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1 political resolve
Политика: политическая решимость -
2 political resolve
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3 political resolve
Pol. volonté politiqueEnglish-French dictionary of law, politics, economics & finance > political resolve
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4 (to) display political resolve
Политика: проявлять политическую решимостьУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > (to) display political resolve
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5 display political resolve
Политика: (to) проявлять политическую решимостьУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > display political resolve
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6 resolve
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7 Portuguese Communist Party
(PCP)The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) has evolved from its early anarcho-syndicalist roots at its formation in 1921. This evolution included the undisciplined years of the 1920s, during which bolshevization began and continued into the 1930s, then through the years of clandestine existence during the Estado Novo, the Stalinization of the 1940s, the "anarcho-liberal shift" of the 1950s, the emergence of Maoist and Trotskyist splinter groups of the 1960s, to legalization after the Revolution of 25 April 1974 as the strongest and oldest political party in Portugal. Documents from the Russian archives have shown that the PCP's history is not a purely "domestic" one. While the PCP was born on its own without Soviet assistance, once it joined the Communist International (CI), it lost a significant amount of autonomy as CI officials increasingly meddled in PCP internal politics by dictating policy, manipulating leadership elections, and often financing party activities.Early Portuguese communism was a mix of communist ideological strands accustomed to a spirited internal debate, a lively external debate with its rivals, and a loose organizational structure. The PCP, during its early years, was weak in grassroots membership and was basically a party of "notables." It was predominantly a male organization, with minuscule female participation. It was also primarily an urban party concentrated in Lisbon. The PCP membership declined from 3,000 in 1923 to only 40 in 1928.In 1929, the party was reorganized so that it could survive clandestinely. As its activity progressed in the 1930s, a long period of instability dominated its leadership organs as a result of repression, imprisonments, and disorganization. The CI continued to intervene in party affairs through the 1930s, until the PCP was expelled from the CI in 1938-39, apparently because of its conduct during police arrests.The years of 1939-41 were difficult ones for the party, not only because of increased domestic repression but also because of internal party splits provoked by the Nazi-Soviet pact and other foreign actions. From 1940 to 1941, two Communist parties struggled to attract the support of the CI and accused each other of "revisionism." The CI was disbanded in 1943, and the PCP was not accepted back into the international communist family until its recognition by the Cominform in 1947.The reorganization of 1940-41 finally put the PCP under the firm control of orthodox communists who viewed socialism from a Soviet perspective. Although Soviet support was denied the newly reorganized party at first, the new leaders continued its Stalinization. The enforcement of "democratic centralism" and insistence upon the "dictatorship of the proletariat" became entrenched. The 1940s brought increased growth, as the party reached its membership apex of the clandestine era with 1,200 members in 1943, approximately 4,800 in 1946, and 7,000 in 1947.The party fell on hard times in the 1950s. It developed a bad case of paranoia, which led to a witch hunt for infiltrators, informers, and spies in all ranks of the party. The lower membership figures who followed the united antifascist period were reduced further through expulsions of the "traitors." By 1951, the party had been reduced to only 1,000 members. It became a closed, sectarian, suspicious, and paranoiac organization, with diminished strength in almost every region, except in the Alentejo, where the party, through propaganda and ideology more than organizational strength, was able to mobilize strikes of landless peasants in the early 1950s.On 3 January 1960, Álvaro Cunhal and nine other political prisoners made a spectacular escape from the Peniche prison and fled the country. Soon after this escape, Cunhal was elected secretary-general and, with other top leaders, directed the PCP from exile. Trotskyite and Maoist fractions emerged within the party in the 1960s, strengthened by the ideological developments in the international communist movement, such as in China and Cuba. The PCP would not tolerate dissent or leftism and began purging the extreme left fractions.The PCP intensified its control of the labor movement after the more liberal syndical election regulations under Prime Minister Mar- cello Caetano allowed communists to run for leadership positions in the corporative unions. By 1973, there was general unrest in the labor movement due to deteriorating economic conditions brought on by the colonial wars, as well as by world economic pressures including the Arab oil boycott.