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1 stalownia martenowska
• open-hearth furnace plant• open-hearth melting shop• open-hearth shop• open-hearth steelmaking plantSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > stalownia martenowska
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2 преобладающий
•Open-hearth steelmaking was the ( pre) dominant method.
•The prevailing hypothesis is that the primordial atmospheres...
•The prevailing winds blow from the west in the middle latitudes and...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > преобладающий
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3 Talbot, Benjamin
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 19 September 1864 Wellington, Shropshire, Englandd. 16 December 1947 Solberge Hall, Northallerton, Yorkshire, England[br]Talbot, William Henry Fox English steelmaker and businessman who introduced a technique for producing steel "continuously" in large tilting basic-lined open-hearth furnaces.[br]After spending some years at his father's Castle Ironworks and at Ebbw Vale Works, Talbot travelled to the USA in 1890 to become Superintendent of the Southern Iron and Steel Company of Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he initiated basic open-hearth steelmaking and a preliminary slag washing to remove silicon. In 1893 he moved to Pennsylvania as Steel Superintendent at the Pencoyd works; there, six years later, he began his "continuous" steelmaking process. Returning to Britain in 1900, Talbot marketed the technique: after ten years it was in successful use in Britain, continental Europe and the USA; it promoted the growth of steel production.Meanwhile its originator had joined the Cargo Fleet Iron Company Limited on Teesside, where he was made Managing Director in 1907. Twelve years later he assumed, in addition, the same position in the allied South Durham Steel and Iron Company Limited. While remaining Managing Director, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of both companies in 1925, and Chairman in 1940. The companies he controlled survived the depressed 1920s and 1930s and were significant contributors to British steel output, with a capacity of more than half a million tonnes per year.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Iron and Steel Institute 1928, and (British) National Federation of Iron and Steel Manufacturers. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1908. Franklin Institute (Philadelphia), Elliott Cresson Gold Medal, and John Scott Medal 1908.Bibliography1900, "The open-hearth continuous steel process", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 57 (1):33–61.1903, "The development of the continuous open-hearth process", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 63(1):57–73.1905, "Segregation in steel ingots", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 68(2):204–23. 1913, "The production of sound steel by lateral compression of the ingot whilst its centre is liquid", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 87(1):30–55.Further ReadingG.Boyce, 1986, entry in Dictionary of Business Biography, Vol. V, ed. J.Jeremy, Butterworth.W.G.Willis, 1969, South Durham Steel and Iron Co. Ltd, South Durham Steel and Iron Company Ltd (includes a few pages specifically on Talbot, and a portrait photo). J.C.Carr and W.Taplin, 1962, History of the British Steel Industry, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press (mentions Talbot's business attitudes).JKA -
4 Martin, Pierre Emile
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 18 August 1824 Bourges, Franced. 23 May 1915 Fourchambault, France[br]French metallurgist, pioneer of open-hearth steelmaking.[br]His father Emile owned an iron-and steelworks at Sireuil, near Angoulême, and, through this, Pierre became interested in improving the steelmaking process. In England, C.W. Siemens had developed the regenerative principle of waste-heat recovery that produced a much higher furnace temperature. In 1863, the Martins applied this process in an open-hearth furnace built under licence from Siemens, with the aid of his engineers. They melted a mixture of pig-and wrought iron to produce steel with the required carbon content. Martin exhibited the product at the Paris Exhibition of 1867 and was awarded a gold medal. The open-hearth process was for a long time known as the Siemens-Martin process, but Martin did not share in the profits which others gained from its successful adoption. He had difficulty in obtaining patent rights as it was claimed that the principles of the process were already known and in use. The costs of litigation brought Martin to the brink of poverty, from which relief came only late in life, when in 1907 the Comité des Forges de France opened a subscription for him that was generously supported. A week before his death, the Iron and Steel Institute of London bestowed on him their Bessemer gold medal.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsIron and Steel Institute Bessemer Gold Medal 1915.Further ReadingObituary, 1915, Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 91:466.LRD -
