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101 memory
1) памятьа) вчт. запоминающее устройство, ЗУб) вчт. совокупность физических и или эмулируемых элементов, используемых в качестве запоминающего устройства2) запоминание3) фтт. память формы•- adaptive bidirectional associative memory
- alterable memory
- annex memory
- antishock memory
- arm-position memory
- associative memory
- aural memory
- auxiliary memory
- available memory
- available user memory
- back-up memory
- base memory
- bidirectional associative memory
- biopolymer memory
- bipolar read-only memory
- bipolar-transistor memory
- bit-mapped memory
- bit-oriented memory
- boot flash memory
- bootstrap memory
- bubble memory
- bubble-lattice memory
- buffer memory
- bulk memory
- burst extended data output dynamic random-access memory
- byte addressable memory
- cache memory
- cached dynamic random access memory
- cached memory
- cached video random access memory
- card memory
- cassette memory
- charge-coupled device memory
- charge-transfer device memory
- CMOS memory
- command-chained memory
- compact disk read-only memory extended architecture mode 1
- compact disk read-only memory extended architecture mode 2
- compact disk read-only memory extended architecture
- compact disk read-only memory
- conception memory
- concurrent Rambus dynamic random access memory
- content-addressable memory
- continuously charge-coupled random-access memory
- control read-only memory
- conventional memory
- core memory
- counter memory
- cross-tie memory
- cryogenic continuous film memory
- current-access magnetic bubble memory
- cylindrical-domain memory
- data flash memory
- declarative memory
- demand-paged virtual memory
- destructive-readout memory
- digital versatile disk random access memory
- digital versatile disk read-only memory
- direct memory
- direct Rambus dynamic random access memory
- discrete bidirectional associative memory
- disk memory
- domain memory
- domain-tip memory
- domain-type propagation memory
- double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
- DRO memory
- dual-ported video memory
- dynamic memory
- dynamic random access memory
- EDAC memory
- electrically alterable read-only memory
- electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
- electrically erasable read-only memory
- electron-beam memory
- electron-beam-accessed memory
- electronically addressable memory
- emotional memory
- enhanced dynamic random access memory
- enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory memory
- episodic memory
- erasable memory
- erasable programmable read-only memory
- error correcting memory
- error detection and correction memory
- expanded memory
- explicit memory
- extended architecture ready compact disk read-only memory
- extended conventional memory
- extended data output dynamic random access memory
- extended data output video random access memory
- extended memory
- external memory
- eye memory
- factory-programmable read-only memory
- fast memory
- fast page mode dynamic random-access memory
- ferric random-access memory
- ferrite-core memory
- ferrite-sheet memory
- ferroelectric random access memory
- field-programmable read-only memory
- file memory
- fixed memory
- flash memory
- flashbulb memory
- fluorescent disk read-only memory
- free memory
- fusible-link programmable read-only memory
- fuzzy associative memory
- genetic memory
- giant-magnetoresistance random-access memory
- high memory
- image memory
- immediate access memory
- immediate memory
- implicit memory
- installed memory
- internal memory
- intrinsic memory
- involuntary memory
- Josephson memory
- keyed-access erasable programmable read-only memory
- line-addressable random-access memory
- linear associative memory
- local memory
- logical memory
- long-term memory
- low-temperature memory
- magnetic random access memory
- magnetic thin-film memory
- magnetic tunnel junction random-access memory
- magnetoelectronic memory
- main memory
- mask-programmable read-only memory
- matrix-readout memory
- mechanical memory
- mercury memory
- metal-oxide-semiconductor electrically-alterable read-only memory
- microprogram memory
- motor memory
- multibank dynamic random access memory
- N-level memory
- nonvolatile memory
- nonvolatile random-access memory
- off-chip memory
- on-chip memory
- one-level memory
- optimal linear associative memory
- ovonic memory
- paged memory
- paging memory
- parameter random-access memory
- permanent memory
- permanently allocated memory
- personality electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
- personality erasable programmable read-only memory
- photochromic memory
- physical memory
- piggyback-twistor semipermanent memory
- planar bubble memory
- plated-wire memory
- Pockels readout optical memory
- primary memory
- procedural memory
- processor information read-only memory
- program flash memory
- programmable memory
- programmable read-only memory
- prolonged memory
- protein memory
- push-down memory
- Rambus dynamic random access memory
- random access memory
- read/write memory
- read-only memory
- refresh memory
- repertory memory
- reprogrammable read-only memory
- reserve memory
- reserved memory
- rotating memory
- scratch-pad memory
- screen memory
- search memory
- segmented bubble memory
- sensory memory
- sequential access memory
- sequential memory
- shadow memory
- shadow random access memory
- shadow read-only memory
- shallow memory
- shared memory
- short-term memory
- single-ported video memory
- slow memory
- sparse distributed associative memory
- stack memory
- standard dynamic random-access memory
- static memory