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the PCP enjoyed a unique position: it was the only party to have survived the Estado Novo. It emerged from clandestinity as the best organized political party in Portugal with a leadership hardened by years in jail. Since then, despite the party's stubborn orthodoxy, it has consistently played an important role as a moderating force. As even the Socialist Party (PS) was swept up by the neoliberal tidal wave, albeit a more compassionate variant, increasingly the PCP has played a crucial role in ensuring that interests and perspectives of the traditional Left are aired.One of the most consistent planks of the PCP electoral platform has been opposition to every stage of European integration. The party has regularly resisted Portuguese membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and, following membership beginning in 1986, the party has regularly resisted further integration through the European Union (EU). A major argument has been that EU membership would not resolve Portugal's chronic economic problems but would only increase its dependence on the world. Ever since, the PCP has argued that its opposition to membership was correct and that further involvement with the EU would only result in further economic dependence and a consequent loss of Portuguese national sovereignty. Further, the party maintained that as Portugal's ties with the EU increased, the vulnerable agrarian sector in Portugal would risk further losses.Changes in PCP leadership may or may not alter the party's electoral position and role in the political system. As younger generations forget the uniqueness of the party's resistance to the Estado Novo, public images of PCP leadership will change. As the image of Álvaro Cunhal and other historical communist leaders slowly recedes, and the stature of Carlos Carvalhas (general secretary since 1992) and other moderate leaders is enhanced, the party's survival and legitimacy have strengthened. On 6 March 2001, the PCP celebrated its 80th anniversary.See also Left Bloc.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Portuguese Communist Party
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8 crisis
n (pl crises)to aggravate a crisis — обострять / усугублять кризис
to be gripped by / to be in the midst of / to be locked in a crisis — быть охваченным кризисом
to bring about a crisis — вызывать кризис, служить толчком к началу кризиса
to create a crisis — создавать кризис / кризисное положение
to deepen a crisis — обострять / усугублять кризис
to de-escalate / to defuse the crisis — сокращать масштабы кризиса, ослаблять кризис
to ease the crisis — сокращать масштабы кризиса, ослаблять кризис
to exacerbate a crisis — обострять / усугублять кризис
to face a crisis — сталкиваться с кризисом; стоять на пороге кризиса
to ignite a crisis — вызывать кризис, служить толчком к началу кризиса
to limp / to lurch from one crisis to another — идти от кризиса к кризису
to resolve a crisis — преодолевать / разрешать кризис, справляться с кризисом
to settle / to solve a crisis — преодолевать / разрешать кризис, справляться с кризисом
to spark off / to trigger (off) a crisis — вызывать кризис, служить толчком к началу кризиса
- affected by the crisis - agrarian crisisto worsen a crisis — обострять / усугублять кризис
- agricultural crisis
- amidst the worst crisis
- artificial crisis
- balance-of-payments crisis
- bilateral crisis
- budget crisis
- cabinet crisis
- chronic crisis
- consequences of a crisis
- constitutional crisis
- crisis blew up
- crisis broke out
- crisis came to a head
- crisis continues unabated
- crisis erupted
- crisis flared
- crisis gripped the country
- crisis is brewing
- crisis is building up
- crisis is deepening by the hour
- crisis is reaching a climax
- crisis of confidence
- crisis of power
- crisis of the ruling regime
- crisis spills over into war
- current crisis
- cyclical crisis
- deep crisis
- deepening crisis
- deepening mood of crisis
- deep-seated crisis
- diplomatic solution to a crisis
- dire crisis
- ecological crisis
- economic crisis
- elimination of a crisis
- energy crisis
- every possible avenue has got to be explored to find a political solution to the crisis
- exchange crisis
- financial crisis
- fiscal crisis
- food crisis
- fuel crisis
- general crisis
- global crisis
- government crisis
- governmental crisis
- grave crisis
- Gulf crisis
- home crisis
- hostage crisis
- housing crisis
- imminent crisis
- impact of a crisis
- in a state of crisis - internal crisis
- internal political crisis
- international crisis
- intractable crisis
- looming crisis
- ministerial crisis
- monetary and financial crisis
- mounting crisis
- national crisis
- offset of the crisis
- oil crisis
- on the verge of a crisis
- peaceful outcome to a crisis
- periodic crisis
- perpetual crisis
- petroleum crisis
- phase of a crisis
- political crisis
- profound crisis
- protracted crisis
- raw-materials crisis
- recurrent crisis
- resolution of a crisis
- serious crisis
- settling of a crisis
- severe crisis
- signs of a crisis
- social crisis
- spiraling crisis
- underlying crisis
- unparalleled crisis
- way out of the crisis
- world crisis -
9 closure
•• * В «Моем несистематическом словаре» это слово попало в статью vogue words, buzz words and catch phrases. Как всегда бывает с модными словами, оно обрастает новыми оттенками значений, причем существующие словари не всегда могут оказать существенную помощь переводчику. В опубликованной в Washington Post статье Political Opinion, Not Pathology, by Arie W. Kruglanski and John T. Jost оно употребляется в значении определенность, однозначность. Начало статьи:
•• In the May issue of Psychological Bulletin, we published a review that statistically summarizes dozens of studies conducted over 50 years dealing with psychological differences associated with left- vs. right-wing thinking. Based on this literature, we found that the likelihood of adopting conservative rather than liberal political opinions is significantly correlated, among other psychological dimensions, with a sense of societal instability, fear of death, intolerance of ambiguity, need for closure, lower cognitive complexity and a sense of threat.