5 Siemens, Sir Charles William
[br]b. 4 April 1823 Lenthe, Germanyd. 19 November 1883 London, England[br]German/British metallurgist and inventory pioneer of the regenerative principle and open-hearth steelmaking.[br]Born Carl Wilhelm, he attended craft schools in Lübeck and Magdeburg, followed by an intensive course in natural science at Göttingen as a pupil of Weber. At the age of 19 Siemens travelled to England and sold an electroplating process developed by his brother Werner Siemens to Richard Elkington, who was already established in the plating business. From 1843 to 1844 he obtained practical experience in the Magdeburg works of Count Stolburg. He settled in England in 1844 and later assumed British nationality, but maintained close contact with his brother Werner, who in 1847 had co-founded the firm Siemens \& Halske in Berlin to manufacture telegraphic equipment. William began to develop his regenerative principle of waste-heat recovery and in 1856 his brother Frederick (1826–1904) took out a British patent for heat regeneration, by which hot waste gases were passed through a honeycomb of fire-bricks. When they became hot, the gases were switched to a second mass of fire-bricks and incoming air and fuel gas were led through the hot bricks. By alternating the two gas flows, high temperatures could be reached and considerable fuel economies achieved. By 1861 the two brothers had incorporated producer gas fuel, made by gasifying low-grade coal.Heat regeneration was first applied in ironmaking by Cowper in 1857 for heating the air blast in blast furnaces. The first regenerative furnace was set up in Birmingham in 1860 for glassmaking. The first such furnace for making steel was developed in France by Pierre Martin and his father, Emile, in 1863. Siemens found British steelmakers reluctant to adopt the principle so in 1866 he rented a small works in Birmingham to develop his open-hearth steelmaking furnace, which he patented the following year. The process gradually made headway; as well as achieving high temperatures and saving fuel, it was slower than Bessemer's process, permitting greater control over the content of the steel. By 1900 the tonnage of open-hearth steel exceeded that produced by the Bessemer process.In 1872 Siemens played a major part in founding the Society of Telegraph Engineers (from which the Institution of Electrical Engineers evolved), serving as its first President. He became President for the second time in 1878. He built a cable works at Charlton, London, where the cable could be loaded directly into the holds of ships moored on the Thames. In 1873, together with William Froude, a British shipbuilder, he designed the Faraday, the first specialized vessel for Atlantic cable laying. The successful laying of a cable from Europe to the United States was completed in 1875, and a further five transatlantic cables were laid by the Faraday over the following decade.The Siemens factory in Charlton also supplied equipment for some of the earliest electric-lighting installations in London, including the British Museum in 1879 and the Savoy Theatre in 1882, the first theatre in Britain to be fully illuminated by electricity. The pioneer electric-tramway system of 1883 at Portrush, Northern Ireland, was an opportunity for the Siemens company to demonstrate its equipment.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1883. FRS 1862. Institution of Civil Engineers Telford Medal 1853. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1872. President, Society of Telegraph Engineers 1872 and 1878. President, British Association 1882.Bibliography27 May 1879, British patent no. 2,110 (electricarc furnace).1889, The Scientific Works of C.William Siemens, ed. E.F.Bamber, 3 vols, London.Further ReadingW.Poles, 1888, Life of Sir William Siemens, London; repub. 1986 (compiled from material supplied by the family).S.von Weiher, 1972–3, "The Siemens brothers. Pioneers of the electrical age in Europe", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 45:1–11 (a short, authoritative biography). S.von Weihr and H.Goetler, 1983, The Siemens Company. Its Historical Role in theProgress of Electrical Engineering 1847–1980, English edn, Berlin (a scholarly account with emphasis on technology).GWBiographical history of technology > Siemens, Sir Charles William
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6 производство мартеновское
• производство n мартеновскоеenglish: open-hearth steelmakingdeutsch: SM-Betrieffrançais: production f de l'acier dans le four MartinРусско-английский (-немецко, -французский) металлургический словарь > производство мартеновское
