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1 BIOS
['baios] n. shkurtesë nga b asic i nput o utput s ystem ( BIOS) sistemi themelor për hyrje-dalje ( informatikë)What is BIOS?BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input/Output System. It is the boot firmware program on a PC, and controls the computer from the time you start it up until the operating system takes over. When you turn on a PC, the BIOS first conducts a basic hardware check, called a Power-On Self Test (POST), to determine whether all of the attachments are present and working. Then it loads the operating system into your computer's random access memory, or RAM.The BIOS also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video card, keyboard, mouse, and printer.The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your system configuration information in a battery-powered, non-volatile memory chip, called a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) after its manufacturing process.Although the BIOS is standardized and should rarely require updating, some older BIOS chips may not accommodate new hardware devices. Before the early 1990s, you couldn't update the BIOS without removing and replacing its ROM chip. Contemporary BIOS resides on memory chips such as flash chips or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), so that you can update the BIOS yourself if necessary.For detailed information about BIOS updates, visit:What is firmware?Firmware consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory, using various types of programmable ROM chips, such as PROMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash chips.Firmware is non-volatile, and will remain in memory after you turn the system off.Often, the term firmware is used to refer specifically to boot firmware, which controls a computer from the time that it is turned on until the primary operating system has taken over. Boot firmware's main function is to initialize the hardware and then to boot (load and execute) the primary operating system. On PCs, the boot firmware is usually referred to as the BIOS.What is the difference between memory and disk storage?Memory and disk storage both refer to internal storage space in a computer.The term memory usually means RAM (Random Access Memory). To refer to hard drive storage, the terms disk space or storage are usually used.Typically, computers have much less memory than disk space, because RAM is much more expensive per megabyte than a hard disk. Today, a typical desktop computer might come with 512MB of RAM, and a 40 gigabyte hard disk.Virtual memory is disk space that has been designated to act like RAM.Computers also contain a small amount of ROM, or read-only memory, containing permanent or semi-permanent (firmware) instructions for checking hardware and starting up the computer. On a PC, this is called the BIOS.What is RAM?RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.New computers typically come with at least 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM installed, and can be upgraded to 512MB or even a gigabyte or more.If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot firmware (called BIOS on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in ROM chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM.Note: On a PC, different parts of RAM may be more or less easily accessible to programs. For example, cache RAM is made up of very high-speed RAM chips which sit between the CPU and main RAM, storing (i.e., caching) memory accesses by the CPU. Cache RAM helps to alleviate the gap between the speed of a CPU's megahertz rating and the ability of RAM to respond and deliver data. It reduces how often the CPU must wait for data from main memory.What is ROM?ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.Almost every computer comes with a small amount of ROM containing the boot firmware. This consists of a few kilobytes of code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.Originally, ROM was actually read-only. To update the programs in ROM, you had to remove and physically replace your ROM chips. Contemporary versions of ROM allow some limited rewriting, so you can usually upgrade firmware such as the BIOS by using installation software. Rewritable ROM chips include PROMs (programmable read-only memory), EPROMs (erasable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and a common variation of EEPROMs called flash memory.What is an ACPI BIOS?ACPI