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21 Jesuit ware
Религия: (Chinese porcelain decorated with European subject matter and made in 1736-96) фарфор иезуитов -
22 Jesuit ware (Chinese porcelain decorated with European subject matter and made in 1736-96)
Религия: фарфор иезуитовУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Jesuit ware (Chinese porcelain decorated with European subject matter and made in 1736-96)
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23 фарфор
муж.;
только ед.
1) china, porcelain (материал)
2) коллект. china( ware) (изделие) саксонский фарфор севрский фарфор -
24 Cookworthy, William
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 1705 Kings bridge, Devon, Englandd. 16 October 1780 Plymouth, England[br]English pioneer of porcelain manufacture in England.[br]The family fortunes having been extinguished by the South Sea Bubble of 1720, Cookworthy and his brother had to fend for themselves. They set up, and succeeded, in the pharmacy trade. At the age of 31, however, William left the business, and after a period of probation he became a minister in the Society of Friends. In a letter of 5 May 1745, Cookworthy mentions some samples of kaolin and china or growan stone that had been brought to him from Virginia. He found similar materials at Treginning Hill in Cornwall, and between 1755 and 1758 he found sufficiently pure china clay and china stone to make a pure white porcelain. Cookworthy took out a patent for his discovery in 1768 which covered the manufacture of porcelain from moonstone or growan and growan clay, with a glaze made from china stone to which lime and fern ash or magnesia alba (basic carbonate of magnesium) were added. Cookworthy's experiments had been carried out on the property of Lord Camelford, who later assisted him, in the company of other Quakers, in setting up a works at Coxside, Plymouth, to manufacture the ware; the works employed between fifty and sixty people. In the absence of coal, Cookworthy resorted to wood as fuel, but this was scarce, so in 1770 he transferred his operation to Castle Green, Bristol. However, he had no greater success there, and in 1773 he sold the entire interest in porcelain manufacture to Richard Champion (1743–91), although Cookworthy and his heirs were to receive royalties for ninety-nine years. Champion, who had been working with Cookworthy since 1764 and was active in Bristol city affairs, continued the firm as Richard Champion \& Co., but when in 1775 Champion tried to renew Cookworthy's patent, Wedgwood and other Staffordshire potters challenged him. After litigation, the use of kaolin and china stone was thrown open to general use. The Staffordshire potters made good use of this new-found freedom and Champion was forced to sell the patent to them and dispose of his factory the following year. The potters of Staffordshire said of Cookworthy, "the greatest service ever conferred by one person on the pottery manufacturers is that of making them acquainted with china clay".[br]Further ReadingW.Harrison, 1854, Memoir of William Cookworthy by His Grandson, London. F.S.Mackenna, 1946, Cookworthy's Plymouth and Bristol Porcelain, Leigh on Sea: Lewis.A.D.Selleck, 1978, Cookworthy 1705–80 and his Circle, privately published.LRD -
25 Spode, Josiah
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 1754 Stoke-on-Trent, Englandd. 16 July 1827 Penkhull, Staffordshire, England[br]English pottery inventor of bone china and ironstone.[br]After learning the potter's trade in his father's works, Spode set up in business on his own. He especially favoured blue-printed ware, in particular willow-pattern. He also improved the jasper, Egyptian black and cream ware that were produced by a number of potters at the time. He employed William Copeland, a traveller in the trade, to market his products and together they established a base in London. He later took Copeland into partnership to manage the London end of the business. In 1800 Spode began to make porcelain and introduced bone ash and feldspar into the paste, increasing the transparency of the ware; it came to be known as that most characteristically English of ware, bone china. In 1805 he introduced an opaque ware under the name of ironstone, much of which was exported to France, where it supplanted faience ware.The Prince of Wales visited Spode's pottery in 1806 and he was appointed a potter to the King. In 1812 Spode installed a steam-engine in his works and effected many other improvements. Spode was called "the most successful china manufacturer of his time"; this seems fair, for he won both fame and fortune.[br]Further ReadingA.Hayden, 1925, Spode and His Successors: A History of the Pottery 1765–2865, London.LRD -
26 Wedgwood, Josiah
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]baptized 12 July 1730 Burslem, Staffordshire, Englandd. 3 January 1795 Etruria Hall, Staffordshire, England[br]English potter and man of science.[br]Wedgwood came from prolific farming stock who, in the seventeenth century, had turned to pot-making. At the age of 9 his education was brought to an end by his father's death and he was set to work in one of the family potteries. Two years later an attack of smallpox left him with a weakness in his right knee which prevented him from working the potter's wheel. This forced his attention to other aspects of the process, such as design and modelling. He was apprenticed to his brother Thomas in 1744, and in 1752 was in partnership with Thomas Whieldon, a leading Staffordshire potter, until probably the first half of 1759, when he became a master potter and set up in business on his own account at Ivy House Works in Burslem.Wedgwood was then able to exercise to the full his determination to improve the quality of his ware. This he achieved by careful attention to all aspects of the work: artistic judgement of form and decoration; chemical study of the materials; and intelligent management of manufacturing processes. For example, to achieve greater control over firing conditions, he invented a pyrometer, a temperature-measuring device by which the shrinkage of prepared clay cylinders in the furnace gave an indication of the temperature. Wedgwood was the first potter to employ steam power, installing a Boulton \& Watt engine for crushing and other operations in 1782. Beyond the confines of his works, Wedgwood concerned himself in local issues such as improvements to the road and canal systems to facilitate transport of raw materials and products.During the first ten years, Wedgwood steadily improved the quality of his cream ware, known as "Queen's ware" after a set of ware was presented to Queen Charlotte in 1762. The business prospered and his reputation grew. In 1766 he was able to purchase an estate on which he built new works, a mansion and a village to which he gave the name Etruria. Four years after the Etruria works were opened in 1769, Wedgwood began experimenting with a barium compound combined in a fine-textured base allied to a true porcelain. The result was Wedgwood's most original and distinctive ware similar to jasper, made in a wide variety of forms.Wedgwood had many followers and imitators but the merit of initiating and carrying through a large-scale technical and artistic development of English pottery belongs to Wedgwood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1783.BibliographyWedgwood contributed five papers to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, two in 1783 and 1790 on chemical subjects and three in 1782, 1784 and 1786 on his pyrometer.Further ReadingMeteyard, 1865, Life of Josiah Wedgwood, London (biography).A.Burton, 1976, Josiah Wedgwood: Biography, London: André Deutsch (a very readable account).LRD -
27 biscuit
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28 biscuit
1. noun1) (Brit.) Keks, derbiscuit tin — Keksdose, die
2) (Amer.): (roll) [weiches] Brötchen3) (colour) Beige, das. See also academic.ru/73191/take">take 1. 3)2. adjective* * *['biskit]1) ((American cookie) a crisp, sweet piece of dough baked in small flat cakes.) der Keks2) (a similar savoury flat cake.) der Kuchen3) ((American) a small soft round cake.) das weiche Brötchen* * *bis·cuit[ˈbɪskɪt]ncheese and \biscuits Käsekräcker pldog \biscuit Hundekuchen ma packet of \biscuits eine Packung Kekse3.▶ that [really] takes the \biscuit BRIT ( fam: sth astonishing) das schlägt dem Fass den Boden aus; (sth irritating) das ist die Höhe* * *['bIskɪt]1. n1) (Brit) Keks m; (= dog biscuit) Hundekuchen mthat takes/you take the biscuit! ( Brit inf ) — das übertrifft alles or (negatively) schlägt dem Fass den Boden aus
4) (= colour) Beige nt2. adj(colour) beige* * *biscuit [ˈbıskıt]A s1. Br Keks m/n:take the biscuit umg den Vogel abschießen;that (really) takes the biscuit! umga) das ist (einsame) Spitze!,b) pej das ist (wirklich) das Allerletzte!2. US kleines weiches Brötchen4. a) Rehbraun nb) Beige nB adja) rehbraunb) beige(farben)* * *1. noun1) (Brit.) Keks, derbiscuit tin — Keksdose, die
2) (Amer.): (roll) [weiches] Brötchen2. adjective* * *(UK) n.Keks -e m. n.Plätzchen (Gebäck) n.unglasierte Keramik f. -
29 Spode
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30 spode
[spəʋd] nфарфор, фарфоровые изделия фабрики Споуда (конец XVIII - начало XIX вв.; тж. Spode ware, Spode porcelain) -
31 Spode
nпорцеляна, порцелянові вироби фабрики Споуда (кінець XVIII- початок ХІХ cт.; Spode ware, Spode porcelain) -
32 Spode
nпорцеляна, порцелянові вироби фабрики Споуда (кінець XVIII- початок ХІХ cт.; Spode ware, Spode porcelain) -
33 plant
1) установка; оборудование2) агрегат; механизм; энергоблок3) завод, фабрика, мастерская5) озеленять, сажать•plant and machinery register — реестр машин и оборудования (напр. строительной компании)
plant for technical ceramics and verified ceramics — установка для производства технической керамики и металлокерамики
plant for the preparation and transport of mastic asphalt — установка для подготовки и транспортировки литого асфальта
