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101 Heathcote, John
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 7 August 1783 Duffield, Derbyshire, Englandd. 18 January 1861 Tiverton, Devonshire, England[br]English inventor of the bobbin-net lace machine.[br]Heathcote was the son of a small farmer who became blind, obliging the family to move to Long Whatton, near Loughborough, c.1790. He was apprenticed to W.Shepherd, a hosiery-machine maker, and became a frame-smith in the hosiery industry. He moved to Nottingham where he entered the employment of an excellent machine maker named Elliott. He later joined William Caldwell of Hathern, whose daughter he had married. The lace-making apparatus they patented jointly in 1804 had already been anticipated, so Heathcote turned to the problem of making pillow lace, a cottage industry in which women made lace by arranging pins stuck in a pillow in the correct pattern and winding around them thread contained on thin bobbins. He began by analysing the complicated hand-woven lace into simple warp and weft threads and found he could dispense with half the bobbins. The first machine he developed and patented, in 1808, made narrow lace an inch or so wide, but the following year he made much broader lace on an improved version. In his second patent, in 1809, he could make a type of net curtain, Brussels lace, without patterns. His machine made bobbin-net by the use of thin brass discs, between which the thread was wound. As they passed through the warp threads, which were arranged vertically, the warp threads were moved to each side in turn, so as to twist the bobbin threads round the warp threads. The bobbins were in two rows to save space, and jogged on carriages in grooves along a bar running the length of the machine. As the strength of this fabric depended upon bringing the bobbin threads diagonally across, in addition to the forward movement, the machine had to provide for a sideways movement of each bobbin every time the lengthwise course was completed. A high standard of accuracy in manufacture was essential for success. Called the "Old Loughborough", it was acknowledged to be the most complicated machine so far produced. In partnership with a man named Charles Lacy, who supplied the necessary capital, a factory was established at Loughborough that proved highly successful; however, their fifty-five frames were destroyed by Luddites in 1816. Heathcote was awarded damages of £10,000 by the county of Nottingham on the condition it was spent locally, but to avoid further interference he decided to transfer not only his machines but his entire workforce elsewhere and refused the money. In a disused woollen factory at Tiverton in Devonshire, powered by the waters of the river Exe, he built 300 frames of greater width and speed. By continually making inventions and improvements until he retired in 1843, his business flourished and he amassed a large fortune. He patented one machine for silk cocoon-reeling and another for plaiting or braiding. In 1825 he brought out two patents for the mechanical ornamentation or figuring of lace. He acquired a sound knowledge of French prior to opening a steam-powered lace factory in France. The factory proved to be a successful venture that lasted many years. In 1832 he patented a monstrous steam plough that is reputed to have cost him over £12,000 and was claimed to be the best in its day. One of its stated aims was "improved methods of draining land", which he hoped would develop agriculture in Ireland. A cable was used to haul the implement across the land. From 1832 to 1859, Heathcote represented Tiverton in Parliament and, among other benefactions, he built a school for his adopted town.[br]Bibliography1804, with William Caldwell, British patent no. 2,788 (lace-making machine). 1808. British patent no. 3,151 (machine for making narrow lace).1809. British patent no. 3,216 (machine for making Brussels lace). 1813, British patent no. 3,673.1825, British patent no. 5,103 (mechanical ornamentation of lace). 1825, British patent no. 5,144 (mechanical ornamentation of lace).Further ReadingV.Felkin, 1867, History of the Machine-wrought Hosiery and Lace Manufacture, Nottingham (provides a full account of Heathcote's early life and his inventions).A.Barlow, 1878, The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power, London (provides more details of his later years).W.G.Allen, 1958 John Heathcote and His Heritage (biography).M.R.Lane, 1980, The Story of the Steam Plough Works, Fowlers of Leeds, London (for comments about Heathcote's steam plough).W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London, and C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History ofTechnology, Vol. V, Oxford: Clarendon Press (both describe the lace-making machine).RLH -
102 زقاق
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103 alley
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104 dapee
(n) path, lane. fŋ dapee deteta le. This lane is narrow. -
105 street
stri:t сущ.
