of water by removing hardness-forming ions (chiefly calcium and magnesium) by precipitation or ion exchange, or sequestering them as by combining them with substances such as certain phosphates, that form soluble but non-ionized salts. (Source: BJGEO)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > смягчение
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16 тропический климат
тропический климат
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
tropical climate
A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, that is, one with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > тропический климат
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17 ухудшение качества пресных вод
ухудшение качества пресных вод
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
freshwater degradation
Pollution immediately or eventually involves the hydrological cycle of the earth, because even pollutants emitted into the air and those present in the soil are washed out by precipitation. Water is considered polluted when it is altered in composition or condition so that it becomes less suitable for any or all of the functions and purposes for which it would be suitable in its natural state. This definition includes changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of water, or such discharges of liquid, gaseous or solid substances into water as will or are likely to create nuisances or render such water harmful to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, fish or other aquatic life. It also includes changes in temperatures, due to the discharge of hot water. (Source: WPR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ухудшение качества пресных вод
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18 ущерб, нанесенный лесам
ущерб, нанесенный лесам
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
forest damage
Reduction of tree population in forests caused by acidic precipitation, forest fires, air pollution, deforestation, pests and diseases of trees, wildlife, etc. (Source: WPR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ущерб, нанесенный лесам
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19 физико-химическая очистка
физико-химическая очистка
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
physicochemical purification
Used to concentrate waste brines and to remove solid organics and ammonia from aqueous solutions. Physical treatment consists of reverse osmosis, dialysis, electrodialysis, evaporation, carbon, adsorption, ammonia stripping, filtration, sedimentation, and flocculation. Chemical treatment consists of ion exchange, neutralization, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, and calcination.
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > физико-химическая очистка
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20 экосистема аридных (засушливых) земель
экосистема аридных (засушливых) земель
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
arid land ecosystem
The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in a climatic region where the annual precipitation averages less than 10 inches per year. (Source: TOE / DOE)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > экосистема аридных (засушливых) земель
См. также в других словарях:
précipitation — [ presipitasjɔ̃ ] n. f. • 1471; precipitacion « renversement » méd. 1429; lat. præcipitatio→ précipiter I ♦ 1 ♦ Grande hâte. ⇒ empressement. Avec précipitation. ⇒ précipitamment. Il « prit le soir même la diligence de Bruxelles avec la… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Precipitation — Précipitation Pour l’article homonyme, voir Précipitation (homonymie). Répartition mensuelle des précipitations sur Terre En météorologie, le terme précipitation désigne des cristaux de glace ou des gouttelettes … Wikipédia en Français
Precipitation — may refer to: * Precipitation (meteorology), rain, sleet, hail, snow and other forms of water falling from the sky * Precipitation (chemistry), the condensation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reaction * Precipitation (horse), a… … Wikipedia
precipitation — Precipitation. subst. f. Extréme vitesse, trop grande haste. Marcher, courir avec precipitation, avec trop de precipitation. Il se dit fig. Du trop d empressement que l on a dans les conseils, dans les desseins, dans les affaires. Faire les… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Precipitation — Pre*cip i*ta tion, n. [L. praecipitatio: cf. F. pr[ e]cipitation.] 1. The act of precipitating, or the state of being precipitated, or thrown headlong. [1913 Webster] In peril of precipitation From off rock Tarpeian. Shak. [1913 Webster] 2. A… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
precipitation — (n.) late 15c., a casting down (of the evil angels from heaven), in alchemy separation of a solid substance from a solution, from M.Fr. precipitation (15c.), from L. praecipitationem (nom. praecipitatio) act or fact of falling headlong, haste,… … Etymology dictionary
precipitation — Precipitation, Praecipitatio, et Praecipitantia praecipitantiae, Precipitation de jugement, Trop grande haste de juger, Praepropera iudicandi cupiditas. B … Thresor de la langue françoyse
precipitation — [prē sip΄ə tā′shən, prisip΄ə tā′shən] n. [MFr précipitation < L praecipitatio] 1. a precipitating or being precipitated; specif., a headlong fall or rush 2. precipitancy; rash haste; impetuosity 3. a bringing on suddenly; acceleration 4. Chem … English World dictionary
precipitation — precipitation. См. преципитация. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) … Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.
Precipitation — Precipitation. См. Выделение. (Источник: «Металлы и сплавы. Справочник.» Под редакцией Ю.П. Солнцева; НПО Профессионал , НПО Мир и семья ; Санкт Петербург, 2003 г.) … Словарь металлургических терминов
precipitation — index congealment, dispatch (promptness), haste Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary