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81 SAMA

co-

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(samdi, samat), v. to beseem, befit, become; e-t samir vel, illa, it befits well, ill (mart ferr nú annan veg en bezt mundi s.); e-m samir e-t vel, illa, it becomes one well, ill (illa samir þér at berjast í móti mér); vil ek sjá, hvernig þér sami skyrtan, how it fits thee; s. sér vel, to look well (Hallgerðr sat á palli ok samdi sér vel).

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pres. samir; pret. samði; pres. subj. sami; pret. semði; part. samat, Al. 125; with suffixed neg. samir-a, it befits not, Hkr. i. 154, Ísl. ii. 253 (in a verse); other tenses are taken from sóma or sæma, q. v.; [akin to sam]:—to beseem, befit, become; e-t samir vel, ílla …, it befits well, ill; or also, e-m samir e-t vel, ílla …, it becomes one well, ill; sem þeim sami (subj.) þat sízt, at …, Ld. 264; eigi samir þér þat, Ísl. ii. 242; samir þér þat ílla at veita mér útrúleik, Fms. i. 50, Ó. H. 216; sem þér semdi bezt, Fms. vi. 150; samir þat eigi, xi. 123; hitt þótti oss ílla sama, vi. 260; mart ferr nú annan veg en bezt mundi sama, v. 76; svört eru augun, systir, ok samir þat eigi, it does not look well, Korm. 20; veittu alla þjónustu þá er samði, Fms. x. 149, Skv. 3. 17; þann umbúnað er góðum mönnum semði, Fms. v. 94 (sómði, Ó. H. 224, l. c.); svá samdi Kristi at láta pínask, Hom. (St.) Luke xxiv. 26: láta sér e-t sama, to put up with a thing, Sks. 476: sama sér, to look well; mundi Guðrún ekki þurfa at falda sik til at sama betr en aðrar kouur, Ld. 210; Hallgerdr sat á palli ok samði sér vel, Nj. 25; vil ek sjá hvernig þér sami skyrtan, how it fits thee, Fas. ii. 201; veiztu annan konung þann er jafn-vel sami sér í herklæðum sem ek? Karl. 466.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SAMA
82 SPYRJA

question

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(spyr, spurða, spurðr), v.

1) to track, trace steps or footprints (hundar þeir, er vóru vanir at spyrja þá upp, er undan hljópust);

2) to investigate, find out (þeir fengu hann eigi upp spurðan);

3) to ask;

G. spurði, hvat hann vildi þá láta at gera, G. asked what he wished them to do;

with gen., spyrja e-n tíðenda, to ask tidings of one;

spyrja e-n ráðs, to ask advice of, consult one;

H. spurði margs ór brennunni, H. asked much about the burning;

with preps., spyrja e-n af e-u, at e-u, at um e-t, um e-t, to ask one about a thing;

spyrja at e-m, to inquire after one;

spyrja e-n at nafni, to ask one his name;

spyrja eptir, to ask, inquire (spurði hón eptir, hvat íslenzkra manna væri á skipi);

spurði Höskuldr dóttur sína ekki eprit, H. did not ask his daughter’s consent;

4) to hear, be informed of (spyrja sönn tíðendi);

Snorri spyrr nú, hvar komit málunum, now S. hears how the causes stood;

spyrja til e-s, to get inelligence as to, hear of (síðan hefi ek aldri til hans spurt);

5) refl., spyrjast, to be heard of or reported, to get abroad;

til Þórveigar spurðist þat, at hon lá hætt, it was told of Th. that she was very ill;

impers., mér spyrst á þann veg, I am told;

hefir til þessa skips aldregi spurzt, nothing has since been heard of this ship;

spyrjast fyrir um e-t, to inquire about (þeir spurðust þá fyrir um ferðir Ólafs konungs);

recipr. to ask one another (spyrjast tíðenda).

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pres. spyr, spyrjum, pl. spurði; subj. spyrði; imperat. spyr, spyrðú part. spurðr, spurt: a part. spurnum, as from a strong verb spurinn, Sks. 12 B. In mod. usage sounded as with u throughout, thus, infin. spurja; pres. spur; imperat. spurðu: with neg. suff. spyrjattu ( speer thou not), Fas. i. (in a verse): [spor; A. S. spurian; Scot. and North. E. speer; Germ. spüren; Swed. spörja, spörge.]

B. To track, trace steps or footprints; nú er maðr stolinn fé sínu, ok sér hann manna-farveg liggja frá garði, þá skal hann … spyrja til garðs manns, Gþl. 539; með hundum, er því vóru vanir at s. þá upp er undan hljópusk, Ó. H. 247, Hom. 159.

2. metaph. to track, investigate, find out (Germ. aufspüren): ok er engi likari til enn annarr, þá skolu ölhús-menn morð spyrja, N. G. L. i. 62; en erfingi spyri morð ef hann kann eptir koma, ii. 215; þá spyri erfingi morðs (morð), i. 309, but this sense is old and obsolete: s. upp, to find out; þeir fengu hann eigi upp spurðan, Sturl. ii. 125.

II. to speer, ask, absol. or with gen.: spyrja lögspurning, Grág. i. 21; Gunnarr spurði, hvat hann vildi þá láta at gera, Nj. 100: þeir spurdu hvat þar væri komit. Fms. i. 9:—with gen., s. e-s, to enquire after; spyrr konungr margra tiðinda, iv. 192: hann spurði margs ór brennunni, Nj. 213, passim: to request, spyrja síðan alla lögréttu menn, Grág. i. 8.

2. with prepp.; spyrja at e-u or spyrja e-n at e-u, to speer or ask after; spurði hann at Ástriði ok syni hennar, Fms. i. 70; s. at þingfesti manna, Grág. i. 19: spyrr Sigvaldi at ferðum Ólafs, Fms. x. 226, Gþl. 221; konungr spurði hann at nafni, speered at him for his name, Nj. 6:—s. eptir, spurði Höskuldr dóttur sína ekki eptir, did not ask her, ask her consent, Ni. 17; spurði Fjönir eptir bræðr sína, F. asked after his brothers. Fms. xi. 44; s. eptir e-n, to enquire after, i. 263, iv. 32, Eg. 89:—s. e-n um e-t (= eptir e-u), þeir spurðu Gunnar um fundinn, Nj. 100.

3. to hear, be informed of (Germ. erfahren): þat spyrja synir Haralds, Fms. i. 18; þat spyrr Bárðr at …, Eg. 31; Snorri spyrr nú hvar komit er málunum, Nj. 244, passim: s. til e-s, to get intelligence as to; þeir spurðu til Birkibeina, Fms. ix. 224; Gregorius spurði til þeirra þar sem hrita Saurbæir, vii. 270; spurði hann til Sóta, at hann var farinn suðr, Nj. 7.

III. reflex. to be reported, get abroad; skipkváman spyrsk, Nj. 5; tíðendi spyrjask, 25, 85; til Þorveigar spurðisk þat, at hón lá hætt, it was told of Th. that she was very ill, Korm. 164; hefir til þess skips aldregi spurzk, nothing has since been heard of this ship. Nj. 282: impers., mér spyrsk á þann veg, I am told, Eg. 20: spyrjask fyrir um e-t, to enquire, Ld. 226, Hkr. ii. 333: spyrjask um vandliga, id., Sks. 284.

2. recipr. to ask one another; spyrjask tíðenda, Nj. 227, 228, Eg. 547.

3. part., svara spurnum hlut, Sks. 12 B.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SPYRJA
83 STANDA

stand

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(stend; stóð, stóðum; staðinn), v.

1) to stand, opp. to sitja or liggja (hann stóð við vegginn);

koma standandi niðr, to come down on one’s feet;

skal mik niðr setja standanda, in a standing position;

standa fast, to stand fast;

standa höllum fœti, to stand slanting;

2) to stand, stick (G. skaut svá fast niðr skildinum, at hann stóð fastr í jörðunni);

sveininum stóð fiskbein í hálsi, the bone stuck in his throat;

3) to stand, remain;

borð stóðu, stood, were not removed;

4) to stand, be situated (bœr einn stóð skamt frá þeim);

5) to stand still, rest, pause (stóð þá kyrrt nökkura hríð);

verðr hér fyrst at standa sagan, the story must stop here for the present;

6) to last (hafði lengi staðit bardaginn);

7) to befit, become (konungr kvað þat eigi standa, at menn lægi svá);

ekki stendr þér slíkt, it does not befit thee;

8) to stand in a certain way, project, trend (fjögur horn ok stóðu fagrt, hit þriðja stóð í lopt upp);

stendr inn straumrinn, the tide (current) stands in;

blóðbogi stóð ór hvárutveggja eyranu, a stream of blood gushed out of both his ears;

kallar hann betr standa veðrit at fara landhallt, that the wind stands better for making land;

stóð vindr af landi, the wind blew from the land;

standa grunnt, to be shallow (vinátta okkur stendr grunnt);

9) to touch;

standa grunn, to stick on the ground (örkin stóð grunn);

10) to catch, overtake (hann drap menn Eiríks konungs, hvar sem hann stóð þá);

standa e-n at e-u, to catch one doing a thing (ef maðr verðr at því staðinn, at hann meiðir smala manna);

11) to stand, endure, bear (standa e-t or e-u);

12) to press, urge, trouble (elli stóð Hárek);

hvat stendr þik, what ails thee?

13) to weigh so much (gullhringr, er stóð mörk);

14) to stand by one, side with one, with dat.;

mikils er vert, hversu fast N. stendr þér um alla ráðagerð, how close N. stands by thee in all counsel;

15) with preps.:

standa af e-u, to proceed from, be caused by (opt stendr illt af kvenna hjali);

vil ok ek eigi, at af mér standi brigð okkarrar vináttu, nor do I wish to be the cause of a breach in our friendship;

standa af e-u við e-n, to give up, cede to one;

impers., segir hann honum, hvernig af stóð um ferð hans, how the matter stood as to his journey;

standa at e-m, to attack (var við sjálft, at þeir mundu standa at prestinum);

to stand by one, on one’s side (ek veit eigi víst, hvaðan G. inn ríki stendr at);

standa á e-u, to stand on, insist on (statt ei á því, er þér er bannat);

impers., stendr á illu einu með þeim, they are on very bad terms;

standa á e-m, to hang over one (sú skóggangssök, er á þér stendr); to refer to (þat heilræði stóð upp á þenna sama sendiboða);

standa eptir, to remain, be left;

standa fyrir e-u, to stand in the way of (þeir kváðu geip hennar ekki skyldu standa fyrir þingreið þeira);

standa e-m fyrir þrifum, to stand in the way of one’s thriving;

to stand before one, protect one (vér skulum Egil af lífi taka, en hlífa engum, er fyrir honum vill standa);

standa hjá e-m, to stand by one, assist one;

standa í e-u, to be engaged in, busied with (standa í bardögum, einvígum, málum, kvánbœnum);

impers., stendr í deilu með þeim, there is a quarrel between them;

standa með blóma, to be in a flourishing condition;

standa móti (á móti, í móti) e-u, to stand against;

standa saman, to stand together, be gathered, amassed (þar stóð auðr mikill saman);

standa til e-s, to tend towards;

standa til umbótar, to stand for mending, need it;

sem bœn yður stendr til, as your prayer tends to;

eptir þeim efnum, sem honum þœtti til standa, according to the merits of the case;

eptir því sem lög stóðu til, as the law was (taka þeir allir við bótum, sem lög stóðu til);

impers., stendr til e-s, it is to be expected, feared (til langra meina mun standa, ef);

standa e-m til e-s, to assist, help one (B. segir, hversu Ó. hafði honum til staðit);

standa undan, to be lacking (mikit stendr undan við hann í vinfenginu);

standa vel undir e-t, to support well, back it up well (munu margir vel undir þat standa);

standa undir e-m, to be in one’s possession, keeping (féit stendr undir honum);

standa upp, to stand up from a seat (þá stóð S. upp ok mælti hátt); to rise from bed (standa upp ok klæðast); to be left standing (fimm einir menn stóðu upp á skipinu);

standa uppi, to be left standing (K. hinn auðgi flýði ok allt lið hans, þat er uppi stóð; hús þau, er uppi stóðu);

to be laid up ashore, of a ship (stigu þeir á skip þat, er þar hafði uppi staðit um vetrinn);

of a corpse, to lie on the bier (lík Kjartans stóð uppi í viku í Hjarðarholti);

of a bow, to be kept bent (boginn má eigi einart uppi standa);

standa við e-u, to withstand (víkingar svá harðfengir, at ekki stendr við);

impers., stendr við e-t, it is on the verge of (þeir áttu svá harða leika, at við meiðingar stóð);

standa yfir e-u, to be present at (heldr vildi hann þenna kjósa en standa yfir drápi Þorgils frænda síns); to extend (þar er þeira ríki stendr yfir);

standa yfir, to stand over, last (hversu lengi skal fjárbón sjá yfir standa?);

í þessum griðum ok svardögum, sem yfir standa, which now stand, are in force;

16) refl., standast.

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pres. stend, stendr, stöndum, standit, standa; pret. stóð, stótt, stóttú (mod. stóðst, stóðstú), stóð, pl. stóðum; subj. stæði; imperat. statt, stattú (cp. stand-þú); part. staðinn; pret. infin. stóðu = stelisse, Fms. vi. (in a verse); a medial form, pres. stöndumk (= stat mihi), Fm. 1. Kormak; pret. stóðumk (= stabant mihi), Hm. 106: with neg. suff. stóð-k-at, Fas. iii. 22 (in a verse). [Common to all Indo-Germ. languages.]

A. To stand; þó at hann gangi eðr standi áðr, Grág. ii. 95; hann stóð við vegginn, … stóð á víxl fótunum, Sturl. ii. 158; standa höllum fæti, Nj. 97; koma standandi niðr, to come down standing (after a leap), 85, Grág. ii. 110; skal mik niðr setja standanda, in a standing position, Ld. 54; munkr er eigi mátti standa á bænum ok reikaði, Greg. 62; standa á götu e-s, Nj. 109; standa fast, to stand fast, 92; standa frammi, to stand, be on one’s feet, Fms. vii. 85; s. fyrir dómstóli keisarans, 656 C. 19; s. fyrir manni, to stand before a man, so as to screen him, Grág. ii. 12. 115, Eg. 357: s. hjá, to stand by, metaph. to assist, Fas. ii. 501: standa nær e-m, to stand near one, metaph. to back, Nj. 76; nær standa vinir Gunnars, 88.

2. to stay; Egill stóð meðan ok beið þeirra, Eg. 483; statt ( stop) ok trú mér, 623. 17.

3. to stand, stick; stóðu spjót þeirra ofan frá þeim, Nj. 253; at hann standi fastr í fönninni, 84; skildinum, svá at fastr stóð í vellinum, 262; öxin stóð á hamri, i. e. went through to the back, and stuck there, 165; sveininum stóð fiskbein í hálsi, the bone stuck in his throat, Blas. 40; ef nökkurum stendr bein í hálsi, 655 ix. B. 2: absol., það stendr í e-m, it sticks in one’s throat.

4. to stand, remain; borð stóðu, stood, were not removed, Fms. vii. 144; skála þann sem enn stendr í dag, Þórð. 58 new Ed.; svá lengi sem heimrinn stendr, Rb. 64; skyli bú yðr standa ú-rænt, Nj. 208.

5. to stand, be seated, placed;í þeim dal stendr kirkja, Greg. 57; kirkja sú er stendr í Reykja-holti, D. I. i. 476; bær einn stóð skamt frá þeim, Eg. 230; ór þeim sal er und þolli stendr … ask veit ek standa, … stóð fyrir norðan salr, sal veit hón standa, Vsp.; Lissibón stendr á Spáni, Fms. vii. 80; Narbón stendr vid Jórsala-haf, x. 85; öll þau fylki er í hans biskups-ríki stóðu, vii. 300; Illugastaði ok Hrafnagil er standa í Laxárdal, Dipl. v. 17; standa á bók, reikningi, skrá …, [Germ. es steht geschrieben], ii. 12, 13, Bs. i, passim. II. with prepp.; standa á e-u, to stand on, insist on, persevere in; statt eigi á því er þér er bannat, Mirm.; s. á illu ráði, id.; s. á hendi e-m, Nj. 88, Grág. i. 121 (see hönd); mest mundi á fyrir-mönnum standa, Nj. 106: to stand upon, s. á lögum, Js. 41; s. á rétti sínum, … standa á dómi e-s, to stand by, abide by:—s. gegn, á móti, to withstand, Hom. 7, Fms. ii. 36, 225, x. 401:—s. af e-u, to give up, Dan. afstaae, Fb. i. 523:—s. at, to help (at-stoð); hvaðan Guðmundr stendr at, … hvaðan sem hann stendr at, Nj. 214; þeim er þaðan standa at, 193:—s. eptir, to remain, N. G. L. i. 335, Fms. ii. 231, vi. 248, Grág. ii. 301, Eg. 202, Rb. 116, Hom. 12, Stj. 422 (eptir-stöðvar = arrears):—s. fyrir, to stand before, to stand in the way of a thing, Ísl. ii. 262, Fms. vi. 61, Grág. i. 140; s. e-m fyrir þrifum, Fms. ii. 154; s. e-m fyrir gleði, vii. 162; s. e-m fyrir svefni, Gísl. (in a verse); s. e-m fyrir ljósi, to stand in the way of one’s light; láta e-t s. fyrir kaupi, Nj. 17; láta s. fyrir kviðburði, 87; ef afl hefir staðit fyrir kvið þeirra, Grág. i. 53; þat á eigi fyrir málum at s., 106; eiðr Vermundar stóð fyrir, Fbr. 22; járni á hann fyrir at standa, N. G. L. i. 342; s. fyrir með eineiði, 346:—s. í e-u, to be deeply engaged in; s. í bardögum, einvígum, málum, stórmælum, kvánbænum, etc., Eg. 486, Ld. 262, Nj. 53, 224, 227, Ísl. ii. 216; standa í ábirgð, Dipl. v. 24; s. í þjónustu, Mar.:—standa saman, to stand together, put together in one place; þar stóðu saman fé mikil, Eg. 318; stóð úmegð mörg saman, Ísl. ii. 198; þar stóð auðr mikill saman, Ld. 124: to consist, Hom. 2:—s. undir e-u, to be subject to; s. undir prófi, Dipl. i. 6; féit stendr undir honum, is in his keeping, Grág. i. 395: standa undir með e-m, to support, Sturl. i. 20; s. vel undir e-t, to support well, back, Nj. 215, Fms. vii. 125; jarl stóð vel undir hans mál, viii. 282; munu margir vel undir þat s., to back it up well, Ó. H. 52:—standa upp, to stand up from a seat, Nj. 3, Fms. i. 33, x. 401: to rise from bed, Nj. 69, Eg. 121; s. upp fyrir dag, 577; s. upp ok klæðask, Ld. 44; hann liggr sjúkr … þar er standi aldri upp, Nj. 80 (standa upp ór sótt); s. upp með e-m, to rise, join one, Sturl. ii. 203:—s. uppi, of a ship, to be laid up ashore (during the winter), Nj. 259, Ísl. ii. 273: of a corpse, to lie on the bier, Fms. ii. 257, Ám. 101: of a bow, to be kept bent, 623. 19: standa upp, to be standing, be left standing on one’s feet; færri standa upp enn fallnir eru, Fms. xi. 110; stóðu þá enn upp mjök margir á skeiðinni, many still stood up (not dead or wounded), 142; flýði allt lið er upp stóð, Eg. 33; fimm einir menn stóðu upp á skipinu, Orkn. 356 old Ed., (new Ed. 414 l. c. leaves out ‘upp’); meðan ek má upp standa ok vápnum valda, Ld. 170: standa uppi, id., Fms, viii. 139, Hkr. i. 210:—standa við e-u, to withstand, Grág. i. 1, 336 (við-staða); svá harðfengir at ekki stendr við, Nj. 271; svá mikit troll at ekki stendr við honum, Bárð. 177; þeir skutu svá hart, at ekki stóðu við hlífarnar, Fms. i. 173: to stand against, stop, hann stóð við litla stund (við-staða, a pause, halt):—standa yfir, svá lengi sem þingboð stæði yfir, lasted, Fms. ii. 216: hversu lengi skal fjárbón sjá yfir standa? Nj. 141; í þessum griðum ok svardögum sem yfir standa, which now stand, are in force, Fms. xi. 365; þar er þeirra ríki stendr yfir, extends, Eg. 344.

B. Metaph. usage, to stand still, rest, pause; verðr hér fyrst at standa sagan, the story must stop here, Fms. vi. 56: nú skal hér standa um athæfi Varbelgja, ix. 473; skulu sóknir standa, meðan leiðangr er úti, Gþl. 486; útlegðar-sakir skulu eigi standa um várþing, Grág. i. 103; skyldi málit standa um nóttina til rannsaks, Fms. ix. 414; skal þá standa leigan í hross-verðinu, Grág. i. 434; stóð þá kyrrt nokkura hrið, Fms. xi. 397; at svá búit stæði, Nj. 139; eigi mátti svá búit s., Fms. ii. 9; standa með blóma; stendr búit með miklum blóma, Band. 2.