1) улица in, on the street ≈ на улице The children were playing in (on) the street. ≈ Дети играли на улице. to cross a street ≈ переходить улицу back street broad street bustling street busy street congested street cross street crowded street dead-end street deserted street high street lonely street main street narrow street one-way street quiet street stop street through street wide street Syn: alley, avenue, highway, lane, motorway, road
2) (the Street) амер. сл. деловой или финансовый центр( обыкн. Уоллстрит) ∙ it's not up my street разг. ≈ я в этом не разбираюсь улица - the main * of the town главная улица города - * cries /calls/ крики разносчиков - * dress платье для улицы - * fighting( военное) бой в населенном пункте;
уличные бои - * parade (американизм) (торжественное) прохождение войск по улицам - * traffic уличное движение - manners of the * уличные нравы - in the * на улице - to live in /(амер) on/ this * жить на этой улице - to meet smb. in the * встретиться с кем-л. на улице - to walk the *(s) ходить /слоняться/ по улицам - to turn smb. into the *s выгнать кого-л. из дому /на улицу/ - the whole * gathered вся улица собралась проезжая часть улицы, мостовая - don't play in the * не играй на мостовой проход между двумя рядами (людей, предметов) (the S.) Флит-стрит (в Лондоне) ;
мир журналистики (the S.) (американизм) Уолл-стрит;
финансовые круги > man of the * простой /обыкновенный, средний/ человек, "человек с улицы";
обыватель > to walk the *s заниматься проституцией > to be on the * быть проституткой;
(американизм) быть безработным;
(американизм) (сленг) оказаться на свободе, выйти из тюрьмы;
быть бездомным, бесприютным;
оказаться на улице, быть выброшенным на улицу > to be in the same * with smb. быть в одинаковом положении с кем-л. > not to be in the same * with smb. отставать от кого-л.;
быть слабее, хуже кого-л. > to be *s ahead намного опережать > to be *s better быть намного лучше /выше/ > he is cleverer than you by long *s он несравненно /намного/ умнее вас > up one's * относящийся к кому-л. > it would be right up your * это прямо по вашей части /по вашей линии/ > easy * достаток, богатство > Queer S. (разговорное) неважные дела, трудности, неприятности( обыкн. финансовые) to be in the same ~ (with smb.) быть в одинаковом положении (с кем-л.) street: the man in the ~ обыватель;
заурядный человек;
to walk the streets, to be on the streets заниматься проституцией not in the same ~ with несравненно ниже, слабее или хуже;
it's not up my street разг. я в этом не разбираюсь not in the same ~ with несравненно ниже, слабее или хуже;
it's not up my street разг. я в этом не разбираюсь shopping ~ торговая улица shopping ~ торговый ряд street (the S.) амер. sl. деловой или финансовый центр (обыкн. Уоллстрит) Street: Street sl. неофициальная биржа street: street улица Street: Street sl. Уолл-стрит street: street: ~ attr. уличный;
street fighting уличные бои;
street cries крики разносчиков Street: Street: sweep the ~ совершать неофициальные биржевые сделки street: street: the man in the ~ обыватель;
заурядный человек;
to walk the streets, to be on the streets заниматься проституцией Street: Street: Wall ~ деловой центр США street: ~ attr. уличный;
street fighting уличные бои;
street cries крики разносчиков street: ~ attr. уличный;
street fighting уличные бои;
street cries крики разносчиков street: the man in the ~ обыватель;
заурядный человек;
to walk the streets, to be on the streets заниматься проституцией -