•• Такая интерпретация слова closure подтверждается предложением в конце статьи:
•• The need to achieve closure and to resolve ambiguity, for example, are heightened under conditions of destabilizing uncertainty (for example, with the outbreak of terrorism, economic turmoil or political instability).
•• Как видим, closure здесь – антоним ambiguity.
•• Можно ли считать это отдельным значением или окказиональным словоупотреблением, требующим контекстуального перевода? Вопрос спорный.
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10 debate
1. nобсуждение; дискуссия; дебаты; прения; спор; полемикаto address a General Assembly debate — выступать в прениях на заседании Генеральной Ассамблеи ( ООН)
to adjourn the debate on smth — откладывать / переносить обсуждения по какому-л. вопросу
to boycott a debate — бойкотировать обсуждение / прения
to check irrelevance and repetition in debate — прерывать выступления, не относящиеся к делу или повторяющие уже сказанное
to engage in a debate — вести дискуссию / дебаты; участвовать в прениях
to have the better of the debate — выигрывать от участия в дискуссии / дебатах
to interrupt the debate — прерывать обсуждение / прения
to null out of a debate — отказываться от участия в обсуждении / прениях
to postpone the debate on smth — откладывать / переносить прения по какому-л. вопросу
to prompt a debate — вызывать дискуссию / обсуждение
to protract a debate — затягивать дебаты / прения
to renew / to reopen one's debate — возобновлять дискуссию / дебаты / прения
to resolve the debate — разрешать противоречия, выявившиеся в ходе прений
to start a debate on smth — начинать дискуссию по какому-л. вопросу
to suspend the debate — прерывать обсуждение / прения
to walk out of the debate — покидать зал заседаний, отказавшись участвовать в прениях
- ample debateto wind up the debate — 1) завершать / заканчивать дискуссию / прения 2) развертывать дискуссию / дебаты
- beyond debate
- bitter debate
- broad debate
- campaign debate
- chaotic debate
- closure of the debate
- combined general debate
- Congressional debate
- Congressional debates
- constructive debate
- crucial debate
- debate centers on the question whether...
- debate continued well into the night
- debate continues unabated
- debate drags on
- debate is raging
- debate on inclusion of items
- disarmament debate
- domestic debate
- economic and social debate
- emergency debate
- fierce debate
- foreign-policy debate
- general debate
- general political debate
- heated debate
- in the course of debate
- intellectual debate
- keen debate
- live television debate
- lively debate
- North-South debate
- open debate
- opening of the debate
- order of a debate
- parliamentary debate
- polemic debate
- political debate
- potentially explosive debate
- preliminary debate
- primary debate
- procedural debate
- prolonged debate
- public debate
- raucous debate
- rowdy debate
- rules of a debate
- Security Council debate
- sharp debate
- spirited debate
- stormy debate
- substantive debate
- that is open to debate
- the question is still in debate
- touchstone of debate
- unlimited debate
- vehement debate
- vigorous debate
- world affairs debate at the UN 2. vдискутировать, обсуждать; дебатировать; споритьto debate amendments to smth — обсуждать / рассматривать поправки к чему-л.
to debate a matter in one's mind — взвешивать / обдумывать что-л.
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11 dialog
1. nдиалог; беседа; неофициальные переговорыto begin a dialog with smb — начинать диалог с кем-л.; вступать в диалог с кем-л.
to carry on / to conduct a dialog with smb — вести диалог с кем-л.
to embark on a dialog with smb — начинать диалог с кем-л.; вступать в диалог с кем-л.
to end one's dialog with smb — прекращать диалог с кем-л.
to hold a dialog with smb — вести диалог с кем-л.
to open a dialog with smb — начинать диалог с кем-л.
to renew / to reopen a dialog — возобновлять диалог
to resume / to revive a dialog — возобновлять диалог
- businesslike dialogto start a dialog with smb — начинать диалог с кем-л.
- by dialog
- candid dialog
- constructive dialog
- dialog between smb
- dialog has been deadlocked
- dialog should be kept alive
- direct dialog
- East-West dialog
- fruitful dialog
- fundamental dialog
- intensive dialog
- meaningful dialog
- open dialog
- peaceful dialog
- political dialog
- the door to dialog in still open
- transatlantic dialog 2. vвести диалог; вести беседу; вести неофициальные переговоры -
12 difference
n1) различие, отличие2) разногласие, различие во мнениях; противоречие; спор•to bridge the differences between... — преодолевать противоречия между...
to bury / to end one's differences — покончить с разногласиями
to make up one's differences — урегулировать разногласия; разрешать противоречия
to overcome / to override differences — преодолевать разногласия / противоречия
to paper over differences — пытаться сгладить противоречия / разногласия
to patch up one's differences with smb — улаживать свои разногласия с кем-л.
to reconcile one's differences with smb — урегулировать свои разногласия с кем-л.
to resolve the differences between... — разрешать противоречия между...
to set aside one's differences — отбрасывать в сторону свои разногласия / противоречия
to settle last-minute differences — урегулировать разногласия, возникшие в последнюю минуту
to skirt over one's differences — отбрасывать в сторону свои разногласия / противоречия
- big differencesto surmount differences — преодолевать разногласия / противоречия
- class differences
- deep differences
- difference in views
- difference of views
- differences appear more pronounced
- differences become sharper
- differences grow
- differences should not stand in the way of improved relations
- essential difference
- ethnic differences
- exchange difference
- fundamental difference
- grave differences
- great differences
- ideological differences
- income differences
- inflation differences
- insurmountable differences
- internal differences
- international differences
- irreconcilable differences
- major differences
- marginal difference
- narrowing of differences
- national differences
- only procedural differences stand in the way
- peaceful settlement of differences
- persisting differences
- political differences
- racial differences
- sectarian differences
- serious differences
- sharp differences
- sharpening of differences
- social differences
- solution of differences
- substantial difference
- tactical differences
- tribal differences
- unbridgeable differences
- wide differences -
13 talk
1. nразговор, беседа; pl переговорыmore peace talks are going to take place / getting underway / lie ahead — переговоры о мирном урегулировании будут продолжены
to be more flexible in the talks — проявлять бо́льшую гибкость на переговорах
to begin (the) talks — начинать / открывать переговоры
to bring a country into the talks between smb — вовлекать / подключать какую-л. страну к переговорам между кем-л.
to come to the talks empty-handed — приходить на переговоры с пустыми руками ( без новых предложений)
to complete / to conclude talks — завершать переговоры
to damage the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
to demand a prompt resumption of peace talks — требовать скорейшего возобновления переговоров о мире
to derail / to disrupt the talks — срывать переговоры
to dominate the two days of talks — быть главным вопросом на переговорах, которые продлятся два дня
to extend talks amid reports of smth — продлевать переговоры, в то время как поступают сообщения о чем-л.
to hamper the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
to have / to hold further / more talks with smb — проводить дальнейшие переговоры / продолжать переговоры с кем-л.
