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north+europe

  • 101 misión imposible

    Ex. The article 'Socialism: Mission Accomplished or mission impossible' traces the development of socialism in Europe & North America since the late 19th century, when socialism represented a way to regulate capitalism.
    * * *

    Ex: The article 'Socialism: Mission Accomplished or mission impossible' traces the development of socialism in Europe & North America since the late 19th century, when socialism represented a way to regulate capitalism.

    Spanish-English dictionary > misión imposible

  • 102 nodo

    m.
    1 node.
    2 newsreel.
    * * *
    * * *
    I
    SM node
    II
    SM
    =No-do SM (Cine, Hist) newsreel
    * * *
    masculino node
    * * *
    = node, node element, newsreel, cinema newsreel, newsfilm, nexus.
    Ex. Notable telecommunications networks are Tymnet and Telenet, which are predominantly North American, but also have nodes in Europe and other parts of the world.
    Ex. The following types of data structure are common: hierarchical, or tree, with a single root element at the top, plus node elements at the ends of the branches that spread out from the root.
    Ex. Feature films and newsreels are excluded from the catalogue's coverage.
    Ex. It has a unique collection of newsfilm some of which dates back to 1896: besides its own collection it owns 5 other major cinema newsreel collections from the past.
    Ex. It has a unique collection of newsfilm some of which dates back to 1896: besides its own collection it owns 5 other major cinema newsreel collections from the past.
    Ex. The author explores the nexus between record keeping and the execution of government 'watchdog' functions.
    ----
    * nodo de la red = network node.
    * nodo linfático = lymph node.
    * * *
    masculino node
    * * *
    = node, node element, newsreel, cinema newsreel, newsfilm, nexus.

    Ex: Notable telecommunications networks are Tymnet and Telenet, which are predominantly North American, but also have nodes in Europe and other parts of the world.

    Ex: The following types of data structure are common: hierarchical, or tree, with a single root element at the top, plus node elements at the ends of the branches that spread out from the root.
    Ex: Feature films and newsreels are excluded from the catalogue's coverage.
    Ex: It has a unique collection of newsfilm some of which dates back to 1896: besides its own collection it owns 5 other major cinema newsreel collections from the past.
    Ex: It has a unique collection of newsfilm some of which dates back to 1896: besides its own collection it owns 5 other major cinema newsreel collections from the past.
    Ex: The author explores the nexus between record keeping and the execution of government 'watchdog' functions.
    * nodo de la red = network node.
    * nodo linfático = lymph node.

    * * *
    ( Inf) node
    * * *

    nodo sustantivo masculino node
    ' nodo' also found in these entries:
    English:
    news
    * * *
    Nodo nm
    Esp Antes = newsreel during the Franco regime

    Spanish-English dictionary > nodo

  • 103 pez escorpión

    Ex. Also known as ocean perch or rosefish in North America and as Norway haddock in Europe, the redfish is one of a number of red-coloured scorpion fish.
    * * *

    Ex: Also known as ocean perch or rosefish in North America and as Norway haddock in Europe, the redfish is one of a number of red-coloured scorpion fish.

    Spanish-English dictionary > pez escorpión

  • 104 predominantemente

    adv.
    predominantly, overwhelmingly, preponderantly, pre-eminently.
    * * *
    * * *
    = predominantly, mainly, on the whole, prevalently.
    Ex. Notable telecommunications networks are Tymnet and Telenet, which are predominantly North American, but also have nodes in Europe and other parts of the world.
    Ex. The problem is to decide who to select as being mainly responsible.
    Ex. I have myself a well-known dislike for historical fiction; it is a genre that on the whole gives me little pleasure.
    Ex. In the first two days after hatching, chicks coming from eggs incubated in the light prevalently slept with their right eye open.
    * * *
    = predominantly, mainly, on the whole, prevalently.

    Ex: Notable telecommunications networks are Tymnet and Telenet, which are predominantly North American, but also have nodes in Europe and other parts of the world.

    Ex: The problem is to decide who to select as being mainly responsible.
    Ex: I have myself a well-known dislike for historical fiction; it is a genre that on the whole gives me little pleasure.
    Ex: In the first two days after hatching, chicks coming from eggs incubated in the light prevalently slept with their right eye open.