106 узкая улица
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107 lay-by
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108 passing place
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109 turnout
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110 Gasse
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111 dróżka
The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > dróżka
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112 stræde
* * *(et -r) narrow street, lane, alley;( sund) strait(s);[ på gader og stræder] in highways and byways;[ strædet ved Gibraltar] the Straits of Gibraltar. -
113 smau
subst. alley, lane, narrow passage -
114 callejón
callejón sustantivo masculino alley, narrow street; ( situación) dead end
callejón sustantivo masculino back alley o street (sin salida) cul-de-sac, dead end Locuciones: han llevado la situación a un callejón sin salida, the situation is at an impasse ' callejón' also found in these entries: Spanish: salida - pasaje English: alley - blind alley - cul-de-sac - dead end - gun down - passage - passageway - alleyway - dead - lane - stand -
115 engager
engager [ɑ̃gaʒe]➭ TABLE 31. transitive verba. ( = lier) to commit• engager sa parole or son honneur to give one's wordb. [+ employé] to take on ; [+ artiste] to engagec. ( = entraîner) to involved. ( = encourager) engager qn à faire qch to urge sb to do sthe. ( = introduire) to insertf. ( = amorcer) [+ discussion] to start ; [+ négociations] to enter into ; [+ procédure] to institute• l'affaire semble bien/mal engagée things seem to have got off to a good/bad startg. [+ concurrents] to enterh. [+ recrues] to enlist2. reflexive verba. ( = promettre) to commit o.s.• s'engager à faire qch to commit o.s. to doing sth• sais-tu à quoi tu t'engages ? do you know what you're letting yourself in for?b. s'engager dans [+ frais] to incur ; [+ pourparlers] to enter into ; [+ affaire] to become involved inc. ( = pénétrer) s'engager dans [véhicule, piéton] to turn intod. [pourparlers] to beginf. [recrues] to enlistg. (politiquement) to commit o.s.* * *ɑ̃gaʒe
1.
1) ( recruter) to hire [personnel]; to enlist [soldat]; to engage [artiste]2) ( commencer) to begin [processus]engager la partie — ( au football) to kick off
3) ( obliger) to commit [personne]4) ( mettre en jeu) to stake [réputation]5) ( introduire)6) ( amener)7) Économie to lay out [capitaux]8)engager quelqu'un à faire — ( exhorter) to urge somebody to do; ( conseiller) to advise somebody to do
9) Sport10) ( donner en gage) to pawn [objet précieux]
2.
s'engager verbe pronominal2) ( entreprendre)3) ( s'impliquer) to get involved4) ( p énétrer)5) ( être amorcé) [action judiciaire, processus, négociations] to begin6) ( se faire recruter) to enlists'engager dans l'armée/la police — to join the army/the police
* * *ɑ̃ɡaʒe vt1) (= embaucher) [employé, ouvrier] to take on, to hire, [recrues] to enlist2) (= commencer) [processus, débat] to start3) (= lier) to commit, to bindAttention, ceci vous engage. — Be careful, this is binding.
Cela ne vous engage à rien. — This doesn't commit you to anything.
4) (= impliquer, entraîner) to involveCela risque d'engager un processus juridique complexe. — This could involve a complicated court case.
5) (= investir) [moyens, ressources] to invest6) (= faire intervenir) [troupes] to engage, SPORT, [concurrents, chevaux] to enter7) (= inciter)engager qn à qch; Il m'a engagé à plus de modération. — He urged me to be more moderate.