2. to last; Guðs ríki stendr ei ok ei, Hom. 160; ok standa eina þrjá vetr, Sks. 323; þá sjau daga sem veizlan stóð, Stj.; en er þrjár nætr hafði veizlan staðit, Landn. 117; hafði lengi staðit bardaginn, Odd. 18; er deildir várar s. lengr, Eg. 738; stóð mikil deila milli þeirra langa hríð, Fms. x. 169; stóð þetta heimboð nokkut skeið, Nj. 81; meðan erfit stóð, Eb. ch. 54; stóð hennar hagr með þeim hætti, Bs. ii. 166:—to be valid, skal þetta testamentum s. ok haldask, Dipl. iv. 8; ok standa enn þau lög, Ver. 52; um tólf mánaðr stendr þeirra mál, Grág. i. 143; skal þat allt s. ok satt vera, 655 xxvii. 28; hans tala skal s. á fé sjálfs hans, K. Þ. K. 146; má þat eigi s. né fyrir satt halda, Stj. 31; hann mun láta s. boð þessi (stand by it), Nj. 77; þrjú kúgildi þau er standa með jörðunni, Dipl. iii. 8; ekki á Bjarkeyjar-réttr á því máli at standa, this case does not fall under the town jurisdiction, Fms. vii. 130; stendr þat mál ( it extends) um þrjá fjórðunga, Grág. i. 464.

3. to befit, become; konungr kvað þat ekki standa, at menn lægi svá, Fms. x. 157; berr þat eigi né stendr þvílíkum, Stj. 132; hví stalt þú guðum mínum, ekki stendr þér slíkt, 181.

4. phrases, nú stóð í stilli, see stilli; var þat boð með svá miklu kappi, at stóð í stönginni (cp. Dan. saa at det stod efter), Fms. xi. 424; standa í háska, Mar.

5. sem inn átti dagr Jóla standi á Dróttins degi, Rb. 128; en á þeim degi stóð Ólafs messu-aptann, Hom. 111.

II. of direction, to stand in a certain way, project, trend; fjögur horn ok stóðu fagrt, hit þriðja stóð í lopt upp, hit fjórða stóð ór enni, ok niðr fyrir augu honum, Ld. 120; geitar-horn stendr ór höfði henni, Fms. vii. 156; vápn stóðu á Birkibeini svá þykt at varla mátti hann falla, 325; gákk af bryggjunni eðr spjotið stendr á þér, 144; ella hefði spjótið staðit gegnum hann, Nj. 246; blóðbogi stóð ór hváru-tveggja eyranu, 210, Fms. vi. 419; boginn stóð inn um ræfrit, Eg. 239; kallar hann betr standa veðrit, at fara landhallt, the wind stands better for making land, Fms. x. 347; sunnan-vindr hvass ok stóð at virkinu, xi. 34; stóð gnæðingr með fjöllum, Bárð. 171; af íllsku ok úþef þeim er af stóð, Fms. iii. 128; stóð vindr af landi, Vigl. 79 new Ed.; stendr inn straumrinn, Bs. ii. 143: stóð stropinn um kyrtilinn, Clar.; standa grunnt, to be shallow; vinátta okkur stendr grunnt, Eg. 520; stóð hón alla vega jörð, touched the earth. Art.; stafir stórir ok stóðu grunn í ánni, Fb. ii. 19; örkin stóð grunn, stuck to the ground, Stj. 50, Gþl. 460, Grág. ii. 358; þrjár rætr standa; á þrjá vega undir aski Yggdrasils, Gm.; augu yður standa lengra fram, Sturl. iii. 129; finnr konungr at mikit stendr undan við hann í vinfenginu al hendi Sigvalda, Fms. xi. 106; heilræðit stóð á þenna sama sendiboða, referred to him, 433; hvaðan Guðmundr inn ríki stendr, on which side he stands, with whom he sides, Nj. 214.

2. to proceed from, be caused by; eigi standa þin orð af litlu fári, Fas. i. 195; stóð lítil stjórn af honum, Fms. xi. 223; þótti af honum minni ógn standa, Eg. 268; e-m stendr mein, úhapp, útili, íllt, gagn, hjálp … af e-m, 175; guðin rökðu til spádóma at af systkinum þessum mundi þeim mikil mein ok úhapp standa, Edda 18, Nj. 65, Barl. 39; eigi mun svá mikit íllt af þér standa, Nj. 368; opt stendr íllt af kvenna hjali. Gísl. 15: yðr munn vandræði af standa, Nj. 175.

3. standa til, to tend towards; nú stóð áðr til svá mikils váða, at …, Fms. vii. 144; þá stendr þó til meira geigs, xi. 275; standa til umbótar, to stand for mending, need it, Fb. ii. 234; flest frumsmíð stendr til bóta, needs mending; standa til mikils kostnaðar, D. N. ii. 18; sem bæn yður stendr til, tends to, Nj. 192; hvárt honum standi hugr til nökkurrar konu, Ísl. ii. 285; engi ván eða verðleikr stendr til at fáisk, Al. 91; sem bæn yður stendr til, Nj. 192; eptir þeim efnum sem honum þætti til standa, according to the merits of the case, Fms. vii. 60; eptir þvi sem lög stódu til, as the law stood, Nj. 146, Ld. 28; frekari álög en forn lög stæði til, Fms. xi. 224; latari enn líkendi stæði til, 256; fremr enn ritningar stóðu til, tended towards, i. e. warranted, Mar.; líta á mál hans eptir þeim efnum sem honum þætti til standa, as the merits were, Fms. vii. 60; eptir því sem lög stóðu til, Nj. 146, Ld. 28; standa til váða ok auðnar, Fms. x. 271.

III. to catch, overtake; hann drap menn Eiríks konungs hvar sem hann stóð þá, Hkr. i. 91; var hverr drepinn þar er staðinn varð, 107; lét hann ræna hvar sem hann stóð þá, Fms. vii. 181; hörmuðu bæði at þau máttu eigi fá staðit hann, Hom. 120; ef hann er með vátta inni staðinn, Grág. ii. 18; ef maðr tekr fé manns ok vinnr þjófskap at, enda standi hinn hann (acc.) at þvi er fé þat á, svá at handnumit verðr, ok …, 136; hinum er þýfð var í höndum staðin, id.; nú stendr maðr fé sitt þjófstolit í hendi öðrum manni, Gþl. 537.

2. to stand, i. e. to endure or bear; hverr sem fyrir-smár dómarann, ok vill eigi dóm standa, N. G. L. i. 452: to discharge, skal dæma landit þeim manni er varðveizlu stendr, to the man who stands as guardian, Grág. ii. 251; sá er vitna þarf skal standa þeim kost allan, Jb. 358.

3. to press, urge, trouble; ef ofviðri stendr mann, N. G. L. i. 349; Alfhildi stóð sótt, Hkr. ii. 199, Stj. 425; mun þik nú hræðsla standa, Fas. iii. 429; elli stóð Hárek, Ísl. ii. 482; hver fjölskylda sem þik stendr, Fms, xi. 429; segja máttu hvat þik stendr, what urges thee. Mar.; ok vænti af þér mests trausts, því heldr sem mik stendr meirr, Fms. iii. 70; standa mik svá stórar þröngslir, at …, Stj. 495; hvat stendr þik, what ails thee? Grett. 75 new Ed.; hvat stendr þik, Bergr, sagði biskup, Bs. i. 807; því at eins at þeim (þá?) standi ofviðri, N. G. L. i. 371.

4. to be of weight, value; skal hann eigi standa tómr meirr enn átta merkr, Gþl. 524; gullhringr stendr sex aura, mörk, Fms. ii. 246, xi. 204; strútrinn stóð tíu merkr, 77; vættir þær er hver þeirra standi hálfa níundu mörk, Gþl. 523.

C. Reflex. to stand right, be able to stand; steðjaði hann upp yfir törguna ok stóðsk þó, Nj. 144; þar mundir þú eigi hafa staðizk fylgjur þeirra Þorvarðs, Lv. 104; hann druknaði, því hann stóðsk ekki fjölkyngi Ragnars, Bárð. 181.

2. standask e-t, standask áhlaup, Sks. 411; höggum standask fáir, Sks. 411 B; fáir stóðusk honum, þótt fræknir væri, Grett. 87 A; gull stendsk elding, Grág. i. 501; þetta éi var með svá miklum býsnum, at ekki máttu sumir menn betr enn fá staðizk, Fms, xi. 136; var við sjálft at ek mætta eigi standask, x. 331; stóðsk hann eigi ok dó, 623. 33; hví lét Guð þeira freista, þar er hann sá at þau máttu eigi standask, Eluc. 28; at þér standisk jafnvel ef þér sjáit frændr yðra svívirða, Fms. v. 270.

3. to stand, bear, tolerate; hann skekr at honum sverðit, þetta fá þeir eigi staðizk ok hlaupa, Ísl. ii. 364; Kári stóðsk þetta eigi, Nj. 270; Björn stóðsk eigi ámælis-orð Sigmundar, Valla L. 218; standask frýju-orð, Fær. 196.

4. standask við e-m, to stand, be able to withstand; Heiðrekr vá með Tyrfingi ok stóðsk ekki við honum, Fas. i. 526; engi hlutr var svá sterkr at standask mætti fyrir honum. Edda.

5. to be valid; skulut mál hans standask um þá sök, Grág. i. 64; á þeirra dómr at standask, 80; eigu jammikit þeira orð at standask, sem annarra lögréttu-manna, 10; ef þú kemr til konungsins, ok megi þín orð nokkut standask, Fms. xi. 193; hennar orð stóðusk svá mikit, at …, Fas. i. 208; um þat vilda ek at mín at kvæði stæðisk, at …, Eb. 98.

6. of direction, to proceed from; standask af e-m, af henni mun standask allt it ílla, Nj. 49; svá stenzk af um ferð mína, the matter stands so as to my journey; Ólafr sagði jarli hversu af stóðsk um ferð hans, Ld. 112 (hversu af stóð, 340); ekki sagði Kjartan föður sínum hversu af stóðsk um ferð þessa, 208; Gautr segir honum geiniliga allt hversu af stóðsk inn ferðir hans, Fms. iii. 57; svá stendsk af um ferðir mínar, at ek má hér ekki dvelja lengr, vi. 350; eigi veit ek hvernig af stenzk (stennz) um för þína, hvárt þú ferr nökkut í konungs leyfi, Ó. H. 143.

7. a middle form; yfir ok undir stóðumk jötna vegir, the ‘giant-ways’ ( rocks) stood above and below, Hm.; stöndumk hjörr til hjarta, the sword touches me to the heart, Fm. 1.

II. recipr. to stand opposite one another in the same line: to meet, of ends; þat stóðsk á, nesit þvert ok fylking þeirra, Ísl. ii. 326; stóðsk þat á, at Jólin þraut ok lokit var sögunni. Fms. vi. 356; vígin Áskels ok Steingríms skyldi á standask, Rd. 281; stóðsk þat á endum ok ostkistan, Nj. 76; stóðsk þat á endum ok þat er Gunnarr; átti at gjalda, 111; létu þeir þat á endum standask, 120; standask á mót; sandmelr sá er á stendzk ok Seftjörn, Gísl. 23; bær hans stóðsk á ok konungs atsetr, Fas. ii. 63: bíða þess at á stæðisk misganga straumanna ok austan-veðr, Orkn. 266: stendzk heldr í móti með þeim hjónum, they were rather at sixes and sevens, did not agree well, Bjarn. 21: hendingar standask sem næst, to stand as close to one another as possible, Edda (Ht.); tungl þau er næst standask, nearest to one another, Rb. 34, 1812. 56.

III. staðinn = staddr, steadfast, placed, abiding; hvar sem maðr er staðinn, N. G. L. i. 163; vildi hann nú til staðins vita ( knew for certain) hver svör jarl vildi gefa, Vígl. 18.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > STANDA
84 TREGA

I)

(pres. tregr, pret. tregði), irreg. v. to grieve; fjöld er þat, er fira tregr, many are the woes of man; hví tregr-at ykkr teiti at mæla, how can ye bear to speak words of cheer?.

II)

(að), v. to grieve (marga menn tregaði mjök andlát porláks biskups); to bring grief upon (munaðar-ríki hefir margan tregat).

* * *

irreg. verb, pres. tregr, pret. tregði, part. tregað, with suffixed neg. tregr-að, Gh. 2: part. tregnar, Hðm. 1. The mod. form is trega, að, which, though but rarely, occurs in vellums, e. g. tregaði, Bs. i. 301, in a vellum of the earlier part of the 14th century; [A. S. tregjan]:—to grieve, used impers.; fjölð er þat er fíra tregr, many are the woes of man, Sdm. 30; tregr mik þat, Gkv. 3. 2; hví tregrað ykkr teiti at mæla, how can ye be glad? Gh. 2; (hana) tregði för friðils, Vkv. 27; þat mál er mik meirr tregi, 35; alla menn tregr fall grams, the king’s death grieves all men, Hkr. i. (in a verse); tregnar iðir, dismal thoughts (?), Hðm. 1; marga menn tregaði mjök andlát Þorláks biskups, many were grieved over Th.’s death, Bs. i. 301; munaðar-ríki hefir margan tregað, brought many to grieve, Sól. 10.

2. in mod. usage, person., hann (nom.) tregaði, he wailed.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > TREGA
85 VINNA

work

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I)

(vinn; vann, unnum, unninn), v.

1) to work, labour, do work (Ásmundr vildi lítit vinna);

vinna á akri ok plœgja, to work in the field and plough;

2) to work, till, cultivate (vinna akr, jörðina);

3) to work, perform, do;

vinna verk sin, to do one’s work;

þat verðr hverr at vinna, er ætlat er, every one must do the work that is set before him;

þér hafið mikit stórvirki unnit, ye have done a great deed;

vinna eið, sœri, to take an oath;

vinna bœtr á e-u, to redress;

vinna e-m beinleika, beina, to show hospitality to one;

vinna e-m geig, bana, to work harm, death, to one;

vinna e-m úsœmd, to bring shame, disgrace on one;

vinna e-m bót (illt), to do one good (harm);

vinna e-m hefnd, to take revenge on;

4) vinna e-m, to wait upon, attend to, tend (Höskuldr bað hana vinna þeim hjónum);

5) to win, gain;

vinna orrustu, sigr, to gain a battle, victory;

vinna sigr á e-m, to obtain a victory over, defeat, one;

6) to win, conquer (vinna land, borgir, skip);

vinna e-t aptr, to recover by conquest, reconquer (vinna aptr þat ríki, er látit er);

7) to overcome, master, get the better of (þeir ætla, at þeim muni illa sœkjast at vinna oss);

8) to avail (veit ek eigi, hvat þat vinnr);

e-t vinnr e-m þörf, it suffices, is sufficient for one (þörf vinnr hverjum presti at segja eina messu);

vinna e-m at fullu, to be quite sufficient for one, do away with, kill (tók hann sótt þá, er honum vann at fullu);

9) to withstand, with dat., = vinna við e-u;

sköpum viðr (= vinnr) manngi, no man can withstand his fate;

10) followed by an a. or pp., to make (vinna e-n sáran, reiðan, barðan, felldan);

vann hann yfirkominn Harald, he succeeded in vanquishing H.;

vinna hefnt, to take revenge;

vinna annat, to prove;

11) to reach (smíðuðu einn stöpul, þann er þeir ætluðu at vinna skyldi til himins);

12) with preps., vinna at e-u, to be busy with (vinna at heyi);

vinna at svínum, sauðfé, to tend swine, sheep;

fá ekki at unnit, to effect nothing (ekki munu þér fá at unnit svá búit);

vinna at e-m, to do away with, kill (þat var markat á tjaldinu, at Sigurðr vann at Fáfni);

vinna e-t á, to do, effect (höfum vér mikit á unnit í várri ferð);

vinna á e-m, to do one bodily injury, = vinna áverka á e-m (með þann hug at vinna á Gunnari);

vinna e-t til e-s, to do one thing in order to obtain or effect another (vildi hann vinna þat til sættar með þeim brœðrum);

þat vil ek til vinna, that I am ready to do;

vinna til e-s, to make oneself worthy of, deserve (vinna til dauða);

vinna til fjár ok frægðar, to act so as to gain money and fame;

vinna við e-u, to withstand (mátti hann ok eigi við sköpum vinna né sínu aldrlagi);

vinna e-n yfir, to overcome;

13) refl., vinnast, to last, suffice;

meðan dagrinn vannst, as long as the day lasted;

Illugi elti hann meðan eyin vannst, to the end of the island;

festrin vannst eigi til jarðar, the rope was not long enough to touch the ground;

þar sátu konur úti frá sem vannst, as there was room;

ek vinnst eigi til þér at launa, I am unable to reward thee;

ekki unnust þau mjök fyrir, they did little to support themselves;

recipr., vinnast á, to wound one another.

II)

f. work, labour;

vera at vinnu, to be at work.

* * *

pres. vinn, vinnr, older viðr, Gkv. 2. 30, Fms. vii. 239 (in a verse), Edda i. 492, Am. 45, Ad. 21, etc.; pret. vann, vannt (mod. vanst), vann; pl. unnu; subj. ynni; imperat. vinn; part. unninn (vunnu, vynni, vunninn): with suffixed pers. pron. vinn’k, Hm. 158; vann’k, Bkv. 2. 26: pres. reflex. vinnz, Grág. (Kb.) i. 3, 85, 86: pret. vannz, Stj. 131, and passim: with suffixed neg. vant-attu, thou workedest not, Hkv. 2. 20; plur. vinna-t, 2. 21; [Ulf. winnan = πάσχειν, ὀδυνασθαι; A. S., O. H. G., and Hel. winnan; Engl. win; Dan. vinde; Swed. vinna.]

A. To work, labour, of any household work, as also in a wider sense; fasta ok vinna til nóns, Dipl. ii. 14; hann var félauss ok vann til matar sér, worked for his food, 656 C. 24; þessi er svá röskliga vann, worked so well, Nj. 270; þat verðr hverr at vinna sem ætlað er, 10; vinna hvárt er vill, to do whichever he will, Grág. (Kb.) i. 99; eiga sem mest at vinna, to be very busy, Nj. 97; Ásmuudr vildi lítið vinna, would not work, Grett. 90; þrællinn vann allt þat er hann vildi … at honum þætti þrællinn lítið vinna, Nj. 73; hvat er þér hentast at vinna (?), 54; vinna verk sín, to do one’s work, Eg. 759; vinna e-m beinleika, beina, reiðu, to do one service, attend on him as a guest, Fs. 52, MS. 623. 52, 54: ellipt., vinna e-m, to wait upon, tend; bað hana vinna þeim hjónum, Ld. 34.

2. to work, till, cultivate; þeim manni er jörðina vinnr ok erviðar, Stj. 30; vinnit hana (the earth) ok plægit, 187.

II. to work, perform; nú hefir þú þat unnit er þú munt eigi með feðr mínum lengr vera, Nj. 129; vinna e-m geig, bana, to work harm, death to, 253, Fbr. (in a verse), Korm. 116; v. e-m úsæmd, Fs. 32; vinna e-m bót, to do good; er mörgum manni vann bót þeim er aðrar mein-vættir görðu mein, Landn. 211, Hkr. iii. 69; vinna bætr á e-u, to redress. Eg. 519; vinna e-m hefnd, to take revenge on: of feats, prowess, deeds, hvat vanntú meðan (?), Hbl.; keisari vann þar mikinn hernað, Fms. xi. 301; herja ok vinna margs kyns frægðar-verk, … af stórverkjum þeim er hann vann, x. 231, 232.

2. to win, gain; vann hann aptr borgir ok kastala, Fms. x. 231; vita ef ek mega aptr vinna þat ríki er látið er, id.; hann viðr sér frama, Fas. ii. 472; vinna mikla sæmd, Fms. i. 96; vinna land, kastala = expugnare, i. 23, vii. 79, x. 414; vinna undir sik allan Noreg, i. 4, 87; vinna orrostu, to gain a battle, vii. 123; vinna sigr, to gain a victory, i. 85, x. 231, passim; er vunninn var Ormrinn langi, iii. 29.

3. to conquer, vanquish; er hann vann konung svá ágætan, Fas. i. 34; vinnr Sigmundr hann skjótt, Fær. 82; at Egill ynni flesta menn í leikum, Eg. 191.

4. to avail; veit ek eigi hvat þat vinnr, Fms. vii. 160; margir lögðu gott til ok vann þat ekki, Sturl. iii. 261; vinna e-m þörf, to suffice, be sufficient, do, Grág. i. 457, Orkn. 138; þörf vinnr hverjum presti at segja eina messu, H. E. i. 473; nægisk mér ok þörf vinnr, ef son minn Joseph lifir, Stj. 221; mætti þörf vinna lengi at ærnu lítið mjöl. Blas. 43; þá tók hann sótt þá er honum vann at fullu, Fms. xi. 2; galdrinn vann honum at fullu, i. 100.

5. special usages; vinna eið, særi …, to take an oath, Grág., Nj., passim; þeir unnu honum land ok trúnað, swore homage to him, Fms. x. 401.