is an acronym that stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, a power management specification developed by Intel, Microsoft, and Toshiba. ACPI support is built into Windows 98 and later operating systems. ACPI is designed to allow the operating system to control the amount of power provided to each device or peripheral attached to the computer system. This provides much more stable and efficient power management and makes it possible for the operating system to turn off selected devices, such as a monitor or CD-ROM drive, when they are not in use.ACPI should help eliminate computer lockup on entering power saving or sleep mode. This will allow for improved power management, especially in portable computer systems where reducing power consumption is critical for extending battery life. ACPI also allows for the computer to be turned on and off by external devices, so that the touch of a mouse or the press of a key will "wake up" the computer. This new feature of ACPI, called OnNow, allows a computer to enter a sleep mode that uses very little power.In addition to providing power management, ACPI also evolves the existing Plug and Play BIOS (PnP BIOS) to make adding and configuring new hardware devices easier. This includes support for legacy non-PnP devices and improved support for combining older devices with ACPI hardware, allowing both to work in a more efficient manner in the same computer system. The end result of this is to make the BIOS more PnP compatible.What is CMOS?CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat semiconductor technology used in contemporary microchips, especially useful for battery-powered devices. The specific technology is explained in detail at:http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213860,00.htmlMost commonly, though, the term CMOS is used to refer to small battery-powered configuration chips on system boards of personal computers, where the BIOS stores the date, the time, and system configuration details.How do I enter the Setup program in my BIOS?Warning: Your BIOS Setup program is very powerful. An incorrect setting could cause your computer not to boot properly. You should make sure you understand what a setting does before you change it.You can usually run Setup by pressing a special function key or key combination soon after turning on the computer, during its power-on self test (POST), before the operating system loads (or before the operating system's splash screen shows). During POST, the BIOS usually displays a prompt such as:Press F2 to enter SetupMany newer computers display a brief screen, usually black and white, with the computer manufacturer's logo during POST.Entering the designated keystroke will take you into the BIOS Setup. Common keystrokes to enter the BIOS Setup are F1, F2, F10, and Del.On some computers, such as some Gateway or Compaq computers, graphics appear during the POST, and the BIOS information is hidden. You must press Esc to make these graphics disappear. Your monitor will then display the correct keystroke to enter.Note: If you press the key too early or too often, the BIOS may display an error message. To avoid this, wait about five seconds after turning the power on, and then press the key once or twice.What's the difference between BIOS and CMOS?Many people use the terms BIOS (basic input/output system) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) to refer to the same thing. Though they are related, they are distinct and separate components of a computer. The BIOS is the program that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time, and system configuration details it needs to start the computer.The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers on until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS is firmware, which means it cannot store variable data.CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use the term to refer to the chip that stores variable data for startup. A computer's BIOS will initialize and control components like the floppy and hard drive controllers and the computer's hardware clock, but the specific parameters for startup and initializing components are stored in the CMOS. -
2 book