8) (= faire pénétrer)* * *engager verb table: mangerA vtr1 ( recruter) to hire [personnel]; to enlist [soldat]; to engage [orchestre, danseur]; engager qn comme secrétaire to hire sb as secretary;2 ( commencer) to begin [politique de réforme, processus]; engager des négociations gén to begin negotiations; ( commencer à participer à) to enter into negotiations; c'est lui qui a engagé la conversation he started the conversation; nous avons engagé la conversation we struck up a conversation; savoir engager la conversation avec des gens que l'on ne connaît pas knowing how to strike up a conversation with strangers; engager le combat to go into combat; engager la partie ( au football) to kick off; engager une action judiciaire to take legal action;3 ( obliger) to commit [personne]; cela ne t'engage à rien this doesn't commit you to anything; le fait de venir ne t'engage pas you're not committing yourself by coming; votre signature vous engage your signature is binding;5 ( introduire) engager qch dans to put sth in; engager la clé dans la serrure to put the key in the lock; la clé est mal engagée the key has gone in askew;6 ( amener) engager une voiture dans une petite route to take a car into a country road; engager un bateau dans un chenal to take a boat up a channel; la voiture était déjà engagée dans le carrefour/sur le pont the car was already in the middle of the intersection/on the bridge; engager son pays dans une voie difficile to take one's country along a difficult road; engager son pays sur la voie des réformes to commit one's country to a programmeGB of reform;8 ( exhorter) engager qn à faire to urge sb to do; ( conseiller) engager qn à faire to advise sb to do;9 Mil, Sport engager qn dans une compétition to enter sb for a competition; engager des troupes dans une bataille to commit troops to battle;10 ( donner en gage) to pawn [objet précieux].B s'engager vpr1 ( promettre) to promise (à faire to do); elle s'est engagée à fond she is fully committed; avant de m'engager plus avant before committing myself further; s'engager à financer qch to undertake to finance sth; s'engager solennellement à faire to undertake solemnly to do; s'engager sur l'honneur à faire to undertake on one's word of honourGB to do; s'engager vis-à-vis de qn to take on a commitment to sb;2 ( entreprendre) s'engager dans des négociations/des études/un projet to embark on negotiations/studies/a project; s'engager dans une lutte contre la dictature to take up the fight against dictatorship; s'engager dans la bataille to go into action; s'engager dans des dépenses to incur expenses;3 ( s'impliquer) to get involved; s'engager dans diverses organisations politiques to get involved in various political organizations;4 ( pénétrer) s'engager sur une route/dans un tunnel to go into a road/a tunnel; s'engager sur un pont to go onto a bridge; s'engager dans la forêt to enter the forest; avant de s'engager dans un carrefour before going across an intersection; une fois que la voiture s'est engagée sur un pont once the car is on a bridge;5 ( être amorcé) [action judiciaire, processus, négociations] to begin; le combat s'engagea à l'aube combat began at dawn; la conversation s'engagea we/they struck up a conversation;6 ( se faire recruter) s'engager dans l'armée/la police to join the army/the police; il s'est engagé he has joined up; s'engager comme secrétaire to get a job as a secretary; ‘engagez-vous’ Mil ‘enlist today’; s'engager dans une compétition to enter a competition.[ɑ̃gaʒe] verbe transitif[faire pénétrer]voilà ce que je pense, mais ça n'engage que moi that's how I see it, but it's my own view4. [inciter]engager la conversation avec quelqu'un to engage somebody in conversation, to strike up a conversation with somebody7. MILITAIRE [envoyer] to commit to military action[recruter] to enlist8. [mettre en gage] to pawn————————s'engager verbe pronominal intransitif2. [prendre position] to take a stands'engager contre la peine de mort to campaign against ou to take a stand against the death penalty4. [auprès d'un employeur] to hire oneself out————————s'engager à verbe pronominal plus prépositions'engager à faire quelque chose [promettre] to commit oneself to doing something, to undertake to do something————————s'engager dans verbe pronominal plus préposition1. [avancer dans - suj: véhicule, piéton] to go ou to move intola voiture s'est engagée dans une rue étroite the car drove ou turned into a narrow streets'engager dans un carrefour to pull ou to draw out into a crossroads2. [entreprendre] to enter into, to beginle pays s'est engagé dans la lutte armée the country has committed itself to ou has entered into armed struggle3. SPORTs'engager dans une course/compétition to enter a race/an event -