6. to make, followed by an adjective or participle; hann vann væltan hann, Post. 645. 68; hrútr, er hann mátti eigi heimtan vinna, Grág. i. 419; með sínum vælræðum vann hann yfir kominn Harald, Fms. x. 257; ef goðinn viðr eigi dóm fullan áðr sól komi á þingvöll þá er hann útlagr, Grág. (Kb.) i. 50; ef hann viðr dóminn fullan, 80; ef hann viðr eigi heimilt, ii. 142: esp. in poët. phrases, vinna e-n felldan, barðan, sáran, reiðan, hræddan, to make fallen, i. e. to fell, etc.; as also, vinna brotið = to break; vinna hefnt, to take revenge; vinna svarat e-u, to respond to, Lex. Poët.; Paulus vann þat sannat, at …, Post. (Unger) 231.

III. with dat. to withstand (ellipt. for vinna við …?); sköpum viðr manngi, Am. 45; vinnat skjöldungar sköpum, Hkv. 2. 21; ek vætr honum vinna kunna’k, Vkv. 39; munat sköpum vinna, Skv. 1. 53; Korm. 104 (in a verse).

IV. to suffer, undergo; according to the Gothic this would be the original sense, but it only remains in such phrases as, vinna víl, vinna vás, Lex. Poët.; vinna eld, to suffer fire, Fms. viii. 9.

V. with prepp.; vinna at, to ‘win to’ a thing, effect; þeir fá ekki at unnit, Fms. vii. 270; drekinn vinnr síðan at honum, does away with him, Stj.; vinna at sauðfé, svínum, to tend sheep, swine, Dropl. 16, Rm. 12; vinna at segli, to manage, attend to the sail, Grett. 94 B:—vinna á, to make, effect; höfum vér mikit á unnit, Fms. xi. 264; þú munt mikit á vinna um þetta mál, Fas. i. 459: to do one bodily harm, kill, ef griðungr viðr á manni, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 188; ef fé viðr á fé, i. 192; maðr vinnr á manni, Nj. 100, Lv. 29; á-unnin verk, bodily injuries, Kb. i. 145; maðr á sín at hefna, ef vill, sá er á verðr unnit, 147:—vinna fyrir, ok var ekki fyrir unnit um sumarit, Þorf. Karl. 414; vinna fyrir sér; vinna fyrir mat sínum, to win one’s food; hann vinnr ekki fyrir mat sínum, he wins not his bread (mat-vinnungr):—þat vinn ek til eingis at svíkja þá er mér trúa, Band. 31 new Ed.; vildi hann vinna þat til sættar með þeim bræðrum, Fms. iv. 17; hann hirti ekki hvat hann vann til ef hann fengi þat, x. 7; þat vil ek til vinna, Nj. 170; mun ek heldr þat til vinna at giptask Þorbirni, Ld. 70; vilja gjarna nökkut við hann til vinna, Fær. 25; það er ekki til vinnandi, it is not worth the trouble; fé því er ek vann til, earned, Eg. 519:—vinna við e-u, to withstand; sköpum viðr manngi, mátti hann eigi við sköpum vinna né sínu aldrlagi, Fas. i. 199:—vinna e-n yfir (Dan. overvinde), to overcome, Fms. iii. 156, Finnb. 266.

B. Reflex., ekki unnusk þau mjök fyrir, they did little to support themselves, Ld. 146; láta fyrir vinnask, to forbear, desist from; þó skal enn eigi láta fyrir vinnask, Fms. vii. 116; Þorgeirr lét eigi fyrir vinnask um þetta mál, Rd. 296; lét prestrinn fyrir vinnask of umbræðuna þaðan frá, Bs. i. 341.

2. to last, suffice; alla þessa þrjá daga vannsk (vannz Ed.) þeirra vegr, Stj. 131; ríki Assyriorum vannsk ( lasted) um þúsund ára, 140; Illugi elti hann meðan eyin vannsk, to the end of the island, Grett. 172 new Ed.; meðan dagrinn vannsk, as long as the day lasted, till evening, Fas. iii. 4; festrin vannsk eigi til jarðar, the rope was not long enough to touch the ground, Fms. ix. 3: to reach, smíðuðu stöpul þann er vinna(sk) skyldi til himins, Edda (pref.); þar sátu konur úti frá sem vannsk, as there was room, Fms. x. 16; skyldi drekka saman karlmaðr ok kona svá sem til ynnisk, Eg. 247; meðan Jólin ynnisk, Hkr. i. 138 (vynnisk, Fms. 1. 32, l. c.); Ketill bað Eyvind svá vítt nema land at þeim ynnisk báðum til vel, Rd. 231; ef eigi vinnsk til (fé) til hvárs-tveggja, Grág. i. 288; fé þat skulu þeir hafa sem vinnsk, … ef fé vinnsk (vinnz Ed.) betr (Dan. slaae til), Grág. (Kb.) i. 85, 86; fé svá at vinnask mætti at ærnu þúsund manna, 623. 21; þess viðar er vinnask megi mál ok misseri, Hm. 59; ef hánum vinnsk (vinnz) eigi fróðleikr til þess, Grág. (Kb.) i. 209; vér trúum orku, afli ok sigr-sæli, ok vinnsk oss þat at gnógn, Ó. H. 202 (cp. ‘vinna þörf’ above); ek vinnumk eigi til þér at launa, I am unable to reward thee, Finnb. 238; ek vinnumk eigi at dýrka þitt nafn, Barl. 181.

II. recipr., vinnask á, to wound one another; þar er menn vinnask á, Grág.; þau vinnask á þann áverka, er …, Kb. ii. 40; vinnask á enum meirum sárum, K. Þ. K. 116.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > VINNA
86 VITA

know

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(veit, vissa, vitaðr), v.

1) to have sense, be conscious (hann var enn eigi ørendr, en vissi þó ekki);

with gen., gráðugr halr, nema geðs viti, unless he has his senses about him;

2) to know;

engi vissi skapara sinn, no one knew his maker;

þeir er vel mart vitu, those who know many things;

vita sik saklausan, to know oneself to be innocent;

veizt þú, hvat þér man verða at bana, dost thou know what will be the cause of thy death?;

vita skyn á e-m, to know one;

Flosi kvaðst eigi vita skyn á, hverir lögmenn væri beztir, F. said that he knew nothing about who were the best lawyers;

vita ván or vánir e-s, to expect, look for (G. vissi slíks matar þar ekki ván);

vita fram, to be prescient, know the future;

veit þat trúa min, upon my faith!;

3) to see, try to find out (bað þá vita, hvat af Gretti yrði);

vittu, ef þú hjálpir, see if thou canst help;

vit, at þá náir sverði því, try to get that sword;

4) to look, be turned towards;

vita upp, fram, aptr, to look (be turned) upwards, forwards, backwards;

vita móti sólu, at sjánum, to face the sun, the sea;

vita til norðrættar, to look north;

ormahöfuð öll vitu inn í húsit, all the heads of the serpents look into the hall;

with gen., þeir fundu vínvið allt þar sem holta vissi, they found the vine wherever there was woodland;

5) to come under a certain head;

sökin veit til lands-laga, en ekki til Bjarkeyjar-réttar, the case comes under the country-law, and not under the town-law;

6) to bode, betoken, with gen. (ekki vita slík orð lítils);

þat mun eigi øngra tíðinda vita, this betokens no small tidings;

7) to mean, have such and such bearing;

hvat veit óp þetta, what means this shouting?;

eigi veit þannig við, that is not the case;

seg mér hit sanna, hversu við veit, how things stand;

ok rœddu um þat, at nú mundi vel vita, that things were likely to take a good turn;

8) with preps.:

vita af e-u, to know of (ekki vissi á. af kaupi þeira);

vita e-t at sér, to know oneself to be guilty of;

vita e-t eptir sér = vita e-t at sér (vita eptir sér slíkan glœp);

vita e-t frá sér, to be conscious (sensible) of (ek var svá syfjaðr, at ek vissa fátt frá mér);

vita e-t fyrir, to know beforehand (ørlög sín viti engi maðr fyrir);

vita til e-s, vita til um e-t, to know of (ekki vissu landsmenn til um ferð Þórólfs);

vita ekki til sín, vita ekki til manna, to have lost consciousness, one’s senses;

recipr. to know of an another (þeir vissust jafnan til í hafinu);

vita um e-t, to make inquiries about (fara at vita um e-t);

to know about (eigi veit ek um gaman þetta);

vita e-t við e-n, to get to know a thing, from one (mun ek vita við skipverja mina, hvat þeim sýnist ráð).

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a verb whose present is in a preterite form, see Gramm. p. xxiii: pres. veit, veizt (veiztu), veit; plur. vitum, vituð, vitu, later and mod. vitið, vita; the latter form appears in vellums early in the 14th century, e. g. þér vitið, Fms. vi. 144, from the Hulda: pret. vissa, vissir, vissi (never visti, cp. Goth. wissa, mod. Dan. vidste): subj. pres. vita, pret. vissa; imperat. vit, vittú; part. vitaðr (vitinn, Hornklofi): with neg. suff. veit-at, knows not, Hm. 74; veit-k-a-ek, ‘wot I not I,’ Hkr. iii. 376; veizt-attu, Hbl. 4; vitum-a, we know not, Skv. 3. 18; vissi-t, knew not: [Ulf. witan = εἰδέναι, γιγνώσκειν; A. S. and Hel. witan; Engl. wit; Germ. wissen; Dan. vide; Swed. vita; Lat. videre; Gr. εἰδέναι.]

A. To wit, have sense, be conscious; hneig hón aptr ok vissi ekki til manna, Bjarn. 68; varð hann svá feginn at varla vissi hann, Flóv.; faðirinn vissi ekki lengi, svá þótti honum mikit, Bs. i. 369; hann þóttisk nær ekki vita fyrir hræzlu, Fms. vii. 142; hann var enn eigi örendr en vissi þó ekki, Fb. ii. 453; ek var svá syfjaðr at ek vissa fátt frá mér, Gísl. 6l; hestr laust einn ungan mann í höfuðit, ok sprakk mjök, ok vissi ekki, Bs. i. 314, l. c.; tók hann einn þeirra ok varðisk með, þar til er sá vissi ekki til sín, Fms. vi. 110; hann tók augna-verk strangan, ok vissi hann löngum hvárki í þenna heim né annan, Bs. i. 317; hann vissi lengi ekki hingat, 336; ok vissi þá ekki til sín löngum, 335; hvárt skal hjóna færa annat fram þat sem heldr hefir fé til, nema annat þeirra viti eigi vel ( unless he be not in the enjoyment of his full senses) en þegar er því batnar, Grág. i. 300: with gen., gráðigr halr nema geðs viti, Hm. 19 (see B. 3).

2. vita skyn á, to understand, know, Nj. 223, Grág. ii. 167, Fms. i. 186, xi. 323 (see skyn); vita ván e-s, to expect, Eg. 746, Fms. viii. 180, Nj. 75, Blas. 46.

II. to wit, know; vituð ér enn eða hvat, Vsp.; þeir er vel mart vitu, Hm. 53: ek veit, 76; vita sik saklausan, to know oneself to be sackless. Eg. 49; síðan skaltú vita þitt eyrendi, Finnb. 258; ef þeir vitu þetta eigi, Nj. 231; skaltú ok þat vita, at …, 88; lát sem þú vitir eigi, Ísl. ii. 250; þeir munu vitað hafa með Þráni, Nj. 136; ek veit allt með henni, El.; hitt veit ek eigi hvaðan þjófs-augu eru komin í ættir várar, Nj. 2; veit ek þann mann er þora man, 89; veizt þú hvat þér man verða at bana?—Veit ek, segir Njáll, 85; veitat hinn er vætki veit, Hm. 74.

2. with prepp.; vita fram (fram-viss); vissi hann vel fram sem Vanir aðrir, Þkv. 15: vita fyrir, to foreknow (for-vitri); vita örlög sín fyrir, Hm. passim; mundi hann þat vita fyrir er hann vissi dauða sinn, Nj. 98: vita til e-s, to know of. Fms. x. 337; ekki vissu landsmenn til um ferð Þórólfs. Eg. 78.

3. with the particle ‘at;’ þóttisk Þorkell vita at Grímr var þar, Dropl. 34; hana vissi at skíða-hlaði var við dyrr þær, 29; eigi munda ek vita at blóðrefillinn kæmi við mik í gær líttað, Fms. xi. 144: veitka ek nema þú þykkisk nú minn lávarðr, Hkr. iii. 376.

III. in exclamations; hvat veit ek hvárt menn munu aldri hætta lygi-sögum, Fb. i. 184; var þetta hans bani, sem vita mátti, i. e. of course, Stj. 541; hvat ek veit, hvárt ek mun, what know I! should I? …, as an interjection, Nj. 85; veiztu, ef þú vin átt, farðú at finna opt, Hm. 43; veit þat trúa mín, upon my faith! Edda; veit menn, mod. viti menn! see maðr B. 3; hvar viti menn ( whoever knew) slíku bellt við konungmann, Eg. 415; hvar viti áðr orta mærð með æðra hætti, Edda (Ht.)

IV. to see, try; má ek vita at ek fá af henni nökkurn vísdóm, Stj. 491; ek mun ríða ok hitta Óspak, ok vita at hanni vili sættask, Band. 5; ok vita at vér næðim Sokka víkingi, Fms. ii. 5; sá skal vita, er á strenginum heldr, hvárt hann skelfr, Fb. ii. 129; vil ek fara ok vita, at ek mega bjarga honum, 623. 16; vittu ef þú hjálpir, see if than canst help, Og. 5; vit at þú náir sverði því, Dropl. 28; fara heim ok vita hvers víss yrði, Nj. 114; vér skulum hlaupa at fylkingu þeirra, ok vita at vér komimk svá í gegnum, Fær. 81; skal yðr þat heimilt, ok vita at þit þroskizk hér, 45; sendi Sirpa bónda sinn at vita sér um brún-gras, to fetch for her (cp. vitja), Finnb. 258; ókunnugr ertú mér, ok vil ek vita við skipverja hvat þeim sýnisk ráð, Fbr. 62 new Ed.; ok bað hana vita af hón kenndi höfuðit, Bjarn. 68.

V. to look towards, of a place, = Lat. spectare ad, vergere in; in þat er vissi til norðr-ættar, Edda 22; sá armr er vissi at dikinu, Fms. vi. 406; ok lögðusk þaðan undir sem at veit bænum, viii. 377; bæði þat er aptr vissi ok fram, vii. 94; á þann bekk er vissi móti sólu, vi. 439; þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, viii. 115; rökðu þangat sporin sem klaufirnar höfðu vitað, Ó. H. 152; vissu þá grundvellir upp, en veggir í jörð niðr, Sks. 142 new Ed.; fætr vissu upp, Eg. 508; þar á eynni er vissi til Atleyjar, 222; þeir fundu vínvið allt þar sem holta vissi, they found the vine wherever there was woodland, Þorf. Karl. 420; en þróask, ef hann vissi til mikilleiks, if it shewed growth, Korm. 8; allt þat er honum þótti grjóts vita, þótti honum við gull glóa, Konr.

2. metaph. to come under that and that head, to respect, mean, have such and such bearing; sökin veit til lands-laga en ekki til Bjarkeyjar-réttar, this case comes under the country-law, and not under the town-law, Fms. vii. 130; eigi veit þannig við, that is not the case, Nj. 180; ef öðru-vísi veit við, Al. 106; seg mér et sanna, hversu við veit, how things stand, Fms. iii. 70; konungr svarar, at mál þat vissi allt annan veg við, Ó. H. 199; hvat veit hrygð þessi? Stj. 600; hvat veit óp þetta, what means this shouting? Fms. viii. 141; hvat vissi laga-frétt sú er Emundr spurði í gær? Ó. H. 87; skipan er hér á vorðin, ok veit ek eigi hvat þat veit, I know not what it means, cannot understand it, Fs. 6; þat man eigi öngra tíðenda vita, i. e. that will mean something great, Nj. 83; gör sem ek býð þér, ok kann vera, at þór viti vel, do as I bid thee, and may be, it will be well with thee, 655 xiii. B. 4; ok rædda um þat at nú mundi vel vita, Ísl. ii. 354; hræzlu (gen.) þat vissi, it savoured of fear, Am. 97; ekki vita slík orð lítils, Sd. 151; hlæra þú af því at þér góðs viti, it is for no good that thou laughest, Bkv. 2. 31; er lítils góðs vissi, Barl. 20: þá gleði er viti til meins, Hom. (St.); þat er til hans veit, what respects him, Orkn. 314; þat er til heiðins siðar veit, N. G. L. i. 383.

3. vita á, to forebode; brakar í klaufum, vind mun á vita, Mar. 1057 (cp. á-vitull); það veit á regn, storm, …, of weather marks.

B. Recipr. to know of one another; þeir vissusk jafnan til í hafinu, Landn. 56; ok vitask þeir við mála-munda þann sín á miðli, to know mutually, Grág. i. 469; better, ok vitusk þeir þat við mála-munda þann, Kb. i. 131.

2. pass.; skyldi aldrei annat vitask, to be known, Fas. i. 22.

3. part.; vitandi né valdandi þessa verks, Fms. ix. 412; margs vitandi, Vsp. 20, Edda 11; vitandi vits, Hm. 17, Fms. v. 258 (cp. A l); vitandi mann-vits, Edda 9; viss vitandi, intentionally, knowingly, jb. 309 A; visir vitendr, Grág. (Kb.) i. 243, ii. 57; visar vitendr, Grág. i. 228.

4. the past pret.; á morgun skal okkur saga vituð verða, to be known, proved, 655 xiii. B. 1; þat mátti eigi vitað verða, 625. 83; ef þetta er satt, þá er þat vitað (clear, manifest) at hón hefir eigi mær verit, Fms. x. 294; þat er vitað ( well known) at sjá. maðr er afbragð annarra manna, vi. 144; ok er þat vitað hver stóriðendi görðusk um hans mál, vii. 124; sá er þeim völlr of vitaðr, that field is marked out for them, Vþm. 18; valr vitinn Friggjar faðm-byggvi, allotted to Odin, Hornklofi.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > VITA
87 ÞVERRA

I)

(þverr; þvarr, þurrum; þorrinn), v. to wane, grow less, decrease (í þenna tíma þurru mjök vinsældirValdemars konungs).

II)

v. to make to decrease.

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pres. þverr; pret. þvarr, pl. þurru; subj. þyrri; part. þorrinn; with neg. suff. þyrrit, Sighvat: mod. weak þverra, að, pres. þverrar, Lil. 58, but the word is little used: [þurr and þverra are kindred words]:—prop. to be drained, ebb out, but only used

II. metaph. to wane, grow less, decrease; nema blóð þyrri, Þd.; þóat skúrir þyrrit, Sighvat; sorg frá ek eigi þyrri, Skáld H. 1. 23; lízt honum nú sem minna hafi þorrit enn í enu fyrra sinni, Edda 32; honum þurru lausa-fé, Ld. 210; þverrandi, opp. to vaxandi, Fms. v. 343; hvárt sem síðan vex eða þverr, Gþl. 260, Sks. 52, 54; Hrappr hafði skaplyndi it sama, en orkan þvarr, þvíat elli sótti á hann, Ld. 54; eigi þverr enn heimskan fyrir þér, Fms. ii. 156; ef fé hans þverr tíu tigum, K. Þ. K. 146, Rb. 132; en er þurru hlaup in mestu, Hkr. iii. 395; ek eldumk, en þverr kraptrinn í vásinu, Orkn. 464; þurru mjök vinsældir Valdimars konungs, Fms. x. 160; óx jafnan styrkr Daviðs en þvarr í hverri máttr ok afli sveitunga Saul, Stj. 498; eigi þrotna ok eigi þverra, 590; af hennar sökum þvarr ófriðr við Kristna menn, Ver. 44.

III. impers. with dat., þá þverr göngu hennar, of the sun, Rb. 100; sízt þvarr æfi (dat.) Magnúss, Fms. vi. (in a verse); mætti þverrar, Lil. 58.

IV. part., en hlust er þorrin, my ear is dried up, Eg. (in a verse); sigri þorrinn, victory-bereft, Rekst.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ÞVERRA
88 would

would [wʊd]

1. modal verb

   a.

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► When would is used to form the conditional, the French conditional is used.

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• he would do it if you asked him il le ferait si vous le lui demandiez

• I wouldn't worry, if I were you à ta place, je ne m'inquiéterais pas

• I thought you'd want to know j'ai pensé que vous aimeriez le savoir

• I wouldn't have a vase like that in my house je ne voudrais pas d'un vase comme cela chez moi !

• I would never marry in church jamais je ne me marierais à l'église

• to my surprise, he agreed -- I never thought he would à ma grande surprise, il a accepté -- je ne l'aurais jamais pensé

► would have

• he would have done it if you had asked him il l'aurait fait si vous le lui aviez demandé

• who would have thought it? qui l'aurait pensé ?

   b. (indicating willingness) I said I would do it j'ai dit que je le ferais

• I said I'd go, so I'm going j'ai dit que j'irais, alors j'y vais

• I said I'd go, so I went j'avais dit que j'irais, alors j'y suis allé

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► When if you would means if you were willing to, it is translated by the imperfect of vouloir.