[buk] n.,v. -n 1. libër. 2. The Book ( the Book of Book, the Good book) Bibla. 3. tufë, bllok (biletash, pullash etj). 4. bllok shënimesh. 5. libret (opere). 6. regjistër i basteve. 7. pl. libër llogarish; keep the book for the business mbaj llogaritë e firmës. 8. the book numratori telefonik, libri i telefonave. 9. katalog.● be in sb's bad/black book më ka në listen e zezë; bring sb to book (forsth) i kërkoj shpjegime dikujt, i kërkoj llogari; by the book siç duhet, sipas rregullave; know like a book e kam në majë të gishtave, e di fare mirë; keep/make a book (on) vë bast (për); not suit one's book s'është i përshtatshëm, s'më vjen për mbarë; on the books në listen e (anëtarëve të një klubi etj); throw the book at gj.fol. i jap dënimin maksimal.- v 1. fus në listë; regjistroj; shënoj. 2. akuzoj; she was booked on a charge of theft ajo u akuzua (në polici) për vjedhje. 3. rezervoj; book a room zë /rezervoj një dhomë (në hotel). 4. angazhoj, pajtoj; be booked for every night pajtohem për të gjitha netët● book end ['buk end] em. mbajtëse e librave (në raft)● book in ['buk in] a) zë dhomë (në hotel); b) i rezervoj dhomë● bookmaking ['bukmeiking] em. industri e librit.● regjistrimi i basteve (në garat e vrapimeve me kuaj)● bookmaker ['bukmeikë:] n 1. libralidhës; punëtor i librarisë. 2. tipograf. 3. bastevënës, agjent bastesh për garat e kuajve; bukmeikër (regjistrues i basteve në vrapimet me kuaj)● bookmark [bukmark] shenjë në libër; reference e cila na drejton kah ndonjë dokument i caktuar hipertekstual i Internetit● bookmarker [bukmarkë:] n. tregues i faqes (ku është ndërprerë leximi i librit)● book-minded [bukmaindid] adj. (njeri) i etur për lexim● book-mindedness [bukmaindidnis] n. etje për lexim● book learning ['buk 'lë:(r)ning] em. njohuri librore.● shkollim● book lover ['buk 'lavë:(r)] em. amator i librit; libërdashës● book-loving ['buk 'laving] em. libërdashës● book up ['buk ap] rezervoj; zë (dhomë); the hotel is booked up until August hoteli është i zënë deri në gusht● book club ['buk klab] n. rreth letrar; klub që u shet libra me zbritje antarëve të vet; klub takimi për të diskutuar dhe rishqirtuar librat● book jacket [buk'xhækit] n. këmishë, mbështjellëse (e kapakut të librit)● bookrest ['buk rest] n. mbështetëse e librit● book review ['buk rivju:] n. referat; reçensë● book reviewer [buk ri'vju:ë:(r)] n. recensues; kritik letrar● book room [bukrum] n. sallë e librave; sallë leximi.● bibliotekë● bookshelf ['bukshelf] n. raft (dollap) librash (në librari)● bookshop ['bukshop] n. librari● book-store ['buksto:(r)] n. librari● book token ['buk 'toukën] n. dëftesë e blerjes së librit● book work [bukwë:k] n. pyetje provimi (për lëndën e përfshirë në tekstin mësimor).● studim (mësim) përmendësh.● shtyp. punë e repartit të librarisë.● mbajtje e librit të llogarisë.● visitors' book ['vizitë:(r)z buk] n 1. libër përshtypjesh. 2. regjistër (i klientëve të hotelit)● class book [kla:s buk] n. libër mësimi (shkolle)● classbook ['klas:buk] n. regjistër (i klasës)● picture book ['pikçë:(r) buk] n. libër me ilustrime● blue book ['blu:'buk] n 1. Br. libër i kaltërt (i qeverisë britanike); libri i njerëzve të shquar. 2. amer. fletore provimesh; regjistër i nënpunësve të shtetit (në SHBA)● white book [wait buk] libër i bardhë; raport zyrtar i qeverisë në Britani● minute book ['minit buk] regjistër i proçesverbaleve* * *libër; rezervoj -
3 way
[wei] n., adv. -n 1. rrugë; udhë; shteg; which is the way to the university? nga shkohet për ne universitet it rained all the way ra shi gjatë gjithë rrugës; on the way to the station rrugës për te stacioni; on the way back në të kthyer; be looking for a way out përpiqem të gjej një shteg për të dalë; 'no way through' ' rrugë pa krye'; be in the way a) zë rrugën; pengon; b) fig. shqetësoj, bezdis; get out of the/my way! hapu!, hap rrugën! keep out of her way today! mos i dil përpara sot! 2. distancë, largësi, rrugë; a long way off/ away goxha larg; have a long way to go kam ende shumë rrugë për të bërë; go all the way with sb fig. i bëj të gjitha me dikë, fle me dikë. 3. drejtim; this/that way këndej; andej; which way did they go? nga shkuan? are you going my way? e ke rrugën me mua bashkë? 4. mënyrë; the American way of life mënyra amerikane e jetesës; find a way of doing it ia gjej anën, e gjej mënyrën për ta bërë; in this way në këtë mënyrë; in the ordinary way of things normalisht. 5. zakon; foreign ways zakone të huaja; have one's little ways kam ca zakone të miat; it's not my way unë nuk veproj kështu/nuk e bëj kështu; have a way with people di t'ua gjej anën njerëzve. 6. gjendje; be in a bad way katandis keq; be in the family way pret fëmijë, është shtatzanë. 7. gj.fol. lagje, mëhallë; she lives out our way ai nuk banon në lagjen ton.. 8. pl. kantier detar.