    * * *
    predominantly
    * * *
    predominantly

    Spanish-English dictionary > predominantemente

  • 105 as

    {æz.əz}
    1. както, каквото, какъвто
    AS things go както вървят работите
    AS it is при това положение, и без това, така, и така
    AS it stands/is (така) както е
    do AS you are told прави каквото ти казват
    AS best you can както/доколкото можеш
    AS above както по-горе
    AS before както преди
    AS the case may be според случая
    AS was already mentioned както вече се каза/спомена
    he is a pianist AS is his wife той е пианист, както и жена му/като жена си
    2. като, като например
    I had the same trouble AS you имах същите неприятности като тебе
    countries in the north of Europe, AS Finland страни в Северна Европа, като например Финландия
    3. като (в качеството си на), както
    след глаголи като regard, view, represent и пр. като, за
    AS a picture it is no good като картина не струва
    it can be used AS a knife може да се използува като/за нож
    to regard someone AS a fool смятам някого за глупак
    to treat someone AS an equal отнасям се към някого като към равен
    AS such като такъв
    4. за време като, както, когато
    AS I came in като влязох
    AS I was walking along както (си) вървях
    5. за причина тъй като, том като
    AS you are tired, you'd better lie down щом/тъй като си уморен, добре е да си легнеш
    6. макар и, колкото и
    busy/young/old AS he is колкото и да е зает/млад/стар, макар и зает/млад/стар
    much AS I like it колкото и да го харесвам, макар и да го харесвам
    strange AS it may seem колкото и странно да изглежда
    7. so AS to с inf (зa) да, (та) да
    be so good AS to бъди така добър да
    he stood up so AS to see better той стана, за да вижда по-добре
    don't behave so AS to annoy him не се дръж така, че даго дразниш
    8. AS... AS, not so... AS толкова... колкото/като
    AS much AS you like колкото искаш
    it is not so/AS easy AS you think не е толкова лесно, колкото си мислиш
    he is AS tall AS I той е толкова висок, колкото и аз, той е висок колкото мен
    AS far AS до (за място), доколкото
    AS far AS I know доколкото знам
    AS far/in so far/so far AS lam concerned що се отнася до мен
    AS good AS все едно, че
    AS good AS dead все едно, че е умрял
    AS early AS, AS far back AS още през
    AS long AS докато
    AS late AS чак/едва през/в
    AS soon AS щом (като)
    AS soon/early AS possible колкото може по-рано
    9. с предл.
    AS against срещу, в сравнение с
    AS for а пък. колкото за
    AS for you I never want to see you again колкото за геб, не искам да те видя вече
    AS from/aм, of от (за време)
    AS from today (смятано) от днес
    AS to колкого за, що се отнася до, относно
    he said nothing AS to whether he would come той не каза нищо за това., дали ще дойде
    we could not decide AS to which was the best не можехме да решим кое е най-хубавото
    10. AS if/though като че ли, сякаш
    AS it were така да се каже
    AS regards що се отнася до
    AS well също, и
    AS yet досега
    I thought AS much така си и мислех
    * * *
    {az.ъz} adv, cj, rel pron 1. както; каквото; какъвто; as things go
    * * *
    що; както; като;
    * * *
    1. as... as, not so... as толкова... колкото/като 2. as a picture it is no good като картина не струва 3. as above както по-горе 4. as against срещу, в сравнение с 5. as before както преди 6. as best you can както/доколкото можеш 7. as early as, as far back as още през 8. as far as i know доколкото знам 9. as far as до (за място), доколкото 10. as far/in so far/so far as lam concerned що се отнася до мен 11. as for you i never want to see you again колкото за геб, не искам да те видя вече 12. as for а пък. колкото за 13. as from today (смятано) от днес 14. as from/aм, of от (за време) 15. as good as dead все едно, че е умрял 16. as good as все едно, че 17. as i came in като влязох 18. as i was walking along както (си) вървях 19. as if/though като че ли, сякаш 20. as it is при това положение, и без това, така, и така 21. as it stands/is (така) както е 22. as it were така да се каже 23. as late as чак/едва през/в 24. as long as докато 25. as much as you like колкото искаш 26. as regards що се отнася до 27. as soon as щом (като) 28. as soon/early as possible колкото може по-рано 29. as such като такъв 30. as the case may be според случая 31. as things go както вървят работите 32. as to колкого за, що се отнася до, относно 33. as was already mentioned както вече се каза/спомена 34. as well също, и 35. as yet досега 36. as you are tired, you'd better lie down щом/тъй като си уморен, добре е да си легнеш 37. be so good as to бъди така добър да 38. busy/young/old as he is колкото и да е зает/млад/стар, макар и зает/млад/стар 39. countries in the north of europe, as finland страни в Северна Европа, като например Финландия 40. do as you are told прави каквото ти казват 41. don't behave so as to annoy him не се дръж така, че даго дразниш 42. he is a pianist as is his wife той е пианист, както и жена му/като жена си 43. he is as tall as i той е толкова висок, колкото и аз, той е висок колкото мен 44. he said nothing as to whether he would come той не каза нищо за това., дали ще дойде 45. he stood up so as to see better той стана, за да вижда по-добре 46. i had the same trouble as you имах същите неприятности като тебе 47. i thought as much така си и мислех 48. it can be used as a knife може да се използува като/за нож 49. it is not so/as easy as you think не е толкова лесно, колкото си мислиш 50. much as i like it колкото и да го харесвам, макар и да го харесвам 51. so as to с inf (зa) да, (та) да 52. strange as it may seem колкото и странно да изглежда 53. to regard someone as a fool смятам някого за глупак 54. to treat someone as an equal отнасям се към някого като към равен 55. we could not decide as to which was the best не можехме да решим кое е най-хубавото 56. за време като, както, когато 57. за причина тъй като, том като 58. както, каквото, какъвто 59. като (в качеството си на), както 60. като, като например 61. макар и, колкото и 62. с предл 63. след глаголи като regard, view, represent и пр. като, за
    * * *
    as[æz - силна форма, əz - слаба форма] I adv, cj, pron 1. както, според както, каквото; \as things go както вървят работите; \as it is при това положение, и без това; и така, и така; \as it stands (is) както е; \as people say както казват хората, според хората; do \as he tells you прави каквото ти казва; \as best you can както можеш; \as usual ( always, ever) както винаги; \as above както по-горе; \as the case may be според случая; 2. като, като напр. a country such \as Spain страна като (напр.) Испания; I had the same trouble \as you had имах същите неприятности като теб; 3. като (в качеството на), както; he played \as never before игра както никога до тогава; \as a musician he is no good като музикант нищо не струва; \as such като такъв; 4. като, както (когато, докато); \as I was coming home I met Bill срещнах Бил като се прибирах; 5. тъй като; \as she is ill, we' ll go alone тъй като тя е болна, ще отидем сами; 6. макар и; колкото и; макар че; busy \as he is, he is sure to come макар и да е зает, той ще дойде непременно; strange \as it may seem it is true колкото и да изглежда странно, вярно е; 7. c inf: we started early so \as to arrive in time тръгнахме рано, за да пристигнем навреме; be so good \as to бъди любезен да, бъди така добър да; 8.: \as... \as, not so (\as) ... \as (толкова) ... колкото, като; \as much \as you like колкото искаш; \as large \as life в естествена големина; I am \as old \as you аз съм на твоята възраст; \as far \as доколкото; \as (so, in so) far \as I am concerned колкото се отнася до мен; \as good \as все едно, че; he is \as good \as dead той все едно, че е умрял; \as early ( far back) \as още през; \as late \as още (чак) през; \as long \as докато; \as soon \as щом (като); \as soon ( early) \as possible колкото се може по-рано; 9. с предлог: \as against срещу, в сравнение с; \as for а пък, колкото за; \as from today от днес; \as of now ам. сега засега; \as per търг. според, съгласно; \as per usual шег. както винаги; \as to колкото за, що се отнася до, относно; he said nothing \as to weather he will go той не каза нищо относно заминаването си; \as if, \as though като че ли; \as it were като че ли, така да се каже; \as you were воен. команда "остави"; \as regards колкото се отнася до; \as well също; take this \as well вземи и това; все едно, също така добре; най-добре; you might \as well say no все едно да кажеш не, най-добре кажи не; \as yet досега, още; there has been no trouble - \as yet! няма неприятности - поне засега! I thought \as much така си и мислех. II [æs] n дребна римска медна монета.