to hold talks at the request of smb — проводить переговоры по чьей-л. просьбе
to hold talks in an exceptionally warm atmosphere — вести переговоры в исключительно теплой атмосфере
to iron out difficulties in the talks — устранять трудности, возникшие в ходе переговоров
to maintain one's talks for 10 days — продолжать переговоры еще 10 дней
to make good / substantial progress at / in the talks — добиваться значительного / существенного успеха на переговорах
to make smb more flexible in the talks — заставлять кого-л. занять более гибкую позицию на переговорах
to obstruct the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
to offer unconditional talks to smb — предлагать кому-л. провести переговоры, не сопровождаемые никакими условиями
to open (the) talks — начинать / открывать переговоры
to push forward the talks — активизировать переговоры; давать толчок переговорам
to put the proposals to arms reduction talks — ставить предложения на рассмотрение участников переговоров о сокращении вооружений
to re-launch / to reopen talks — возобновлять переговоры
to restart / to resume talks — возобновлять переговоры
to resume talks after a lapse of 18 months — возобновлять переговоры после полуторагодового перерыва
to schedule talks — намечать / планировать переговоры
to start (the) talks — начинать / открывать переговоры
to steer a diplomatic course in one's talks — проводить дипломатическую линию на переговорах
to stymie the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
to torpedo the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
- accession talksto walk out of / to withdraw from talks — уходить с переговоров, отказываться от продолжения переговоров
- after a full day of talks
- ambassadorial talks
- ambassadorial-level talks
- another round of talks gets under way today
- arduous talks
- arms control talks
- arms talks
- backstage talks
- barren talks
- beneficial talks
- bilateral talks
- bittersweet talk
- border talks
- breakdown in talks
- breakdown of talks - businesslike talks
- by means of talks
- by talks
- call for fresh talks
- carefully prepared talks
- cease-fire talks
- CFE talks
- coalition talks
- collapsed talks
- completion of talks
- conduct of talks
- confidential talks
- confrontational talks
- constructive talks
- conventional arms control talks
- conventional forces in Europe talks
- conventional stability talks
- conventional talks
- conventional-force talk
- cordial talks
- crux of the talks
- current round of talks
- deadlocked talks
- delay in the talks
- detailed talks
- direct talks
- disarmament talks
- discreet talks
- disruption of talks
- divisive talks
- early talks
- election talk
- emergency talks
- equal talks
- Europe-wide talks
- exhaustive talks
- exploratory talks
- extensive talks
- face-to-face talks
- failure at the talks
- failure of the talks
- familiarization talks
- farewell talks
- final round of talks
- follow -up talks
- follow-on talks
- force-reduction talks
- formal talks
- forthcoming talks
- four-way talks
- frank talks
- fresh round of talks
- fresh talks
- friendly atmosphere in the talks
- friendly talks
- frosty talks
- fruitful talks
- fruitless talks
- full talks
- full-scale talks
- further talks
- get-to-know-you talks
- good-faith talks
- hard-going talks
- highest-level talks
- high-level talks
- in a follow-up to one's talks
- in the course of talks
- in the last round of the talks
- in the latest round of the talks
- in the talks
- inconclusive talks
- indirect talks
- industrial promotion talks
- informal talks
- intensive talks
- intercommunal talks
- interesting talks
- interparty talks
- last-ditch talks
- last-minute talks
- lengthy talks
- low-level talks
- make-or-break talks
- man-to-man talks
- marathon talks
- MBFR talks
- meaningful talks
- mediator in the talks
- membership talks
- ministerial talks
- more talks
- multilateral talks
- Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction talks
- news lockout during the talks
- no further talks are scheduled
- non-stop talks
- normalization talks
- nuclear and space arms talks
- observer at the talks
- offer of talks
- on-and-off talks
- Open Skies Talk
- open talks
- outcome of the talks
- pace of the talks
- participant in the talks
- parties at the talks
- pay talks
- peace talks
- pep talk
- political talks
- positive talks
- preliminary talks
- preparatory talks
- present at the talks are...
- pre-summit talks
- pre-talks
- prime-ministerial talks
- private talks
- productive talks
- profound talks
- programmatic talk
- proposed talks
- proximity talks
- rapid progress in talks
- rapprochement talks
- realistic talks
- renewal of talks
- resumed talks
- resumption of talks
- reunification talks - sales talks
- SALT
- scheduled talks
- secret talks
- security talks
- sensible talks
- separate talks
- serious talks
- session of the talks
- setback in the talks
- sincere talks
- stage-by-stage talks
- stormy talks
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks
- substantial talks
- substantive talks
- successful progress of the talks
- summit talks
- talk was conducted in an atmosphere
- talk was held in an atmosphere
- talk will be dominated by the row which...
- talks about talk
- talks are alarmingly behind schedule
- talks are at a standstill
- talks are critical
- talks are deadlocked
- talks are due to resume
- talks are getting nowhere
- talks are going ahead
- talks are going well
- talks are heading for deadlock
- talks are in doubt
- talks are in high gear
- talks are in jeopardy
- talks are into their final day
- talks are not going fast enough
- talks are only a start
- talks are progressing at a snail's pace
- talks are progressing smoothly
- talks are progressing well
- talks are set to fail
- talks are stalemated
- talks are still on track
- talks are taking place in a constructive atmosphere
- talks are underway
- talks at a ministerial level
- talks at the highest level
- talks at the level of deputy foreign ministers
- talks between smb have run into last-minute difficulties
- talks between the two sides
- talks bogged down on smth
- talks broke down
- talks came to a standstill
- talks center on smth
- talks collapsed
- talks come at a time when...