- static random access memory
- superhigh-speed memory
- synchronous active memory
- synchronous dynamic random access memory
- synchronous graphics random access memory
- synchronous video random access memory
- system management random access memory
- system memory
- temporal associative memory
- total memory under 1 MB
- total memory
- tse flip-flop memory
- twin-bank memory
- ultra-violet erasable programmable read-only memory
- upper memory
- used memory
- verbal memory
- vertical Bloch-line memory
- video disk memory
- video memory
- video random access memory
- virtual channel memory synchronous dynamic random access memory
- virtual memory
- visual memory
- volatile memory
- wagon memory
- window random access memory
- word-organized memory
- working memory
- write-only memoryThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > memory
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102 механическая целостность
Механическая целостность (конструкции)As a control, a full speed run preceded the test of each new configuration to verify the mechanical integrity of the compressor.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > механическая целостность
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103 с целью контроля
С целью контроля-- As a control, a low-pressure full speed run preceded the test of each new configuration to verify the mechanical integrity of the compressor.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > с целью контроля
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104 loss
1) потеря; потери2) убыток3) мет. угар4) износ•- bearing loss
- burn-off loss
- burn-out loss
- churning loss
- diameter loss
- disk friction losses
- eddy-current loss
- edge losses
- end losses
- energy loss
- engagement loss
- fluid loss
- friction loss
- frictional loss
- grip loss
- hunting loss
- hydraulic losses
- information loss
- insertion loss
- local losses
- loss of accuracy
- loss of air supply
- loss of capacity
- loss of contact
- loss of control
- loss of head
- loss of pressure
- loss of sensitivity
- loss of speed
- loss of stability
- loss of tightness
- measured loss
- mechanical losses
- on-state energy loss
- power loss
- pressure loss
- profile losses
- relative loss
- relaxation loss
- scrap loss
- shock losses
- signal loss
- size loss
- total loss
- transmission loss
- turn-off energy loss
- turn-on energy loss
- ventilation losses
- volume losses
- windage lossEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > loss
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105 operation
1) операция, технологическая операция; переход, технологический переход2) работа; действие3) эксплуатация6) управление ( оборудованием)•in operation — в работе; в действии
in one operation — за одну операцию; с одного установа ( на станок)
- acceptable operationto come into operation — вступать в работу; входить в действие
- accidental operation
- adaptive operation
- AMT operations
- assembly operation
- at-a-glance operation
- attendant operation
- auto lathe operation
- automatic cycle operation
- back-face operation
- batch operation
- benching operations
- bidirectional random select operation
- bidirectional skip operation
- blanking operation
- Boolean operation
- bore operation
- bulk metal removal operation
- carbide operation
- cavity dumped operation
- CCS operation
- cell-style operation
- checking operation
- chipmaking operation
- chucking operation
- clearing operation
- CNC operation
- CNC-mode operation
- coded operation
- computer operation
- concurrent operation
- conditional branch operation
- constrained current operation
- continuous machining operation
- continuous operation
- continuous wave laser operation
- continuous wave operation
- control operation
- counting operation
- creep feed operation
- critical tolerance operation
- cross-slide operation
- cross-working operation
- cubing operation
- cutting operation
- cyclic operation
- degraded-mode operation
- die operations
- directional operation
- DNC operation
- do-nothing operation
- downstream operation
- dressing operation
- drill operation
- drilling operation
- drop operation
- dual operation
- dual-system operation
- dummy operation
- EDM operation
- emergency operation
- end milling operation
- end operations
- English/metric operations
- erroneous operation
- error-corrective operation
- extended operations
- extended untended operation
- facing operation
- failsafe operation
- fail-soft operation
- fault-free operation
- finish operation
- finish-turning operation
- five-axis operation
- fixed cycle operation
- flexible operation
- floor-to-floor operation
- follower operation
- form milling contour operation
- forming operation
- four quadrant operation
- free current operation
- gang milling operation
- giant-pulse operation
- GO TO operation
- grinding operation
- grouped operation
- hand operation
- handling operation
- hands-on operation
- hardware operation
- high-feed operation
- highly repetitive operations
- high-speed operation
- high-temperature operation
- high-torque operation
- high-volume drilling operations
- high-volume operations
- high-volume turning operations
- hole-finishing operation
- hole-making operations
- hot operations
- icon-based operation
- ID operation
- inadvertent operation
- independent operation
- index head operation
- integral robotic and manual operations
- interactive operation
- intermittent operation
- interrelated operations
- irreversible operation
- lathe-facing operation
- lean operation
- lights-out operations
- logical operation
- long production operations
- low-maintenance operation
- low-torque operation
- machining operation
- macro operation
- manned operation
- manual joystick operation
- manual operation
- manufacturing operation
- mass-production operations
- matrix operation
- mechanical operation
- memory operation
- mill operation
- milling operation
- minimally-manned operation
- minimally-tended operation
- missing operation
- mixed metal forming-and-machining operations
- mixed operation
- mode-locking operation
- multifixtured operation
- multihead operation
- multimachine operation
- multimachining operation
- multimode operation
- multiple-pass operation
- multiturning operations
- multiwheel operation
- NC operation
- no-failure operation
- no-load operation
- non personal operation
- non technical personal operation
- noninterruptible operation
- nonloaded operation
- nonproductive operation
- nonturning operation
- normal operation
- OD operation
- off-line prequalifying operation
- off-wire operation
- often-used keyboard operation
- one-button hit operation
- one-step operation
- one-touch manual operation
- on-line operation
- on-load operation
- on-off operation
- open-air operation
- open-circuit operation
- overlapping operations
- parting off operation
- pedal operation
- peripheral operation
- pick-and-place operation
- pilot operation
- plant-floor operations
- point-to-point operation
- postdrill operation
- post-forming operation
- post-machining operations
- power operation
- predrill operation
- premachining operation
- press operation
- privileged operation
- profiling operation
- pulse laser operation
- pulsed operation
- punched tape operation
- Q-switched operation
- qualifying operation
- quiet operation
- read operation
- remanufacturing operations
- remote operation
- repetitive operation
- reworking operation
- roughing operation
- round-the-clock operation
- safe operation
- search operation
- searching operation
- secondary operations
- self-contained operation
- self-correcting operation
- semifinish operation
- sequence-linked operations
- sequential operation
- serial operation
- setting operation
- short-circuit operation
- shuttle operation over several workpieces
- shuttle operation
- single setup operation
- single-block operation
- single-frequency laser operation
- single-handed operation
- single-mode operation
- single-part operations
- single-pass operation
- single-point operation
- slitting operation
- smooth operation
- software operation
- stall/restart operation
- standalone operation
- steady operation
- stopping operation
- straight turning operation
- switch operation
- switchable inch-metric operation
- switching operation
- take operation
- tapeless operation
- teach pendant operation
- tended operation
- three-axis operation
- time-sharing operation
- tooling operation
- toolroom operations
- torquing operation
- transfer operation
- trouble-free operation
- turning operation
- turnkey operations
- turn-round operation
- two-axis operation
- two-frequency laser operation
- two-handed operation
- two-shift operation
- two-sided operation
- two-step operation
- unattended operation
- unconditional branch operation
- universal operation
- unmanned operation
- untended operation
- upstream operation
- vertical shaping operation
- wet operation
- write operation
- zeroing operation
- zero-point return operationEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > operation
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106 equipment
1) снаряжение; оборудование; оснащение2) транспортные средства -
107 work
1. n1) работа; труд; дело2) место работы; должность, занятие3) действие, функционирование4) изделие; изделия, продукция5) заготовка; обрабатываемое изделие6) pl завод, фабрика, мастерские7) pl инженерное сооружение
- actual work
- additional work
- adjustment work
- administrative work
- agency work
- agricultural work
- aircraft works
- ancillary work
- art work
- artistic work
- assembly work
- auditing work
- auxiliary work
- building works
- casual work
- civil work
- civil engineering works
- clerical work
- commercial work
- commission work
- commissioning work
- construction works
- contract work
- contractor's works
- daily work
- day work
- day-to-day work
- decorating work
- decoration work
- defective work
- design work
- double-shift work
- efficient work
- engineering work
- engineering works
- field work
- fine work
- finishing work
- full-capacity work
- full-time work
- future work
- hand work
- heavy engineering works
- high-class work
- highly mechanized work
- highly skilled work
- hired work
- incentive work
- installation work
- integrated works
- intellectual work
- iron and steel works
- joint work
- laboratory work
- labour-intensive work
- lorry works
- low-paid work
- machine work
- maintenance work
- maker's works
- managerial work
- manual work
- manufacturer's works
- mechanical work
- metallurgical works
- mounting work
- multishift work
- night work
- nonshift work
- office work
- one-shift work
- on-site work
- outdoor work
- outstanding work
- overtime work
- packing work
- paid work
- paper work
- partial work
- part-time work
- patent work
- permanent work
- piece work
- planned work
- planning work
- practical work
- preliminary work
- preparatory work
- productive work
- reconstruction work
- regular work
- remedial work
- repair work
- rescue work
- research work
- routine work
- rush work
- rythmical work
- salvage work
- satisfactory work
- scheduled work
- scientific work
- seasonal work
- second-shift work
- serial work
- service work
- shift work
- short-time work
- smooth work
- spare-time work
- stevedore work
- stevedoring work
- subcontract work