    English-Bulgarian dictionary > as

  • 106 nord-ouest

    c black nord-ouest [nɔʀwεst]
    invariable adjective
    masculine noun
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ✦ The d is not pronounced.
    * * *
    nɔʀ(d)wɛst
    1.
    adjectif invariable [façade, versant] northwest; [frontière, zone] northwestern

    2.
    nom masculin northwest
    * * *
    nɔʀwɛst nm
    * * *
    A adj inv [façade, versant] northwest; [frontière, zone] northwestern.
    B nm northwest; vent de nord-ouest northwesterly wind.
    [nɔrwɛst] nom masculin invariable & adjectif invariable

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > nord-ouest

  • 107 face

    I 1. [feɪs]
    1) (of person) faccia f., viso m., volto m.; (of animal) muso m.

    to punch sb. in the face — dare un pugno in faccia a qcn.

    to slam the door in sb.'s face — sbattere la porta in faccia a qcn. (anche fig.)

    to look sb. in the face — guardare qcn. in faccia (anche fig.)

    face up, down — a faccia in su, in giù

    2) (expression) aria f.

    to change the face of — cambiare il volto di [ industry]

    on the face of it, it sounds easy — a prima vista, sembra facile

    to lose, save face — perdere, salvare la faccia

    5) (surface) (of clock, watch) quadrante m.; (of planet, gem, dice, coin, playing card) faccia f.; (of cliff, mountain, rock) parete f.; (of document) recto m.

    to disappear o vanish off the face of the earth — colloq. sparire dalla faccia della terra

    2.

    sadface-d — dalla o con la faccia triste

    ••

    to set one's face against sb., sth. — opporsi fermamente a qcn., qcs.

    to have the face to do — BE colloq. avere la faccia tosta di fare

    II 1. [feɪs]
    1) (look towards) [ person] stare, essere di fronte a [ audience]; [ room] dare su [park, beach]

    to face north — [ person] guardare a nord; [ building] essere rivolto verso nord

    facing our house, there is... — di fronte alla nostra casa, c'è

    2) (confront) affrontare, fare fronte a [challenge, crisis]; dover pagare [ fine]; essere prossimo a, essere sull'orlo di [redundancy, ruin]; trovarsi di fronte a, dover fare [ choice]; fronteggiare, trovarsi di fronte a [rival, team]

    to be faced with — trovarsi di fronte a [problem, decision]

    to face sb. with — mettere qcn. di fronte a [truth, evidence]

    let's face it,... — parliamoci chiaro

    I can't face him, doing — non ce la faccio a vederlo, a fare

    5) (run the risk of) rischiare [fine, suspension]
    6) ing. rivestire, ricoprire [façade, wall] ( with di)
    7) tip. [photo, etc.] essere di fronte a [ page]
    2.
    1)

    to face towards — [ person] guardare o essere rivolto verso; [ chair] essere girato o rivolto verso; [window, house] dare su [ garden]

    to face o be facing backwards voltare la schiena, essere di spalle; to be facing up, down — essere a faccia in su, in giù

