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1 HE, HIM
(personal 3rd sg. pronoun): As a pronominal suffix, the entire 3rd person singular “he, she, it” is expressed by the ending -s, e.g. caris *“(s)he/it does” (VT49:16, 48). Sometimes a verb with no pronominal ending whatsoever implies a subject “he, she, it”, e.g. nornë “he ran” (PE17:58), fírië “she has breathed forth” (MR:250), tinë “it glints” (TIN). A distinctly masculine ending -ro does occur in early material (antaváro “he will give”, LR:63), but was apparently abandoned by Tolkien. The ending -s may also appear in the “rare” longer form -së (VT49:51, descended from older -sse, VT49:20), perhaps distinctly personal (cf. násë “he [or she] is” vs. nás “it is”, VT49:27, 30). The ending -s is also attested in object position, e.g. melinyes “I love him” (VT49:21; this could also mean *”I love her” or *”I love it”). “He/she” (or even “it”, when some living thing is concerned) does have a distinct form when it appears as an independent pronoun: se (VT49:37), also with a long vowel (sé, VT49:51) when stressed. (Contrast the use of sa for “it” with reference to non-living things.) The independent form may also appear in object position: melin sé, “I love him [/her]” (VT49:21). Case endings may be added, e.g. allative sena or senna “at him [/her]”, “to him/her” (VT49:14, 45-46); se also appears suffixed to a preposition in the word ósë *”with him/her” (VT43:29). A distinct pronoun hé can be used for “he/she” = “the other”, as in a sentence like “I love him (sé) but not him (hé).” Genitive HIS/HER (or ITS, of a living thing) would normally appear as the ending -rya, e.g. coarya “his house” (WJ:369), máryat “her hands” (Nam), the latter with a dual ending following -rya. “His/her” as an independent word could be *senya (compare ninya “my” vs. ni “I”, nin “for me”). – Reflexive pronoun, see HIMSELF. –VT49:16, 51, VT43:29, VT49:15, LotR:1008 -
2 HIMSELF
(reflexive pronoun) immo (a general sg. reflexive pronoun, covering English "myself, him/herself, yourself"). A specific 3rd person reflexive pronoun "him/herself" is insë (for older imse; it is unclear whether the latter form was in use in later Quenya). A reflexive ending “he…himself” (and *”she…herself”) in -ssë existed at one conceptual stage (melissë, “he loves himself”), but it is uncertain how lasting this idea was, and the ending seems prone to confusion with other, similar endings. Another reflective ending is -xë (spelt “-kse” in the source), plural -xer, dual -xet. –VT47:37, VT49:21, 48 -
3 MARRY
verya- (intransitive, with the person one marries in the allative case: veryanen senna *“I married him/her”, compare English “I got married to him/her”, though the Quenya phrase is also suggested to mean “I was joined to him/her”). The word verya- also means “dare”, but since this is transitive and would always be followed by a direct object, the two verbs can be distinguished. –VT49:45, 46 -
4 HERSELF
(reflexive pronoun) immo (a general sg. reflexive pronoun, covering English "myself, him/herself, yourself"). A specific 3rd person reflexive pronoun "him/herself" is insë (for older imse; it is unclear whether the latter form was in use in later Quenya). See HIMSELF. –VT47:37 -
5 SOUND
(verb, "to sound") lamya-; SOUND (noun) lamma (= sound in general?), hlón (evidently hlon-, pl. hloni is attested) (noise), róma (= loud sound, trumpet-sound. Note: róma also means "shoulder"), láma (according to Etym = "ringing sound, echo", but see below); SOUND OF WIND sú; SOUND-TASTE lámatyávë (pl. lámatyáver is attested), i.e., "individual pleasure in the sounds and forms of words". Tolkien seems undecided about the exact meaning of láma. Etym gives "ringing sound, echo"; in WJ:416 it is said that the stem LAMA refers "especially to vocal sounds, but was applied only to those that were confused or inarticulate. It was generally used to describe the various cries of beasts." But the word lámatyávë "sound-taste", by which an Elf chose or made a name for him/herself [see NAME-CHOOSING], seems to imply that láma can also be used of artuculated speech. –LAM, WJ:394/VT48:29, ROM, VT47:12, MR:215, 216 -
6 MYSELF
(reflexive pronoun) immo (a general sg. reflexive pronoun, covering English "myself, him/herself, yourself"). A specific 1st person reflexive pronoun "myself" is imnë (for older imni; it is unclear whether the latter form was in use in later Quenya) –VT47:37
См. также в других словарях:
him — [ weak ım, strong hım ] pronoun *** Him can be used in the following ways: as a pronoun, being the object form of he: I don t trust him. My sister plays tennis with him. in a one word answer or after the verb to be : Who said that? Him. I knew it … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
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was after him — was following him, was chasing him, was tracking him down, was at his heels … English contemporary dictionary
was to his liking — was satisfactory to him, was attractive to him, was pleasant to him … English contemporary dictionary
was too harsh with him — was to severe in his treatment of him, exaggerated in his treatment of him … English contemporary dictionary
