-
1 ÞJÓÐ
(pl. -ir), f. people, nation (allar þjóðir ok tungur); þjóð eru þrír tigir, thirty make a ‘þjóð’; þjóð veit, ef þrir ‘ro, what three know, all the world (soon) knows.* * *f., dat. þjóðu, so always in old writers, mod. þjóð; [Ulf. renders ἔθνος by þjuda; A. S. þeôd; Hel. þiôd; O. H. G. diot]:—a people, a nation; þessar þjóðir er svá heita, Rusci, Polavi, Fms. i. 142; þú spenr allar þjóðir frá blótum, 623. 25; heiðnar þjóðir, heathen people, 625. 170, Post. 293, N. T.; öll Kristileg þjóð, N. G. L. ii. 22; Tyrkir, ok Blökumenn, ok mörg önnur íll þjóð, Fb. ii. 126; með mikinn her ok marga ílla þjóð, 127; með öllum þjóðinn, Stj. 67; vísaðu þeir mörgum þjóðum á réttan veg, Barl. 29; allar þjóðir þjóna yðru valdi, Róm. 117; af öllum þjóðum ok tungum, 119; hinn sjúki svaraði á þá tungu, sem hann hefði með þeirri þjóðu fæddr verit, Pr. 458; allar skepnur … allar þjóðir, 461; þjóð veit ef þrír’ro, a saying, Hm, 6l; þjóð eru þrír tigir, thirty make a þjóð, Edda. 108; allri þjóðu, Ýt.; heldr er honum þægr í hverri þjóðu ( among any people), sá er á hann trúir, Post. (Unger) 290; hann er lofaðr af allri þjóðu Gyðinga, id.; mikla þjóð, a mighty people, Stj. 116; suðr-þjóðir, the southerners, Akv.: Lat. turma is rendered by þjóð, Róm. 269; fira þjóð, a community of men, Lex. Poët.; þyrja þjóð yfir, Skm.: in compds, sal-þjóð, household, Vkv.; sigr-þjóð, Hkv.; al-þjóð, all people, Ad.; ver-þjóð or yr-þjóð, q. v.2. like ‘lög’ and ‘þing,’ þjóð may assume a local sense, thus, Sví-þjóð = Sweden; Goð-þjóð = the Goth. Gut-þjuda, Gg.II. in olden times þjóð- in composition (like A. S. þeod) was intensive = great, powerful, very; but in quite modern times (the last 30–40 years) a whole crop of compds with þjóð- has been formed to express the sense of national; þjóð-réttr, þjóð-frelsi, þjóð-réttindi, þjóð-vili, þjóð-vinr, national rights, freedom, etc.; as also þjóð-ligr, national, popular, liberal; ó-þjóðligr, illiberal, unpopular; but all such phrases sound foreign, and are not vernacular.III. pr. names; Þjóð-arr; Þjóð-ólfr; Þjóð-rekr (= Germ. Diet-rich); Þjóð-hildr, Landn.; Þjóð-marr, Germ. Dit-mar, Sæm.B. Goth. þjuþ, = το ἀγαθόν, occurs only in a compounded form; ó-þjóð, bad people, Vellekla; óþjóða-lýðr, tramps and refuse, Dan. utyske; cp. Goth. unþjuþs = κακόν. In many compds it is difficult to say whether the primitive is þjuda or þjuþ; in words like þjóð-á, -drengr, -góðr, -glaðr, -hagi, -skáld, -skati, -mart, -niðr, -lygi, -vel, we prefer the latter.
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