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• if you would come with me, I'd go to see him si vous vouliez bien m'accompagner, j'irais le voir

• if you would just listen si vous vouliez bien écouter

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► When wouldn't refers to the past, it is translated by the perfect or imperfect of vouloir.

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• he wouldn't help me il n'a pas voulu m'aider

• the car wouldn't start la voiture ne voulait pas démarrer

► would you (in requests)

would you wait here please! attendez ici s'il vous plaît !

• would you close the window please voulez-vous fermer la fenêtre, s'il vous plaît► would you like ( = do you want)

would you like some tea? voulez-vous du thé ?

• would you like to go for a walk? est-ce que vous aimeriez faire une promenade ?

   c. (past) he would always read the paper before dinner il lisait toujours le journal avant le dîner

• 50 years ago the streets would be empty on Sundays il y a 50 ans, les rues étaient vides le dimanche

• I saw him come out of the shop -- when would this be? je l'ai vu sortir du magasin -- quand ?

   d. (inevitability) you would go and tell her! évidemment tu es allé le lui dire !

• it would have to rain! évidemment il fallait qu'il pleuve !

   e. (conjecture) it would have been about 8 o'clock when he came il devait être 8 heures à peu près quand il est venu

2. modifier

► would-be adjective

• would-be actor aspirant (e) acteur or actrice

* * *
[wʊd, wəd]
Note: When would is used with a verb in English to form the conditional tense, would + verb is translated by the present conditional of the appropriate verb in French and would have + verb by the past conditional of the appropriate verb: I would do it if I had time = je le ferais si j'avais le temps; I would have done it if I had had time = je l'aurais fait si j'avais eu le temps; he said he would fetch the car = il a dit qu'il irait chercher la voiture

For more examples, particular usages and all other uses of would see the entry below

modal auxiliary ( aussi 'd; nég wouldn't)

1) (in sequence of past tenses, in reported speech)

she said she wouldn't come — elle a dit qu'elle ne viendrait pas

we thought we would be late — nous avons pensé que nous serions en retard

I was sure you'd like it — j'étais sûr que ça te plairait

they promised that they'd come back — ils ont promis de revenir

he thought she would have forgotten — il pensait qu'elle aurait oublié

I wish he would shut the door! — il pourrait fermer la porte!

I wish you'd be quiet! — tu ne pourrais pas te taire!

2) ( in conditional statements)

it would be wonderful if they came — ce serait merveilleux s'ils venaient

if we'd left later we would have missed the train — si nous étions partis plus tard nous aurions raté le train

we wouldn't be happy anywhere else — nous ne serions heureux nulle part ailleurs

who would ever have believed it? — qui l'aurait cru?

you wouldn't have thought it possible! — on n'aurait jamais cru que c'était possible!

wouldn't it be nice if... — ce serait bien si...

it cost far less than I would have expected — ça a coûté beaucoup moins cher que je n'aurais pensé

3) ( expressing willingness to act)

do you know anyone who would do it? — est-ce que tu connais quelqu'un qui le ferait?

they couldn't find anyone who would take the job — ils n'arrivaient pas à trouver quelqu'un qui accepte le poste

she just wouldn't listen — elle ne voulait rien entendre

after that I wouldn't eat any canned food — après cela je ne voulais plus manger de conserves

he wouldn't do a thing to help — il n'a rien voulu faire pour aider

the police wouldn't give any further details — la police a refusé de donner plus de détails

they asked me to leave but I wouldn't — ils m'ont demandé de partir mais j'ai refusé

4) ( expressing inability to function)

the door wouldn't close — la porte ne voulait pas se fermer

5) (expressing desire, preference)

we would like to stay another night — nous aimerions rester une nuit de plus

we'd really love to see you — nous aimerions vraiment te voir

I would much rather travel alone — je préfèrerais nettement voyager seul

she would have preferred a puppy — elle aurait préféré un chiot

I wouldn't mind another slice of cake — je prendrais bien un autre morceau de gâteau

it's what he would have wanted — c'est ce qu'il aurait voulu

6) ( in polite requests or proposals)

would you like something to eat? — voudriez-vous quelque chose à manger?

would you like some more tea? — voulez-vous encore du thé?

would you help me set the table? — est-ce que tu pourrais m'aider à mettre la table?

switch off the radio, would you? — éteins la radio, tu veux bien?

would you like to go to a concert? — est-ce que tu aimerais aller à un concert?

would you give her the message? — est-ce que vous voulez bien lui transmettre le message?

would you mind not smoking please? — est-ce que ça vous ennuierait de ne pas fumer s'il vous plaît?

7) ( used to attenuate statements)

it would seem that he was right — il semblerait qu'il avait raison

so it would seem — c'est ce qu'il semble

you would think they'd be satisfied! — on aurait pu penser qu'ils seraient satisfaits!

I wouldn't say that — je ne dirais pas ça

I would have thought it was obvious — j'aurais pensé que c'était évident

I wouldn't know — je ne pourrais pas vous le dire

8) ( when giving advice)

I wouldn't do that if I were you — je ne ferais pas ça à ta place

I would check the timetable first — tu ferais bien de vérifier l'horaire d'abord

I'd give her a ring now — tu devrais lui téléphoner maintenant

wouldn't it be better to write? — est-ce que ce ne serait pas mieux d'écrire?

9) ( expressing exasperation)

‘he denies it’ - ‘well he would, wouldn't he?’ — ‘il le nie’ - ‘évidemment!’

of course you would contradict him! — bien sûr il a fallu que tu le contredises!

‘she put her foot in it (colloq)’ - ‘she would!’ — ‘elle a mis les pieds dans le plat (colloq)’ - ‘tu m'étonnes!’

10) ( expressing an assumption)

what time would that be? — c'était vers quelle heure?

I suppose it would have been about 3 pm — je pense qu'il était à peu près 15 h 00

let's see, that would be his youngest son — voyons, ça doit être son plus jeune fils

it would have been about five years ago — ça devait être il y a environ cinq ans

you'd never have guessed she was German — on n'aurait jamais cru qu'elle était allemande

11) (indicating habitual event or behaviour in past: used to)

she would sit for hours at the window — elle passait des heures assise à la fenêtre

English-French dictionary > would
89 μή

μή neg.

1 in principal cl.

a c. pres. or aor. impv.
μὴ κρύπτε κοινὸν σπέρμ O. 7.92

μὴ βαλέτω O. 8.55

μὴ νῦν λαλάγει τὰ τοιαῦτ O. 9.40

μὴ παρίει καλά P. 1.86

μὴ κάμνε λίαν δαπάναις P. 1.90

μή, φίλα ψυχά, βίον ἀθάνατον σπεῦδε P. 3.61

τῶ σε μὴ λαθέτω P. 5.23

τό γ' ἐν ξυνῷ πεποναμένον εὖ μὴ λόγον βλάπτων ἁλίοιο γέροντος κρυπτέτω P. 9.94

μὴ μάτευε Ζεὺς γενέσθαι I. 5.14

μὴ φθόνει κόμπον I. 5.24

ὁ δ' ἀθανάτων μὴ θρασσέτω φθόνος I. 7.39
μὴ νῦν νεκτα[ρ Παρθ. 2.. μὴ πρεσβυτέραν ἀριθμοῦ δίωκε, θυμέ, πρᾶξιν fr. 127. 3. ὦ τάν, μή με κερτόμ[ει fr. 215. 4. μὴ σιγᾷ βρεχέσθω fr. 240. add. μήτε, in emphasis,
μή νυν μήτ' ἀρετάν ποτε σιγάτω πατρῴαν μηδὲ τούσδ ὕμνους I. 2.43
cf. P. 4.99

b c. pres. or aor. opt., in wishes.
μὴ θράσσοι χρόνος ὄλβον ἐφέρπων O. 6.97

ὁ δ' ἐπαντέλλων χρόνος τοῦτο πράσσων μὴ κάμοι O. 8.29

μή με λίποι καθαρὸν φέγγος P. 9.90

μὴ φθονεραῖς ἐκ θεῶν μετατροπίαις ἐπικύρσαιεν P. 10.20

εἴη μή ποτέ μοι τοιοῦτον ἦθος N. 8.35

μή μοι κραναὰ νεμεσάσαι Δᾶλος I. 1.3

μή μοι μέγας ἕρπων κάμοι ἐξοπίσω χρόνος ἔμπεδος Pae. 2.26

c c. aor. subj., in prohibitions.
μὴ ματεύσῃ θεὸς γενέσθαι O. 5.24

μὴ δολωθῇς P. 1.92
ὤνασσ' Ἀλάθεια, μὴ πταίσῃς ἐμὰν σύνθεσιν fr. 205. 2.

d c. inf. pro impv. μὴ πρὸς ἅπαντας ἀναρρῆξαι τὸν ἀχρεῖον λόγον fr. 180. 1.

2 in subord. cl.,

a c. inf.
ἡμιθέοισιν πόθον ἔνδαιεν Ἥρα ναὸς Ἀργοῦς, μή τινα λειπόμενον μένειν P. 4.185

πέποιθα δὲ ξένον μή τιν' δαιδαλωσέμεν O. 1.103

αὐδάσομαι ἐνόρκιον λόγον τεκεῖν μή τιν' πόλιν φίλοις ἄνδρα μᾶλλον εὐεργέταν O. 2.93

ἐκέλευσεν ὅρκον μέγαν μὴ παρφάμεν O. 7.66

εὔχομαι μὴ θέμεν O. 8.86

παραγορεῖτο μή ποτε ταξιοῦσθαι O. 9.77

ἔλπομαι μὴ χαλκοπάρᾳον ἄκονθ' ὡσείτ ἀγῶνος βαλεῖν ἔξω P. 1.44

ταύτας δὲ μή ποτε τιμᾶς ἀμείρειν γονέων βίον P. 6.26

ἀπομνύω μὴ τέρμα προβαὶς ἄκονθ' ὥτε χαλκοπάρᾳον ὄρσαι θοὰν γλῶσσαν N. 7.71
ἀγαπατὰ δὲ καιροῦ μὴ πλαναθέντα πρὸς ἔργον ἕκαστον τῶν ἀρειόνων ἐρώ-
των ἐπικρατεῖν δύνασθαι N. 8.4

ἔστι δὲ τις λόγος ἀνθρώπων, τετελεσμένον ἐσλὸν μὴ χαμαὶ σιγᾷ καλύψαι N. 9.7

ἀξιωθείην κεν Ἄργει μὴ κρύπτειν φάος ὀμμάτων N. 10.40

χρή νιν εὑρόντεσσιν ἀγάνορα κόμπον μὴ φθονεραῖσι φέρειν γνώμαις I. 1.44
ἀλλοτρίοισιν μὴ προφαίνειν fr. 42. 1.
ὤμοσε γὰρ θεὸς μή μιν εὔφρον' ἐς οἶκον μήτ ἐπὶ γῆρας ἱξέμεν βίου Pae. 6.115
[ἐγγυάσομαι μή μιν μηδ ἀφίξεσθαι (codd.: μὴ μὲν Hartung: ὔμμιν de Jongh e Σ.) O. 11.17] with litotes,
ὀρθᾷ διακρίνειν φρενὶ μὴ παρὰ καιρὸν δυσπαλές O. 8.24

ἔστι δ' ἐοικὸς ὀρειᾶν γε Πελειάδων μὴ τηλόθεν Ὠαρίωνα νεῖσθαι N. 2.12
add. art.,
ἄγνωμον δὲ τὸ μὴ προμαθεῖν O. 8.60
cf. N. 5.14

b in protasis of conditional sentence.
εἰ δὲ μὴ ταχὺ λίποι O. 1.108

εἰ μὴ στάσις σ' ἄμερσε O. 12.16

εἰ μὴ θεὸς ἁγεμόνεσσι κυβερνατὴρ γένηται P. 4.274

εἰ γάρ τις ἐσλὰ πέπαται μὴ σὺν μακρῷ πόνῳ P. 8.73

εἰ μὴ φύλασσεν Ἀπόλλων Pae. 6.91

c in final cl.,

I
ὡς... κελεύθοις ἁπλόαις ζωᾶς ἐφαπτοίμαν, θανὼν ὡς παισὶ κλέος μὴ τὸ δύσφαμον προσάψω N. 8.37

II
ὅπως... ἐν φρασὶ πάξαιθ, ὅπως σφίσι μὴ κοίρανος ὀπίσω μόλοι N. 3.62

III
ὄφρα... ὄφρα μὴ ταμίᾳ Κυράνας ἀτελὴς γένοιτο μαντεύμασιν P. 5.62

IV where the conjunction is omitted c. opt.
ἔνεικεν Λοκρῷ, μὴ καθέλοι μιν αἰὼν O. 9.60

ὁμοῖα, Κρόνιδαι μάκαρες, διδοῖτ' μὴ φθινοπωρὶς ἀνέμων χειμερία κατὰ πνοὰ δαμαλίζοι χρόνον P. 5.120
c. subj. “λῦσον, ἄμμιν μή τι νεώτερον ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀναστάῃ κακόν” (W. Schulze: -στήσης, -στήσῃ codd., Σ.) P. 4.155
εἰμὶ δ' ἄσχολος ἀναθέμεν πᾶσαν μακραγορίαν μὴ κόρος ἐλθὼν κνίσῃ P. 8.32

d in rel. cl.

I c. ind.
ὅσσα δὲ μὴ πεφίληκε Ζεύς, ἀτύζονται P. 1.13

κωφὸς ἀνήρ τις, ὃς Ἡρακλεῖ στόμα μὴ περιβάλλει, μηδὲ P. 9.87
ὃς μὴ πόθῳ κυμαίνεται, ἐξ ἀδάμαντος ἢ σιδάρου κεχάλκευται fr. 123. 4.

II c. subj. ἀμνάμονες δὲ βροτοί, ὅ τι μὴ σοφίας
ἄωτον ἄκρον κλυταῖς ἐπέων ῥοαῖσιν ἐξίκηται ζυγέν I. 7.18
ἀλλ' ᾧτινι μὴ λιπότεκνος σφάλῃ πάμπαν οἶκος Παρθ. 1. 16.

3 c. part., adj.

a “ ἐχθίστοισι μὴ ψεύδεσιν καταμιάναις εἰπὲ γένναν” P. 4.99, cf. N. 8.4, 2a supra.

b where the phrase is equivalent to a general rel. cl., cf. 2d supra. τὸ δὲ μὴ Δὶ φίλτερον σιγῷμι πάμπαν fr. 81 ad
Δ. 2. ἀπειρομάχας ἐών κε φανείη λόγον ὁ μὴ συνιείς N. 4.31

c αἰδέομαι μέγα εἰπεῖν ἐν δίκᾳ τε μὴ κεκινδυνευμένον ( and which was perhaps unjustly undertaken: “μή... ut ad... subiectivum quod dicunt iudicium suum rem revocaret”, Boeckh) N. 5.14

4 fragg. ]μή μο[ι Πα. 7B. 7. ] μὴ φ[ P. Oxy. 1792, fr. 8.

Lexicon to Pindar > μή
90 δοκέω

δοκέω Il.7.192, [dialect] Att. [tense] impf. ἐδόκουν, [dialect] Ep.

A δοκέεσκον AP5.298
(Agath.): —[voice] Med., δοκέοντο Opp.C.4.296
: part. δοκεύμενος ib. 109: the [tense] fut. and other tenses are twofold:

1 [tense] fut. δόξω and [tense] aor. 1 ἔδοξα Pi.N.4.37, h.Merc. 208, etc.: [tense] pf. δέδοχα inferred from [tense] plpf. ἐδεδόχεσαν D.C.44.26
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐδόχθην Plb.21.10.8
, etc., ([etym.] κατ-) Antipho 2.2.2: [tense] pf. δέδογμαι Hdt.8.100
, etc.: [tense] plpf. ἐδέδοκτο Id.9.74
.

2 regul. forms (chiefly Trag., Com., and late Prose), [tense] fut. δοκήσω A.Pr. 388
, Ar.Nu. 562, etc. (once in Hdt., 4.74); [dialect] Dor. δοκησῶ or - ᾱσῶ Theoc.1.150
: [tense] aor. ἐδόκησα, [dialect] Ep. δόκ- Od.10.415
, Pi.O.13.56, A.Th. 1041, Ar.Ra. 1485, etc.: [tense] pf. δεδόκηκα A.Eu. 309
(lyr.):— [voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐδοκήθην E.Med. 1417
(anap.): [tense] pf. δεδόκημαι Pi.N.5.19
, E.Med. 763 (anap.), Ar.V. 726, also in Hdt.7.16.γ; but δεδοκημένος (q. v.) belongs to δέχομαι.

I expect (Iterat. of δέκομαι, cf. δέχομαι 11.3
): hence, think, suppose, imagine, (opp. φρονέω, S.Aj. 942 (lyr.), Pherecr.146.4):

1 c. acc. et inf., δοκέω νικησέμεν Ἕκτορα Il.7.192
; οὔ σε δοκέω πείθεσθαι Hdt.1.8
, cf. 11,27, al., Antipho 2.4.5, etc.: rarely with inf. omitted, δοκῶ.. οὐδὲν ῥῆμα.. κακὸν [εἶναι] S.El.61; τούτους τι δοκεῖτε [εἶναι] X. An.5.7.26; freq. in relating a dream or vision, τεκεῖν δράκοντ' ἔδοξεν she thought a serpent produced young, A.Ch. 527; ἐδόκουν αἰετὸν.. φέρειν methought an eagle was carrying, Ar.V.15; ὁρᾷς γὰρ οὐδὲν ὧν δοκεῖς σάφ' εἰδέναι E.Or. 259
: with inf. only, ἔδοξ' ἰδεῖν methought I saw, ib. 408; ἔδοξ' ἀκοῦσαι Pl.Prt. 315e
; ἔδοξ' ἐν ὕπνῳ.. οἰκεῖν ἐν Ἄργει E.IT44
(sts. also, as in signf. 11, ἐδοξάτην μοι δύο γυναῖκε.. μολεῖν A. Pers. 181
; ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ.. μέ τις ἐδόκει στεφανοῦν Alex.272.4
).

b think to do, purpose, ὅταν δ' ἀείδειν.. δοκῶ A.Ag.16
.

2 abs., have or form an opinion, περί τινος Hdt.9.65
; mostly in parenthetic phrases, ὡς δοκῶ Pl.Phdr. 264e
; δοκῶ alone, Hdt.9.65, Ar. Pax47, Pl.Prm. 126b; πῶς δοκεῖς; to call attention to something remarked, τοῦτον, πῶς δοκεῖς; καθύβρισεν E.Hipp. 446
, cf. Hec. 1160, Diph.96, etc.; πόσον δοκεῖς; Ar.Ec. 399
.

3 δοκῶ μοι I seem to myself, methinks, c. inf., ἐγώ μοι δοκέω κατανοέειν τοῦτο Hdt.2.93
, etc.; ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαί τινος X.Cyr.8.7.25
, cf. Oec.6.11; οὔ μοι δοκῶ I think not.., Pl.Tht. 158e; δοκῶ μοι parenthetic, Id.Thg. 121d.

b δοκῶ μοι I am determined, resolved, c. inf. [tense] pres., Ar.V. 177, etc.: c. inf. [tense] fut., Aeschin.3.53, etc.: c. inf. [tense] aor., dub. in Ar.Av. 671, etc.: rarely without μοι, think fit, σὺ δ' αὐτὸς ἤδη γνῶθι τίνα πέμπειν δοκεῖς A.Th. 650
.

4 seem, pretend, c. inf. (with or without neg.), ὁρέων μὲν οὐδέν, δοκέων δὲ [ὁρᾶν] dub. l. in Alcm.87; οὔτε ἔδοξε μαθέειν Hdt.1.10
; οὐδὲ γιγνώσκειν δοκῶν Pherecr.163
; τὰ μὲν ποιεῖν, τὰ δὲ δοκεῖν Arist.Pol. 1314a39
; ἤκουσά του λέγοντος, οὐ δοκῶν κλύειν E.Med.67
; πόσους δοκεῖς.. ὁρῶντας.. μὴ δοκεῖν ὁρᾶν; Id.Hipp. 462
, cf. Ar.Eq. 1146, X.HG4.5.6.

5 [voice] Pass., to be considered, δοκεῖσθαι οὕτω Pl.R. 612d
; τὰ νῦν δοκούμενα περί τινος the current opinions, ib. 490a.

6 [voice] Med., Opp.C.4.296; δοκεύμενος.. ἀλύξειν ib. 109.

II of an Object, seem, c. dat. pers. et inf. [tense] pres., δοκέεις δέ μοι οὐκ ἀπινύσσειν Od.5.342
; δόκησε δ' ἄρα σφίσι θυμὸς ὣς ἔμεν ὡς εἰ .. their heart seemed just as if.., felt as though.., 10.415: c. inf. [tense] fut., seem likely, δοκέει δέ μοι ὧδε λώϊον ἔσσεσθαι Il.6.338
: c. inf. [tense] aor. (never in Hom.), τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (sc. ποιῆσαι); A.Ag. 935; seem or be thought to have done, esp. of suspected persons, Th.2.21; to be convicted, ἂν ἁλῷ καὶ δοκῇ τοὔργον εἰργάσθαι D.23.71
.