- activated sludge plant - aggregate batching plant - air-conditioning plant - air-supply plant - arc welding plant - asphalt plant - asphalt-mixing plant - asphalt preparation plant - asphalt-recycling plant - assembling plant - atomic power plant - automated concrete-mixing plant - automatic plant - batch plant - batch concrete mixing plant - batching plant - batch-weighing plant - biological treatment plant - bitumastic macadam mixing plant - bitumen-melting plant - bitumen-pumping plant - boiler plant - brick plant - facing brick plant - roof tile plant - brick-making plant - builder's plant - calcining plant - cement plant - central boiler plant - central mixing plant - chlorination plant - clarification plant - clay-drying plant - clay souring plant - coal grinding plant - coating plant - combined milling and burning plant - combined photovolcanic-deolian electric plant - compressor plant - concrete-mixing plant - concreting plant - construction plant - contractor's plant - crushing plant - crushing and screening plant - curing plants for the concrete block and precast concrete part industry - cutting plant - degreasing plant - desalination plant - diesel-engine power plant - disinfection plant - district heating plant - drying plant - earth freezing plant - earth-moving plant - effluent treatment plant - electric power plant - expanded clay plant - filter plant - final-screening plant - finish coat stacking and dry mixing mortar plant - fixed plant - flash-calcining plant - floating pile-driving plant - flotation plant - fuel-burning power plant - garbage-disposal plant - gas-fired plant - gravel plant - grinding wheel plant - grit-removal plant - heating plant - high head plant - hoisting plant - hydroelectric power plant - industrial plant - iron removal plant - light plant - lime-slaking plant - lime softening plant - loading plant - low head hydroelectric plant - manganese removal plant - milling plant - mixing plant - mixing plant and pavers for hydraulically bound base courses - mobile compressor plant - mobile concrete mixing plant - mobile crushing plant - mobile rock crushing and screening plant - mortar-mixing plant - multiple-arc welding plant - municipal sewage treatment plant - nuclear power plant - orbital power plant - ozone plant - ozone-ventilating plant - piling plant - pilot plant - placing plant - plaster plant - pontoon pile driving plant - portable compressor plant for painting work - power plant - primary treatment plant - proportioning plant - pump plant - pumping plant - pumped storage plant - purification plant - quarry plant - ready-mix plant - refrigerating plant - reverse osmosis plant - sand washing plant - sanitary ware plant - porcelain plant - secondary treatment plant - sedimentation plant - semi-mobile plant - semi-portable plant - sewage disposal plant - sewage pumping plant - sewage purification plant - sewage treatment plant - sintering plant - soil-mixing plant - solar plant - spraying plant - standby plant - steam plant - step-up plant - stoneware plant - tertiary plant - thermal power plant - tidal plant - tile-making plant - timber drying plant - tower-type concrete-mixing plant - transformer welding plant - travel plant - travelling mixing plant - treating plant - treatment plant - utility plant - vacuum-cleaning plant - vibration-rolled concrete plant - wall and floor tiles plant - washing plant - waste water treatment plant - water power plant - water softening plant - water treatment plantplant for the production of concrete polymer construction elements — установка для изготовления элементов из полимерного бетона
* * *1. оборудование инженерных систем здания2. строительное оборудование (напр. землеройное, подъёмно-транспортное, для бетонных работ)3. установка; агрегат; энергоблок; технологическая установка [система] ( в инженерных системах зданий)4. электростанция5. завод, фабрика; мастерская- acetylene producing plant
- activated sludge plant
- aeration plant
- aeration-degassing plant
- aggregate batching plant
- aggregate preparation plant
- air conditioning plant
- air handling plant
- air supply plant
- all-dry cement plant
- all-wet cement plant
- augering plant
- automatic batching plant
- bank-filtered river water plant
- barge-mounted concrete plant
- batch plant
- batch mixing plant
- biological treatment plant
- block-making plant
- block plant
- boiler plant
- booster pumping plant
- builder's plant
- builder's small powered plant
- cement plant
- central plant
- central air conditioning plant
- central air-handling plant
- central boiler plant
- central heating plant
- central refrigerating plant
- chemical feed plant
- chlorination plant
- civil-engineering plant
- coating plant
- cold-storage plant
- compressor plant
- computerized plant
- concentrating plant
- concrete plant
- concrete production plant
- concrete spouting plant
- concreting plant
- construction plant
- contact stabilization plant
- continuous-mix plant
- conveying plant
- cooling plant
- crushing plant
- desalination plant
- desalting plant
- disposal plant
- diversion power plant
- drying plant
- dust arrestor plant
- dust extracting plant
- earth moving plant
- electric plant
- exhaust plant
- extended aeration plant
- filter plant
- filtration plant
- floating concrete plant
- floating pile-driving plant
- flotation plant
- freezing plant
- gas plant
- gas-distribution plant
- gas washing plant
- generating plant
- grading plant
- heat generation plant
- heating plant
- heating water converter plant
