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jersey+city

  • 101 boardwalk

    Дощатая пешеходная эстакада вдоль берега океана, строящаяся над песчаным пляжем. Распространены главным образом на восточном побережье. Понятие возникло в 1870, когда в г. Атлантик-Сити [ Atlantic City], шт. Нью-Джерси, был открыт первый и по сей день самый известный променад длиной в 4 мили (около 6,5 км). Позже подобные сооружения возникли и в других городах, в частности, в г. Нью-Йорке - на Кони-Айленде [ Coney Island], на Брайтон-Бич [ Brighton Beach] и в других районах города, расположенных на океанском побережье, особенно в Нью-Джерси [ Jersey Shore]

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > boardwalk

  • 102 Hamilton

    I
    1) Городская община [ township] на западе центральной части штата Нью-Джерси, с юго-востока примыкает к г. Трентону [ Trenton]. 87,1 тыс. жителей (2000). С 50-х гг. XX в. развивается как пригород Трентона, куда перемещаются многие предприятия. В состав городской общины входят населенные пункты Мерсервилл [Mercerville], Уайт-Хорс [White Horse], Ярдвилл-Гроуввилл [Yardville-Groveville].
    2) Город на юго западе штата Огайо, в 30 км к северу от Цинциннати [ Cincinnati], на р. Грейт-Майами [Great Miami River]. 60,6 тыс. жителей (2000). Основан в 1791. В ПМСА [ PMSA] Гамильтон-Мидлтаун 332,8 тыс. жителей. Административный центр [ county seat] округа Батлер [Butler County]. Промышленный центр: черная металлургия, металлообработка, производство бумаги, авиадеталей, автомобильных корпусов и дизельных двигателей, сейфов и др. Поселение основано вокруг форта Гамильтон [Fort Hamilton] (1791) - одного из укрепленных районов, служивших для защиты Северо-Западной Территории [ Northwest Territory] от нападений индейцев. После сооружения канала "Майами-Эри" [Miami and Erie Canal] в 20-е гг. XIX в. был дан толчок промышленному развитию города.
    II
    1) Город на юго-западе штата Огайо, примерно в 30 км к северу от Цинциннати [ Cincinnati], на р. Грейт-Майами [Great Miami River]. 60,6 тыс. жителей (2000), в ПМСА [ PMSA] Гамильтон-Мидлтаун [Hamilton - Middletown] 332,8 тыс. жителей. Административный центр [ county seat] округа Батлер [Butler County] (с 1803). Поселок, первоначально называвшийся Фэрфилд [Fairfield], вырос около 1794 вокруг построенного в 1791 форта Гамильтон [Fort Hamilton], названного в честь А. Гамильтона [ Hamilton, Alexander]. Форт был призван защищать гомстеды [ homestead] в Северо-Западной Территории [ Northwest Territory] от нападений индейцев. Экономический рост связан с открытием канала Майами-Эри [Miami and Erie Canal] (1827), использованием гидроэнергетики. К 40-м годам XIX в. городок превратился в промышленный центр с литейными цехами и мастерскими, многие из которых были созданы иммигрантами из Германии. В 1854 в состав населенного пункта вошел соседний Россвилл [Rossville]. Статус города [ city] с 1857. Крупный центр бумажной промышленности. Черная металлургия, металлообработка, производство автодвигателей и кузовов, авиадеталей, стройматериалов, сейфов. Торговый центр сельскохозяйственного района (животноводство). Отделение университета Майами [ Miami University] (1968). Среди достопримечательностей - Памятник солдатам, морякам и первопроходцам [Soldiers, Sailors, and Pioneers Monument], музей при Историческом обществе округа Батлер [Butler County Historical Society].
    2) Город [ township] на западе центральной части штата Нью-Джерси, к юго-востоку от г. Трентон [ Trenton]. 87,1 тыс. жителей (2000). С 50-х годов XX в. - основной центр пригородного развития Трентона, в прошлом центр сельскохозяйственного района. Состоит из нескольких поселков, включая центральную часть - Гамильтон-Сквер [Hamilton Square], а также Мерсервилл [Mercerville], Уайт-Хорс [White Horse], Ярдвилл-Гроуввилл [Yardville-Groveville]. Местный колледж [Mercer County Community College] (1966). Автотрек. Скульптурный парк в бывшем центре ярмарок штата [New Jersey State Fair Grounds].
    3) Город [ town] в центральной части штата Нью-Йорк. 5,7 тыс. жителей (2000). Местонахождение Университета Колгейта [ Colgate University] (1819).