- subcontractor's works
- subsidiary work
- survey and research work
- task work
- team work
- temporary work
- testing work
- time work
- two-shift work
- unhealthy work
- unskilled work
- wage work
- well-paid work
- work according to the book
- work at normal working hours
- work at piece rates
- work at time rates
- work by contract
- work by hire
- work by the piece
- work by the rules
- work for hire
- work in process
- work in progress
- works of art
- work of development
- work of equipment
- work of an exhibition
- work on a contract
- work on a contractual basis
- work on hand
- work on a project
- work on schedule
- work on the site
- work under way
- ex works
- out of work
- fit for work
- unfit for work
- work done
- work performed
- accept work
- accomplish work
- alter work
- assess work
- be at work
- be behind with one's work
- begin work
- bill work
- be on short time work
- be thrown out of work
- carry out work
- cease work
- close down the works
- commence work
- complete work
- control work
- coordinate work
- correct work
- do work
- employ on work
- entrust with work
- evaluate work
- execute work
- expedite work
- finalize work
- finish work
- fulfil work
- get work
- get down to work
- give out work by contract
- go ahead with work
- hold up work
- improve work
- inspect work
- insure work
- interfere with work
- interrupt work
- leave off work
- look for work
- organize work
- pay for work
- perform work
- postpone work
- proceed with work
- provide work
- put off work
- rate work
- rectify defective work
- reject work
- remedy defective work
- resume work
- retire from work
- speed up work
- start work
- step up work
- stop work
- superintend work
- supervise work
- suspend work
- take over work
- take up work
- terminate work
- undertake work2. v1) работать2) действовать, функционировать3) обрабатывать
- work off
- work out
- work over
- work overtime
- work to rule
- work up -
108 brake
тормоз; тормозное устройство; с.х. тяжёлая борона; II тормозить; притормаживать; разбивать комья (бороной); месить; мять- brake actuating piston - brake anchor plate - brake anchorage - brake application time - brake band clevis - brake band lining - brake bell crank - brake bleed nipple spanner - brake bleeder tank - brake bleeder tube - brake cable - brake caliper - brake caliper lever - brake cam - brake camshaft - brake camshaft lever - brake chamber - brake chatter - brake cheek - brake clevis - brake clip - brake compressor - brake conduit - brake cone - brake control - brake controller - brake controls - brake coupling - brake cross lever - brake cylinder - brake cylinder lever - brake cylinder piston - brake cylinder piston cup - brake cylinder pressure - brake cylinder release valve - brake diagram - brake disk - brake disk pack - brake drag - brake drum - brake drum anvil - brake drum dust cover - brake drum fin - brake drum lathe - brake-drum liner - brake dynamometer - brake equalizer - brake expander - brake fade - brake fluid - brake fluid header tank - brake fluid reservoir - brake fluid warning light - brake force - brake force limiter - brake fuel consumption - brake gear - brake governor - brake hand lever - brake handle - brake hard - brake head - brake hop - brake hood - brake horsepower - brake horsepower efficiency - brake horsepower-hour - brake hose - brake hose clip - brake housing - brake hub - brake hydraulic valve - brake intermediate shaft - brake latch - brake latch rod - brake latch spoon - brake latch spring - brake lever - brake lever pawl - brake lever quadrant - brake lever sector - brake lever segment - brake lights - brake line - brake lining - brake linkage - brake load - brake lug - brake master cylinder - brake mean effective pressure - brake motor - brake operating cam - brake operating lever - brake operating spindle - brake pad - brake pawl - brake pedal - brake pedal arm - brake pedal shaft - brake pipe - brake piston - brake power - brake pressure - brake pull-rod - brake pulley - brake push rod - brake ratchet - brake release - brake release spring - brake reliner - brake reservoir - brake resistance - brake rigging - brake ring - brake rod - brake rod yoke - brake scotch - brake shaft - brake shoe - brake shoe adjusting cam - brake shoe anchor bolt - brake shoe carrier - brake shoe expander - brake shoe facing - brake shoe fulcrum pin - brake shoe grinder - brake shoe hinge pin - brake shoe lining - brake shoe return spring - brake slack - brake specific fuel consumption - brake spring - brake spring pliers - brake squeak - brake support - brake surface - brake test - brake tester - brake thermal efficiency - brake thrust ring - brake thrust screw - brake toggle - brake torque - brake tube flaring tool set - brake up - brake value - brake valve - brake with two leading shoes - release the brake - air-brake failure - air-brake hose - air-over-hydraulic brake - baking brake plate - cable-operated brake - cable-operated hand brake - cam brake - cam-actuated brake - cam-operated brake - Carpenter brake - centrifugal brake - chain brake - cheek brake - clasp brake - clip brake - clutch brake - coaster brake - combined compressed-air and hydraulic brake - compressed-air brake - cone brake - contracting band brake - crane brake - dead-weight brake - differential brake - differential steering brake - disc brake - double-block brake - drum brake - duo-servo brake - dynamometer brake - eddy-current brake - effective brake - electric brake - electromagnetic brake - electromagnetic brake with clamping jaws - electropneumatic brake - emergency brake - emergency contracting brake - engine brake - exhaust brake - expanding