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7 Riley, James
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1840 Halifax, Englandd. 15 July 1910 Harrogate, England[br]English steelmaker who promoted the manufacture of low-carbon bulk steel by the open-hearth process for tin plate and shipbuilding; pioneer of nickel steels.[br]After working as a millwright in Halifax, Riley found employment at the Ormesby Ironworks in Middlesbrough until, in 1869, he became manager of the Askam Ironworks in Cumberland. Three years later, in 1872, he was appointed Blast-furnace Manager at the pioneering Siemens Steel Company's works at Landore, near Swansea in South Wales. Using Spanish ore, he produced the manganese-rich iron (spiegeleisen) required as an additive to make satisfactory steel. Riley was promoted in 1874 to be General Manager at Landore, and he worked with William Siemens to develop the use of the latter's regenerative furnace for the production of open-hearth steel. He persuaded Welsh makers of tin plate to use sheets rolled from lowcarbon (mild) steel instead of from charcoal iron and, partly by publishing some test results, he was instrumental in influencing the Admiralty to build two naval vessels of mild steel, the Mercury and the Iris.In 1878 Riley moved north on his appointment as General Manager of the Steel Company of Scotland, a firm closely associated with Charles Tennant that was formed in 1872 to make steel by the Siemens process. Already by 1878, fourteen Siemens melting furnaces had been erected, and in that year 42,000 long tons of ingots were produced at the company's Hallside (Newton) Works, situated 8 km (5 miles) south-east of Glasgow. Under Riley's leadership, steelmaking in open-hearth furnaces was initiated at a second plant situated at Blochairn. Plates and sections for all aspects of shipbuilding, including boilers, formed the main products; the company also supplied the greater part of the steel for the Forth (Railway) Bridge. Riley was associated with technical modifications which improved the performance of steelmaking furnaces using Siemens's principles. He built a gasfired cupola for melting pig-iron, and constructed the first British "universal" plate mill using three-high rolls (Lauth mill).At the request of French interests, Riley investigated the properties of steels containing various proportions of nickel; the report that he read before the Iron and Steel Institute in 1889 successfully brought to the notice of potential users the greatly enhanced strength that nickel could impart and its ability to yield alloys possessing substantially lower corrodibility.The Steel Company of Scotland paid dividends in the years to 1890, but then came a lean period. In 1895, at the age of 54, Riley moved once more to another employer, becoming General Manager of the Glasgow Iron and Steel Company, which had just laid out a new steelmaking plant at Wishaw, 25 km (15 miles) south-east of Glasgow, where it already had blast furnaces. Still the technical innovator, in 1900 Riley presented an account of his experiences in introducing molten blast-furnace metal as feed for the open-hearth steel furnaces. In the early 1890s it was largely through Riley's efforts that a West of Scotland Board of Conciliation and Arbitration for the Manufactured Steel Trade came into being; he was its first Chairman and then its President.In 1899 James Riley resigned from his Scottish employment to move back to his native Yorkshire, where he became his own master by acquiring the small Richmond Ironworks situated at Stockton-on-Tees. Although Riley's 1900 account to the Iron and Steel Institute was the last of the many of which he was author, he continued to contribute to the discussion of papers written by others.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, West of Scotland Iron and Steel Institute 1893–5. Vice-President, Iron and Steel Institute, 1893–1910. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1887.Bibliography1876, "On steel for shipbuilding as supplied to the Royal Navy", Transactions of the Institute of Naval Architects 17:135–55.1884, "On recent improvements in the method of manufacture of open-hearth steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 2:43–52 plus plates 27–31.1887, "Some investigations as to the effects of different methods of treatment of mild steel in the manufacture of plates", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:121–30 (plus sheets II and III and plates XI and XII).27 February 1888, "Improvements in basichearth steel making furnaces", British patent no. 2,896.27 February 1888, "Improvements in regenerative furnaces for steel-making and analogous operations", British patent no. 2,899.1889, "Alloys of nickel and steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:45–55.Further ReadingA.Slaven, 1986, "James Riley", in Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography 1860–1960, Volume 1: The Staple Industries (ed. A.Slaven and S. Checkland), Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 136–8."Men you know", The Bailie (Glasgow) 23 January 1884, series no. 588 (a brief biography, with portrait).J.C.Carr and W.Taplin, 1962, History of the British Steel Industry, Harvard University Press (contains an excellent summary of salient events).JKA -