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Hamilton

  • 103 Port of New York Authority

    Государственная корпорация [ government corporation], созданная в 1921 по договору [ interstate compact] между властями штатов Нью-Йорк и Нью-Джерси с целью развития и совершенствования транспортной инфраструктуры и торговли в районе Нью-Йоркского порта. Старейшее портовое управление в США. Возглавляется советом из 12 человек (по 6 от каждого штата). Управляет сетью мостов и туннелей, связывающих г. Нью-Йорк с различными районами Нью-Джерси. В ведение Управления входят также аэропорты г. Нью-Йорка - Кеннеди [ Kennedy International Airport] и Ла-Гуардия [ La Guardia International Airport], и г. Ньюарка [ Newark International Airport], автобусные вокзалы в г. Нью-Йорке и штате Нью-Джерси, портовые сооружения и терминалы в 25-мильном радиусе от южной оконечности Манхэттена [ Manhattan].
    тж New York Port Authority, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Port of New York Authority

  • 104 State

    - States of Jersey
    - State of the City of Vatican
    - Free States
    - Papal States

    Англо-русский юридический словарь > State

  • 105 Джерси-Сити

    м. нескл.
    ( город) Jersey ['ʤɜːzɪ] City

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > Джерси-Сити

  • 106 garden

    garden ['gɑ:dən]
    1 noun
    (a) (with flowers) jardin m; (with vegetables) (jardin m) potager m;
    ∎ back/front garden jardin m de derrière/de devant;
    ∎ to do the garden jardiner, faire du jardinage
    ∎ public garden(s) jardin m public, parc m;
    ∎ garden of remembrance = jardin en souvenir des défunts
    ∎ Gardens = nom donné à certaines rues en Grande-Bretagne
    ∎ everything in the garden is rosy or lovely tout va bien
    de jardinage, de jardin
    jardiner, faire du jardinage
    (park) jardin m public
    ►► American garden apartment rez-de-jardin m inv;
    American Cookery garden burger burger m végétarien;
    garden centre jardinerie f;
    garden chair chaise f de jardin;
    garden city cité-jardin f;
    the Garden of Eden le jardin m d'Éden, l'Éden m;
    the Garden of England = surnom du comté de Kent, célèbre pour ses vergers et ses champs de houblon;
    British garden flat rez-de-jardin m inv;
    garden furniture mobilier m de jardin;
    garden gnome nain m de jardin;
    British garden party garden-party f;
    garden path allée f (dans un jardin);
    ∎ he ran down the garden path il a descendu l'allée du jardin en courant;
    ∎ figurative she was led up the garden path elle a été dupée, on l'a fait marcher;
    garden produce produits mpl maraîchers;
    garden seat banc m de jardin;
    garden shears cisaille f ou cisailles fpl de jardin;
    garden shed resserre f;
    garden snail petit-gris m;
    Entomology garden spider épeire f diadème;
    the Garden State = surnom donné au New Jersey;
    garden suburb banlieue f verte;
    garden tools outils mpl de jardinage;
    garden wall mur m du jardin;
    Ornithology garden warbler fauvette f des jardins;
    American garden wedding mariage m en plein air

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > garden

  • 107 Bond, George Meade

    [br]
    b. 17 July 1852 Newburyport, Massachusetts, USA
    d. 6 January 1935 Hartford, Connecticut, USA
    [br]
    American mechanical engineer and metrologist, co-developer of the Rogers- Bond Comparator.
    [br]
    After leaving school at the age of 17, George Bond taught in local schools for a few years before starting an apprenticeship in a machine shop in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He then worked as a machinist with Phoenix Furniture Company in that city until his savings permitted him to enter the Stevens Institute of Technology at Hoboken, New Jersey, in 1876. He graduated with the degree of Mechanical Engineer in 1880. In his final year he assisted William A.Rogers, Professor of Astronomy at Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the design of a comparator for checking standards of length. In 1880 he joined the Pratt \& Whitney Company, Hartford, Connecticut, and was Manager of the Standards and Gauge Department from then until 1902. During this period he developed cylindrical, calliper, snap, limit, thread and other gauges. He also designed the Bond Standard Measuring Machine. Bond was elected a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1881 and of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1887, and served on many of their committees relating to standards and units of measurement.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Vice-President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1908–10. Honorary degrees of DEng, Stevens Institute of Technology 1921, and MSc, Trinity College, Hartford, 1927.
    Bibliography
    Engineers 3:122.
    1886, "Standard pipe and pipe threads", Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers 7:311.
    Further Reading
    "Report of the Committee on Standards and Gauges", 1883, Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers 4:21–9 (describes the Rogers-Bond Comparator).
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Bond, George Meade