● by the way me që ra fjala; by way of a) me anë të; nëpërmjet; b) si, në vend të: by way of a warning si paralajmërim; c) njëfarësoj, si punë; she's by way of being a writer është njëfarë/si punë shkrimtareje; come one's way më ndodh, më bën vaki; give way a) tërhiqem; lëshoj pe; b) shembet, rrëzohet; c) lëshohem, e lëshoj veten; go out of one's way bëj një përpjekje të pazakonshme, dal jashtë natyrës sime; have a way with sb ia gjej anën dikujt, e bind; in a way në njëfarë shkalle, deri diku; in the way para këmbëve, duke u bërë pengesë; in the way of a) në pozitë të favorshme; b) për sa i përket; lose one's way s'di nga t'ia mbaj, e humbas pusullën; make one's way a) kaloj; b) çaj, eci përpara; make way a) hap vend; hap rrugë; b) bëj përpara; once in a way herë pas here, me raste; out of the way a) nga rruga (heq); b) larg; në një cep të humbur; c) i pazakontë; i çuditshëm; d) i përfunduar, i zgjidhur (problem); e) jashtë rreziku; f) i gabuar; pa vend; g) i fshehur; i humbur; put out of the way vras, heq qafe (dikë); see one's way jam i gatshëm; jam në gjendje; take one's way iki; underway në vazhtiim; në zbatim./-adv. gj.fol. shumë larg; way up in the sky lart në qiell; way out to sea tutje në det të hapur; be way out in one's estimate jap një vlerësim krejt te gabuar.● waybill ['weibil] n. treg. faturë shoqëruese malli● wayfarer ['weifærë:] n. udhëtar● ways and means ['weiz ënd 'mi:ns] n.pl. mjete, metoda● wayside ['weisaid] n., adj. -n. buzë rruge; along the wayside përgjatë rrugës; fall by the wayside a) fig. dal nga rruga e drejtë; b) lë përgjysmë, braktis (garën); c) dështon (projekti)./-adj. buzë rrugës● way station ['wei 'steishën] n 1. amer. hek. stacion i ndërmjetëm, stacion i vogël. 2. ndalesë gjatë rrugës● way train ['wei trein] n. hek. tren që ndalon në të gjitha stacionet● wayward ['weiwë:d] adj 1. kokëfortë, i pabindur, që s'dëgjon njeri. 2. i çrregullt. 3. i sertë, i pashtruar, tekanjoz (kalë)● waywardness ['weiweidnis] n. kokëfortësi; sertësi* * *rruge; mënyre
См. также в других словарях:
make an end of — index cease, close (terminate), conclude (complete), dispatch (dispose of), quit (discon … Law dictionary
make an end of — {v. phr.} To make (something) end; put a stop to; stop. * /To make an end of rumors that the house was haunted, a reporter spent the night there./ … Dictionary of American idioms
make an end of — {v. phr.} To make (something) end; put a stop to; stop. * /To make an end of rumors that the house was haunted, a reporter spent the night there./ … Dictionary of American idioms
make\ an\ end\ of — v. phr. To make (smth) end; put a stop to; stop. To make an end of rumors that the house was haunted, a reporter spent the night there … Словарь американских идиом
make an end of — cause (someone or something) to stop existing … Useful english dictionary
end — end1 [end] n. [ME & OE ende, akin to Ger ende, Goth andeis < IE * antyos, opposite, lying ahead < * anti , opposite, facing (< base * ants, front, forehead) < OHG endi, forehead, Ger anti, L ante] 1. a limit or limiting part; point of … English World dictionary
end — end1 ender, n. /end/, n. 1. the last part or extremity, lengthwise, of anything that is longer than it is wide or broad: the end of a street; the end of a rope. 2. a point, line, or limitation that indicates the full extent, degree, etc., of… … Universalium
end — n. & v. n. 1 a the extreme limit; the point beyond which a thing does not continue. b an extremity of a line, or of the greatest dimension of an object. c the furthest point (to the ends of the earth). 2 the surface bounding a thing at either… … Useful english dictionary
end — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) Terminal point Nouns 1. end[ing], close, termination, conclusion, wind up, finis, finish, finale, period, terminus, stopping [point]; halt, cessation, desistance, cloture, abortion, curtailment,… … English dictionary for students
end — See: AT LOOSE ENDS, AT ONE S WITS END, BURN THE CANDLE AT BOTH ENDS, GO OFF THE DEEP END, HAIR STAND ON END, HOLD ONE S END UP or HOLD UP ONE S END or KEEP ONE S END UP or KEEP UP ONE S END, LIVING END, LOOSE ENDS, MAKE AN END OF, MAKE ENDS MEET … Dictionary of American idioms
end — See: AT LOOSE ENDS, AT ONE S WITS END, BURN THE CANDLE AT BOTH ENDS, GO OFF THE DEEP END, HAIR STAND ON END, HOLD ONE S END UP or HOLD UP ONE S END or KEEP ONE S END UP or KEEP UP ONE S END, LIVING END, LOOSE ENDS, MAKE AN END OF, MAKE ENDS MEET … Dictionary of American idioms
