-
1 NEW
vinya (cf. Vinyamar "New Dwelling", Vinyalondë "New Haven"), sinya, céva (fresh). NEW MOON ceuran-, NEW SUN AFTER SOLSTICE ceuranar. Early "Qenya" also has: NEW LIFE laito, laisi (vigour, youth) –Silm:425, UT:471, SIN, VT48:7, LT1:267 -
2 SOLSTICE, NEW
SUN AFTER: ceuranar –VT48:7 -
3 FOUNTAIN
ehtelë (issue of water, spring).The actual reading in LT1 and LT2 is ektelë, but Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya. The new form of the word is attested in Silm. LT also gives the form kektelë, that would likewise become *cehtelë.) –LT1:257, LT2:338 -
4 FRESH
venya, archaic wenya (yellow-green, green), virya, céva (new). FRESHNESS vén, wén (youth, greenness) –GWEN, VT46:22, VT48:7,8 -
5 HONEY
lis (liss-). In a far earlier source, reproduced in LT1:262, the word for "honey" was nektë. This would however become nehtë in LotR-style Quenya, since Tolkien later decided that kt becomes ht in Quenya, and in its new form nehtë the word turns up in the Etymologies with the slightly modified meaning "honeycomb". (Note: a homophone means "spear-head, gore, wedge, narrow promontory".) HONEY-BEE nier, nion –LIS, LT1:262, VT45:38, GL:60 -
6 LIFE
\#coivië (attested with a pronominal suffix: coivierya, “his/her life”), cuilë (being alive; obsoleting coi, coirë in LT1:257; the latter means "stirring, spring" in Tolkien's later Quenya); NEW LIFE laito, laisi (vigour, youth), LIFE-BREAD coimas (prob. coimast[a]-, cf. masta "bread") (lembas) –VT49:41,:42, KUY, LT1:267, Silm:406/429 -
7 MOON
Isil (-th-), Rána (so in Silm, VT47:11 and UT; Etym has Rana with a short a), CRESCENT MOON cú (bow), NEW MOON ceuran-, MOONLIGHT isilmë –I/THIL/LotR:1148, Silm:436/UT:242, RAN, LT1:271, VT48:7, MC:222, 223 -
8 SIT
har- (in CO attested in the plural continuative tense: hárar "are sitting". According to VT45:20, Tolkien derived har- "sit" from a root KHAD; if so, the past tense of har- should probably be *handë rather than *harnë. In Etym, the root KHAD was rejected and replaced by KHAM-, and the new Quenya verb for "sit" thus came to be ham-. However, since har- reappears in such a late text as CO, Tolkien may have decided to reinstate KHAD and its derivatives; writers may then treat both har- and ham- as valid verbs for "to sit".) –KHAM, UT:317, VT45:20 -
9 SPRING
(vb) tuia- (sprout); SPRING (noun; but for the season, see SPRING-TIME below) ehtelë (fountain, issue of water), SPRING OF WATER capalinda, WATER FALLING OUT SWIFTLY FROM A ROCKY SPRING celussë (freshet); SPRING, SPRING-TIME tuilë (this word literally means "budding, also collectively – buds, new shoots, fresh green" [LT1:269]. Also used = dayspring, early morn. In the Calendar of Imladris, tuilë was a precisely defined period of 54 days, but the word was also used without any exact definition. Besides tuilë, LT1:269 also has tuiliérë.) FIRST BEGINNING OF SPRING coirë ("stirring", according to the Calendar of Imladris a period of 54 days in early spring); "SPRING-SINGER" (i.e., swallow) tuilindo. SPRING TIDE, see TIDE. –TUY/LotR 1141, 1145, KEL, UT:426, LT1:260, Silm:429, LT2:338/LT1:269, VT39:7 -
10 SUN
Anar, Úrin (Úrind-) (the latter was a "name of the Sun"; in LT1:271 úrin is glossed "blazing hot", and the word for "Sun" is Úr ["Ûr"] or Úri, Úrinci, Urwen.The stem Úrin is derived from was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must be derived from the same stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it.) Naira ("the heart of flame"), Calavénë, Calaventë (other names for the Sun). Yet another term was Ancalë or "Radiant One", but it is unclear whether or not Tolkien rejected this form (see LR:362 s.v. KAL). NEW SUN AFTER SOLSTICE ceuranar (VT48:7). SUNLIGHT árë (older [MET] ázë); SUNRISE anarórë, ambaron/Ambarónë (uprising, Orient) (a similar but untranslated word, Ambaróna, occurs in LotR), rómen (glossed "uprising, sunrise, east" in Silm:437, but the normal meaning of the word is always "east"). SUNSET andúnë (west, evening). (Amuntë in LT2 is certainly obsolete in LotR-style Quenya.) RAY OF THE SUN firin (this may not be a valid word in LotR-style Quenya; in a later source, firin is the adjective "dead"). –ANÁR, UR, LotR:1157, LotR:254, ORO, AM, LotR:490, NDU, MR:198, Silm:428, LT2:335, 341 -
11 VIGOUR
tuo (muscle, sinew, strength), vië (manhood), vëassë, laito/laisi (new life, youth); VIGOROUS vëa (adult, manly); SET VIGOROUSLY OUT TO DO horya- (be compelled to do, have an impulse) –TUG, LT1:267, WEG, VT45:22 -
12 VOWEL
\#ómëa (only pl. ómëar attested), also \#óma-tengwë, \#ómatengwë (this term refers to vowels considered as independent phonemes, according to Fëanor's new insights on phonemics; only pl. ómatengwi is attested), óman (pl. "amandi" in LR:379 is a misreading for omandi, VT46:7; this term from the Etymologies may in any case be obsoleted by the above-mentioned forms), \#lehta tengwë (lit. "free/relased element"; only pl. lehta tengwi is attested; we would rather expect *lehtë tengwi). (Note: In some compounds, óma seems to mean "vowel" instead of "voice": VOWEL SIGN \#ómatehta (only pl ómatehtar is attested), DETERMINANT VOWEL sundóma, VOCALIC EXTENSION ómataina (q.v. for definition). Yet another term for "vowel", \#penna pl. pennar, is given in VT39:16, but this is taken from a draft and not included in the final text Tolkien wrote. – The term \#mussë tengwë "soft element" (only attested in the pl.: mussë tengwi) covers vowels, semi-vowels (y, w) and continuants (l, r, m, n). –VT39:8/16, OM, WJ:396, 319, 417, VT39:17 -
13 YOUNG
nessa, vinya, cana; YOUTH nésë (Þ), nessë, vírië, vínë, laito/laisi (vigour, new life). Note: all of these words seem to mean "youth" as an abstract; for "youth" = "young person", see YOUNGSTER. YOUNG OR SMALL WOMAN, see GIRL. YOUTHFUL nessima –NETH, VT46:22, VT47:26, LR:25, GL:37, LT1:267
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