- talks concentrate on
- talks dragged on for years
- talks ended in agreement
- talks ended in failure
- talks ended inconclusively
- talks ended without agreement
- talks failed to make any progress
- talks faltered on smth
- talks foundered on smth
- talks get underway
- talks go into a second day
- talks go on
- talks had a successful start
- talks had been momentous
- talks hang by a thread
- talks hang in the balance
- talks have been constructive and businesslike
- talks have broken up in failure
- talks have ended on an optimistic note
- talks have ended with little sign of agreement
- talks have ended with little sign of program
- talks have fallen through
- talks have got off to a friendly start
- talks have got off to a successful start
- talks have made little progress towards peace
- talks have never been closer to an agreement
- talks have reached deadlock
- talks have reopened
- talks have run into difficulties
- talks have run into trouble
- talks inch forward
- talks is burgeoning again about...
- talks made progress
- talks may continue into tomorrow
- talks may not get off the ground
- talks now under way
- talks of peace
- talks of procedural nature
- talks on a range of issues
- talks on conventional stability
- talks open
- talks overran by half an hour
- talks overshadowed by smth
- talks produced no results
- talks reconvene
- talks remain deadlocked
- talks restart
- talks resume
- talks stalled over the issue
- talks under the auspices of smb
- talks went into the small hours of the morning
- talks went late into the night
- talks went on late into the night
- talks went smoothly
- talks were due to start a month ago
- talks were not conclusive
- talks were suspended
- talks were warm, friendly and cordial
- talks will cover smth
- talks will focus on smth
- talks will go ahead
- talks will take place at the undersecretaries of foreign affairs level
- talks will yield an agreement
- talks with smb are not acceptable
- talks with the mediation of smb
- talks without preconditions
- talks would make little headway
- the agreement was signed at the end of 5 days of talks
- the area affected in the talks
- the outcome of the talks is not easy to predict
- the pace of the talks is slow
- the progress of the talks
- there was a sense of achievement at the end of the talks
- this problem will be at the heart of the talks
- those in the talks
- three days of talks have failed to make any tangible progress
- three-sided talks
- three-way talks
- too much talks and not enough action
- top-level talks
- touchstone of progress in the talks
- trade talks
- trilateral talks
- tripartite talks
- two-way talks
- umbrella peace talks
- unconditional talks
- United Nations-mediated talks
- United Nations-sponsored talks
- unity talks
- unofficial talk
- unproductive talks
- unscheduled talks
- useful talks
- walkout from the talks
- weighty talks
- wide range of talks
- wide-ranging talks
- workmanlike talks 2. vвести беседу, разговариватьto talk about smth — вести переговоры о чем-л.
to talk to smb direct — вести с кем-л. прямые переговоры
to talk to smb through a third party — вести переговоры с кем-л. через посредника
to talk tough — вести беседу / говорить резко
-
14 turmoil
nбеспорядок; смятение; паника; сумятица; беспорядкиto cause a turmoil — вызывать смятение / волнение
to extricate oneself from a political and economic turmoil — преодолевать политико-экономические неурядицы
- economic turmoilto stir a turmoil — вызывать смятение / волнение
- internal turmoil
- nationwide turmoil
- political turmoil
- the country is in turmoil
- turmoil in the international stock markets
- turmoil in the world stock markets
- turmoil raging in a country -
15 Delgado, General Humberto
(1906-1965)Pioneer air force advocate and pilot, senior officer who opposed the Estado Novo, and oppositionist candidate in the 1958 presidential elections. One of the young army lieutenants who participated in the 28 May 1926 coup that established the military dictatorship, Delgado was a loyal regime supporter during its early phase (1926-44) and into its middle phase (1944-58). An important advocate of civil aeronautics, as well as being a daring pilot in the army air force and assisting the Allies in the Azores in World War II, Delgado spent an important part of his career after 1943 outside Portugal.On missions abroad for the government and armed forces, Delgado came to oppose the dictatorship in the l950s. In 1958, he stood as the oppositionist candidate in the presidential elections, against regime candidate Admiral Américo Tomás. In the cities, Delgado received considerable popular support for his campaign, during