8 передельный чугун
1) Engineering: open-hearth pig iron (мартеновский), pig iron, steelmaking iron, steelmaking pig iron2) Metallurgy: conversion pig iron, steel-making iron3) Electrochemistry: open hearth iron -
9 Saniter, Ernest Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1863 Middlesbrough, Englandd. 2 November 1934 Rotherham, Yorkshire[br]English chemist and metallurgist who introduced a treatment to remove sulphur from molten iron.[br]Saniter spent three years as a pupil in J.E.Stead's chemical laboratory in Middlesbrough, and then from 1883 was employed in the same town as Assistant Chemist at the new North-Eastern Steelworks. In 1890 he became Chief Chemist to the Wigan Coal and Iron Company in Lancashire. There he devised a desulphurizing treatment for molten iron and steel, based upon the presence of abundant lime together with calcium chloride. Between 1898 and 1904 he was in the Middlesbrough district once more, employed by Dorman Long \& Co. and Bell Brothers in experiments which led to the establishment of Teesside's first large-scale basic open-hearth steel plant. Calcium fluoride (fluorspar), mentioned in Saniter's 1892 patent, soon came to replace the calcium chloride; with this modification, his method retained wide applicability throughout the era of open-hearth steel. In 1904 Saniter became chief metallurgist to Steel, Peech \& Tozer Limited of Sheffield, and he remained in this post until 1928. Throughout the last forty years of his life he participated in the discussion of steelmaking developments and practices.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsVice-President, Iron and Steel Institute 1927–34. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1910.Bibliography1892. "A new process for the purification of iron and steel from sulphur", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 2:216–22.1893. "A supplementary paper on a new process for desulphurising iron and steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:73–7. 29 October 1892, British patent no. 8,612.15 October 1892, British patent no. 8,612A. 29 July 1893, British patent no. 17, 692.28 October 1893, British patent no. 23,534.Further ReadingK.C.Barraclough, 1990, Steelmaking: 1850–1900 458, London: Institute of Metals, 271– 8.JKA -
10 цех
department, ( завода) floor, house, plant, production unit, room, shop, shopfloor, workshop* * *цех м.
shop, department, plantбессеме́ровский цех — Bessemer plantцех блю́минга — blooming mill departmentбонда́рный цех — cooperage shopброшюро́вочный цех — book-stitching shopвагоноремо́нтный цех — carriage repair shopвспомога́тельный цех — service shop, service departmentцех вулканиза́ции — vulcanization shop, vulcanization departmentгальвани́ческий цех — electroplating shopцех глубо́кой печа́ти — gravure departmentдеревообраба́тывающий цех — wood-working shopдо́менный цех — blast-furnace plantдуби́льный цех — tan room, tanyardзаготови́тельный цех — blanking shopзо́льный цех кож. — lime yardинструмента́льный цех — tool (maker) shop, toolroomкала́ндровый цех — calendering shopкислоро́дно-конве́ртерный цех — oxygen-converter plantконсе́рвный цех — canning [preserving] shopкормоприготови́тельный цех — feed preparation shopкузне́чный цех — forge shopлите́йный цех — foundryлуди́льный цех — tinning plantмарте́новский цех — open-hearth plantмехани́ческий цех — machine shopмоде́льный цех — pattern shopмонта́жный цех — erecting shop; ( монтажа электропроводки) wiring shopнабо́рный цех — composing roomо́пытный цех — pilot shopосновно́й цех ( в отличие от вспомогательных) — producing [production] department (contrasts with service departments)цех отгру́зки гото́вой проду́кции — shipping departmentотде́лочный цех1. finishing shop, finishing department2. кож. currying shopпереде́льный цех прок. — rerolling departmentпереплё́тный цех — book bindery, bookbinding departmentпеча́тный цех — pressroom, printing departmentподготови́тельный цех рез. — stockpreparation shopпрока́тный цех — rolling-mill shopразли́вочный цех метал. — casting plantремо́нтный цех — repair [maintenance] shopсбо́рочный цех — assembling [assembly] shop, assembling departmentсва́рочный цех — welding shopсталелите́йный цех — steel(-casting) departmentсталеплави́льный цех — steelmaking plantтерми́ческий цех — heat-treating departmentфо́рмный цех полигр. — plateroom, plate departmentформо́вочный цех — moulding shopцех холо́дной листово́й штампо́вки — sheet-metal pressworking shopцех холо́дной объё́мной штампо́вки — cold-die-forging shopцех цветно́го литья́ — non-ferrous foundryчугунолите́йный цех — iron foundryэлектроремо́нтный цех — electrical repair shopэлектросталеплави́льный цех — electric-furnace (melting) shopцех электроста́нции, коте́льный — boiler departmentцех электроста́нции, маши́нный — engine [turbine] departmentцех электроста́нции, турби́нный — turbine department* * * -