brake - expanding band brake - expanding inside brake - expanding wedge brake - expansion brake - external brake - external block brake - external cheek brake - external contracting brake - externally acting brake - fan brake - fluid brake - foot brake - four-wheel brakes - friction brake - front-wheel brake - grip brake - gripper brake - half servo brake - hand brake - hand lever brake - hoist brake - hoisting gear brake - hub brake - hydraulic brake - hydraulic brake with vacuum power - hydraulic foot brake - inboard brake - inner brake - inside brake - internal brake - internal block brake - internal-expanding brake - internal wheel brake - internally acting brake - key-operated brake - knee brake - Kunze-Knorr brake - lever brake - lift brake - link brake - liquid brake - load-pressure brake - load reaction brake - lowering brake - magnetic brake - Maley brake - master clutch brake - mechanical brake - multiple-disc brake - needle brake - oil brake - outer brake - outer band brake - outside-mounted brake - overrunning trailer brake - parking brake - pedal brake - plate brake - pneumatic brake - power brake - progressive brake - Prony brake - quick-action air brake - regenerative brake - rim brake - rope brake - safety brake - screw brake - segmented rotor brake - self-acting brake - self-actuating brake - self-energizing brake - service brake - servo brake - servo and power brake - servo-assisted brake - shoe brake - single-block brake - skate brake - slipper brake - solenoid brake - speed brake - steering brake - steering-clutch brake - stopping brake - strap brake - thrust brake - toggle brake - track brake - transmission brake - triple servo brake - tyre brake - unbalanced brake - vacuum brake - vacuum power brake - V-block brake - water brake - water-cooled brake - wedge brake - wedge-operated brake - weight brake - Westinghouse brake - wheel brake - wing brake -
109 advance
1. n продвижение, движение вперёд2. n воен. наступление3. n воен. продвижение от рубежа к рубежу4. n тех. опережение; упреждение, предварение5. n прогресс; успех; улучшениеindustrial advance — индустриальный прогресс, успехи промышленности
6. n повышение, рост7. n аванс; ссудаto pay in advance — платить заранее, выдавать аванс
8. n амер. предварительная подготовка, подготовительные мероприятия9. n заранее подготовленный репортаж10. n предварительно разосланный или розданный текст11. n воен. передовые силыto be in advance — идти вперёд, спешить
12. a передний, передовой, головной13. a предварительный, опережающий; забегающий вперёдadvance booking — резервирование ; предварительный заказ
14. v продвигаться, идти вперёд, наступать15. v воен. наступатьto advance at the double — продвигаться ускоренным шагом; наступать бегом
16. v двигать вперёд, продвигать17. v передвигать стрелки часов вперёд18. v способствовать; приближать, ускорять19. v делать успехи; продвигаться; развиватьсяmake advance — вносить аванс; делать предложение
20. v продвигать21. v повышатьthe bank has advanced the rate of discount to 15% — банк повысил процент учёта до 15%
22. v повышаться, возрастать23. v ссужать деньги24. v платить авансомdomestic cash advance — внутренний "наличный аванс "
25. v выдвигать26. v тех. наращивать27. v физ. опережатьСинонимический ряд:1. prior (adj.) antecedent; anterior; precedent; preceding; prior2. loan (noun) allowance; credit; loan3. progress (noun) advancement; anabasis; furtherance; headway; march; ongoing; proficiency; progress; stride4. progression (noun) approach; course; impetus; lead; moving forward; procedure; procession; progression; way5. promotion (noun) betterment; boost; enlargement; enrichment; gain; hike; improvement; increase; increment; jump; price rise; promotion; raise; rise6. proposal (noun) offer; offering; overture; proposal; proposition; suggestion; tender7. accelerate (verb) accelerate; bring forward; hasten; precipitate; quicken; speed up; update8. adduce (verb) adduce; allege; cite; lay; present9. come (verb) come; come along; get along; get on; march; move; proceed; progress10. improve (verb) flourish; grow; improve; increase; make progress; thrive11. loan (verb) lend; loan; offer12. move forward (verb) go forward; move forward; move on; push forward; set forward13. promote (verb) dignify; elevate; exalt; jump; prefer; profit; promote; raise; upgrade14. propose (verb) bring to view; broach; deliver; introduce; propose; propound; submit; suggest15. rise (verb) ascend; climb; mount; rise16. urge (verb) better; encourage; forward; foster; further; serve; urge17. before (other) ahead; before; beyond; going before; precedent; preceding; prepublicationАнтонимический ряд:degrade; demote; depress; halt; hesitate; hinder; oppose; recall; recede; retard; retreat; retrogress; return; stand; stop; withhold -
110 анализатор
м. analyserанализатор формы сигнала — waveform analyser; wave analyser; distortion analyser
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111 винт (воздушный)
propeller
лопастный агрегат, приводимый во вращение двигателем для преобразования мощности (крутящего момента) двигателя в тягу (рис. 58) — function of propeller is conversion of engine shaft torque into thrust.
-, автоматический (ав) — automatically controllable propeller
-, авторотирующий — windmilling propeller
-, воздушный — propeller
-, гидравлический — hydraulically-controlled propeller
воздушный винт изменяемого шага, у которого перестановка лопастей в обоих направлениях (на больший шаг и на меньший) или только в одном направлении производится под действием масла, подаваемого в механизм винта. — a propeller the blades of which are adjusted hydraulically to a low and a high pitch angle.