  • 108 Drake, Edwin Laurentine

    [br]
    b. 29 March 1819 Greenville, New York, USA
    d. 8 November 1880 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
    [br]
    American pioneer oil driller.
    [br]
    He worked on his father's farm, was a clerk in a hotel and a store, and then became an express agent at a railway company in Springfield, Massachusetts, c.1845. After he had been working as a railway conductor in New Haven, Connecticut, for eight years, he resigned because of ill health. Owning some stocks in a Pennsylvania rock-oil company, which gathered oil from ground-level seepages mainly for medicinal use, he was engaged by this company and moved to Titusville, Pennsylvania, at the age of almost 40. After studying salt-well drilling by cable tool, which was still percussive, he became enthusiastic about the idea of using the same method to drill for oil, especially after researches in chemistry had revealed this new sort of fossil energy some years before.
    As a manager of the Seneca Oil Company, which referred to him as "Colonel" in letters of introduction simply to impress people with such titles, Drake began drilling in 1858, almost at the same time as pole-tool drilling for oil was started in Germany. His main contribution to the technology was the use of an iron pipe driven through the quicksand and the bedrock to prevent the bore-hole from filling. After nineteen months he struck oil at a depth of 21 m (69 ft) in August 1859. This was the first time that petroleum was struck at its source and the first proof of the presence of oil reservoirs within the earth's surface. Drake inaugurated the search for and the exploitation of the deep oil resources of the world and he initiated the science of petroleum engineering which became established at the beginning of the twentieth century.
    Drake failed to patent his drilling method; he was content being an oil commission merchant and Justice of the Peace in Titusville, which like other places in Pennsylvania became a boom town. Four years later he went to New York, where he lost all his money in oil speculations. He became very ill again and lived in poverty in Vermont and New Jersey until 1873, when he moved to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where he was pensioned by the state of Pennsylvania. The city of Titusville erected a monument to him and founded the Drake Museum.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Dictionary of American Biography, Vol. III, pp. 427–8.
    Ida M.Tarbell, 1904, "The birth of industry", History of the Standard Oil Company, Vol. I, New York (gives a lively description of the booming years in Pennsylvania caused by Drake's successful drilling).
    H.F.Williamson and A.R.Daum, 1959, The American Petroleum Industry. The Age of Illumination, Evans ton, Ill.
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Drake, Edwin Laurentine

  • 109 Pierce, John Robinson

    [br]
    b. 27 March 1910 Des Moines, Iowa, USA
    [br]
    American scientist and communications engineer said to be the "father" of communication satellites.
    [br]
    From his high-school days, Pierce showed an interest in science and in science fiction, writing under the pseudonym of J.J.Coupling. After gaining Bachelor's, Master's and PhD degrees at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) in Pasadena in 1933, 1934 and 1936, respectively, Pierce joined the Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City in 1936. There he worked on improvements to the travelling-wave tube, in which the passage of a beam of electrons through a helical transmission line at around 7 per cent of the speed of light was made to provide amplification at 860 MHz. He also devised a new form of electrostatically focused electron-multiplier which formed the basis of a sensitive detector of radiation. However, his main contribution to electronics at this time was the invention of the Pierce electron gun—a method of producing a high-density electron beam. In the Second World War he worked with McNally and Shepherd on the development of a low-voltage reflex klystron oscillator that was applied to military radar equipment.
    In 1952 he became Director of Electronic Research at the Bell Laboratories' establishment, Murray Hill, New Jersey. Within two years he had begun work on the possibility of round-the-world relay of signals by means of communication satellites, an idea anticipated in his early science-fiction writings (and by Arthur C. Clarke in 1945), and in 1955 he published a paper in which he examined various possibilities for communications satellites, including passive and active satellites in synchronous and non-synchronous orbits. In 1960 he used the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 30 m (98 1/2 ft) diameter, aluminium-coated Echo 1 balloon satellite to reflect telephone signals back to earth. The success of this led to the launching in 1962 of the first active relay satellite (Telstar), which weighed 170 lb (77 kg) and contained solar-powered rechargeable batteries, 1,000 transistors and a travelling-wave tube capable of amplifying the signal 10,000 times. With a maximum orbital height of 3,500 miles (5,600 km), this enabled a variety of signals, including full bandwidth television, to be relayed from the USA to large receiving dishes in Europe.
    From 1971 until his "retirement" in 1979, Pierce was Professor of Electrical Engineering at CalTech, after which he became Chief Technologist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratories, also in Pasadena, and Emeritus Professor of Engineering at Stanford University.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Morris N.Liebmann Memorial Award 1947; Edison Medal 1963; Medal of Honour 1975. Franklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Award 1960. National Medal of Science 1963. Danish Academy of Science Valdemar Poulsen Medal 1963. Marconi Award 1974. National Academy of Engineering Founders Award 1977. Japan Prize 1985. Arthur C.Clarke Award 1987. Honorary DEng Newark College of Engineering 1961. Honorary DSc Northwest University 1961, Yale 1963, Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute 1963. Editor, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 1954–5.
    Bibliography
    23 October 1956, US patent no. 2,768,328 (his development of the travelling-wave tube, filed on 5 November 1946).
    1947, with L.M.Field, "Travelling wave tubes", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio
    Engineers 35:108 (describes the pioneering improvements to the travelling-wave tube). 1947, "Theory of the beam-type travelling wave tube", Proceedings of the Institution of
    Radio Engineers 35:111. 1950, Travelling Wave Tubes.
    1956, Electronic Waves and Messages. 1962, Symbols, Signals and Noise.
    1981, An Introduction to Information Theory: Symbols, Signals and Noise: Dover Publications.
    1990, with M.A.Knoll, Signals: Revolution in Electronic Communication: W.H.Freeman.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Pierce, John Robinson