which he and the coalition of varied political movements, including the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and Movement of Democratic Unity, were harassed by the regime police, PIDE. When the managed election results were "tallied," Delgado had won more than 25 percent, including heavy votes in the African colonies; this proved an embarrassment to the regime, which promptly altered electoral law so that universal male suffrage was replaced by a safer electoral college (1959).When legal means of opposition were closed to him, Delgado conspired with dissatisfied military officers who promised support but soon abandoned him. The government had him stripped of his job, rank, and career and, in 1959, fearing arrest by the PIDE, Delgado sought political asylum in the embassy of Brazil. Later he fled to South America and organized opposition to the regime, including liaisons and plotting with Henrique Galvão. Delgado traveled to Europe and North Africa to rally Portuguese oppositionists in exile and, in 1961-62, dabbled in coup plots. He had a role in the abortive coup at Beja, in January 1962. Brave to the extent of taking risks against hopeless odds, Delgado dreamed of instigating a popular uprising on his own.In 1965, along with his Brazilian secretary, Delgado kept an appointment with destiny on Portugal's Spanish frontier. Neither he nor his companion were seen alive again, and later their bodies were discovered in a shallow grave; investigations since have proved that they were murdered by PIDE agents in a botched kidnapping plot.When the true story of what happened to the "Brave General" was revealed in the world press, the opposition's resolve was strengthened and the Estado Novo's image reached a new low. Posthumously, General Delgado has been honored in numerous ways since the Revolution of 25 April 1974.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Delgado, General Humberto
-
16 affair
nдело; предприятиеto administer one's affairs — вести свои дела
to arrange one's affairs — устраивать свои дела
to be cut off from the main current of international affairs — быть отрезанным от основных международных событий
to color the real state of affairs — приукрашивать реальное / подлинное положение вещей / дел
to dedicate oneself to one's own affairs — заниматься своими собственными делами
to direct national affairs — управлять государственными делами / делами страны
to elevate an affair into high politics — раздувать какое-л. дело до уровня высокой политики
to have more control over one's own affairs — иметь больше возможностей решать свои дела
to involve oneself in a country's internal affairs — ввязываться во внутренние дела какой-л. страны
to play down an affair — стараться преуменьшить значение какого-л. дела
to resolve an affair — решать какое-л. дело
to stay out of corporation's financial affairs — не вмешиваться в финансовую деятельность корпорации
to stop intervening in smb's internal affairs — прекращать вмешательство в чьи-л. внутренние дела
to straighten out one's affairs — приводить в порядок свои дела
- ad hoc affairto wrap up an affair — завершать / заканчивать какое-л. дело
- affair of honor - bilateral affairs
- bugging affair
- business affair
- cash-for-questions affair
- civil affairs
- community affairs
- conduct of affairs
- consular affairs
- cultural affairs
- current affairs
- day-to-day affairs
- disarmament affairs
- domestic affairs
- electoral affairs
- encroachment in country's domestic affairs
- external affairs
- foreign affair
- foreign affairs
- home affairs
- incursion into country's domestic affairs
- interference in smb's internal affairs
- internal affairs
- international affairs
- legal affairs
- little tested in foreign affairs
- management of public and state affairs
- Mid-East affairs
- military affairs
- national affairs - political affairs
- present posture of affairs
- put-up affair
- ramification of an affair
- return to normality in world affairs
- state affairs - turnabout in the affairs of a region
- veterans affairs
- Watergate affair
- world affairs -
17 argument
n1) аргумент, довод, доказательство2) спор, дискуссия, полемика•to accede to smb's arguments — уступать чьим-л. доводам
to advance an argument — выдвигать аргумент / довод
to be locked in an argument — спорить, дискутировать
to be swayed by smb's arguments — внимать чьим-л. доводам
to build up an argument — выдвигать аргумент / довод
to clinch an argument — завершать дискуссию / полемику / спор
to confute an argument — опровергать аргумент / довод
to demolish arguments — опровергать / разбивать аргументы
to drive home an argument — доводить аргумент / довод до сознания (кого-л.)