- high-pressure air conditioning plant
- hydro-electric plant
- incineration plant
- indoor power plant
- industrial plant
- initial screening and washing plant
- lime softening plant
- low-head power plant
- low-level mixing plant
- low-pressure air conditioning plant
- manufacturing plant
- mechanical plant
- mixing plant
- mix-in-travel plant
- municipal treatment plant
- open-air plant
- open-air water power plant
- ozone plant
- package plant
- petrochemical plant
- piling plant
- placing plant
- power plant
- precast concrete plant
- precast plant
- proportioning plant
- pumping plant
- purification plant
- pyrolysis plant
- ready mixed concrete plant
- refrigerating plant
- refuse incineration plant
- refuse processing plant
- reinforcement cutting and bending plant
- river-run power plant
- river power plant
- road-making plant
- roadstone aggregate plant
- roof top plant
- screening plant
- secondary treatment plant
- sedimentation plant
- semioutdoor-type power plant
- sewage dispersal plant
- site mechanical plant
- sludge digestion plant
- sludge treating plant
- small powered plant
- solar plant
- spouting plant
- steam plant
- steam-power plant
- step-up plant
- structural steel plant
- tertiary plant
- tidal power plant
- transporting plant
- treatment plant
- vacuum dewatering plant
- ventilation plant
- volumetric batch plant
- washing and screening plant
- waste-disposal plant
- waste-heat utilization plant
- water-catchment plant
- water conversion plant
- water purification plant
- water softening plant
- water treatment plant
- weight batch plant
- zeolite water softening plant -
34 pottery
1. n гончарня, гончарная мастерская2. n гончарное дело3. n керамика, гончарные изделияСинонимический ряд:1. ceramics (noun) ceramics; crockery; earthenware; porcelain; stoneware2. made of clay (noun) adobe; argillaceous; clay; clayware; earthen; made of clay; mud; terra cotta
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См. также в других словарях:
Porcelain — Por ce*lain (277), n. [F. porcelaine, It. porcellana, orig., the porcelain shell, or Venus shell (Cypr[ae]a porcellana), from a dim. fr. L. porcus pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape to a pig s back. Porcelain was called… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Porcelain clay — Porcelain Por ce*lain (277), n. [F. porcelaine, It. porcellana, orig., the porcelain shell, or Venus shell (Cypr[ae]a porcellana), from a dim. fr. L. porcus pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape to a pig s back. Porcelain was… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Porcelain crab — Porcelain Por ce*lain (277), n. [F. porcelaine, It. porcellana, orig., the porcelain shell, or Venus shell (Cypr[ae]a porcellana), from a dim. fr. L. porcus pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape to a pig s back. Porcelain was… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Porcelain jasper — Porcelain Por ce*lain (277), n. [F. porcelaine, It. porcellana, orig., the porcelain shell, or Venus shell (Cypr[ae]a porcellana), from a dim. fr. L. porcus pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape to a pig s back. Porcelain was… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Porcelain printing — Porcelain Por ce*lain (277), n. [F. porcelaine, It. porcellana, orig., the porcelain shell, or Venus shell (Cypr[ae]a porcellana), from a dim. fr. L. porcus pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape to a pig s back. Porcelain was… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Porcelain shell — Porcelain Por ce*lain (277), n. [F. porcelaine, It. porcellana, orig., the porcelain shell, or Venus shell (Cypr[ae]a porcellana), from a dim. fr. L. porcus pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape to a pig s back. Porcelain was… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Ware (disambiguation) — Ware can refer to:People* Andre Ware, American football quarterback * Charles Pickard Ware (1849–1921), American educator and folk music transcriber * Charles R. Ware, American naval officer * Caroline F. Ware, American historian and social… … Wikipedia
porcelain — [pôr′sə lin, pôrs′lin] n. [Fr porcelaine < It porcellana, orig., a kind of shell < porcella, little pig, vulva (< L porcellus, dim. of porcus, pig, vulva): see FARROW1] 1. a hard, white, nonporous, translucent variety of ceramic ware,… … English World dictionary
porcelain — porcelaneous, porcellaneous /pawr seuh lay nee euhs, pohr /, adj. /pawr seuh lin, pohr ; pawrs lin, pohrs /, n. 1. a strong, vitreous, translucent ceramic material, biscuit fired at a low temperature, the glaze then fired at a very high… … Universalium
Bristol ware — ▪ porcelain hard paste porcelain products of the Coxside porcelain manufactory that were produced between 1768 and 1781. The Coxside porcelain concern, the first factory to manufacture hard paste porcelain in England, was started in… … Universalium
Porcelain — Fine China redirects here. For the band, see Fine China (band). This article is about the ceramic material. For other uses, see Porcelain (disambiguation). Chinese moon flask, 1723 35, Qing Dynasty … Wikipedia