  • 110 Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma

    [br]
    b. 30 July 1889 Mourum (near Moscow), Russia
    d. 29 July 1982 New York City, New York, USA
    [br]
    Russian (naturalized American 1924) television pioneer who invented the iconoscope and kinescope television camera and display tubes.
    [br]
    Zworykin studied engineering at the Institute of Technology in St Petersburg under Boris Rosing, assisting the latter with his early experiments with television. After graduating in 1912, he spent a time doing X-ray research at the Collège de France in Paris before returning to join the Russian Marconi Company, initially in St Petersburg and then in Moscow. On the outbreak of war in 1917, he joined the Russian Army Signal Corps, but when the war ended in the chaos of the Revolution he set off on his travels, ending up in the USA, where he joined the Westinghouse Corporation. There, in 1923, he filed the first of many patents for a complete system of electronic television, including one for an all-electronic scanning pick-up tube that he called the iconoscope. In 1924 he became a US citizen and invented the kinescope, a hard-vacuum cathode ray tube (CRT) for the display of television pictures, and the following year he patented a camera tube with a mosaic of photoelectric elements and gave a demonstration of still-picture TV. In 1926 he was awarded a PhD by the University of Pittsburgh and in 1928 he was granted a patent for a colour TV system.
    In 1929 he embarked on a tour of Europe to study TV developments; on his return he joined the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) as Director of the Electronics Research Group, first at Camden and then Princeton, New Jersey. Securing a budget to develop an improved CRT picture tube, he soon produced a kinescope with a hard vacuum, an indirectly heated cathode, a signal-modulation grid and electrostatic focusing. In 1933 an improved iconoscope camera tube was produced, and under his direction RCA went on to produce other improved types of camera tube, including the image iconoscope, the orthicon and image orthicon and the vidicon. The secondary-emission effect used in many of these tubes was also used in a scintillation radiation counter. In 1941 he was responsible for the development of the first industrial electron microscope, but for most of the Second World War he directed work concerned with radar, aircraft fire-control and TV-guided missiles.
    After the war he worked for a time on high-speed memories and medical electronics, becoming Vice-President and Technical Consultant in 1947. He "retired" from RCA and was made an honorary vice-president in 1954, but he retained an office and continued to work there almost up until his death; he also served as Director of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research from 1954 until 1962.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Zworykin received some twenty-seven awards and honours for his contributions to television engineering and medical electronics, including the Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1965; US Medal of Science 1966; and the US National Hall of Fame 1977.
    Bibliography
    29 December 1923, US patent no. 2,141, 059 (the original iconoscope patent; finally granted in December 1938!).
    13 July 1925, US patent no. 1,691, 324 (colour television system).
    1930, with D.E.Wilson, Photocells and Their Applications, New York: Wiley. 1934, "The iconoscope. A modern version of the electric eye". Proceedings of the
    Institute of Radio Engineers 22:16.
    1946, Electron Optics and the Electron Microscope.
    1940, with G.A.Morton, Television; revised 1954.
    Further Reading
    J.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: History of the Television Industry 1925– 41: University of Alabama Press.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma

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