116 ruelle
ruelle [ʀyεl]feminine noun( = rue) alleyway* * *ʀɥɛlnom féminin alleyway, back street* * *ʀɥɛl nf* * *ruelle nf alleyway, back street.[rɥɛl] nom féminin -
117 viarany
n (m) narrow path / lane -
118 레인
n. lane, narrow passageway between buildings (or walls, etc.) -
119 ལམ་སྲང་
[lam srang]lane, narrow street -
120 pattern
1) образ; изображение ( объекта); картина (напр. явления)2) структура; конфигурация; схема ( размещения или расположения) || иметь структуру; формировать структуру; обладать конфигурацией; придавать (определённую) конфигурацию; размещать(ся) или располагать(ся) по (определённой) схеме3) узор; (структурированный) рисунок || создавать узор; образовывать узор; формировать (структурированный) рисунок4) (структурированная) комбинация или последовательность ( объектов)5) распределение; картина распределения; диаграмма распределения || распределять(ся); обладать (определённой) картиной или диаграммой распределения6) диаграмма направленности (напр. антенны) || формировать диаграмму направленности (напр. антенны)7) модель; образец; шаблон || следовать модели или образцу, изготавливать по шаблону; служить моделью или образцом, являться шаблоном8) репрезентативный экземпляр; типичный пример9) тлв испытательная таблица10) стиль; форма || следовать стилю; придавать форму11) рлк (предписанная) схема захода на посадку•- 2D-pattern
- 3D-pattern
- alphamosaic pattern
- amplitude pattern
- antenna pattern
- array pattern
- arrival pattern
- axial ratio pattern
- azimuthal pattern
- background pattern
- backscattering pattern
- bar pattern
- bar test pattern
- beam pattern
- beat pattern
- bicolored pattern
- bidirectional pattern
- bit pattern
- Bitter powder patterns
- broadside pattern
- bubble pattern
- cardioid pattern
- charge pattern
- Chebyshev pattern
- Christmas-tree pattern
- circuit-interconnection pattern
- circular pattern
- code pattern
- color pattern
- color-bar pattern
- color-bar test pattern
- conductive pattern
- conductor pattern
- contoured pattern
- co-polar pattern
- co-polar radiation pattern
- cosecant pattern
- cosecant-squared pattern
- cosecant-squared radiation pattern
- cosine pattern
- cosine-type pattern
- coverage pattern
- crosshatch pattern
- cross-polar pattern
- cross-polar radiation pattern
- crystal pattern
- customized metallization pattern
- Debye powder pattern
- Debye-Scherrer powder pattern
- desktop pattern
- difference pattern
- diffraction pattern
- directional pattern
- directional-response pattern
- directivity pattern
- domain pattern
- dot pattern
- drive pattern
- earth-coverage radiation pattern
- electron-diffraction pattern
- electrostatic-charge pattern
- element pattern
- element-radiation pattern
- elevation-plane pattern
- equatorial pattern
- etch pattern
- example pattern
- eye pattern
- fan pattern
- far-field pattern
- far-zone pattern
- feed pattern
- field pattern
- fine-line pattern
- fine-linewidth pattern
- fixed-interconnection pattern
- Foucault pattern
- framing pattern
- Fraunhofer pattern
- Fraunhofer diffraction pattern
- free-space radiation pattern
- Fresnel pattern
- Fresnel diffraction pattern
- fringe pattern
- gear pattern
- grain pattern
- Gray-code test patterns
- ground-wave pattern
- heating pattern
- holographic pattern
- idle pattern
- input pattern
- integrated-circuit pattern
- interconnection pattern
- interdigitated pattern
- interference pattern
- isolation-etch oxide pattern
- land pattern
- lane-changing pattern
- language pattern
- Laue pattern
- layout pattern
- light band pattern
- Lissajous patterns
- lobed pattern
- luminescent pattern
- magnetic-field pattern
- magnetization pattern
- master pattern
- maximum-gain pattern
- metallization pattern
- mode pattern
- modulation patterns
- modulus squared Fraunhofer diffraction pattern
