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1 sí
adv. "now" Nam, RGEO:67, LR:47, SD:310, VT43:34, VT49:18, PE17:94, sin SI, LR:47 or sín SD:247, 310 before vowels. Compare the distribution of a/an in English, though in his Quenya version of Hail Mary, Tolkien used sí also before a vowel sí ar "now and", VT43:28. Si, a short or incompletely annotated form of sí VT43:26, 34. In Fíriel's Song, sí is translated "here". -
2 an
1 conj. and prep. "for" Nam, RGEO:66, an cé mo quernëfor if one turned VT49:8, also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express one more of the thing concerned: an quetta a word more, PE17:91. The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290 however seems to denote motion towards the speaker: the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" NĀsup1/sup. The phrase an i falmalīPE17:127 is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar upon the foaming waves Nam, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending and if falmalīis seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case.In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an moreover, furthermore, to proceed VT49:18-19 or properly further, plus, in addition PE17:69, 90. According to one late source ca. 1966 or later, an is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament: An sí Tintallë, etc. = For now the Kindler, etc This is translated by me for, side an is as here often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said. Related is the use of an + noun to express one more; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition. -
3 nó
1 stem nów- as in pl. nówi noun "conception" = idea NOWO. In an earlier version, later deleted, nó represented earlier ñó ngó, glossed "idea, thought" VT46:6. 2 conj."but" VT41:13 3 prep. before of time, compare nóvo, at back of spatial relationships. In other conceptual phases, Tolkien also let the word have the opposite meaning after of time or in front of space. VT49:32. -
4 ric-
k 1 vb. try, put forth effort, strive, endeavour PE17:93, 94, 167, imperative á ricë try!, pl. á ricir let them try, á rice amaricië try harder! or more idiomatically á carë sí ancarië, lit. *do now with more doing! 2 vb. "twist", perfect irícië "has twisted" VT39:9 -
5 -ldë
1 pronominal suffix you, 2nd person pl. VT49:51; carildë *you do, VT49:16. This ending Tolkien revised from -llë in earlier sources VT49:48, cf. PE17:69. 2 feminine agental suffix. Tolkien at one point commented that Vardas title Tintallë Kindler should be Tintaldë because the ending -llë was rather the suffix for plural you PE17:69. Since this pronominal suffix -llë was later revised to -ldë, it is now the ending of Tintaldë itself that would be potentially problematic. -
6 nin
pron. "to me, for me", dative of ni FS, Nam. Sí man i yulma nin enquantuva? Now who will refill the cup for me? Nam, nás mara nin *it is good to me = I like it VT49:30, ecë nin carë sa *it-is-open for me to do it = I can do it VT49:34. See also ninya. -
7 -ina
ending for what Tolkien called "general 'passive' participle" VT43:15; compare nótina counted, rácina broken, hastaina marred q.v.. The stem-vowel is usually lengthened when the ending is added to the stem of a primary verb as in the two first examples above, though the lengthening fails to occur or is not denoted in carina as the passive participle of car- make, do VT43:15. A shorter ending -na also occurs, e.g. nahtana slain VT49:24; the example hastaina marred would suggest that *nahtaina is equally possible. In the example aistana "blessed" VT43:30, -na may be preferred to -ina for euphonic reasons, to avoid creating a second diphthong ai where one already occurs in the previous syllable *aistaina. In PE17:68, the ending -ina is said to be aorist unmarked as regards time and aspect; the same source states that the shorter ending -na is no longer part of verbal conjugation, though it obviously survives in many words that are maybe now to be considered independent adjectives. See -na \#4. -
8 sívë
1 prep. "as", apparently ve of similar meaning with the prefix sí- "this, here, now"; sívë therefore makes a comparison with something close, whereas tambë q.v. refers to something remote. Sívë...tambë "as...so" VT43:17. Elided sív' in VT43:12, since the next word begins in the vowel e-. 2 noun "peace" VT44:35 3 noun knowing, knowledge PE17:68; probably never meant to coexist with \#1 and \#2 above, so istya may be preferred -
9 sin
1 a word either meaning "thus" adverb or "this" as an independent word in the sentence, not modifying another word like sina does. Attested in the sentence sin quentë Quendingoldo Elendilenna, either *"this Pengolodh said to Elendil" or "thus spoke Pengolodh to Elendil" PM:401. Patrick Wynne argues that sin is an adverb thus derived from the stem si- this by me VT49:18 2 adv., a form of sí "now" q.v. often occurring before vowels; also sín SI. However, sí itself q.v. may also appear before a vowel. -
10 Oromë
noun name of a Vala, adopted and adapted from Valarin. Observes Pengolodh, "the Eldar now take the name to singify 'horn-blowing' or 'horn-blower', but to the Valar it had no such meaning" WJ:400-401, cf. SA:rom and ROM, TÁWAR in Etym, VT14:5. Genitive Oromëo and possessive Oroméva in WJ:368..Loose compound Oromë róma an Oromë horn, sc. one of Orome's horns if he had more than one WJ:368. A deleted entry in the Etymologies cited the name as Orómë with a long middle vowel VT45:15. Oromendil, masc. name *"Friend of Oromë" UT:210
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