11 производство
fabrication, generation, manufacture, making, manufacturing, production, trade* * *произво́дство с.1. productionсвё́ртывать произво́дство ( обычно постепенно) — phase out [phase back] productionсня́тый с произво́дства — out of production2. ( добыча) production3. ( изготовление) manufacture; ( из полуфабрикатов) fabricationпроизво́дство по за́мкнутому ци́клу — captive manufacture4. ( отрасль) industryпроизво́дство без вы́хода на ры́нок — captive productionбонда́рное произво́дство — cooperageбума́жное произво́дство — papermakingпроизво́дство в о́пытных масшта́бах — pilot productionпроизво́дство в промы́шленных масшта́бах — production in quantity, commercial productionвспомога́тельное произво́дство1. auxiliary process(es)2. ( подразделение завода) auxiliary departmentпроизво́дство га́за — (особ. природного) gas production; (особ. искусственного) gas generationдо́менное произво́дство — blast-furnace processедини́чное произво́дство — individual [single-unit, piece-work] productionкни́жное произво́дство — book productionпроизво́дство ко́жи — leather manufactureкоксохими́ческое произво́дство — cake and by-product processконве́ртерное произво́дство — converter process(es)крупносери́йное произво́дство — large-lot [large-scale] productionкузне́чно-пре́ссовое произво́дство — press forgingкузне́чно-штампо́вочное произво́дство — press forging; ( объёмная штамповка) die forgingлесохими́ческое произво́дство — wood chemical industryлистопрока́тное произво́дство — ( толстого листа) plate rolling; ( тонкого листа) sheet rollingлите́йное произво́дство — foundryмарте́новское произво́дство — open-hearth processма́ссовое произво́дство — mass productionмелкосери́йное произво́дство — small-lot [small-scale] productionмоде́льное произво́дство — pattern-makingнепреры́вное произво́дство — continuous processпроизво́дство о́буви — shoe makingо́пытное произво́дство — pilot(-scale) productionполузаводско́е произво́дство хим. — pilot-scale processпото́чное произво́дство — flow(-line) [in-line] productionпрока́тное произво́дство — rollingсва́рочное произво́дство — welding fabrication; ( раздел техники) welding engineeringсери́йное произво́дство — ( в противовес экспериментальному или опытному) quantity [full-scale] production; ( партиями) batch [series] productionпроизво́дство ста́ли — steelmakingтексти́льное произво́дство — textile manufactureпроизво́дство тепла́ — heat generation, heat productionтруболите́йное произво́дство — pipe castingтрубопрока́тное произво́дство — pipe rollingтрубосва́рочное произво́дство — pipe weldingфабри́чное произво́дство — manufacturing, manufactureпроизво́дство фо́сфорной кислоты́ экстракцио́нным спо́собом — production of phosphoric acid by the wet processхлопчатобума́жное произво́дство — cotton manufactureпроизво́дство чугуна́ — iron makingшве́йное произво́дство — clothing [garment] manufactureшо́рно-седе́льное произво́дство — saddleryшту́чное произво́дство — individual productionпроизво́дство электри́ческой эне́ргии — generation of electrical energy, electricity production -
12 вспомогательное производство
1. auxiliary process2. auxiliary departmentпроизводство газа — gas production; gas generation
кузнечно-штамповочное производство — press forging; die forging
листопрокатное производство — plate rolling; sheet rolling
сварочное производство — welding fabrication; welding engineering
серийное производство — quantity production; batch production
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > вспомогательное производство
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13 Bessemer, Sir Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 19 January 1813 Charlton (near Hitchin), Hertfordshire, Englandd. 15 January 1898 Denmark Hill, London, England[br]English inventor of the Bessemer steelmaking process.