- moiré pattern
- multilobe pattern
- multiple pattern
- narrow-beam pattern
- near-field pattern
- near-field radiation pattern
- nulled pattern
- omnidirectional pattern
- optical pattern
- oscilloscope pattern
- output pattern
- pencil-beam pattern
- permalloy pattern
- phase pattern
- phosphor-dot pattern
- photoetched pattern
- pickax bubble propagation pattern
- polarization pattern
- polar radiation pattern
- pole-zero pattern
- potential pattern
- powder pattern
- power pattern
- primary pattern
- programmed interconnection pattern
- radiation pattern
- raster pattern
- receiving-beam pattern
- reference pattern
- reflectance pattern
- resolution pattern
- routing pattern
- scan pattern
- scattering pattern
- seasonal pattern
- secondary pattern
- sector-shaped pattern
- sector-shaped radiation pattern
- select pattern
- space pattern
- spatial-frequency pattern
- speckle pattern
- split-lobe pattern
- spot-beam pattern
- striation pattern
- stripline pattern
- stroboscopic pattern
- subject pattern
- sum pattern
- synchronization pattern
- synthetic array pattern
- target output pattern
- T-bar bubble propagation pattern
- tessellation pattern
- test pattern
- time pattern
- toroidal pattern
- tracking pattern
- training patterns
- transient pattern
- transient interference pattern
- transmitting-beam pattern
- umbrella pattern
- voltage pattern
- wedge pattern
- Y-Y bubble propagation pattern
- zero pattern
См. также в других словарях:
lane — W3S3 [leın] n [: Old English; Origin: lanu] 1.) a narrow road in the countryside →↑path ▪ a quiet country lane 2.) a road in a city, often used in road names ▪ the Hilton Hotel in Park Lane ▪ a network of alleys and back … Dictionary of contemporary English
lane — lane1 [lān] n. [ME < OE lanu, akin to Du laan < ? IE base * elā , to be in motion, go] 1. a narrow way between hedges, walls, buildings, etc.; narrow country road or city street 2. any narrow way, as an opening in a crowd of people 3. a) a… … English World dictionary
Lane — (l[=a]n), n. [OE. lane, lone, AS. lone, lone; akin to D. laan, OFries. lana, lona.] A passageway between fences or hedges which is not traveled as a highroad; an alley between buildings; a narrow way among trees, rocks, and other natural… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
lane — [ leın ] noun count ** 1. ) a narrow road, especially in the countryside: They live down a little country lane. a ) Lane used in the names of roads: Petticoat Lane 2. ) one of the parts that a wide road or highway is divided into, marked by… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
Lane splitting — is a form of lane sharing in which the rider of a relatively narrow single track vehicle (i.e. a motorcycle or bicycle) travels in the unused space between two lines of moving or stationary vehicles. It may be legal or illegal, depending on local … Wikipedia
Narrow Gauge and Shortline Gazette — Categories Rail transport modeling Publisher Benchmark Publications, Ltd. First issue 1975 Country United States Website http://www.ngslgazette.com … Wikipedia
lane — (n.) O.E. lane, lanu narrow hedged in road, common Germanic (Cf. O.Fris. lana, M.Du. lane, Du. laan lane, O.N. lön row of houses ), of unknown origin. As one track of a marked road, from 1921, Amer.Eng … Etymology dictionary
lane — ► NOUN 1) a narrow road, especially in a rural area. 2) a division of a road intended to separate single lines of traffic according to speed or direction. 3) each of a number of parallel strips of track or water for competitors in a race. 4) a… … English terms dictionary
lane — noun 1 (esp. BrE) narrow road ADJECTIVE ▪ narrow ▪ little, small ▪ single track (BrE) ▪ quiet ▪ … Collocations dictionary
lane — [[t]le͟ɪn[/t]] ♦♦♦ lanes 1) N COUNT A lane is a narrow road, especially in the country. ...a quiet country lane... Follow the lane to the river. 2) N IN NAMES Lane is also used in the names of roads, either in cities or in the country. ...The… … English dictionary
lane — I. noun Etymology: Middle English, from Old English lanu; akin to Middle Dutch lane lane Date: before 12th century 1. a narrow passageway between fences or hedges 2. a relatively narrow way or track: as a. an ocean route used by or prescribed for … New Collegiate Dictionary