2 abs., seem, as opp. to reality, τὸ δοκεῖν καὶ τὰν ἀλάθειαν βιᾶται Simon.76
; οὐ δοκεῖν ἄριστος ἀλλ' εἶναι θέλει A.Th. 592
, cf. Pl.Grg. 527b; in full, τὸ δοκεῖν εἶναι A.Ag. 788
(anap.).

3 seem good, be resolved on, εἰ δοκεῖ σοι ταῦτα ib. 944; τοιαῦτ' ἔδοξε τῷδε Καδμείων τέλει Id.Th. 1030
.

4 freq. impers., δοκεῖ μοι it seems to me, methinks, ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα Il.12.215
; ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ as I think, A.Th. 369, etc.; τὸ σοὶ δοκοῦν your opinion, Pl.R. 487d: freq. in inf. in parenth. clause, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκέειν to my thinking, Hdt.9.113; δοκέειν ἐμοί Id.1.172
; ἀλλ', ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, τάχ' εἴσει A.Pers. 246
, etc.; without μοι, X.An.4.5.1.

b it seems good to me, it is my pleasure, δοκεῖ ἡμῖν χρῆσθαι Th.4.118
, cf. A.Ag. 1350: freq. of a public resolution, τοῖσι Ἕλλησι δόξαι.. ἀπαιτέειν Hdt.1.3
, etc.; ἔδοξεν Ἀργείοισιν A.Supp. 605
, cf. Th. 1010; esp. in decrees and the like , ἔδοξε τῇ βουλῇ, τῷ δήμῳ, Ar.Th. 372, Th.4.118, cf. IG1.32, etc.; τὰ δόξαντα S.El.29
, D.3.14; παρὰ τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν Th.1.84
, etc.:—[voice] Pass., δέδοκται Hdt.4.68
; οὕτω δέδοκται; S.Ph. 1277
, etc.; εἰ ἐπαινῆσαι δεδόκηται Pi.N.5.19
; δεδόχθω τὸ ἄτοπον τοῦτο Pl.Lg. 799e
, etc.; τοῦτ' ἐστ' ἐμοὶ δεδογμένον E.Heracl.1
; δεδογμέν' [ἐστί].. τήνδε κατθανεῖν S.Ant. 576
, cf. OC 1431; τὰ δεδογμένα Hdt.3.76
; δεδόχθαι τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῷ δήμῳ IG22.1.12
, etc. c. acc. abs., δόξαν when it was decreed or resolved, δόξαν αὐτοῖς ὥστε διαναυμαχεῖν Th.8.79
; δόξαν δέ σφι (sc. λιπέσθαι) Hdt.2.148; δόξαν ἡμῖν ταῦτα Pl.Prt. 314c
, cf. X.An.4.1.13; ἰδίᾳ δοκῆσάν σοι τόδ' .. ; E. Supp. 129; also δεδογμένον αὐτοῖς Th.1.125
, etc.; but also δόξαντος τούτου X.HG1.1.36
; δόξαντα ταῦτα καὶ περανθέντα ib.3.2.19.

5 to be reputed, c. inf., Pi.O.13.56, P.6.40; ἄξιοι ὑμῖν δοκοῦντες Th.1.76
; δοκοῦντες εἶναί τι men who are held to be something, men of repute, Pl. Grg. 472a; τὸ δοκεῖν τινὲς εἶναι.. προσειληφότες D.21.213
; τὸ φρονεῖν ἐδόκει τις εἶναι περιττός Plu.Arist.1
; οἱ δοκοῦντες Heraclit.28
(dub.), E.Hec. 295; τὰ δοκοῦντα, opp. τὰ μηδὲν ὄντα, Id.Tr. 613; μετ' ἀρετῆς δοκούσης ἐς ἀλλήλους γίγνεσθαι Th.3.10
; to be an established, current opinion, Arist.APo. 76b24, al.; τὰ δοκοῦντα Id.Metaph. 1088a16
, al.:— [voice] Pass., οἱ δεδογμένοι ἀνδροφόνοι those who have been found guilty of homicide, D.23.28; also αἱ δοκούμεναι Πέρσαις τέχναι Polem.Call.60
. (The two senses of δοκέω are sts. contrasted, τὰ ἀεὶ δοκοῦντα.. τῷ δοκοῦντι εἶναι ἀληθῆ that which seems true is true to him who thinks it, Pl.Tht. 158e; τὸ δοκοῦν ἑκάστῳ τοῦτο καὶ εἶναι τῷ δοκοῦντι ib. 162c.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δοκέω
91 λέγω

λέγω =⟩ λέχω (A),

λέγω (A),

A lay, [tense] pres. erroneously inferred from λέξομαι, ἔλεκτο, etc.; v. λέχομαι.

------------------------------------

λέγω (B),

A pick up, etc.: tenses for signf. 1 and 11, [tense] fut. λέξω Od.24.224
: [tense] aor. ἔλεξα A.Pers. 292
:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. in pass. sense λέξομαι E. Alc. 322
: [tense] aor. ἐλεξάμην Il.21.27
(trans.); [dialect] Ep. ἐλέγμην Od.9.335
; λέκτο 4.451
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐλέχθην Il.3.188
: also post-Hom. in these senses, but only in compos., esp. with ἀπο-, ἐκ-, κατα-, συν-; post-Hom. [tense] pf. εἴλοχα (κατ-, συν-), [voice] Pass. εἴλεγμαι, in these senses rarely λέλεγμαι (v. the compds.); also [tense] fut. λεγήσομαι ( συλ-): [tense] aor. 2 ἐλέγην (κατ-, συν-):—gather, pick up, ὀστέα.. λέγωμεν Il.23.239
, cf. Od.24. 72, Pi.P.8.53; αἱμασιάς τε λέγων picking out stones for building walls, Od.18.359 (ubi v. Sch., cf. λογάς 2
), cf. 24.224:—[voice] Med., gather for oneself, ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ λέγεσθε Il.8.507
; ὀστέα λευκὰ λέγοντο 24.793
; φάρμακα λέξασθαι A.R.3.807
.

2 [voice] Med., choose for oneself, pick out, λέξαιτο.. ἄνδρας ἀρίστους Od.24.108
; κούρους Il.21.27
:—[voice] Pass., to be chosen, εἰ.. λεγοίμεθα πάντες ἄριστοι 13.276
.

II count, tell, ἐν δ' ἡμέας λέγε κήτεσιν he counted us among the seals, Od.4.452; and in [tense] aor. [voice] Med., Il.2.125; ἐγὼ πέμπτος μετὰ τοῖσιν ἐλέγμην I reckoned myself.., Od.9.335; λέκτο δ' ἀριθμόν he told him over the number, 4.451:—[voice] Pass., μετὰ τοῖσιν ἐλέχθην I was counted among these, Il.3.188.

b so, but not freq., after Hom., λ. ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν Pi.O.13.46
, cf. A.Ag. 570; καθ' ἓν ἕκαστον λ. Isoc.2.45
; also καὶ σὲ δ' ἐν τούτοις λέγω count you among.., A.Pr. 973; λ. τινὰ οὐδαμοῦ count him as naught, S.Ant. 183; κέρδος λ., εἰ .. count it gain, that.., ib. 462:—[voice] Med., λέξατο πάντας [ναύτας] Pi.P.4.189:—[voice] Pass., λέγεσθαι ἐν τοῖς ἱππικωτάτοις X.Oec.11.20
; ἐνὶ πρώτῃσι λέγεσθαι Call.Del.16
: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, ἐν τοῖς οὐκέτ' οὖσι λέξομαι E.
l.c.

2 recount, tell over, οὔ τι διαπρήξαιμι λέγων ἐμὰ κήδεα Od.14.197
; σὺ δέ μοι λέγε θέσκελα ἔργα 11.374
; τὰ ἕκαστα λέγων 12.165
; ὅσα τ' αὐτὸς.. ἐμόγησε, πάντ' ἔλεγ' 23.308: so in Trag., λ. τύχας, πάθη, μόχθους, etc., A.Pr. 633, Pers. 292, Ag. 555, etc.; also Ἀγαμέμνονι.. λέγ' ὀνείδεα repeated reproaches against him, Il.2.222; so perh. ψεύδεα πολλὰ λ. Hes.Th.27
(but v. infr. 111):—[voice] Med., τί σε χρὴ ταῦτα λέγεσθαι; why need'st thou tell the tale thereof? Il.13.275; and so, μηκέτι ταῦτα λεγώμεθα νηπύτιοι ὥς ib. 292, cf. Od.3.240, 13.296; μηκέτι νῦν δήθ' αὖθι λεγώμεθα Il.2.435
.

III say, speak, first in Hes.Th.27 (v. supr.11.2): [tense] fut. λέξω Emp.38.1
, A.Ag. 859, Hdt.4.14, Th.2.48, Antipho 6.33, etc.: [tense] aor. ἔλεξα Anacr.45
, Pl.Sph. 217e, Antipho 1.15 (rare in Pl. and the Orators, common in some dialects, as Boeotian, IG7.504.2 ([place name] Tanagra), Thessalian, ib.9(2).461.21, Ionic, v.l. in Hp.Aër. 12): [tense] pf. λέλεχα Gal.16.249
, λέλεγα and λέλογας Hsch.
( εἴρηκα in correct writers):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. λεχθήσομαι Th.5.86
, Pl.Ti. 67c, etc.: also [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, S.OC 1186, E.Hec. 906 (lyr.), etc.; and λελέξομαι Th.3.53
(v.l. λέξεται), Pl.R. 457b: [tense] aor. ἐλέχθην (never ἐλέγην in this sense) S.OT 1442, Th.6.32, etc.: [tense] pf. λέλεγμαι Pi.N.8.20
, Hdt.2.21, S.Ph. 389, etc. ( εἴλεγμαι in this sense only in compd. δι-): rare in compds. (only ἀντιλέγω, ἐπιλέγω, καταλέγω, προλέγω), the [tense] pres. in most compds. being supplied by ἀγορεύω, the [tense] fut. by ἐρῶ, the [tense] aor. by εἶπον, the [tense] pf. by εἴρηκα:

1 say, speak, never in Hom., first in Hes. l.c., freq. from Hdt. and Trag. downwds.; of all kinds of oral communications, ἐκέλευε λέγειν εἴ τι θέλοι Hdt.8.58
; so λέγοις ἄν speak, say on, Pl.Plt. 268e, etc.; λ. μῦθον A.Pers. 698
(troch.); ψευδῆ λ. Id.Ag. 625
; ἀληθῆ λ. Pl.Phlb. 12b
(so in [voice] Pass., λόγος λέλεκται πᾶς S.Ph. 389
); of oracles, say, declare, Hdt.8.136; ὥσπερ τοὔνομα λέγει indicates, Pl. Prt. 312c: with Preps., λ. ἀμφί τινος A.Th. 1017
, E.Hec. 580; περί τινος Xenoph.34.2
, Democr.165, S.Aj. 151 (anap.), Th.2.48; ὑπέρ τινος in his defence, S.El. 555, X.HG1.7.16; κατά τινος against him, Thgn.1240a, X.HG1.5.2; λ. ἐπί τισι εὐχὰς ἀγαθάς express good wishes for them, A.Supp. 625 (anap.); λ. τά τινος take his part, D.8.64; λ. πρός τι in reference or in answer to.., S.Ant. 753, etc.; εἴς τι X.Mem. 1.5.1
.

2 c. acc. et inf., say that.., Pi.P.2.59, etc.: with neg. οὐ, Pl.R. 348c, etc., but μή ib. 346e, X.Smp.4.5 ([voice] Pass.), and usu. in later Gr., LXX Ge.38.22; λ. μὴ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν Ev.Matt.22.23
: freq. also folld. by ὡς, ὅτι (generally so in the [voice] Act. voice) when the subject of the relative clause may become the object of the principal Verb, γυναῖκα λέγουσιν, ὡς κάθηται .. X.Cyr.7.3.5, etc.: rarely c. part., λ. Οἰδίπουν ὀλωλότα speak of him as dead, S.OC 1580; λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας A.Ag. 672
; λέξασ' ἀδελφῷ σ' ἐνθάδ' ὄντα E.Hel. 888
:—[voice] Pass., λέξεται ἔχων Id.IT 1047
, cf. A.Ag. 170 (cj.).

3 λέγειν τινά τι say something of another, esp. κακὰ λ. τινά speak ill of him, revile him, Hdt.8.61; ἀγαθὰ λ. τινάς Ar.Ec. 435
; τὰ ἔσχατα, τὰ ἀπόρρητα λ. ἀλλήλους, X.Mem.2.2.9, D.18.123; also εὖ or κακῶς λ. τινά, A.Ag. 445 (lyr.), S.El. 524, cf. 1028; εὖ λ. τὸν εὖ λέγοντα X.Mem.2.3.8
.

4 call by name, ἃς τρέμομεν λ. S.OC 128
(lyr.): c. dupl. acc., call so and so, λέγοιμ' ἂν ἄνδρα τόνδε τῶν σταθμῶν κύνα A.Ag. 896
, cf. S.OC 939 codd., Hdt.1.32, etc.

5 λ. τινὰ ποιεῖν τι tell, command one to do, A.Ch. 553, S.Ph. 101, X.Cyr.4.1.22, etc.: so with τινι, S.OC 840, D.19.150 (no obj. expressed in A.Ag. 925, S.OC 856); λέγε τὸν ἐρωτῶντα ἵνα.. εἴπῃ σοι .. Astramps.Orac.p.1 H.; ὡς ὁ νόμος λέγει D.22.20
; ὁ λέγων μὴ μοιχεύειν Ep.Rom.2.22
.

6 λ. τι say something, i.e. speak to the point or purpose, βούλῃ λέγειν τι, καὶ λέγων μηδὲν κλύειν; S.Ant. 757; λέγω τι; am I right? the answer being λέγεις, Id.OT 1475; κινδυνεύεις τι λέγειν Pl.Cra. 404a
; ἴσως ἄν τι λέγοις X.Mem.2.1.12
, cf. Cyr.1.4.20; opp. οὐδὲν λέγει has no meaning, no authority, οὐδὲν λ. τὸ σωφρόνως τραφῆναι Ar.Eq. 334
, cf. V.75; οὐδὲν λέγεις nonsense! Id.Th. 625; but οὐδὲν λέγειν, also, say what is not, lie, Id.Av.66, Pl. Ap. 30b; also εὖ γε λέγεις, εὖ λέγεις, εὖ ἂν λέγοις, good news!, that is well!, ib. 24e, Grg. 447b, Prt. 310b; καλῶς, ὀρθῶς λ., you are right, X. Mem.3.3.4, 3.6.8; κοὔπω λέγω and what is more, Herod.7.44; τί λέγεις; τὸν ἔποπα παῖ καλεῖς; Ar.Av.57, cf. Ec. 298 (lyr.).

7 pleon., ἔφη λέγων Hdt.3.156
, 5.36; ἔλεγε φάς Id.1.122
; ἔφασκε λέγων Ar.Av. 472
; ἦ δ' ὃς λέγων Id.V. 795
; ὡς ἔφη λέγων S.Aj. 757
; καὶ λέγων εἶπεν οὕτω πως D.8.74
, etc.

8 at the beginning of letters or documents, Ἄμασις Πολυκράτεϊ ὧδε λέγει.., Μαρδόνιος τάδε λέγει .., etc., Hdt.3.40, 8.140. ά, etc.; τὰ γράμματα ἔλεγε τάδε Id.1.124
, etc.; γράμμασι λέγον τάδε, of an inscription, Th.6.54: in roman edicts, Μάρκος Μέττιος Ῥοῦφος.. λέγει POxy. 237 viii 28
(i A.D.).

9 wish to say, mean, οὔτοι γυναῖκας ἀλλὰ Γοργόνας λέγω A.Eu.48
; τί τοῦτο λέγει, πρὸ Πύλοιο; what does
πρὸ Πύλοιο
mean? Ar.Eq. 1059
, cf. 1021, 1375, Ec. 989, Pl. Phd. 60e: freq. in Platonic dialogue, πῶς λέγεις; how do you mean? in what sense do you say this? Ap. 24e, al.; ἢ πῶς λέγομεν; or what do we mean to say? Grg. 480b; πῶς δὴ οὖν αὐτὸ λέγεις; Phdr. 265c; ποῖόν τί ποτε ἄρα λέγοντ ές φασι .. what they can possibly mean by saying.., Tht. 181c, al.: c. dupl. acc., τοιοῦτόν τι σὲ λέγειν τὸ κρεῖττον Grg. 489d
, al.: freq. (esp. in Trag.) to explain more fully, εἴσω κομίζου καὶ σύ, Κασάνδραν λέγω you, I mean Cassandra, A.Ag. 1035; ὁ μάντις, υἱὸν Οἰκλέους λ. Id.Th. 609
, cf. 658 (v.l.), Pr. 946; ποταμός, Ἀχελῷον λέγω S.Tr.9
, cf. 1220, Ph. 1261, E.Ph. 987; ἐμὲ λέγων meaning me, Isoc.12.215; τὸ δ' ὑμεῖς ὅταν λέγω, τὴν πόλιν λ. D.18.88
: sts., however, the word after λέγω is put in appos. with the word to be expld., Ἀντικλείας.., τῆς σῆς λέγω τοι μητρός A.Fr. 175
, cf. Th. 658 cod. M; περὶ τῶνδε.., λέγω δὲ Φωκέων D.19.152
; παρ' ὧν.., τούτων τῶν τὴν Ἀσίαν οἰκούντων λέγω Id.8.24
, cf. Pl.Smp. 202b: abs., μηδενὸς ὄντος ἐν [τῇ χώρᾳ] λέγω D.1.27
.

b περὶ ἃς (sc. ἀπολαύσεις) λέγομεν τὸν σώφρονα in regard to which we use the term 'temperate', Arist.EN 1148a5, cf. Pl.Grg. 494b.

10 ὡς λέγουσι as they say, S.Ant.23, etc.; ὡς λ. μοι Id.OC 1161
:—[voice] Pass., λέγεται it is said, c.acc.et inf., X.Mem.1.2.30, al.; but also πατρὸς λέγεται γενέσθαι .. Id.Cyr.1.2.1; θανεῖν ἐλέχθη he was said to have been killed, S.OT 292; so λεγόμενον ἐρέω Pi.P.5.108
: τὸ λεγόμενον abs., as the saying goes, Th.7.68, cf. Pl.Grg. 447a, Smp. 217e, etc.; τὸ λ. δὴ τοῦτο Id.Grg. 514e
: ὁ λεγόμενος γραῶν ὕθλος the so-called.., Id.Tht. 176b; οἱ λ. αὐτόνομοι εἶναι X.HG6.3.8
; οἱ λ. ὅτι .. of whom it is said that.., Id.Cyr.8.6.16.

11 of orators, speak (emphatically), λέγειν δεινός S.OT 545
, X.Cyr.1.5.9, etc.; λέγειν ἠσκηκότες S.Fr. 963
, cf. Eup.95 (v. λαλέω) ; λ. τε καὶ πράσσειν δυνατώτατος Th.1.139
; οἱ ἐν τῷ πλήθει λέγειν δυνάμενοι Isoc.3.8
, cf. D.19.286; plead one's cause in a court of law, Id.23.78; δίκας λέγειν ὑπέρ τινος speak as an advocate for.., Din.1.111.

12 boast of, tell of, τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ῥώμην X.Cyr.1.3.10
; in Poets, sing of, θέλω λ. Ἀτρείδας Anacreont.23.1
.

13 recite what is written, λαβὲ τὸ βιβλίον καὶ λέγε Pl.Tht. 143c
; and freq. in Oratt., as λέγε τὸν νόμον D.21.8
and 10, etc.; of lectures, ἀκούσατέ μου σχόλια λέγοντος Arr.Epict.3.21.6
, cf. 15.8 (the sense of Lat. lego, read, occurs only in the compds. ἀναλέγομαι, ἐπιλέγομαι).

14 say or send word by another, X.An.1.9.25, 7.4.5.

15 maintain as a thesis, οἱ τὰς ἰδέας λέγοντες Arist. Ph. 193b36
, Metaph. 1036b14.

16 nominate, Lat. dicere [dictatorem], D.C.Fr.36.26 ([voice] Pass.). (Cf. Lat. lègo, legio, legulus ('olivegatherer').)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λέγω
92 λέχω

λέγω =⟩ λέχω (A),

λέγω (A),

A lay, [tense] pres. erroneously inferred from λέξομαι, ἔλεκτο, etc.; v. λέχομαι.