[br]The most valuable part of Bessemer's education took place in the workshop of his inventor father. At the age of only 17 he went to London to seek his fortune and set himself up in the trade of casting art works in white metal. He went on to the embossing of metals and other materials and this led to his first major invention, whereby a date was incorporated in the die for embossing seals, thus preventing the wholesale forgeries that had previously been committed. For this, a grateful Government promised Bessemer a paid position, a promise that was never kept; recognition came only in 1879 with a belated knighthood. Bessemer turned to other inventions, mainly in metalworking, including a process for making bronze powder and gold paint. After he had overcome technical problems, the process became highly profitable, earning him a considerable income during the forty years it was in use.The Crimean War presented inventors such as Bessemer with a challenge when weaknesses in the iron used to make the cannon became apparent. In 1856, at his Baxter House premises in St Paneras, London, he tried fusing cast iron with steel. Noticing the effect of an air current on the molten mixture, he constructed a reaction vessel or converter in which air was blown through molten cast iron. There was a vigorous reaction which nearly burned the house down, and Bessemer found the iron to be almost completely decarburized, without the slag threads always present in wrought iron. Bessemer had in fact invented not only a new process but a new material, mild steel. His paper "On the manufacture of malleable iron and steel without fuel" at the British Association meeting in Cheltenham later that year created a stir. Bessemer was courted by ironmasters to license the process. However, success was short-lived, for they found that phosphorus in the original iron ore passed into the metal and rendered it useless. By chance, Bessemer had used in his trials pig-iron, derived from haematite, a phosphorus-free ore. Bessemer tried hard to overcome the problem, but lacking chemical knowledge he resigned himself to limiting his process to this kind of pig-iron. This limitation was removed in 1879 by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, who substituted a chemically basic lining in the converter in place of the acid lining used by Bessemer. This reacted with the phosphorus to form a substance that could be tapped off with the slag, leaving the steel free from this harmful element. Even so, the new material had begun to be applied in engineering, especially for railways. The open-hearth process developed by Siemens and the Martin brothers complemented rather than competed with Bessemer steel. The widespread use of the two processes had a revolutionary effect on mechanical and structural engineering and earned Bessemer around £1 million in royalties before the patents expired.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1879. FRS 1879. Royal Society of Arts Albert Gold Medal 1872.Bibliography1905, Sir Henry Bessemer FRS: An Autobiography, London.LRD
См. также в других словарях:
open-hearth steelmaking — Смотри мартеновское производство … Энциклопедический словарь по металлургии
Open hearth furnace — Engineering portal … Wikipedia
open-hearth process — a process of steelmaking in which the charge is laid in a furnace (open hearth furnace) on a shallow hearth and heated directly by burning gas as well as radiatively by the furnace walls. [1885 90] * * * or Siemens Martin process Steelmaking… … Universalium
open-hearth process — noun a process for making steel using an open hearth furnace • Hypernyms: ↑steel production * * * noun : a process of making steel in a furnace of the regenerative reverberatory type from pig iron usually charged molten by adding to it with lime… … Useful english dictionary
open-hearth process — /oʊpən ˈhaθ proʊsɛs/ (say ohpuhn hahth prohses) noun the steelmaking process using an open hearth furnace …
open-hearth — /oʊpən ˈhaθ/ (say ohpuhn hahth) adjective denoting a shallow hearth reverberatory furnace for steelmaking, with two openings at each end to admit fuel and air. Combustion takes place over the molten metal charge …
Steelmaking — is the second step in producing steel from iron ore. In this stage, impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, and excess carbon are removed from the raw iron, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium and vanadium are added to… … Wikipedia
Basic oxygen steelmaking — ( BOS, BOF, Linz Donawitz Verfahren, LD converter ) is a method of steelmaking in which carbon rich molten iron is made into steel. The process is an improvement over the historically important Bessemer process. The LD converter is named after… … Wikipedia
мартеновское производство — [open hearth steelmaking] производство стали в мартеновских печах окислительной плавкой железосодержащих материалов: чугуна, стального лома, железной руды и флюсов (Смотри Мартеновский процесс). Наибольший вклад в создание мартеновского… … Энциклопедический словарь по металлургии
steel — steellike, adj. /steel/, n. 1. any of various modified forms of iron, artificially produced, having a carbon content less than that of pig iron and more than that of wrought iron, and having qualities of hardness, elasticity, and strength varying … Universalium
Sparrows Point — is an unincorporated area in Baltimore County, Maryland, adjacent to Dundalk, Maryland. Named for Thomas Sparrow, landowner, it was the site of a very large industrial complex owned by Bethlehem Steel, known for steelmaking and… … Wikipedia