-, гидромеханический — hydro-mechanical propeller
- двухсторонней схемы — propeller with double-acting system
-, зафлюгированный — feathered propeller
- изменяемого шага (виш, управляемый автоматически и принудительно) — variable-pitch propeller
воздушный винт, лопасти которого во время работы могут принудительно или автоматически поворачиваться вокруг своих осей (изменять шаг) — a propeller the pitch setting of which can be changed by the flight crew or by automatic means while the propeller is rotating.
- изменяемого шага с наземной регулировкой — ground adjustable-pitch propeller
- изменяемого шага (с принудительным управлением) — manually controllable propeller
-, моноблочный — integral propeller
-, находящийся на упоре полетного малого шага — propeller blades set in flightfine-pitch stop position
- неизменяемого шага — fixed-pitch propeller
воздушный винт, попасти которого не могут поворачиваться вокруг своих осей. — a propeller having no provision for changing the pitch setting.
-, неотбалансированный — out-of-balance propeller
-, неуравновешенный — out-of-balance propeller
- переменного шага — controllable /variable/ pitch propeller
-, разбалансированный — out-of-balance propeller
-, реверсивный — reversible-pitch propeller
воздушный винт, лопасти которого во время работы могут быть установлены в такое положение, при котором его вращение создает отрицательную сипу тяги. — reversible-pitch propellers. 200 complete cycles of control must be made from the lowest normal pitch to the maximum reverse pitch.
- с наземной регулировкой шага — ground adjustable-pitch propeller
- с неодинаковым уводом лопастей от плоскости вращения — out-of-track propeller a propeller having the blade tilt ot one blade different from that of the other(s).
- с неодинаковым шагом лопастей — out-of-pitch propeller a propeller having the blade angle of one blade different from that of any other.
- с упором земного малого шага — ground-fine-pitch propeller
- с упором полетного малого шага — flight-low/-fine/-pitch propeller
-, типичный (для испытаний) — representative propeller
-, толкающий — pusher propeller a propeller producing compression in the propeller shaft.
-, тянущий — tractor propeller a propeller producing tension in the propeller shaft.
- фиксированного шага — adjustable-pitch propeller
воздушный винт, попасти которого могут быть установлены под любым углом к плоскости вращения, но во время работы винта поворачиваться вокруг своих осей не могут. — a propeller, the blades of which can be adjusted to a desired pitch when not rotating.
-, флюгерный (флюгируемый) — feathering propeller
воздушный винт изменяемого шага, попасти которого могут быть установлены в положение "по потоку", характеризуемое тем, что в случае выключенного двигателя винт в полете прекращает вращаться и имеет минимальное лобовое сопротивление. — the propeller the blades of which can be set nearly parallel with the line of flight of the airplane for the purpose to decrease air resistance in case of engine failure, so that the propeller will not be rotated by the air.
-, четырехлопастный — four-blade(d) propeller
-, электромеханический — electrically-operated propeller
балансировка в. — propeller balancing
зазор между в. и элементами конструкции самолета — propeller structural clearance
клиренс в. — propeller clearance
обдувка от в. — slipstream
обороты (воздушного) в. — propeller speed
плоскость вращения в. — propeller disc plane
площадь диска в. — propeller disc area
площадь ометаемая воздушным в. — propeller disc area
поступь в. — propeller effective pitch
спед за в. — propeller wake
характеристика воздушного винта в. — propeller characteristic
шаг в. — propeller pitch
балансировать в. — balance the propeller
вводить винт во флюгер вращать в. по (через) 30о — feather the propeller turn the.propeller in increments of approx. 30 deg.
выводить в. из реверса — unreverse the propeller
выводить в. из флюгера — unfeather the propeller
застопорить в. — brake the propeller
затяжелять в. — set the propeller blades to higher pitch
зафлюгировать в. — feather the propeller
изменять шаг в. — change the propeller pitch
облегчать в. — move the propeller blades to lower pitch
отбалансировать в. — balance the propeller
поворачивать в. постепенно через...град. — turn the propeller in increments of... deg.