------------------------------------

λέγω (B),

A pick up, etc.: tenses for signf. 1 and 11, [tense] fut. λέξω Od.24.224
: [tense] aor. ἔλεξα A.Pers. 292
:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. in pass. sense λέξομαι E. Alc. 322
: [tense] aor. ἐλεξάμην Il.21.27
(trans.); [dialect] Ep. ἐλέγμην Od.9.335
; λέκτο 4.451
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐλέχθην Il.3.188
: also post-Hom. in these senses, but only in compos., esp. with ἀπο-, ἐκ-, κατα-, συν-; post-Hom. [tense] pf. εἴλοχα (κατ-, συν-), [voice] Pass. εἴλεγμαι, in these senses rarely λέλεγμαι (v. the compds.); also [tense] fut. λεγήσομαι ( συλ-): [tense] aor. 2 ἐλέγην (κατ-, συν-):—gather, pick up, ὀστέα.. λέγωμεν Il.23.239
, cf. Od.24. 72, Pi.P.8.53; αἱμασιάς τε λέγων picking out stones for building walls, Od.18.359 (ubi v. Sch., cf. λογάς 2
), cf. 24.224:—[voice] Med., gather for oneself, ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ λέγεσθε Il.8.507
; ὀστέα λευκὰ λέγοντο 24.793
; φάρμακα λέξασθαι A.R.3.807
.

2 [voice] Med., choose for oneself, pick out, λέξαιτο.. ἄνδρας ἀρίστους Od.24.108
; κούρους Il.21.27
:—[voice] Pass., to be chosen, εἰ.. λεγοίμεθα πάντες ἄριστοι 13.276
.

II count, tell, ἐν δ' ἡμέας λέγε κήτεσιν he counted us among the seals, Od.4.452; and in [tense] aor. [voice] Med., Il.2.125; ἐγὼ πέμπτος μετὰ τοῖσιν ἐλέγμην I reckoned myself.., Od.9.335; λέκτο δ' ἀριθμόν he told him over the number, 4.451:—[voice] Pass., μετὰ τοῖσιν ἐλέχθην I was counted among these, Il.3.188.

b so, but not freq., after Hom., λ. ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν Pi.O.13.46
, cf. A.Ag. 570; καθ' ἓν ἕκαστον λ. Isoc.2.45
; also καὶ σὲ δ' ἐν τούτοις λέγω count you among.., A.Pr. 973; λ. τινὰ οὐδαμοῦ count him as naught, S.Ant. 183; κέρδος λ., εἰ .. count it gain, that.., ib. 462:—[voice] Med., λέξατο πάντας [ναύτας] Pi.P.4.189:—[voice] Pass., λέγεσθαι ἐν τοῖς ἱππικωτάτοις X.Oec.11.20
; ἐνὶ πρώτῃσι λέγεσθαι Call.Del.16
: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, ἐν τοῖς οὐκέτ' οὖσι λέξομαι E.
l.c.

2 recount, tell over, οὔ τι διαπρήξαιμι λέγων ἐμὰ κήδεα Od.14.197
; σὺ δέ μοι λέγε θέσκελα ἔργα 11.374
; τὰ ἕκαστα λέγων 12.165
; ὅσα τ' αὐτὸς.. ἐμόγησε, πάντ' ἔλεγ' 23.308: so in Trag., λ. τύχας, πάθη, μόχθους, etc., A.Pr. 633, Pers. 292, Ag. 555, etc.; also Ἀγαμέμνονι.. λέγ' ὀνείδεα repeated reproaches against him, Il.2.222; so perh. ψεύδεα πολλὰ λ. Hes.Th.27
(but v. infr. 111):—[voice] Med., τί σε χρὴ ταῦτα λέγεσθαι; why need'st thou tell the tale thereof? Il.13.275; and so, μηκέτι ταῦτα λεγώμεθα νηπύτιοι ὥς ib. 292, cf. Od.3.240, 13.296; μηκέτι νῦν δήθ' αὖθι λεγώμεθα Il.2.435
.

III say, speak, first in Hes.Th.27 (v. supr.11.2): [tense] fut. λέξω Emp.38.1
, A.Ag. 859, Hdt.4.14, Th.2.48, Antipho 6.33, etc.: [tense] aor. ἔλεξα Anacr.45
, Pl.Sph. 217e, Antipho 1.15 (rare in Pl. and the Orators, common in some dialects, as Boeotian, IG7.504.2 ([place name] Tanagra), Thessalian, ib.9(2).461.21, Ionic, v.l. in Hp.Aër. 12): [tense] pf. λέλεχα Gal.16.249
, λέλεγα and λέλογας Hsch.
( εἴρηκα in correct writers):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. λεχθήσομαι Th.5.86
, Pl.Ti. 67c, etc.: also [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, S.OC 1186, E.Hec. 906 (lyr.), etc.; and λελέξομαι Th.3.53
(v.l. λέξεται), Pl.R. 457b: [tense] aor. ἐλέχθην (never ἐλέγην in this sense) S.OT 1442, Th.6.32, etc.: [tense] pf. λέλεγμαι Pi.N.8.20
, Hdt.2.21, S.Ph. 389, etc. ( εἴλεγμαι in this sense only in compd. δι-): rare in compds. (only ἀντιλέγω, ἐπιλέγω, καταλέγω, προλέγω), the [tense] pres. in most compds. being supplied by ἀγορεύω, the [tense] fut. by ἐρῶ, the [tense] aor. by εἶπον, the [tense] pf. by εἴρηκα:

1 say, speak, never in Hom., first in Hes. l.c., freq. from Hdt. and Trag. downwds.; of all kinds of oral communications, ἐκέλευε λέγειν εἴ τι θέλοι Hdt.8.58
; so λέγοις ἄν speak, say on, Pl.Plt. 268e, etc.; λ. μῦθον A.Pers. 698
(troch.); ψευδῆ λ. Id.Ag. 625
; ἀληθῆ λ. Pl.Phlb. 12b
(so in [voice] Pass., λόγος λέλεκται πᾶς S.Ph. 389
); of oracles, say, declare, Hdt.8.136; ὥσπερ τοὔνομα λέγει indicates, Pl. Prt. 312c: with Preps., λ. ἀμφί τινος A.Th. 1017
, E.Hec. 580; περί τινος Xenoph.34.2
, Democr.165, S.Aj. 151 (anap.), Th.2.48; ὑπέρ τινος in his defence, S.El. 555, X.HG1.7.16; κατά τινος against him, Thgn.1240a, X.HG1.5.2; λ. ἐπί τισι εὐχὰς ἀγαθάς express good wishes for them, A.Supp. 625 (anap.); λ. τά τινος take his part, D.8.64; λ. πρός τι in reference or in answer to.., S.Ant. 753, etc.; εἴς τι X.Mem. 1.5.1
.

2 c. acc. et inf., say that.., Pi.P.2.59, etc.: with neg. οὐ, Pl.R. 348c, etc., but μή ib. 346e, X.Smp.4.5 ([voice] Pass.), and usu. in later Gr., LXX Ge.38.22; λ. μὴ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν Ev.Matt.22.23
: freq. also folld. by ὡς, ὅτι (generally so in the [voice] Act. voice) when the subject of the relative clause may become the object of the principal Verb, γυναῖκα λέγουσιν, ὡς κάθηται .. X.Cyr.7.3.5, etc.: rarely c. part., λ. Οἰδίπουν ὀλωλότα speak of him as dead, S.OC 1580; λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας A.Ag. 672
; λέξασ' ἀδελφῷ σ' ἐνθάδ' ὄντα E.Hel. 888
:—[voice] Pass., λέξεται ἔχων Id.IT 1047
, cf. A.Ag. 170 (cj.).

3 λέγειν τινά τι say something of another, esp. κακὰ λ. τινά speak ill of him, revile him, Hdt.8.61; ἀγαθὰ λ. τινάς Ar.Ec. 435
; τὰ ἔσχατα, τὰ ἀπόρρητα λ. ἀλλήλους, X.Mem.2.2.9, D.18.123; also εὖ or κακῶς λ. τινά, A.Ag. 445 (lyr.), S.El. 524, cf. 1028; εὖ λ. τὸν εὖ λέγοντα X.Mem.2.3.8
.

4 call by name, ἃς τρέμομεν λ. S.OC 128
(lyr.): c. dupl. acc., call so and so, λέγοιμ' ἂν ἄνδρα τόνδε τῶν σταθμῶν κύνα A.Ag. 896
, cf. S.OC 939 codd., Hdt.1.32, etc.

5 λ. τινὰ ποιεῖν τι tell, command one to do, A.Ch. 553, S.Ph. 101, X.Cyr.4.1.22, etc.: so with τινι, S.OC 840, D.19.150 (no obj. expressed in A.Ag. 925, S.OC 856); λέγε τὸν ἐρωτῶντα ἵνα.. εἴπῃ σοι .. Astramps.Orac.p.1 H.; ὡς ὁ νόμος λέγει D.22.20
; ὁ λέγων μὴ μοιχεύειν Ep.Rom.2.22
.

6 λ. τι say something, i.e. speak to the point or purpose, βούλῃ λέγειν τι, καὶ λέγων μηδὲν κλύειν; S.Ant. 757; λέγω τι; am I right? the answer being λέγεις, Id.OT 1475; κινδυνεύεις τι λέγειν Pl.Cra. 404a
; ἴσως ἄν τι λέγοις X.Mem.2.1.12
, cf. Cyr.1.4.20; opp. οὐδὲν λέγει has no meaning, no authority, οὐδὲν λ. τὸ σωφρόνως τραφῆναι Ar.Eq. 334
, cf. V.75; οὐδὲν λέγεις nonsense! Id.Th. 625; but οὐδὲν λέγειν, also, say what is not, lie, Id.Av.66, Pl. Ap. 30b; also εὖ γε λέγεις, εὖ λέγεις, εὖ ἂν λέγοις, good news!, that is well!, ib. 24e, Grg. 447b, Prt. 310b; καλῶς, ὀρθῶς λ., you are right, X. Mem.3.3.4, 3.6.8; κοὔπω λέγω and what is more, Herod.7.44; τί λέγεις; τὸν ἔποπα παῖ καλεῖς; Ar.Av.57, cf. Ec. 298 (lyr.).

7 pleon., ἔφη λέγων Hdt.3.156
, 5.36; ἔλεγε φάς Id.1.122
; ἔφασκε λέγων Ar.Av. 472
; ἦ δ' ὃς λέγων Id.V. 795
; ὡς ἔφη λέγων S.Aj. 757
; καὶ λέγων εἶπεν οὕτω πως D.8.74
, etc.

8 at the beginning of letters or documents, Ἄμασις Πολυκράτεϊ ὧδε λέγει.., Μαρδόνιος τάδε λέγει .., etc., Hdt.3.40, 8.140. ά, etc.; τὰ γράμματα ἔλεγε τάδε Id.1.124
, etc.; γράμμασι λέγον τάδε, of an inscription, Th.6.54: in roman edicts, Μάρκος Μέττιος Ῥοῦφος.. λέγει POxy. 237 viii 28
(i A.D.).

9 wish to say, mean, οὔτοι γυναῖκας ἀλλὰ Γοργόνας λέγω A.Eu.48
; τί τοῦτο λέγει, πρὸ Πύλοιο; what does
πρὸ Πύλοιο
mean? Ar.Eq. 1059
, cf. 1021, 1375, Ec. 989, Pl. Phd. 60e: freq. in Platonic dialogue, πῶς λέγεις; how do you mean? in what sense do you say this? Ap. 24e, al.; ἢ πῶς λέγομεν; or what do we mean to say? Grg. 480b; πῶς δὴ οὖν αὐτὸ λέγεις; Phdr. 265c; ποῖόν τί ποτε ἄρα λέγοντ ές φασι .. what they can possibly mean by saying.., Tht. 181c, al.: c. dupl. acc., τοιοῦτόν τι σὲ λέγειν τὸ κρεῖττον Grg. 489d
, al.: freq. (esp. in Trag.) to explain more fully, εἴσω κομίζου καὶ σύ, Κασάνδραν λέγω you, I mean Cassandra, A.Ag. 1035; ὁ μάντις, υἱὸν Οἰκλέους λ. Id.Th. 609
, cf. 658 (v.l.), Pr. 946; ποταμός, Ἀχελῷον λέγω S.Tr.9
, cf. 1220, Ph. 1261, E.Ph. 987; ἐμὲ λέγων meaning me, Isoc.12.215; τὸ δ' ὑμεῖς ὅταν λέγω, τὴν πόλιν λ. D.18.88
: sts., however, the word after λέγω is put in appos. with the word to be expld., Ἀντικλείας.., τῆς σῆς λέγω τοι μητρός A.Fr. 175
, cf. Th. 658 cod. M; περὶ τῶνδε.., λέγω δὲ Φωκέων D.19.152
; παρ' ὧν.., τούτων τῶν τὴν Ἀσίαν οἰκούντων λέγω Id.8.24
, cf. Pl.Smp. 202b: abs., μηδενὸς ὄντος ἐν [τῇ χώρᾳ] λέγω D.1.27
.

b περὶ ἃς (sc. ἀπολαύσεις) λέγομεν τὸν σώφρονα in regard to which we use the term 'temperate', Arist.EN 1148a5, cf. Pl.Grg. 494b.

10 ὡς λέγουσι as they say, S.Ant.23, etc.; ὡς λ. μοι Id.OC 1161
:—[voice] Pass., λέγεται it is said, c.acc.et inf., X.Mem.1.2.30, al.; but also πατρὸς λέγεται γενέσθαι .. Id.Cyr.1.2.1; θανεῖν ἐλέχθη he was said to have been killed, S.OT 292; so λεγόμενον ἐρέω Pi.P.5.108
: τὸ λεγόμενον abs., as the saying goes, Th.7.68, cf. Pl.Grg. 447a, Smp. 217e, etc.; τὸ λ. δὴ τοῦτο Id.Grg. 514e
: ὁ λεγόμενος γραῶν ὕθλος the so-called.., Id.Tht. 176b; οἱ λ. αὐτόνομοι εἶναι X.HG6.3.8
; οἱ λ. ὅτι .. of whom it is said that.., Id.Cyr.8.6.16.

11 of orators, speak (emphatically), λέγειν δεινός S.OT 545
, X.Cyr.1.5.9, etc.; λέγειν ἠσκηκότες S.Fr. 963
, cf. Eup.95 (v. λαλέω) ; λ. τε καὶ πράσσειν δυνατώτατος Th.1.139
; οἱ ἐν τῷ πλήθει λέγειν δυνάμενοι Isoc.3.8
, cf. D.19.286; plead one's cause in a court of law, Id.23.78; δίκας λέγειν ὑπέρ τινος speak as an advocate for.., Din.1.111.

12 boast of, tell of, τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ῥώμην X.Cyr.1.3.10
; in Poets, sing of, θέλω λ. Ἀτρείδας Anacreont.23.1
.

13 recite what is written, λαβὲ τὸ βιβλίον καὶ λέγε Pl.Tht. 143c
; and freq. in Oratt., as λέγε τὸν νόμον D.21.8
and 10, etc.; of lectures, ἀκούσατέ μου σχόλια λέγοντος Arr.Epict.3.21.6
, cf. 15.8 (the sense of Lat. lego, read, occurs only in the compds. ἀναλέγομαι, ἐπιλέγομαι).

14 say or send word by another, X.An.1.9.25, 7.4.5.

15 maintain as a thesis, οἱ τὰς ἰδέας λέγοντες Arist. Ph. 193b36
, Metaph. 1036b14.

16 nominate, Lat. dicere [dictatorem], D.C.Fr.36.26 ([voice] Pass.). (Cf. Lat. lègo, legio, legulus ('olivegatherer').)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λέχω
93 οὔπω

οὔπω or [full] οὔ πω, [dialect] Ion. [full] οὔκω, Adv.

A not yet, opp. οὐκέτι (no longer, no more), usu. with [tense] pres. or past (esp. [tense] pf., or [tense] aor. in [tense] pf. sense) tenses, Il.2.799, Od.13.335, Hes. Op. 521, Sc.10, Pl.Prt. 322b, Men.Epit.98, etc.; freq. with another word between, as οὐ γάρ πω Il.1.262
, 2.192; so οὔ τί κω Hdt.6.110
; οὔτι πω A.Pers. 179
, S.Aj. 106, El. 513 (lyr.), OC 1370; οὐ πέφυκέ πω A.Pr.27
, cf. Eu. 590, etc.

2 sts. merely as a stronger form of the neg., not, not at all, when it may be used with the [tense] pres. or [tense] fut., σοὶ δ' οὔ πω.. θεοὶ κοτέουσιν Il.14.143
, cf. 12.270, Od. 2.118, S.OT 594; οὔ πω τλήσομ'.. ὁρᾶσθαι Il.3.306
, cf. Od.5.358: with [tense] aor., A.Fr. 241, S.OT 105.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > οὔπω
94 πάρος

πάρος, poet. Particle:

A Adv.,

I of Time, aforetime, formerly, π. μεμαυῖα Il.4.73
, etc.; κάρη π. χαρίεν 22.403
; οὐ γὰρ ἐμὴ ἲς ἔσθ' οἵη π. ἔσκεν 11.669
, cf. Od.2.119, etc.; opp. νῦν, 6.325, etc. ; π. γε Il.17.270
, etc. ; π. περ Od.5.82
, etc.: with the Art., τὸ π. γε, to\ p. per, Il.19.42, 23.480, etc. ; once in Hdt., καὶ π. 9.2 ; never in [dialect] Att. Prose (rarely later, PPetr.2p.22 (iii B.C.), POxy.1121.36 (iii A. D.) , but freq. in Trag., θεοὶ οἱ π. A.Pr. 406 (lyr.); τά τε π. τά τ' εἰσέπειτα S.Aj.34
; ἐν τῷ π. χρόνῳ Id.El. 1445
, etc.

2 with [tense] pres., up to now, hitherto, οἳ τὸ π. περ ζαχρηεῖς τελέθουσι Il.12.346
; οἷος π. εὔχεαι εἶναι 4.264
; π. γε μὲν οὔ τι θαμίζεις Od.5.88
, cf. 4.810, Il.1.553.

3 as Conj. like πρίν, before, c. [tense] aor. inf., πάρος τάδε ἔργα γενέσθαι 6.348
; πάρος ἢν γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι Od.1.21
, cf. 8.376, etc.: rarely with [tense] pres., πάρος δόρποιο μέδεσθαι Il.18.245
.

4 with neg., as antec. to πρίν γε, π. δ' οὐκ ἔσσεται ἄλλως, πρίν γε .. not until, 5.218, cf. Od.2.127.

5 before the time, too soon, τί π. λαβρεύεαι ; Il.23.474.

6 rather, sooner, π. τοι δαίμονα δώσω 8.166
; π. τινὰ γαῖα καθέξει 16.629
, cf. E. Or. 345 (lyr.).

II rarely of Place, first, σοὶ βαδιστέον π. S.El. 1502.

B Prep., poet. for πρό,

I of Place, before, once in Hom., Τυδεΐδαο π. Il.8.254 ; δωμάτων π. S.Aj.73, E.Hec. 1049, Ph. 1271 ; δόμων π. Id.Or. 112, 1217 ; τῶν σῶν π. πίτνουσα γονάτων Id.Andr. 572
.

II of Time, θανεῖν πάρος τέκνων ib. 1208.

III before, above, π. τοὐμοῦ πόθου προὔθεντο τὴν τυραννίδα S.OC 418
.

2 instead of, ἀδελφῶν πάρος.. θανεῖν E.Heracl. 536
—When πάρος is a Prep. it usually follows its case, but not always, S.OC 418, E.Andr. 1112, 1208. (Cf. Skt. purás 'before'.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πάρος
95 ἔοικα

ἔοικα,

A as, ε, etc., [tense] pf. with [tense] pres. sense, to be like: rarely in other tenses, [ per.] 3sg. [tense] impf.
εἶκε
it was opportune, Il.18.520
(unless fr. εἴκω 111
): [tense] fut.
εἴξω
will be like, Ar.Nu. 1001
; [tense] pf. [ per.] 3 dual ἔϊκτον Od.4.27
; [ per.] 1pl. ἔοιγμεν S.Aj. 1239
, Ichn.95, E.Cyc.99; ἐοίκαμεν Pl.La. 193d
; [ per.] 3pl. εἴξασι E.Hel. 497
, Ar.Av.96, Pl.Plt. 291a, Sph. 230a, Pl.Com.22, 153, Eub.98.8; ἐοίκασι Pl.R. 584d
; inf. εἰκέναι E.Fr. 167
, Ar.Nu. 185 (cf. προσέοικα); part. εἰκώς (also ἐϊκώς Il.21.254
, v. sub εἰκός) ; εἰοικυῖαι 18.418
: [dialect] Ion. (not [dialect] Ep.) οἶκα, ας, ε, Hdt.4.82,5.20, 106, part. οἰκώς Id.6.125
; but ἔοκια, ἐοικώς are found in other Ionic writers, as Semon. 7.41, Anacr.84, Heraclit.1, Hp.Aër.6, Democr.266, and codd. of Hdt. vary; [ per.] 2sg. εἶκας (v.l. οἶκας) Alcm.80: [tense] plpf. ἐῴκειν, εις, ει, Od. 1.411, etc.; [ per.] 3pl. ἐῴκεσαν Th.7.75
, etc., [dialect] Ep. ἐοίκεσαν Il.13.102
; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3 dual ἐΐκτην 1.104
, Od.4.662, Hes.Sc. 390 codd.: [dialect] Att. [tense] plpf. ᾔκειν Ar. Av. 1298
(Dawes from Sch.):—[voice] Pass., [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pf. ἤϊκται Nic.Th. 658
: [tense] plpf. ἤϊκτο Od.20.31
, al., ἔϊκτο Il.23.107
.