    2) mil.
    •
    * * *
    [feis] 1. noun
    1) (the front part of the head, from forehead to chin: a beautiful face.) faccia, viso
    2) (a surface especially the front surface: a rock face.) superficie
    3) (in mining, the end of a tunnel etc where work is being done: a coal face.) fronte
    2. verb
    1) (to be opposite to: My house faces the park.) essere di fronte a, guardare verso
    2) (to turn, stand etc in the direction of: She faced him across the desk.) affrontare
    3) (to meet or accept boldly: to face one's fate.) affrontare
    •
    - - faced
    - facial
    - facing
    - facecloth
    - facelift
    - face-powder
    - face-saving
    - face value
    - at face value
    - face the music
    - face to face
    - face up to
    - in the face of
    - lose face
    - make/pull a face
    - on the face of it
    - put a good face on it
    - save one's face
    * * *
    I 1. [feɪs]
    1) (of person) faccia f., viso m., volto m.; (of animal) muso m.

    to punch sb. in the face — dare un pugno in faccia a qcn.

    to slam the door in sb.'s face — sbattere la porta in faccia a qcn. (anche fig.)

    to look sb. in the face — guardare qcn. in faccia (anche fig.)

    face up, down — a faccia in su, in giù

    2) (expression) aria f.

    to change the face of — cambiare il volto di [ industry]

    on the face of it, it sounds easy — a prima vista, sembra facile

    to lose, save face — perdere, salvare la faccia

    5) (surface) (of clock, watch) quadrante m.; (of planet, gem, dice, coin, playing card) faccia f.; (of cliff, mountain, rock) parete f.; (of document) recto m.

    to disappear o vanish off the face of the earth — colloq. sparire dalla faccia della terra

    2.

    sadface-d — dalla o con la faccia triste

    ••

    to set one's face against sb., sth. — opporsi fermamente a qcn., qcs.

    to have the face to do — BE colloq. avere la faccia tosta di fare

    II 1. [feɪs]
    1) (look towards) [ person] stare, essere di fronte a [ audience]; [ room] dare su [park, beach]

    to face north — [ person] guardare a nord; [ building] essere rivolto verso nord

    facing our house, there is... — di fronte alla nostra casa, c'è

    2) (confront) affrontare, fare fronte a [challenge, crisis]; dover pagare [ fine]; essere prossimo a, essere sull'orlo di [redundancy, ruin]; trovarsi di fronte a, dover fare [ choice]; fronteggiare, trovarsi di fronte a [rival, team]

    to be faced with — trovarsi di fronte a [problem, decision]

    to face sb. with — mettere qcn. di fronte a [truth, evidence]

    let's face it,... — parliamoci chiaro

    I can't face him, doing — non ce la faccio a vederlo, a fare

    5) (run the risk of) rischiare [fine, suspension]
    6) ing. rivestire, ricoprire [façade, wall] ( with di)
    7) tip. [photo, etc.] essere di fronte a [ page]
    2.
    1)

    to face towards — [ person] guardare o essere rivolto verso; [ chair] essere girato o rivolto verso; [window, house] dare su [ garden]

    to face o be facing backwards voltare la schiena, essere di spalle; to be facing up, down — essere a faccia in su, in giù

    2) mil.
    •

    English-Italian dictionary > face

  • 108 northern

    ['nɔːðən]
    aggettivo attrib. [coast, boundary] settentrionale; [town, custom, accent] del nord; [ Europe] del nord, settentrionale; [hemisphere, latitude] boreale
    * * *
    [-ðən]
    adjective (of the north or the North.) del nord, settentrionale
    * * *
    ['nɔːðən]
    aggettivo attrib. [coast, boundary] settentrionale; [town, custom, accent] del nord; [ Europe] del nord, settentrionale; [hemisphere, latitude] boreale

    English-Italian dictionary > northern

  • 109 Голландия

    Нидерланды или Голландия
    (государственный язык нидерландский, национальная валюта — гульден)
    Netherlands, the (used with a sing. or pl. v.)
    a kingdom in W Europe, on the North Sea. 14, 715, 000; 16, 163 sq. mi. (41, 863 sq. km). Capitals: Amsterdam and The Hague. Also called Holland. Dutch, Nederland.
    Derived words: Netherlander, n. / Netherlandian, adj.
    Also called: Holland.
    1. a kingdom in NW Europe, on the North Sea: declared independence from Spain in 1581 as the United Provinces; became a major maritime and commercial power in the 17th century, gaining many overseas possessions; a member of the Common Market. It is mostly flat and low-lying, with about 40 per cent of the land being below sea level, much of it on polders protected by dykes. Language: Dutch. Religion: Christian, with both Protestant and Roman Catholic Churches. Currency: guilder. Capital: Amsterdam, with the seat of government at The Hague. Pop.: 14 714 948 (1988 est.). Area: 40 883 sq. km (15 785 sq. miles). Dutch name: Nederland
    2. the kingdom of the Netherlands together with the Flemish-speaking part of Belgium, esp. as ruled by Spain and Austria before 1581; the Low Countries.

    Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > Голландия

  • 110 Нидерланды

    Нидерланды или Голландия
    (государственный язык нидерландский, национальная валюта — гульден)
    Netherlands, the (used with a sing. or pl. v.)
    a kingdom in W Europe, on the North Sea. 14, 715, 000; 16, 163 sq. mi. (41, 863 sq. km). Capitals: Amsterdam and The Hague. Also called Holland. Dutch, Nederland.
    Derived words: Netherlander, n. / Netherlandian, adj.
    Also called: Holland.
    1. a kingdom in NW Europe, on the North Sea: declared independence from Spain in 1581 as the United Provinces; became a major maritime and commercial power in the 17th century, gaining many overseas possessions; a member of the Common Market. It is mostly flat and low-lying, with about 40 per cent of the land being below sea level, much of it on polders protected by dykes. Language: Dutch. Religion: Christian, with both Protestant and Roman Catholic Churches. Currency: guilder. Capital: Amsterdam, with the seat of government at The Hague. Pop.: 14 714 948 (1988 est.). Area: 40 883 sq. km (15 785 sq. miles). Dutch name: Nederland
    2. the kingdom of the Netherlands together with the Flemish-speaking part of Belgium, esp. as ruled by Spain and Austria before 1581; the Low Countries.

    Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > Нидерланды

  • 111 Empire, Portuguese overseas

    (1415-1975)
       Portugal was the first Western European state to establish an early modern overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean and perhaps the last colonial power to decolonize. A vast subject of complexity that is full of myth as well as debatable theories, the history of the Portuguese overseas empire involves the story of more than one empire, the question of imperial motives, the nature of Portuguese rule, and the results and consequences of empire, including the impact on subject peoples as well as on the mother country and its society, Here, only the briefest account of a few such issues can be attempted.
       There were various empires or phases of empire after the capture of the Moroccan city of Ceuta in 1415. There were at least three Portuguese empires in history: the First empire (1415-1580), the Second empire (1580-1640 and 1640-1822), and the Third empire (1822-1975).
       With regard to the second empire, the so-called Phillipine period (1580-1640), when Portugal's empire was under Spanish domination, could almost be counted as a separate era. During that period, Portugal lost important parts of its Asian holdings to England and also sections of its colonies of Brazil, Angola, and West Africa to Holland's conquests. These various empires could be characterized by the geography of where Lisbon invested its greatest efforts and resources to develop territories and ward off enemies.
       The first empire (1415-1580) had two phases. First came the African coastal phase (1415-97), when the Portuguese sought a foothold in various Moroccan cities but then explored the African coast from Morocco to past the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. While colonization and sugar farming were pursued in the Atlantic islands, as well as in the islands in the Gulf of Guinea like São Tomé and Príncipe, for the most part the Portuguese strategy was to avoid commitments to defending or peopling lands on the African continent. Rather, Lisbon sought a seaborne trade empire, in which the Portuguese could profit from exploiting trade and resources (such as gold) along the coasts and continue exploring southward to seek a sea route to Portuguese India. The second phase of the first empire (1498-1580) began with the discovery of the sea route to Asia, thanks to Vasco da Gama's first voyage in 1497-99, and the capture of strong points, ports, and trading posts in order to enforce a trade monopoly between Asia and Europe. This Asian phase produced the greatest revenues of empire Portugal had garnered, yet ended when Spain conquered Portugal and commanded her empire as of 1580.
       Portugal's second overseas empire began with Spanish domination and ran to 1822, when Brazil won her independence from Portugal. This phase was characterized largely by Brazilian dominance of imperial commitment, wealth in minerals and other raw materials from Brazil, and the loss of a significant portion of her African and Asian coastal empire to Holland and Great Britain. A sketch of Portugal's imperial losses either to native rebellions or to imperial rivals like Britain and Holland follows:
       • Morocco (North Africa) (sample only)
       Arzila—Taken in 1471; evacuated in 1550s; lost to Spain in 1580, which returned city to a sultan.
       Ceuta—Taken in 1415; lost to Spain in 1640 (loss confirmed in 1668 treaty with Spain).
       • Tangiers—Taken in 15th century; handed over to England in 1661 as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry to King Charles II.
       • West Africa
       • Fort/Castle of São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (in what is now Ghana)—Taken in 1480s; lost to Holland in 1630s.
       • Middle East
       Socotra-isle—Conquered in 1507; fort abandoned in 1511; used as water resupply stop for India fleet.
       Muscat—Conquered in 1501; lost to Persians in 1650.
       Ormuz—Taken, 1505-15 under Albuquerque; lost to England, which gave it to Persia in the 17th century.
       Aden (entry to Red Sea) — Unsuccessfully attacked by Portugal (1513-30); taken by Turks in 1538.
       • India
       • Ceylon (Sri Lanka)—Taken by 1516; lost to Dutch after 1600.
       • Bombay—Taken in 16th century; given to England in 1661 treaty as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry for Charles II.
       • East Indies
       • Moluccas—Taken by 1520; possession confirmed in 1529 Saragossa treaty with Spain; lost to Dutch after 1600; only East Timor remaining.
