-
1 IRELAND
Íverind- (As indicated by the hyphen, some ending is needed – a Quenya word cannot end in nd. The normal form must be *Íverin, becoming Íverind(e)- before an ending, e.g. genitive *Íverindo, locative *Íverindessë [cf. Lórien, locative Lóriendessë]. The name is also given as Íwerin or Iverindor, "an island off the west coast of Tol Eressëa" – Eressëa later becoming England in this early version of Tolkien's mythology.) –LT2:344, cf 285 -
2 ELF
quendë (a technical, generic term, seldom used in the sg; pl Quendi is the usual form; there are gender-specific forms quendu m. and quendi f., but they seem to be rare; pl. forms quendur, quendir are attested), Elda (originally generic, but later [MET] used of Elves of the Three Kindreds [Noldor, Vanyar, Teleri] only. That was at least the proper usage: Elda was the normal word for "elf" in Valinor, since all Elves there were Eldar, and quendë became a word of lore. An archaic variant of Elda was Eldo.) With generic reference, the pl. Eldar has no article and is used to eman “Elves, The Elves, All Elves”; i Eldar with the article means “the Elves” with reference to some particular individuals previously mentioned. The partitive plural Eldali “Elves, some Elves” is also attested (VT49:8). ELVES OF AMAN Amanyar (sg \#Amanya), ELVES WHO REFUSED TO JOIN IN THE WESTWARD MARCH (from Cuiviénen) Avari (sg Avar in WJ:371, VT47:13, 24; Avar or Avaro in Etym), also called Avamanyar "those who did not go to Aman, because they would not" (distinguish Úmanyar, Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those who did not in the event reach Aman", though they did join in the march from Cuiviénen; these are also called Heceldi or Ecelli, see EGLATH). See also DARK ELVES, GREEN-ELVES, GREY-ELVES, HIGH-ELVES, LIGHT-ELVES, SEA-ELVES, LITTLE ELF. Cf. also ELVENHOME Eldamar, Elendë. ELF-PEOPLE Eldalië, ELVISH Eldarinwa (adj only, pl. Eldarinwë attested in VT47:14; but "Elvish" meaning Elvish language is simply Eldarin. Properly, these words for "Elvish" apply to the Tree Kindreds only, not to all the Quendi.) Quenderin ("Elvish" referring to all the Quendi, "Quendian"; this remained a learned word) –WJ:361/KWEN(ED), MR:229 ELED, Silm:424, AB/WJ:371/Silm:65/MR:163, WJ:363, Silm:23/392, MR:415, WJ:407 -
3 EYE
hen (hend-) (normal pl. hendi as well as the dual form \#hendu are attested [isolated from hendumaica, WJ:337]; \#hendu would be used of a natural pair of eyes). SHARP-EYE hendumaica, EYES OF HEARTSEASE (a name of the pansy) Helinyetillë –KHEN-D-E, WJ:337, LT1:262 -
4 SUN
Anar, Úrin (Úrind-) (the latter was a "name of the Sun"; in LT1:271 úrin is glossed "blazing hot", and the word for "Sun" is Úr ["Ûr"] or Úri, Úrinci, Urwen.The stem Úrin is derived from was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must be derived from the same stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it.) Naira ("the heart of flame"), Calavénë, Calaventë (other names for the Sun). Yet another term was Ancalë or "Radiant One", but it is unclear whether or not Tolkien rejected this form (see LR:362 s.v. KAL). NEW SUN AFTER SOLSTICE ceuranar (VT48:7). SUNLIGHT árë (older [MET] ázë); SUNRISE anarórë, ambaron/Ambarónë (uprising, Orient) (a similar but untranslated word, Ambaróna, occurs in LotR), rómen (glossed "uprising, sunrise, east" in Silm:437, but the normal meaning of the word is always "east"). SUNSET andúnë (west, evening). (Amuntë in LT2 is certainly obsolete in LotR-style Quenya.) RAY OF THE SUN firin (this may not be a valid word in LotR-style Quenya; in a later source, firin is the adjective "dead"). –ANÁR, UR, LotR:1157, LotR:254, ORO, AM, LotR:490, NDU, MR:198, Silm:428, LT2:335, 341 -
5 UPRISING
(noun) ambaron, Ambarónë (sunrise, Orient) (a similar but untranslated word, Ambaróna, occurs in LotR:490). Rómen is glossed "uprising, sunrise, east" in Silm:437, but the normal meaning of the word is always "east". Cf. also: "UPRISING-FLOWER" *ambalotsë ("referring to the flower or floreate device used as a crest fixed to [the] point of a tall [illegible word, possibly 'archaic'] helmet", "pointed helm-crest". Tolkien asterisked the word because it was not attested, only a possible Quenya form of the name Amloth) –AM2, LotR:490, WJ:318
См. также в других словарях:
Normal form — may refer to: Normal form (abstract rewriting) Normal form (databases) Normal form (game theory) Normal form (mathematics) In formal language theory: Beta normal form Chomsky normal form Greibach normal form Kuroda normal form Normal form… … Wikipedia
normal form — A well formed formula of the propositional calculus is in conjunctive normal form when it is of the form A & B &…where each of A, B…is a formula consisting of a disjunction of atomic propositions or negations of atomic propositions (e.g. p ∨q ∨ ¬ … Philosophy dictionary
normal form — norminė forma statusas T sritis automatika atitikmenys: angl. normal form vok. Normalform, f rus. нормальная форма, f pranc. forme normale, f … Automatikos terminų žodynas
Normal-form game — In game theory, normal form is a way of describing a game. Unlike extensive form, normal form representations are not graphical per se, but rather represent the game by way of a matrix. While this approach can be of greater use in identifying… … Wikipedia
Normal form (abstract rewriting) — In abstract rewriting, a normal form is an element of the system which cannot be rewritten any further. Stated formally, for some reduction relation ⋅ → ⋅ over X a term t in X is a normal form if there does not exist a term t′ in X such … Wikipedia
Normal form (term rewriting) — In considering rewriting systems, a normal form is an element of the system which cannot be rewritten any further. Consider the basic term rewriting system with reduction rule ρ : g ( x , y ) → x . The term g ( g (4, 2), g (3, 1)) has the… … Wikipedia
Normal form (natural deduction) — An inference of natural deduction is a normal form, according to Dag Prawitz, if no formula occurrence is both the principal premise of an elimination rule and the conclusion of an introduction rule. This logic related article is a stub. You can… … Wikipedia
normal form — noun logic : a canonical or standard fundamental form of a statement to which others can be reduced; especially : a compound statement in the propositional calculus consisting of nothing but a conjunction of disjunctions whose disjuncts are… … Useful english dictionary
normal form game — noun Formally, a structure where P = 1,2, ...,m is a set of players, is an m tuple of pure strategy sets, one for each player, and is an m tuple of payoff functions. <! If someone can turn the math to inline math, please do it. See Also:… … Wiktionary
normal form — noun a) Any of various forms of a relational database providing criteria for determining a tables degree of vulnerability to logical inconsistencies and anomalies. b) A matrix that represents the possible outcomes of a game … Wiktionary
normal form — ● ►en loc. f. ► Voir forme normale … Dictionnaire d'informatique francophone