I to be like, look like, c. dat., Il.14.474, etc.; Μαχάονι πάντα ἔοικε 11.613
; κεφαλήν τε καὶ ὄμματα καλὰ ἔοικας κείνῳ Od.1.208
; so εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε, δέμας, etc., Il.2.58, 21.285, etc.; εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν, ἄντα ἐῴκει, 3.158, 24.630, al.; μελαίνῃ κηρὶ ἔοικε is considered like, i.e. hated like, death, Od.17.500: c. part., αἰεὶ γὰρ δίφρου ἐπιβησομένοισιν ἐΐκτην seemed always just about to set foot upon the chariot, Il.23.379; ἔοικε σημαίνοντι seems to indicate, Pl.Cra. 437a; τοὐναντίον ἔοικεν σπεύδοντι seems to urge the opposite, Id.Prt. 361b, cf. X.Mem.1.6.10,4.3.8, Arist.Sens. 437b24; ἔοικεν τοῦτο ἀτόπῳ this is like an absurdity, seems absurd, Pl.Phd. 62d; δαιμονίᾳ ἔοικεν εὐεργεσίᾳ D.2.1
: used by A. in this sense only in part. εἰκώς like, c. dat., Ag. 760 (lyr.), Ch. 560 (cf. IV.1).

2 ἐοικέναι κατά τι
to be analogous to, Plot.4.4.39
.

II seem, c. inf. (where we make the Verb impersonal): c. inf. [tense] pres., methinks, ἔοικα δέ τοι παραείδειν ὥς τε θεῷ I seem to sing (i. e. methinks I sing) to thee, as to a god, Od.22.348; χλιδᾶν ἔοικας methinks thou art delicate, A.Pr. 971; ἔοικα θρηνεῖν μάτην Id.Ch. 926
, cf. 730; ἔοικα.. οὐκ εἰδέναι S.OT 744
; ἔοικα.. ἐποικτίρειν σε Id.Ph. 317
: c. [tense] fut. inf., θέλξειν μ' ἔοικας it seems likely that thou wilt.., A.Eu. 900; ἐρεῖν ἔοικας Id.Pr. 984
; ἔοικα θεσπιῳδήσειν Id.Ag. 1161
; κτενεῖν ἔοικας Id.Ch. 922
; τὸν ἄνδρ' ἔοικεν ὕπνος ἔξειν S.Ph. 821
; ἔοικα πράξειν οὐδέν E.Hec. 813
, cf. Cyc.99: c. [tense] aor. inf., πικροὺς ἔοιγμεν.. ἀγῶνας κηρῦξαι methinks we proclaimed, S.Aj. 1239: c. [tense] pf. inf., ἔοικεν ἐπωνομάσθαι Pl.Cra. 419c
: c. part., ἔοικε κεκλημένη seems to be called, ibid.; ἐοίκατε ἡδόμενοι X.HG6.3.8
; κατακεκομμένη ἔοικεν ἡ σύνθεσις καὶ εὐκαταφρόνητος Demetr.Eloc.4
.

2 impers., ἔοικε it seems: ὡς ἔοικε as it seems, S.Ant. 576, 740, El. 772, 1341, E.Andr. 551, etc., used by Pl. merely to modify a statement, probably, I believe, Phd.61c, R. 332b, al.; ἔοικεν in answers, so it seems, ib. 334a, 346c, al.

3 personal in the same sense, ὡς ἔοικας S.El. 516
, Tr. 1241; ὡς εἴξασιν E.Hel. 497
.

III beseem, befit, c. dat. pers., τὸ μὲν ἀπιέναι.. οὐδενὶ καλῷ ἔοικε X.An.6.5.17
(unless οὐδενὶ κ. is neut.); ἀνδράσι ἔοικεν τὰ τῆς γεωργίας POxy. 899.18
( 200 A.D.): c. dat. et inf., τὰ μὲν οὔ τι καταθνητοῖσιν ἔοικεν ἄνδρεσσιν φορέειν Il.10.440
; cf. 111.2 fin.

2 most freq. impers., ἔοικε it is fitting, reasonable, mostly with neg. and folld. by inf., οὐκ ἔστ' οὐδὲ ἔοικε τεὸν ἔπος ἀρνήσασθαι Il.14.212
; οὐ γὰρ ἔοικ' ὀτρυνέμεν 4.286
: freq. c. acc. et inf., 12.212, al.; in Od.22.196 an inf. must be supplied, εὐνῇ ἔνι μαλακῇ καταλέγμενος, ὥς σε ἔοικεν (sc. καταλέξασθαι) ; ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ἔοικε (sc. εἶναι) Il.1.119:—rare in [dialect] Att., ἔοικεν νέῳ.. ὀργὴν ὑποφέρειν Pl.Lg. 879c
.

IV part. ἐοικώς, εἰκώς, [dialect] Ion. οἰκώς, υῖα, ός,

1 seeming like, like, Il.3.449, etc.:—the longer form is found in [dialect] Att. Prose, φόβος οὐδενὶ ἐοικώς Th.7.71
; εἰκώς A.Ag. 760
(lyr.), Ch. 560, E.Cyc. 376, Ar.V. 1321.

2 fitting, seemly, μῦθοί γε ἐοικότες.., ὧδε ἐοικότα μυθήσασθαι, Od.3.124, 125, cf. 4.239; ἐοικότι κεῖται ὀλέθρῳ 1.46
; ἐϊκυῖαν ἄκοιτιν a suitable wife, 'a help meet for him', Il.9.399.

3 likely, probable, εἰκός ἐστι, = ἔοικε, S.El. 659, 1488, etc.; esp. ὡς εἰκός, [dialect] Ion. ὡς οἰκός, = ὡς ἔοικε, Hdt.1.45 (sc. ἦν), S.Ph. 498, etc.; οἷον εἰκός Pl.R. 406c
; καθάπερ εἰκός Id.Ti. 24d
; also ὡς τὸ εἰκός Id.Phd. 67a
, R. 407d, etc.; οἱ εἰκότες λόγοι, μῦθοι, Id.Ti. 48d, 59c; ἀδύνατα εἰκότα plausible miracles, opp. δυνατὰ ἀπίθανα, Arist.Po. 1460a27.

4 καὶ τὰ ἐοικότα and the like, αἶγες, αἴλουροι, καὶ τὰ ἐ. S.E.P.1.47
, cf. 3.180; ἄρτιον, περιττόν, τέλειον, τὰ ἐ. Nicom. Ar.1.3
.

5 neut. Subst. εἰκός (q.v.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔοικα
96 ἐλπίζω

ἐλπίζω Att. fut. ἐλπιῶ; 1 aor. ἤλπισα; pf. ἤλπικα (B-D-F §341) (s. ἐλπίς; Trag., Hdt.+)

① to look forward to someth., with implication of confidence about someth. coming to pass, hope, hope for (cp. Judg 20:36; PsSol 17:33. both in the sense ‘rely on, trust’)

ⓐ abs. hope (for) (Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 138 τὸ ἐλπίζειν) 2 Cor 8:5; B 12:7; 2 Cl 11:5; pres. pass. ptc. ἐλπιζόμενα what we hope for (Polyaenus 3, 9, 11 τὰ ἐλπιζόμενα) Hb 11:1.

ⓑ w. indication of what is hoped for: in acc. (Is 38:18; Wsd 2:22) πάντα 1 Cor 13:7. ὸ̔ γὰρ βλέπει τις ἐλπίζει Ro 8:24; cp. vs. 25. (W. εἰς: Sir 2:9 εἰς ἀγαθά; PsSol 15:1 εἰς βοήθειαν … τοῦ θεοῦ.) W. perf. inf. 2 Cor 5:11; B 17:1. W. ὅτι foll. (Polyb. 3, 63, 7; Arrian, Alex. An. 1, 4, 7; POxy 1672, 7 [c. 40 A.D.]; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 85) the deliverer of Israel Lk 24:21. W. acc. and pres. inf. (Just., D. 32, 2 ἐλπίζων τινὰ ἐξ ὑμῶν δύνασθαι εὑρεθήναι) Hm 12, 6, 4. W. the connotation of desire (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 1 §3 ἐ. περὶ ἁπάντων) ἤλπιζέν τι σημεῖον ἰδεῖν he was hoping to see a sign Lk 23:8. ἐλπίζει καταντῆσαι hopes to attain Ac 26:7.

ⓒ w. indication of the pers. or thing on whom (which) hope is based put one’s confidence in someone or someth.: τινί in someth. (Thu. 3, 97, 2 τῇ τύχῃ) τῷ ὀνόματι Mt 12:21; εἴς τι (Is 51:5): εἰς τ. οἰκοδομήν put one’s hope (or, confidence) in the building (the temple) B 16:1. εἴς τινα in someone (Herodian 7, 10, 1; cp. Ps 118:114; Just., D., 8, 3 εἰς ἄνθρωπον): Moses J 5:45; PEg² 14. εἰς θεόν (Ps 144:15; PIand 11, 2; SibOr 5, 284; cp. Jos., Bell. 6, 99) 1 Pt 3:5. εἰς Χριστόν IPhld 11:2; cp. 5:2. εἴς τινα w. ὅτι foll. 2 Cor 1:10. For this, ἔν τινι (Ps 55:5 B; Judg 9:26 B; 4 Km 18:5; Did., Gen. 98, 5) Mt 12:21 v.l.; 1 Cor 15:19. For this, ἐπί τινα: ἐπὶ τ. θεόν (Ps 41:6, 12 al.; Philo; Just., D. 101, 1) 1 Ti 5:5; cp. D 4:10; 1 Cl 11:1; 12:7; B 6:3; 19:7; Hm 12, 5, 2 (Just. D. 102, 6 ἐπὶ θεόν). ἐπὶ κύριον 1 Cl 16:16 (Ps 21:9); 22:8 (Ps 31:10). ἐπὶ θεόν … ἐπὶ Χριστόν AcPl Ha 2, 29f. ἐπὶ Ἰησοῦν B 6:9; 8:5 (cp. Just., D. 47, 2 ἐπὶ τοῦτον τὸν Χριστόν). ἐπί τι (Ps 51:10; Synes., Ep. 58 p. 202d ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἤλπισε): ἐπὶ τὴν χάριν 1 Pt 1:13. ἐπὶ τὸ ὄνομα θεοῦ 1 Cl 59:3; B 16:8. ἐπὶ τὸν σταυρόν 11:8. For this, ἐπί τινι (pers.: Ps 7:2; 15:1; 21:5 al.; as v.l. TestJob 37:1 and 5; also ἐπί τινος 37:1; thing: Appian, Maced. 9 §7 ἐπὶ τῷδε=on this account; Ps 12:6; Is 26:8; 42:4) 1 Ti 4:10; 6:17; Ro 15:12 (Is 11:10); B 12:2f.

② to look forward to someth. in view of the measures one takes to ensure fulfillment, expect, w. aor. inf. foll. (Thu. 2, 80, 1; Agathias Hist. 3, 5 p. 243f D.; En 103:11; Philo, Migr. Abr. 195) παρʼ ὧν ἐλπίζετε λαβεῖν from whom you expect to receive again Lk 6:34; cp. 2 Cl 1:2. Ro 15:24; 1 Cor 16:7; Phil 2:19, 23; 1 Ti 3:14; 2J 12; 3J 14; IEph 1:2; IRo 1:1; B 1:3; Hs 8, 9, 4; 8, 11, 2. W. ὅτι foll. (cp. reff. in 1b) Ac 24:26; 2 Cor 1:13; 13:6; Phlm 22; Hs 8, 2, 9. (W. fut. inf. Just., D. 2, 6.) (Besides the mngs. ‘hope, expect’ as positive aspect, Gk. lit. also includes the corresp. neg. aspect ‘foresee, fear, anticipate’, e.g. punishment: Diod S 13, 43, 1 the Aegestaeans, anticipating punishment [ἤλπιζον … τιμωρίαν δώσειν] from the Sicilian Greeks, resolved to withdraw from disputed territory; contempt: Chion, Ep. 9; sorrow: Procop. Soph., Ep. 140; a misfortune: Lucian, Dial. Deor. 25, 1, Gall. 25, end).—DELG s.v. ἔλπομαι. M-M. TW. Spicq.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐλπίζω
97 ἕως

ἕως (Hom.+)

① to denote the end of a period of time, till, until.

ⓐ as conjunction

α. w. the aor. ind. (Lysias 25, 26; Ps.-Demosth. 47, 58; Wsd 10:14; 1 Macc 10:50; Jdth 10:18; En 13:7; 102:10; PsSol 2:26; 4:10; SibOr 5, 528; Ar. 12, 2) ἕως ἐστάθη until it stood still Mt 2:9. ἕως ἦλθεν ὁ κατακλυσμός until the flood came 24:39.—Ac 19:10 D.

β. w. the aor. subj. and, as the rule requires (s. AFuchs, D. Temporalsätze mit d. Konj. ‘bis’ u. ‘so lange als.’ 1902), ἄν (X., An. 5, 1, 11; SIG 966, 11; 1207, 10; PPetr II, 40a, 28; POxy 1124, 7; Gen 24:14; 49:10; Ex 33:22; Lev 22:4 and oft. LXX; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 2 [Stone p. 72]; TestJob 21:2; ParJer 2:3; ApcMos 26 p. 14, 7 Tdf.; Jos., Ant. 13, 400; Just., A I, 45, 1), to denote that the commencement of an event is dependent on circumstances: ἕως ἂν εἴπω σοι until I tell you Mt 2:13.—5:18 (AHoneyman, NTS 1, ’54/55, 141f), 26 (cp. SIG 731, 16ff ἕως ἂν ἀποδῷ); 10:23; 22:44 (Ps 109:1); Mk 6:10; 9:1; 12:36 (Ps 109:1); Lk 20:43 (Ps 109:1); 21:32; Ac 2:35 (Ps 109:1); 1 Cor 4:5; Hb 1:13; B 12:10 (the two last Ps 109:1).—Without ἄν (Soph., Aj. 555, Phil. 764; Polyb. 35, 2, 4; SIG 976, 79; UPZ 18, 10 [II B.C.]; PGrenf II, 38, 16 [I B.C.]; POxy 531, 6; 1125, 15; 1159, 21; Sir 35:17; Tob 14:5 BA; En 10:12, 17; TestSol 15:10; ParJer 5:14; GrBar 11:2; SibOr 5, 217; Just. D. 39, 6): Mt 10:23 v.l.; 18:30; Mk 14:32; Lk 15:4 and 22:34 (both v.l. ἕως οὗ); 2 Th 2:7; Js 5:7; Hb 10:13; Rv 6:11.

γ. w. the pres. ind. (cp. Plut., Lycurg. 29, 3) ἕως ἔρχομαι until I come J 21:22f; 1 Ti 4:13; Hs 5, 2, 2; 9, 10, 5f; cp. 9, 11, 1.

δ. w. the fut. ind. (cp. PHolm 26, 7; Jdth 10:15) in a text-critically doubtful pass. (B-D-F §382, 2; Rob. 971f; 976) ἕως ἥξει ὅτε εἴπητε (ἥξει ὅτε is lacking as v.l.) until (the time) comes when you say Lk 13:35.

ⓑ used as prep. (appears first at the end of the IV cent. B.C. [Schwyzer II 550]) until, up to (Aristot. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; pseudepigr., also SibOr 5, 57; 118)

α. w. gen. of a noun or an equivalent expr. (SIG 588, 64 [196 B.C.] ἕ. τοῦ τ. συνθήκης χρόνου; OGI 90, 16 ἕ. τοῦ πρώτου ἔτους; BGU 1128, 8 [14 B.C.]; oft. LXX; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 23 [Stone p. 54]) ἕ. τῆς ἡμέρας (Jdth 12:14; 1 Esdr 4:55; 1 Macc 13:39) Mt 27:64; Lk 1:80. ἕ. τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης (Jdth 1:15) Mt 26:29; Mk 14:25. ἕ. τ. ἡμ. ταύτης (4 Km 17:23; 1 Macc 8:10; 13:30; 1 Esdr 8:73; Bar 1:13; ApcMos 13 p. 7, 1 Tdf.) 1 Cl 11:2. ἕ. ὥρας ἐνάτης Mk 15:33; Lk 23:44. ἕ. τῆς πεντηκοστῆς 1 Cor 16:8. ἕ. τῆς σήμερον (sc. ἡμέρας) Mt 27:8 (Just., D. 134, 5). ἕ. τέλους until the end 1 Cor 1:8 (JosAs 12:3); ἕ. αἰῶνος forever (1 Ch 17:16; Sir 24:9; 44:13; Jdth 13:19; 1 Esdr 8:82; PsSol 18:11; TestJob 34:4) Hv 2, 3, 3. Of someone’s age or a period of life ἕ. ἐτῶν ὀγδοήκοντα τεσσάρων until the age of 84, prob.= until she was now 84 years old (so Goodsp., Probs. 79–81) Lk 2:37 (cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 181). Used w. proper names (Polyb. 2, 41, 5; Diod S 1, 50, 6) ἕ. Ἰωάννου up to the time of John Mt 11:13. ἕ. Σαμουήλ Ac 13:20. In such cases, as well as in others, ἕ. often looks back to a preceding ἀπό: from … to (Bar 1:19; 1 Esdr 8:73; Sir 40:1; 1 Macc 16:2; 3 Macc 6:38 al.; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 18 Jac.): ἀπὸ Ἀβραὰμ ἕ. Δαυίδ Mt 1:17a. ἀπὸ τ. βαπτίσματος Ἰωάννου ἕ. τῆς ἡμέρας Ac 1:22. ἀπὸ τ. ἕκτης ὥρας ἕ. ὥρας ἐνάτης Mt 27:45 (cp. SIG 736, 109 [92 B.C.] ἀπὸ τετάρτας ὥρας ἕ. ἑβδόμας; 1 Esdr 9:41). ἀπὸ πρωὶ̈ ἕ. ἑσπέρας Ac 28:23 (cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 364).—ἕ. τοῦ νῦν until now (Ps.-Lucian, Halc. 4; SIG 705, 44f [112 B.C.]; UPZ 122 [157 B.C.]; Gen 15:16; 18:12; Num 14:19; 1 Macc 2:33) after ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς Mt 24:21; Mk 13:19 (cp. BGU 1197, 8 [4 B.C.] ἕως τ. νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐννεακαιδεκάτου ἔτους Καίσαρος; Ezk 4:14). ἀπὸ Δαυὶδ ἕ. τ. μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος to the Babylonian exile Mt 1:17b.—As here, a historical event forms the boundary (cp. 1 Esdr 5:71; ParJer 3:11) in ἕ. τ. τελευτῆς Ἡρῴδου 2:15.—W. the articular inf. (on the acc. with it s. B-D-F §406, 3) ἕ. τοῦ ἐλθεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς Καισάρειαν until he came to Caesarea Ac 8:40 (s. SIG 588, 93f; Gen 24:33; 28:15; 1 Macc 3:33; 5:19; Polyb., Joseph. [B-D-F §403]); but s. also 3a below.

β. w. gen. of the relative pron. (οὗ or ὅτου) in the neut.

א. ἕ. οὗ until (Hdt. 2, 143; Plut. et al.; LXX; En; TestAbr; TestJob 24:4; in local mng. SIG 495, 101) w. aor. ind. (Judg 3:30; 4:24 B; 4 Km 17:20; Tob 1:21; 2:4, 10; Jdth 10:10; 15:5; JosAs 10:2, 19; Jos., Ant. 10, 134) Mt 1:25; 13:33; Lk 13:21; Ac 21:26. W. aor. subj. (BGU 1209, 8 [23 B.C.]; PRyl 229, 14 [38 A.D.]; Judg 5:7 B; Ps 71:7; Jdth 6:5, 8; TestAbr B 2 p. 107, 3 [Stone p. 62]; ParJer 9:3; GrBar 13:5; ApcMos 31 p. 17, 10 Tdf.) Mt 18:34; Lk 15:4 v.l., 8; 22:18; 24:49; Ac 25:21; 2 Pt 1:19. After neg.=until, before Mt 17:9; J 13:38; Ac 23:12, 14, 21.

ב. ἕ. ὅτου until w. aor. ind. (Diod S 19, 108, 3; 3 Km 10:7; 11:16; Da 2:34; 7:4) J 9:18. W. aor. subj. (POxy 1061, 16 [22 B.C.]; 1 Km 22:3; 2 Esdr 14:5) Lk 12:50; 13:8; 15:8 v.l.; 22:16, 18 v.l.

γ. w. adv. of time (JosAs 10:17 ἕ. πρωί̈; Ath. 22, 6 ἕ. νῦν) ἕ. ἄρτι until now (s. ἄρτι 3), Mt 11:12; J 2:10; 5:17; 16:24; 1J 2:9; 1 Cor 4:13; 8:7; 15:6. ἕ. σήμερον (Sir 47:7) 2 Cor 3:15. ἕ. πότε; how long? (Ps 12:2, 3; 2 Km 2:26; 1 Macc 6:22; ApcSed 12:1f) Mt 17:17ab; Mk 9:19ab; Lk 9:41; J 10:24; Rv 6:10.