       After the restoration of Portuguese independence from Spain in 1640, Portugal proceeded to revive and strengthen the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, with international aid to fight off further Spanish threats to Portugal and drive the Dutch invaders out of Brazil and Angola. While Portugal lost its foothold in West Africa at Mina to the Dutch, dominion in Angola was consolidated. The most vital part of the imperial economy was a triangular trade: slaves from West Africa and from the coasts of Congo and Angola were shipped to plantations in Brazil; raw materials (sugar, tobacco, gold, diamonds, dyes) were sent to Lisbon; Lisbon shipped Brazil colonists and hardware. Part of Portugal's War of Restoration against Spain (1640-68) and its reclaiming of Brazil and Angola from Dutch intrusions was financed by the New Christians (Jews converted to Christianity after the 1496 Manueline order of expulsion of Jews) who lived in Portugal, Holland and other low countries, France, and Brazil. If the first empire was mainly an African coastal and Asian empire, the second empire was primarily a Brazilian empire.
       Portugal's third overseas empire began upon the traumatic independence of Brazil, the keystone of the Lusitanian enterprise, in 1822. The loss of Brazil greatly weakened Portugal both as a European power and as an imperial state, for the scattered remainder of largely coastal, poor, and uncolonized territories that stretched from the bulge of West Africa to East Timor in the East Indies and Macau in south China were more of a financial liability than an asset. Only two small territories balanced their budgets occasionally or made profits: the cocoa islands of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea and tiny Macau, which lost much of its advantage as an entrepot between the West and the East when the British annexed neighboring Hong Kong in 1842. The others were largely burdens on the treasury. The African colonies were strapped by a chronic economic problem: at a time when the slave trade and then slavery were being abolished under pressures from Britain and other Western powers, the economies of Guinea- Bissau, São Tomé/Príncipe, Angola, and Mozambique were totally dependent on revenues from the slave trade and slavery. During the course of the 19th century, Lisbon began a program to reform colonial administration in a newly rejuvenated African empire, where most of the imperial efforts were expended, by means of replacing the slave trade and slavery, with legitimate economic activities.
       Portugal participated in its own early version of the "Scramble" for Africa's interior during 1850-69, but discovered that the costs of imperial expansion were too high to allow effective occupation of the hinterlands. After 1875, Portugal participated in the international "Scramble for Africa" and consolidated its holdings in west and southern Africa, despite the failure of the contra-costa (to the opposite coast) plan, which sought to link up the interiors of Angola and Mozambique with a corridor in central Africa. Portugal's expansion into what is now Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (eastern section) in 1885-90 was thwarted by its oldest ally, Britain, under pressure from interest groups in South Africa, Scotland, and England. All things considered, Portugal's colonizing resources and energies were overwhelmed by the African empire it possessed after the frontier-marking treaties of 1891-1906. Lisbon could barely administer the massive area of five African colonies, whose total area comprised about 8 percent of the area of the colossal continent. The African territories alone were many times the size of tiny Portugal and, as of 1914, Portugal was the third colonial power in terms of size of area possessed in the world.
       The politics of Portugal's empire were deceptive. Lisbon remained obsessed with the fear that rival colonial powers, especially Germany and Britain, would undermine and then dismantle her African empire. This fear endured well into World War II. In developing and keeping her potentially rich African territories (especially mineral-rich Angola and strategically located Mozambique), however, the race against time was with herself and her subject peoples. Two major problems, both chronic, prevented Portugal from effective colonization (i.e., settling) and development of her African empire: the economic weakness and underdevelopment of the mother country and the fact that the bulk of Portuguese emigration after 1822 went to Brazil, Venezuela, the United States, and France, not to the colonies. These factors made it difficult to consolidate imperial control until it was too late; that is, until local African nationalist movements had organized and taken the field in insurgency wars that began in three of the colonies during the years 1961-64.
       Portugal's belated effort to revitalize control and to develop, in the truest sense of the word, Angola and Mozambique after 1961 had to be set against contemporary events in Europe, Africa, and Asia. While Portugal held on to a backward empire, other European countries like Britain, France, and Belgium were rapidly decolonizing their empires. Portugal's failure or unwillingness to divert the large streams of emigrants to her empire after 1850 remained a constant factor in this question. Prophetic were the words of the 19th-century economist Joaquim Oliveira Martins, who wrote in 1880 that Brazil was a better colony for Portugal than Africa and that the best colony of all would have been Portugal itself. As of the day of the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which sparked the final process of decolonization of the remainder of Portugal's third overseas empire, the results of the colonization program could be seen to be modest compared to the numbers of Portuguese emigrants outside the empire. Moreover, within a year, of some 600,000 Portuguese residing permanently in Angola and Mozambique, all but a few thousand had fled to South Africa or returned to Portugal.
       In 1974 and 1975, most of the Portuguese empire was decolonized or, in the case of East Timor, invaded and annexed by a foreign power before it could consolidate its independence. Only historic Macau, scheduled for transfer to the People's Republic of China in 1999, remained nominally under Portuguese control as a kind of footnote to imperial history. If Portugal now lacked a conventional overseas empire and was occupied with the challenges of integration in the European Union (EU), Lisbon retained another sort of informal dependency that was a new kind of empire: the empire of her scattered overseas Portuguese communities from North America to South America. Their numbers were at least six times greater than that of the last settlers of the third empire.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Empire, Portuguese overseas