расфлюгировать в. — unfeather the propeller
реверсировать в. — reverse the propeller
снимать в. с упора полетного малого шага — unlatch the propeller flight low-pitch stop
ставить в. на упор малого полетного шага — latch the propeller flight lowpitch stop
флюгировать в. — feather the propellerРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > винт (воздушный)
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112 Chapelon, André
[br]b. 26 October 1892 Saint-Paul-en-Cornillon, Loire, Franced. 29 June 1978 Paris, France[br]French locomotive engineer who developed high-performance steam locomotives.[br]Chapelon's technical education at the Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Paris, was interrupted by extended military service during the First World War. From experience of observing artillery from the basket of a captive balloon, he developed a method of artillery fire control which was more accurate than that in use and which was adopted by the French army.In 1925 he joined the motive-power and rolling-stock department of the Paris-Orléans Railway under Chief Mechanical Engineer Maurice Lacoin and was given the task of improving the performance of its main-line 4–6–2 locomotives, most of them compounds. He had already made an intensive study of steam locomotive design and in 1926 introduced his Kylchap exhaust system, based in part on the earlier work of the Finnish engineer Kyläla. Chapelon improved the entrainment of the hot gases in the smokebox by the exhaust steam and so minimized back pressure in the cylinders, increasing the power of a locomotive substantially. He also greatly increased the cross-sectional area of steam passages, used poppet valves instead of piston valves and increased superheating of steam. PO (Paris-Orléans) 4–6–2s rebuilt on these principles from 1929 onwards proved able to haul 800-ton trains, in place of the previous 500-ton trains, and to do so to accelerated schedules with reduced coal consumption. Commencing in 1932, some were converted, at the time of rebuilding, into 4–8–0s to increase adhesive weight for hauling heavy trains over the steeply graded Paris-Toulouse line.Chapelon's principles were quickly adopted on other French railways and elsewhere.H.N. Gresley was particularly influenced by them. After formation of the French National Railways (SNCF) in 1938, Chapelon produced in 1941 a prototype rebuilt PO 2–10–0 freight locomotive as a six-cylinder compound, with four low-pressure cylinders to maximize expansive use of steam and with all cylinders steam-jacketed to minimize heat loss by condensation and radiation. War conditions delayed extended testing until 1948–52. Meanwhile Chapelon had, by rebuilding, produced in 1946 a high-powered, three-cylinder, compound 4–8–4 intended as a stage in development of a proposed range of powerful and thermally efficient steam locomotives for the postwar SNCF: a high-speed 4–6–4 in this range was to run at sustained speeds of 125 mph (200 km/h). However, plans for improved steam locomotives were then overtaken in France by electriflcation and dieselization, though the performance of the 4–8–4, which produced 4,000 hp (3,000 kW) at the drawbar for the first time in Europe, prompted modification of electric locomotives, already on order, to increase their power.Chapelon retired from the SNCF in 1953, but continued to act as a consultant. His principles were incorporated into steam locomotives built in France for export to South America, and even after the energy crisis of 1973 he was consulted on projects to build improved, high-powered steam locomotives for countries with reserves of cheap coal. The eventual fall in oil prices brought these to an end.[br]Bibliography1938, La Locomotive à vapeur, Paris: J.B.Bailière (a comprehensive summary of contemporary knowledge of every function of the locomotive).Further ReadingH.C.B.Rogers, 1972, Chapelon, Genius of French Steam, Shepperton: Ian Allan.1986, "André Chapelon, locomotive engineer: a survey of his work", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 58 (a symposium on Chapelon's work).Obituary, 1978, Railway Engineer (September/October) (makes reference to the technical significance of Chapelon's work).PJGR -
113 Priestman, William Dent
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 23 August 1847 Sutton, Hull, Englandd. 7 September 1936 Hull, England[br]English oil engine pioneer.[br]William was the second son and one of eleven children of Samuel Priestman, who had moved to Hull after retiring as a corn miller in Kirkstall, Leeds, and who in retirement had become a director of the North Eastern Railway Company. The family were strict Quakers, so William was sent to the Quaker School in Bootham, York. He left school at the age of 17 to start an engineering apprenticeship at the Humber Iron Works, but this company failed so the apprenticeship was continued with the North Eastern Railway, Gateshead. In 1869 he joined the hydraulics department of Sir William Armstrong \& Company, Newcastle upon Tyne, but after a year there his father financed him in business at a small, run down works, the Holderness Foundry, Hull. He was soon joined by his brother, Samuel, their main business being the manufacture of dredging equipment (grabs), cranes and winches. In the late 1870s William became interested in internal combustion engines. He took a sublicence to manufacture petrol engines to the patents of Eugène Etève of Paris from the British licensees, Moll and Dando. These engines operated in a similar manner to the non-compression gas engines of Lenoir. Failure to make the two-stroke version of this engine work satisfactorily forced him to pay royalties to Crossley Bros, the British licensees of the Otto four-stroke patents.Fear of the dangers of petrol as a fuel, reflected by the associated very high insurance premiums, led William to experiment with the use of lamp oil as an engine fuel. His first of many patents was for a vaporizer. This was in 1885, well before Ackroyd Stuart. What distinguished the Priestman engine was the provision of an air pump which pressurized the fuel tank, outlets at the top and bottom of which led to a fuel atomizer injecting continuously into a vaporizing chamber heated by the exhaust gases. A spring-loaded inlet valve connected the chamber to the atmosphere, with the inlet valve proper between the chamber and the working cylinder being camoperated. A plug valve in the fuel line