② to denote contemporaneousness, as long as, while

ⓐ conj. w. ind. (Hom.+; Jdth 5:17) in our lit. only the pres. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 53 §218 ἕως χειμάζουσιν and ibid. ἕως Πομπήιος ἡγεῖται=while Pompey imagines; Jos., Bell. 7, 347; Just., D. 4, 4 ἕ. ἐν τῷ σώματί ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή) ἕ. ἡμέρα ἐστίν while it is day J 9:4 (v.l. ὡς. On this interchange s. LRadermacher, Philol. 60, 1901, 495f; B-D-F §455, 3); 12:35f v.l.; ἕ. αὐτὸς ἀπολύει τ. ὄχλον while he himself dismissed the crowd Mk 6:45. ἕ. ὑπάγουσιν while they were on their way Mt 25:10 D; ἕ. ἔτι ἔχομεν while we still have 2 Cl 16:1 (cp. Pla., Phd. 89c ἕ. ἔτι φῶς ἐστιν, Parmen. 135d ἕ. ἔτι νέος εἶ; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 32 §127 ἕως ἔτι δύνασαι; PEleph 14, 24 [223 B.C.]; Sir 33:21 ἕως ἔτι ζῇς).

ⓑ conj. w. subjunctive (PTebt 6, 42 [140 B.C.] ἕως … μένωσι; Dio Chrys. 27 [44], 5 ἕως ἂν … φέρῃ=‘as long as’; Appian, Numid. 4 §2) Mk 14:32; Lk 17:8.

ⓒ in a few cases ἕως also has this sense when functioning as prep. with the gen. of the rel. pronoun in the neut. while ἕ. οὗ (Jos., Ant. 3, 279 [ἔχουσι]) w. subj. Mt 14:22; 26:36 (but s. Burton, MT §325 and Zwaan §314).—ἕ. ὅτου (SSol 1:12) w. ind. Mt 5:25.

③ marker of limit reached, as far as, to, funct. as prep.

ⓐ w. gen. of place as far as, to (Polyb. 3, 76, 2; Diod S 1, 27, 5; SIG 588, 32 [196 B.C.] ἕ. θαλάσσης; 1231, 12 ἀπὸ … ἕως; PTebt 33, 5 [112 B.C.]; LXX; En 21:1; 22:6; PsSol 15:10; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 12f [Stone p. 12]; TestJob 20:6; GrBar 2:5; 11:8; JosAs 16:14; Jos., Bell. 1, 512; Mel., HE 4, 26, 14 ἕ. τοῦ τόπου …, ἔνθα) ἕ. Φοινίκης Ac 11:19. ἕ. Ἀντιοχείας vs. 22; ἕ. Βηθλεέμ Lk 2:15. ἕ. οὐρανοῦ, ᾅδου Mt 11:23; Lk 10:15 (ApcEsdr 4:32 p. 29, 8 Tdf.). ἕ. τῆς αὐλῆς Mt 26:58; cp. Lk 4:29. ἕ. ἐσχάτου τ. γῆς (Is 48:20; 62:11; 1 Macc 3:9; PsSol 1:4) Ac 1:8. ἕ. τρίτου οὐρανοῦ 2 Cor 12:2 (ApcSed 2:4). ἀπὸ … ἕ.: ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν ἕ. δυσμῶν Mt 24:27. ἀπʼ ἄκρων οὐρανῶν ἕ. ἄκρων αὐτῶν vs. 31 (cp. Dt 30:4). ἀπʼ ἄκρου γῆς ἕ. ἄκρου οὐρανοῦ Mk 13:27 (cp. Jdth 11:21).—Also w. gen. of a pers., who is in a certain place (Aelian, VH 3, 18 ἕ. Ὑπερβορέων; 4 Km 4:22; 1 Macc 3:26) ἦλθον ἕ. αὐτοῦ Lk 4:42. διελθεῖν ἕ. ἡμῶν Ac 9:38. Prob. Ac 8:40 also belongs here (s. above 1bα end); then a pass. like Gen 10:19 would be comparable.

ⓑ w. adv. of place (LXX) ἕ. ἄνω (2 Ch 26:8) to the brim J 2:7. ἕ. ἔσω right into Mk 14:54. ἕ. κάτω (Ezk 1:27; 8:2 looking back to ἀπό) ἀπʼ ἄνωθεν ἕ. κάτω fr. top to bottom Mt 27:51; Mk 15:38 (cp. ἀπὸ ἔσω ἕω ἔξω TestSol 18:15 P). ἕ. ὧδε (Gen 22:5; 2 Km 20:16; 3 Km 18:45; Ar. 17, 1) ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τ. Γαλιλαίας ἕ. ὧδε Lk 23:5.

ⓒ w. a prep. or another adv. ἕ. πρός (Polyb. 3, 82, 6; 12, 17, 4; Gen 38:1; Ezk 48:1) ἕ. πρὸς Βηθανίαν as far as B. Lk 24:50 (for the v.l. ἕ. εἰς Β. cp. Polyb. 1, 11, 14; Diod S 1, 27, 5; Aelian, VH 12, 22; Dt 31:24; 4 Km 2:6; PsSol 2:5; Jos., Ant. 16, 90). ἕ. καὶ εἰς even into Ac 26:11. ἕ. ἔξω τῆς πόλεως 21:5. ἕ. ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν Ac 17:14 (cp. 1 Macc 5:29; 3 Macc 7:18 A; PsSol 17:12; ἕ. ἐπὶ πολύ TestSol 7:2).

④ marker of order in a series, up to ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἕ. πρώτων Mt 20:8. ὁ δεύτερος καὶ ὁ τρίτος ἕ. τῶν ἑπτά 22:26. ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕ. μεγάλου small and great (Bar 1:4; 1 Macc 5:45; Jdth 13:4) Ac 8:10; Hb 8:11 (Jer 38:34).—J 8:9 v.l.

⑤ marker of degree and measure, denoting the upper limit, to the point of ἕ. ἑπτάκις (4 Km 4:35; cp. TestSol 5:8 ἕ. ἑπτά; ApcSed 16:4 ἕ. εἴκοσι) as many as seven times Mt 18:21f; cp. vs. 22. ἕ. ἡμίσους τῆς βασιλείας μου (Esth 5:3; 7:2) Mk 6:23. οὐκ ἔστιν ἕ. ἑνός (cp. PTebt 56, 7 [II B.C.] οὐκ ἔχομεν ἕ. τῆς τροφῆς τῶν κτηνῶν ἡμῶν=‘we do not even have enough to feed our cattle’; Leontios, Vi. Joh. [ed. HGelzer 1893] 66, 21ff οὐ … ἕως ἑνὸς νομίσματος=‘not even a single coin’; cp. PRossGeorg III, 3, 22 ἕως δραχμῶν ἕκατον) there is not even one Ro 3:12 (Ps 13:3). ἐᾶτε ἕ. τούτου stop! No more of this Lk 22:51 (ἕ. τούτου=‘to this point’ Aristot., HA 9, 46; Polyb. 9, 36, 1; cp. 2 Km 7:18). ἕ. θανάτου unto death (Antig. Car. 16; Sir 34:12; 51:6; 4 Macc 14:19; JosAs 29:3): contend (Sir 4:28; cp. OGI 266, 29 [III B.C.] μαχοῦμαι ἕως ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου) 1 Cl 5:2. περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου ἕ. θανάτου Mt 26:38; Mk 14:34 (cp. Jon 4:9 σφόδρα λελύπημαι ἐγὼ ἕ. θανάτου).—DELG s.v. 2 ἕω. EDNT. New Docs 4, 154. M-M.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἕως
98 ὅπως

ὅπως (Hom.+)

① as adv. marker of the manner in which an event develops, how, that (B-D-F §300, 1; Rob. 985) w. the aor. ind. (Jos., Bell. 1, 6; 17) ὅπως τε παρέδωκαν αὐτὸν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς Lk 24:20; w. the pres. ind. (Pherecrates Com. [V B.C.], Fgm. 45 K.; Tat. 22, 2 ὅπως δεῖ μοιχεύειν) ὅπως κολάζονται 2 Cl 17:7. But here the mng. of ὅπως prob. shows a development analogous to that of πῶς in colloq. usage, which comes to resemble ὡς (so Lk 24:20 D)= ὅτι= that (X., Hier. 9, 1; Diod S 11, 46, 3; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 6, 2; BGU 846, 16 [II A.D.] γνοῦναι, ὅπως ὀφείλω=‘to know that I owe’; Dssm., LO 155, 26 [LAE 179, 28]; B-D-F §396; s. Rob. 1045).

② as a conj. marker expressing purpose for an event or state, (in order) that w. the subj. (the transition fr. 1 to 2 is observable SIG 741, 23), predom. the aor. (the fut. ind. [as early as Homer; freq. in V B.C. and later: Andocides 1, 43; Demosth. 19, 316; Herodas 7, 90; s. Meisterhans³-Schw. 255, 32; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 16 p. 398, 5 Jac.; Hero Alex. I 368, 23 ὅπ. κινήσει; TestAbr B 1 p. 105, 4=Stone p. 58; TestJob 18:2; Jos., Ant. 11, 101] is given in several places as v.l. [e.g. Mt 26:59], but prob. should be changed everywhere to the aor. subj.).

ⓐ with numerous types of verbs (in order) that, neg. ὅπ. μή in order that … not (B-D-F §369; Rob. 985–87).

α. without ἄν (this is the rule) after a pres. (ApcSed 16:2; Ar. 9:6; Just., A I, 47, 6 al.) Mt 5:45 (impv.); 6:2, 5; Hb 9:15; 1 Pt 2:9; 2 Cl 9:6. After a perf. Ac 9:17; Hb 2:9; Lk 16:26 (w. μή). After the impf. Ac 9:24. After the aor. vss. 2, 12; 20:16 (w. μή); 25:26; Ro 9:17ab (Ex 9:16); 1 Cor 1:29 (w. μή); Gal 1:4; 1 Cl 10:2; 35:4; after the aor. impv. (TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 12 [Stone p. 82]; TestReub 1:4; JosAs 24:5; after the aor. ptc. Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 1 Jac.) Mt 2:8; 5:16; 6:4, 18 (w. μή); Ac 23:15, 23; 2 Cor 8:11 (here γένηται or ᾖ is to be supplied as the predicate of the ὅπως-clause); GJs 21:2 codd.; AcPlCor 2:16. After the plpf. J 11:57 (ὅπως is found only here in J, prob. for variety’s sake, since ἵνα is used a few words before). After the fut. Mt 23:35. In accord w. God’s purpose as revealed in Scripture, an event can be presented w. the formula (this or that has happened) ὅπ. πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τ. προφητῶν (and sim. exprs.) Mt 2:23; 8:17; 12:17 v.l.; 13:35.—Alternating w. ἵνα (s. also J 11:57 above) 2 Cor 8:14; Lk 16:27f (the ἵνα-clause gives the content of the plea; the ὅπως-clause gives the purpose of the gift requested; so also Ex 23:20; TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 10 [Stone p. 76]; ApcMos 29; Just., D. 108, 1); 2 Th 1:11f (the ἵνα-clause gives the content, the ὅπως-clause the purpose of the prayer).

β. with ἄν and the aor. subj. (B-D-F §369, 5; Rdm.² 194; Rob. 986; EHermann, Die Nebensätze in d. griech. Dialekten 1912, 276f; JKnuenz, De enuntiatis Graecorum finalibus 1913, 13ff; 26ff; Meisterhans³-Schw. 254; Mayser II/1 p. 254 f.—X., Cyr. 8, 3, 6 ἐπιμεληθῆναι ὅπως ἂν οὕτω γένηται; Pla., Gorg. 523d; PSI 435, 19 [258 B.C.]; 438, 19; PMagd 23, 7; LXX) Mt 6:5 v.l.; Lk 2:35; Ac 3:20; 15:17 (Am 9:12 v.l.); Ro 3:4 (Ps 50:6).

ⓑ more and more replacing the inf. after verbs of asking that (B-D-F §392, 1) αἰτέομαι (Jos., Ant. 19, 288) Ac 25:3. δέομαι (Ps.-Aeschines, Ep. 3, 1; Par Jer 7, 24; 32; ApcMos 9 al.; Jos., Ant. 7, 191; 9, 9) Mt 9:38; Lk 10:2; Ac 8:24 (w. μή). ἐρωτάω (PTebt 409, 4 ff [5 A.D.]) Lk 7:3; 11:37; Ac 23:20. παρακαλέω (Jos., Ant. 8, 143) Mt 8:34 (v.l. ἵνα). προσεύχομαι or εὔχομαι (cp. PGM 3, 107; Jon 1:6; Jos., Ant. 11, 17) Ac 8:15; Js 5:16. So perh. also Phlm 6, where ὅπ. could be thought of as depending on προσεύχομαι derived in sense fr. vs. 4, unless ὅπως here=ὥστε (Archimed. I p. 16, 18 Heiberg ὅπως γένηται τὸ ἐπίταγμα al.).—Likew. after verbs of deciding (LXX) συμβούλιον λαμβάνειν ὅπ. resolve to Mt 12:14; 22:15 (D πῶς), where many scholars prefer the transl. consult with a view to. Also συμβούλιον διδόναι ὅπ. Mk 3:6.—DELG s.v. πο-. M-M.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὅπως
99 Г-228

HE УКЛАДЫВАЕТСЯ (HE УМЕЩАЕТСЯ rare) В ГОЛОВЕ (чьей, у кого) (В СОЗНАНИИ (чьём, у кого)) VP
1. ( subj: a clause, это, or abstr. ( usu. мысль о том, что...)
if subj is a clause, it usu. follows the idiom usu. impfv pres or past affirm with the opposite meaning is rare) ( sth. is) unacceptable, incomprehensible (used to express s.o. 's inability to understand the logic of sth., unwillingness to accept some fact as true etc)
X не укладывается у Y-a в голове = X is beyond Y

YS comprehension)
Y cannot fathom
understand, comprehend) X
Y finds it difficult to accept X (in limited contexts) Y just (simply) cannot believe X.
...Одно только никак не укладывалось у Лёши в голове -зачем отцу нужно было выводить из строя эту самую печь? Неужели он думал, что вместе с этой печью рухнет все советское государство? (Войнович 2)... There was just one thing Lyosha found difficult to accept-why had his father wanted to put that particular furnace out of commission? Could he really have thought the loss of this one furnace would cause the entire Soviet state to collapse? (2a).

(author's usage) В Калинине я прожила до самой эвакуации, почти два года, и никто меня не тронул, хотя в моем деле лежал неиспользованный ордер на мой арест... В ее (Татьяны Васильевны) голове не могло уложиться, что «они» (чекисты) хотели кого-то взять и не взяли, потому что не нашли... (Мандельштам 1). I lived in Kalinin nearly two years-right till the evacuation after the war broke out—and I was left alone, even though the warrant for my arrest must still have been lying, unused, in my file....She (Tatiana Vasilievna) just could not believe that "they" (the Chekists) would ever fail to arrest anyone they were after, and that I had escaped because I had not been there when they came (1a).

2. coll
subj: это, often omitted neg impfv only used as Interj) used to express indignation, incredulity, incomprehension etc
it's (that's) beyond me (my comprehension)!
it's (that's) beyond belief! it's (that's) incredible (unbelievable, unthinkable, outrageous)!
«Это не укладывается в голове! - воскликнула Лена, изумленно вертя в руках газету. - Это чёрным по белому и всерьез... После всех... философий, великих наук и литератур открыто наконец, что чрезмерное образование - зло» (Кузнецов 1). "It's incredible!" Lena exclaimed, bewildered, twisting the newspaper in her hands. "Here it is in black and white, in all seriousness. After..all the philosophers, the great scientists and writers, it is finally discovered that too much education is an evil" (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Г-228
100 Д-78

ДЕЛО В TOM... ( Invar main clause (with бытье) in a complex sent pres or past often foil. by a что-clause) the essence of the matter, the most important factor is as follows
the point (the thing) is
the fact (of the matter) is (in limited contexts) the trouble is what matters is
ii Neg дело не в том... - ift not a question of... Дело в том, что ожидаемая критика центральной газеты не повторилась (Искандер 4). The point is that the central newspaper did not, as expected, repeat its critique (4a).

Ученик такой-то, позвольте мне, автору, снова прервать ваше повествование. Дело в том, что книгу пора заканчивать: у меня вышла бумага (Соколов 1). Student so-and-so, allow me, the author, to interrupt your narrative again. The thing is that it's time to end the book: I'm out of paper (1a).

Вы где учились?» Тут приходится открыть маленькую тайну. Дело в том, что я окончил в университете два факультета и скрывал это (Булгаков 12). "Where did you study?" Неге I must reveal a little secret. The fact is that I graduated from two faculties at the university, but I would not admit to it (12a).

Почему же все эти противоречивые чувства, свойственные нормальным людям, когда они собираются жениться, выражает не лицо Аслана... а именно лицо дяди Сандро, столь решительного во всех случаях жизни? Дело в том, что дядя Сандро влюблён в невесту своего друга, и она, судя по всему, тоже в него влюблена (Искандер 5)....Why are all these contradictory feelings, which are characteristic of normal men when they are about to get married, expressed not on Asian's face...but on that of Uncle Sandro, who is so resolute under all of life's circumstances? The trouble is that Uncle Sandro is in love with his friend's bride, and by all indications she is in love with him too (5a).

Дело... не в том, плохое или хорошее право. Дело в том, есть или нет какое-то право вообще (Зиновьев 1). "What matters...is not whether a law is bad or good. What matters is whether or not the law exists" (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Д-78

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Negación (gramática) — La negación es un elemento lingüístico que sirve para negar un elemento oracional o una oración entera mediante un sema lexicalizado, una palabra, normalmente adverbio o una locución. El hecho de negar implica la expresión de la no existencia de… … Wikipedia Español
si — 1. si [ si ] conj. et n. m. inv. • 842; lat. si REM. Si devient s devant il, ils. I ♦ SI, hypothétique. Introduit soit une condition (à laquelle correspond une conséquence dans la principale), soit une simple supposition ou éventualité. ⇒ 1. cas… … Encyclopédie Universelle
SI — 1. si [ si ] conj. et n. m. inv. • 842; lat. si REM. Si devient s devant il, ils. I ♦ SI, hypothétique. Introduit soit une condition (à laquelle correspond une conséquence dans la principale), soit une simple supposition ou éventualité. ⇒ 1. cas… … Encyclopédie Universelle
pas — 1. pas [ pa ] n. m. • 1080; en pas que « aussitôt que » 980; lat. passus I ♦ UN, DES PAS. 1 ♦ (1080) Action de faire passer l appui du corps d un pied à l autre, dans la marche. Faire un pas en avant, en arrière (⇒ recul) , sur le côté. Avancer,… … Encyclopédie Universelle
rien — [ rjɛ̃ ] pron. indéf., n. m. et adv. • 1050 n. f. « chose » encore au XVIe; 980 ren non « nulle chose »; du lat. rem, accus. de res « chose » → réel REM. Rien (objet direct) se place normalement devant le p. p. des v. aux temps comp. et devant l… … Encyclopédie Universelle
savoir — 1. savoir [ savwar ] v. tr. <conjug. : 32> • fin XIIe; saveir 980; savir 842; lat. pop. °sapere (e long), class. sapere (e bref) « goûter, connaître » I ♦ Appréhender par l esprit. A ♦ 1 ♦ Avoir présent à l esprit (un objet de pensée qu on… … Encyclopédie Universelle
pour — [ pur ] prép. et n. m. inv. • por Xe; pro 842; lat. pop. por, class. pro « devant » I ♦ (Marquant l idée d échange, d équivalence, de correspondance, de réciprocité) 1 ♦ En échange de; à la place de. Acheter, acquérir, vendre qqch. pour telle… … Encyclopédie Universelle
vouloir — 1. vouloir [ vulwar ] v. tr. <conjug. : 31> • XIIe; voleir Xe; lat. pop. °volere, sur le rad. de certaines formes du lat. class. velle I ♦ Avoir une volonté, une intention, un désir. A ♦ (Suivi de l inf., d une complétive ou d un pron.) 1 ♦ … Encyclopédie Universelle
a — acar·a·pis; ac·a·ri·a·sis; ac·a·ri·a·sis; ac·a·ri·na; ac·a·ri·nar·i·um; ac·a·rine; ac·a·ri·nol·o·gy; ac·a·ri·no·sis; ac·a·ro·ce·cid·i·um; ac·a·roid; ac·a·rol·o·gist; ac·a·rol·o·gy; ac·a·ro·pho·bia; ac·a·rus; acat·a·lep·sy; acat·a·lex·is;… … English syllables
Méthode des tableaux — Représentation graphique d un tableau propositionnel partiellement construit En théorie de la démonstration, les tableaux sémantiques sont une méthode de résolution du problème de la décision pour le calcul des propositions et les logiques… … Wikipédia en Français
tout — [ tu ] ; toute [ tut ] ; tous [ tu ] (adj.), [ tus ] (pron.) ; toutes [ tut ] adj., pron., adv. et n. • Xe; bas lat. tottus, forme expressive de totus « tout entier, intégral » I ♦ Adj. A ♦ (fin … Encyclopédie Universelle

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