  • 112 Osten

    m; -s, kein Pl. (abgek. O) east (Abk. E); (östlicher Landesteil) East; nach Osten east(wards); Verkehr, Straße etc.: eastbound...; von oder aus dem Osten from the east; sie kommt aus dem Osten (aus der ehem. DDR) she comes from East Germany; (aus dem ehem. Ostblock) she comes from the East ( oder from Eastern Europe); der Osten einer Stadt: the eastern part ( oder districts Pl.); fern I 1, mittler... 1, nah I 1
    * * *
    der Osten
    east
    * * *
    Ọs|ten ['ɔstn]
    m -s,
    no pl
    1) east; (von Land) East

    der Nahe Osten — the Middle East, the Near East

    der Mittlere Osten — area stretching from Iran and Iraq to India, the Middle East

    im Nahen und Mittleren Osten — in the Middle East

    aus dem Osten, von Osten her — from the east

    Flüchtlinge aus dem Osten (Hist: aus ehemaligen deutschen Ostgebieten) — German refugees displaced from former German territories in the East after World War II

    or nach Osten — east(wards), to the east

    nach Osten ( hin) — to the east

    im Osten der Stadt/des Landes — in the east of the town/country

    im Osten Frankreichs — in the east of France, in eastern France

    2) (POL)
    * * *
    der
    1) (the direction from which the sun rises, or any part of the earth lying in that direction: The wind is blowing from the east; The village is to the east of Canton; in the east of England.) east
    2) ((also E) one of the four main points of the compass: He took a direction 10° E of N / east of north.) east
    3) (the countries east of Europe: the Middle/Far East.) the East
    * * *
    Os·ten
    <-s>
    [ˈɔstn̩]
    m kein pl, kein indef art
    die Sonne geht im \Osten auf the sun rises in the east
    der Ferne \Osten the Far East
    der Nahe \Osten the Near [or Middle] East; s.a. Norden 1
    2. (östliche Gegend) east; s.a. Norden 2
    3. (ehemalige DDR)
    ▪ der \Osten former East Germany
    aus dem \Osten kommen [o stammen] to come from the East [or former East Germany
    4. POL
    ▪ der \Osten the East; (Osteuropa) Eastern Europe
    * * *
    der; Ostens
    1) (Richtung) east

    im/aus dem od. von Osten — in/from the east

    2) (Gegend) eastern part
    3) (Geogr.)

    der Mittlere Osten — south-western Asia (including Afghanistan and Nepal)

    4) (Politik)

    der Osten — (der Ostblock) the East

    * * *
    Osten m; -s, kein pl (abk O) east (abk E); (östlicher Landesteil) East;
    nach Osten east(wards); Verkehr, Straße etc: eastbound …;
    aus dem Osten from the east;
    sie kommt aus dem Osten (aus der ehemaligen DDR) she comes from East Germany; (aus dem ehemaligen Ostblock) she comes from the East ( oder from Eastern Europe);
    der Osten einer Stadt: the eastern part ( oder districts pl); → fern A 1, mittler… 1, nah A 1
    * * *
    der; Ostens
    1) (Richtung) east

    im/aus dem od. von Osten — in/from the east

    2) (Gegend) eastern part
    3) (Geogr.)

    der Mittlere Osten — south-western Asia (including Afghanistan and Nepal)

    * * *
    nur sing. m.
    East n.
    orient n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Osten

  • 113 пролив Ваддензе

    1. Wattenmeer

     

    пролив Ваддензе
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    Wadden Sea
    The Wadden sea is a shallow sea extending along the North Sea coasts of The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is a highly dynamic ecosystem with tidal channels, sands, mud flats, salt marshes, beaches, dunes, river mouths and a transition zone to the North Sea, the offshore zone. Most parts of the Wadden Sea, in particular in The Netherlands and Lower Saxony, are sheltered by barrier islands and contain smaller or wider areas of intertidal flats. The present form of the Wadden Sea is the result of both natural forces and action by man. Twice a day, on average, 15 km3 of sea water enter the Wadden sea. With the water from the North Sea, large amount of sand and silt are imported which settle in places with little water movement. During low tides large parts of the Wadden Sea emerge. These so-called tidal flats cover about 2/3 of the tidal area and are one of its most characteristic features. Nowhere in the world can such a large unbroken stretch of tidal flats be found. They account for 60% of all tidal areas in Europe and North Africa. (Source: CWSS)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > пролив Ваддензе

  • 114 mer des Wadden

    1. пролив Ваддензе

     

    пролив Ваддензе
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    Wadden Sea
    The Wadden sea is a shallow sea extending along the North Sea coasts of The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is a highly dynamic ecosystem with tidal channels, sands, mud flats, salt marshes, beaches, dunes, river mouths and a transition zone to the North Sea, the offshore zone. Most parts of the Wadden Sea, in particular in The Netherlands and Lower Saxony, are sheltered by barrier islands and contain smaller or wider areas of intertidal flats. The present form of the Wadden Sea is the result of both natural forces and action by man. Twice a day, on average, 15 km3 of sea water enter the Wadden sea. With the water from the North Sea, large amount of sand and silt are imported which settle in places with little water movement. During low tides large parts of the Wadden Sea emerge. These so-called tidal flats cover about 2/3 of the tidal area and are one of its most characteristic features. Nowhere in the world can such a large unbroken stretch of tidal flats be found. They account for 60% of all tidal areas in Europe and North Africa. (Source: CWSS)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