and a butterfly valve at the inlet to the chamber were operated, via a linkage, by the speed governor; this is believed to be the first use of this method of control. It was found that vaporization was only partly achieved, the higher fractions of the fuel condensing on the cylinder walls. A virtue was made of this as it provided vital lubrication. A starting system had to be provided, this comprising a lamp for preheating the vaporizing chamber and a hand pump for pressurizing the fuel tank.Engines of 2–10 hp (1.5–7.5 kW) were exhibited to the press in 1886; of these, a vertical engine was installed in a tram car and one of the horizontals in a motor dray. In 1888, engines were shown publicly at the Royal Agricultural Show, while in 1890 two-cylinder vertical marine engines were introduced in sizes from 2 to 10 hp (1.5–7.5 kW), and later double-acting ones up to some 60 hp (45 kW). First, clutch and gearbox reversing was used, but reversing propellers were fitted later (Priestman patent of 1892). In the same year a factory was established in Philadelphia, USA, where engines in the range 5–20 hp (3.7–15 kW) were made. Construction was radically different from that of the previous ones, the bosses of the twin flywheels acting as crank discs with the main bearings on the outside.On independent test in 1892, a Priestman engine achieved a full-load brake thermal efficiency of some 14 per cent, a very creditable figure for a compression ratio limited to under 3:1 by detonation problems. However, efficiency at low loads fell off seriously owing to the throttle governing, and the engines were heavy, complex and expensive compared with the competition.Decline in sales of dredging equipment and bad debts forced the firm into insolvency in 1895 and receivers took over. A new company was formed, the brothers being excluded. However, they were able to attend board meetings, but to exert no influence. Engine activities ceased in about 1904 after over 1,000 engines had been made. It is probable that the Quaker ethics of the brothers were out of place in a business that was becoming increasingly cut-throat. William spent the rest of his long life serving others.[br]Further ReadingC.Lyle Cummins, 1976, Internal Fire, Carnot Press.C.Lyle Cummins and J.D.Priestman, 1985, "William Dent Priestman, oil engine pioneer and inventor: his engine patents 1885–1901", Proceedings of the Institution ofMechanical Engineers 199:133.Anthony Harcombe, 1977, "Priestman's oil engine", Stationary Engine Magazine 42 (August).JBBiographical history of technology > Priestman, William Dent
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114 White, Sir William Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 2 February 1845 Devonport, Englandd. 27 February 1913 London, England[br]English naval architect distinguished as the foremost nineteenth-century Director of Naval Construction, and latterly as a consultant and author.[br]Following early education at Devonport, White passed the Royal Dockyard entry examination in 1859 to commence a seven-year shipwright apprenticeship. However, he was destined for greater achievements and in 1863 passed the Admiralty Scholarship examinations, which enabled him to study at the Royal School of Naval Architecture at South Kensington, London. He graduated in 1867 with high honours and was posted to the Admiralty Constructive Department. Promotion came swiftly, with appointment to Assistant Constructor in 1875 and Chief Constructor in 1881.In 1883 he left the Admiralty and joined the Tyneside shipyard of Sir W.G. Armstrong, Mitchell \& Co. at a salary of about treble that of a Chief Constructor, with, in addition, a production bonus based on tonnage produced! At the Elswick Shipyard he became responsible for the organization and direction of shipbuilding activities, and during his relatively short period there enhanced the name of the shipyard in the warship export market. It is assumed that White did not settle easily in the North East of England, and in 1885, following negotiations with the Admiralty, he was released from his five-year exclusive contract and returned to public service as Director of Naval Construction and Assistant Controller of the Royal Navy. (As part of the settlement the Admiralty released Philip Watts to replace White, and in later years Watts was also to move from that same shipyard and become White's successor as Director of Naval Construction.) For seventeen momentous years White had technical control of ship production for the Royal Navy. The rapid building of warships commenced after the passing of the Naval Defence Act of 1889, which authorized directly and indirectly the construction of around seventy vessels. The total number of ships built during the White era amounted to 43 battleships, 128 cruisers of varying size and type, and 74 smaller vessels. While White did not have the stimulation of building a revolutionary capital ship as did his successor, he did have the satisfaction of ensuring that the Royal Navy was equipped with a fleet of all-round capability, and he saw the size, displacement and speed of the ships increase dramatically.In 1902 he resigned from the Navy because of ill health and assumed several less onerous tasks. During the construction of the Cunard Liner Mauretania on the Tyne, he held directorships with the shipbuilders Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson, and also the Parsons Marine Turbine Company. He acted as a consultant to many organizations and had an office in Westminster. It was there that he died in February 1913.White left a great literary legacy in the form of his esteemed Manual of Naval Architecture, first published in 1877 and reprinted several times since in English, German and other languages. This volume is important not only as a text dealing with first principles but also as an illustration of the problems facing warship designers of the late nineteenth century.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKCB 1895. Knight Commander of the Order of the Danneborg (Denmark). FRS. FRSE. President, Institution of Civil Engineers; Mechanical Engineers; Marine Engineers. Vice- President, Institution of Naval Architects.Bibliography1877, A Manual of Naval Architecture, London.Further ReadingD.K.Brown, 1983, A Century of Naval Construction, London.FMWBiographical history of technology > White, Sir William Henry
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