to get into an argument — вступать в дискуссию / полемику
to give arguments — приводить аргументы / доводы, аргументировать
to have an argument — спорить, дискутировать
to knock the bottom out of smb's arguments — полностью опровергать чьи-л. доводы
to offer / to present an argument — выдвигать аргумент / довод
to prop up arguments — подтверждать аргументы / доводы
to put forward an argument — выдвигать аргумент / довод
to rebut / to refute / to reject an argument — опровергать аргумент / довод
- baculine argumentto run out of arguments — исчерпать аргументы / доводы
- balanced argument
- bitter argument
- cogent argument
- compelling argument
- conclusive argument
- convincing argument
- erroneous argument
- fallacious argument
- feeble argument
- forceful argument
- futile argument
- groundless argument
- heated argument
- irrefutable argument
- legal argument
- legitimate argument
- logical argument
- one-sided argument
- persuasive argument
- political argument
- rational argument
- reasonable argument
- solid argument
- sound argument
- spurious argument
- sterile arguments
- telling argument
- tenuous argument
- trenchant argument
- unassailable argument
- unconvincing argument
- valid argument
- vicious argument
- weak argument
- weighty argument -
18 difficulty
n1) трудность, затруднение2) препятствие, помеха•to be confronted by difficulties — встречаться / сталкиваться с трудностями
to create difficulties — создавать трудности / затруднения
to encounter difficulties — встречаться / сталкиваться с трудностями
to face difficulties — встречаться / сталкиваться с трудностями; испытывать трудности
to give rise to difficulties — создавать трудности / затруднения
to make difficulties — создавать трудности / затруднения
to meet with difficulties — встречаться / сталкиваться с трудностями
to pose / to present difficulties for smb — представлять трудности для кого-л.
to raise difficulties — создавать трудности / затруднения
to run into difficulties — встречаться / сталкиваться с трудностями
to surmount / to tackle difficulties — преодолевать трудности
- day-to-day difficultiesto win through one's difficulties — преодолевать трудности
- difficulties for currency
- difficulties for money
- difficulties the country is in
- difficulties with which a country is beset
- economic difficulties
- enormous difficulties
- financial difficulties
- foreign payments difficulties
- foreign policy difficulties
- great difficulties
- insurmountable difficulties
- letup in the difficulties
- major difficulties
- marketing difficulties
- objective difficulties
- outside difficulties
- payment difficulties
- pecuniary difficulties
- political difficulties
- practical difficulties
- subjective difficulties
- temporary difficulties
- trade difficulties -
19 dispute
1. n1) диспут, дискуссия, спор, полемика2) спор, конфликт•to adjust disputes — урегулировать / улаживать споры
to deal with a dispute — успешно урегулировать спор / конфликт
to decide a dispute — разрешать / урегулировать спор
to embroil smb into a dispute — втягивать кого-л. в конфликт
to keep out of a dispute — не ввязываться в спор / конфликт
to mediate a dispute — быть посредником в споре / конфликте
to resolve a dispute — урегулировать / разрешать конфликт
to settle a dispute in smb's favor — разрешать спор в чью-л. пользу
to settle the dispute with smb over smth — урегулировать спор с кем-л. по поводу чего-л.
to spread dispute to... — распространять конфликт на...
to take sides in a dispute between... — принимать чью-л. сторону в споре между...
to urge a quick diplomatic solution to a dispute — призывать к скорейшему урегулированию конфликта дипломатическими средствами
- adjustment of disputesto work with smb towards settling a dispute — сотрудничать с кем-л. в деле урегулирования конфликта
- bitter dispute
- border dispute
- boundary dispute
- civil dispute
- comprehensive settlement of disputes
- conciliation of disputes
- dispute committee
- drawn-out dispute
- frontier dispute
- heated dispute
- historic dispute over smth
- industrial dispute
- international dispute
- intractable dispute
- judicial settlement of disputes
- labor dispute
- legal dispute
- long-running dispute
- long-simmering dispute
- long-standing dispute
- lull in a border dispute
- matter in dispute
- means of settlement of international disputes
- mechanism for the settlement of disputes
- methods of peaceful settlement of disputes
- new dispute has arisen
- nuclear dispute
- ongoing dispute
- parties to the dispute
- pay dispute
- political dispute
- procedure in labor disputes
- protracted dispute
- regional disputes
- religious-based dispute
- sides to the dispute
- simmering dispute
- solution to the dispute
- subject of the dispute
- territorial disputes
- the border dispute erupted into fighting
- the core of the dispute
- the country at the heart of the dispute
- the dispute has deepened
- the dispute has simmered down
- trade dispute
- underlying dispute
- unresolved dispute
- wage dispute 2. v1) дискутировать; вести дебаты2) ставить под сомнение; оспаривать• -
20 impasse
nтупик; безвыходное положениеto find a way out of / to overcome the impasse — находить выход из тупика
- diplomatic impasseto resolve the impasse — находить выход из тупика, преодолевать трудности
- impasse in the negotiations
- political impasse
- 1
- 2
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