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    Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > mer des Wadden

  • 115 Wattenmeer

    1. пролив Ваддензе

     

    пролив Ваддензе
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    Wadden Sea
    The Wadden sea is a shallow sea extending along the North Sea coasts of The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is a highly dynamic ecosystem with tidal channels, sands, mud flats, salt marshes, beaches, dunes, river mouths and a transition zone to the North Sea, the offshore zone. Most parts of the Wadden Sea, in particular in The Netherlands and Lower Saxony, are sheltered by barrier islands and contain smaller or wider areas of intertidal flats. The present form of the Wadden Sea is the result of both natural forces and action by man. Twice a day, on average, 15 km3 of sea water enter the Wadden sea. With the water from the North Sea, large amount of sand and silt are imported which settle in places with little water movement. During low tides large parts of the Wadden Sea emerge. These so-called tidal flats cover about 2/3 of the tidal area and are one of its most characteristic features. Nowhere in the world can such a large unbroken stretch of tidal flats be found. They account for 60% of all tidal areas in Europe and North Africa. (Source: CWSS)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Wattenmeer

  • 116 Западная Европа

    1. Western Europe

     

    Западная Европа
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    Western Europe
    A geographic region of the European continent surrounded by the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, including Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and other member countries of the Western European Union. (Source: CIA)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Западная Европа

  • 117 пролив Ваддензе

    1. Wadden Sea

     

    пролив Ваддензе
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    Wadden Sea
    The Wadden sea is a shallow sea extending along the North Sea coasts of The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is a highly dynamic ecosystem with tidal channels, sands, mud flats, salt marshes, beaches, dunes, river mouths and a transition zone to the North Sea, the offshore zone. Most parts of the Wadden Sea, in particular in The Netherlands and Lower Saxony, are sheltered by barrier islands and contain smaller or wider areas of intertidal flats. The present form of the Wadden Sea is the result of both natural forces and action by man. Twice a day, on average, 15 km3 of sea water enter the Wadden sea. With the water from the North Sea, large amount of sand and silt are imported which settle in places with little water movement. During low tides large parts of the Wadden Sea emerge. These so-called tidal flats cover about 2/3 of the tidal area and are one of its most characteristic features. Nowhere in the world can such a large unbroken stretch of tidal flats be found. They account for 60% of all tidal areas in Europe and North Africa. (Source: CWSS)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > пролив Ваддензе

  • 118 пролив Ваддензе

    1. mer des Wadden

     

    пролив Ваддензе
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    Wadden Sea
    The Wadden sea is a shallow sea extending along the North Sea coasts of The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is a highly dynamic ecosystem with tidal channels, sands, mud flats, salt marshes, beaches, dunes, river mouths and a transition zone to the North Sea, the offshore zone. Most parts of the Wadden Sea, in particular in The Netherlands and Lower Saxony, are sheltered by barrier islands and contain smaller or wider areas of intertidal flats. The present form of the Wadden Sea is the result of both natural forces and action by man. Twice a day, on average, 15 km3 of sea water enter the Wadden sea. With the water from the North Sea, large amount of sand and silt are imported which settle in places with little water movement. During low tides large parts of the Wadden Sea emerge. These so-called tidal flats cover about 2/3 of the tidal area and are one of its most characteristic features. Nowhere in the world can such a large unbroken stretch of tidal flats be found. They account for 60% of all tidal areas in Europe and North Africa. (Source: CWSS)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > пролив Ваддензе

  • 119 Wadden Sea

    1. пролив Ваддензе

     

    пролив Ваддензе
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    Wadden Sea
    The Wadden sea is a shallow sea extending along the North Sea coasts of The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is a highly dynamic ecosystem with tidal channels, sands, mud flats, salt marshes, beaches, dunes, river mouths and a transition zone to the North Sea, the offshore zone. Most parts of the Wadden Sea, in particular in The Netherlands and Lower Saxony, are sheltered by barrier islands and contain smaller or wider areas of intertidal flats. The present form of the Wadden Sea is the result of both natural forces and action by man. Twice a day, on average, 15 km3 of sea water enter the Wadden sea. With the water from the North Sea, large amount of sand and silt are imported which settle in places with little water movement. During low tides large parts of the Wadden Sea emerge. These so-called tidal flats cover about 2/3 of the tidal area and are one of its most characteristic features. Nowhere in the world can such a large unbroken stretch of tidal flats be found. They account for 60% of all tidal areas in Europe and North Africa. (Source: CWSS)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Wadden Sea

  • 120 AFNORTH

    1) Военный термин: Allied Forces North, Allied Forces Northern Europe (NATO)
    2) Сокращение: Allied Forces, Northern Europe (Now AFNORTHWEST (NATO))

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > AFNORTH

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