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1 RING
\#corma (isolated from cormacolindor "Ring-bearers"). The title "Lord of the Rings" Tolkien translated as Heru i Million, with \#milli as the word for "rings" (singular *millë or less likely *mil with stem *mill-). The word *risil (quoted in archaic form rithil) appears in Rithil-Anamo or "Ring of Doom", the place where judgement was passed in Valinor; this would therefore be a "ring" on the ground. RING-DAY Cormarë (Yavannië 30th, a festival in honour of Frodo Baggins; this was his birthday). RING-WRAITHS Úlairi (Nazgûl) (pl; sg \#Úlairë? Note that Úlairi is not a literal translation of "ring-wraiths"; the prefix ú- may mean "un-" with evil connotation; the rest of the word is obscure. Lairë "summer" or "poem" can hardly have anything to do with \#lairi. The syllable úl- may also have something to do with the Black Speech word gûl, wraith, or else the meaning may be "unliving (= undead) ones", with the root LAY that is normally associated with greenness but also with life: *ú-lai-ri "un-live-ly ones") –LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, LotR.1146, WJ:401, Silm:362, 417 -
2 GIVE
anta- (pa.t. \#antanë is attested in VT49:14 [antanen “I gave”], though the pa.t. “gave” was ánë in early "Qenya", QL:31; possibly both forms are valid in later Quenya as well). In one text, Tolkien apparently used ana as the imperative "give!", but the text was rewritten and this may have been an ephemeral form (VT44:13). GIVE INSTRUCTIONS TO, see INSTRUCT. GIVER antë (f), anto (m) (the latter word from Etym is probably obsoleted by anto "mouth" in LotR:1157 – an alternative word for "[male] giver" might be *antando). Another fem. word for "giver" is \#ánië, isolated from massánië (see BREAD-GIVER). –ANA, VT44:13, PM:404 -
3 HEART
hón (physical heart), órë (inner mind – concerning this word, see SPIRIT) (Note: a homophone means "rising"), indo (mind, mood), enda (lit. "centre", not referring to the physical organ, but the fëa [soul] or sáma [mind] itself; enda may be the best word to use for the metaphorical “heart” in general), Tolkien’s early “Qenya” also has the word elwen. -HEARTED \#honda (isolated from sincahonda "flinthearted"). EYES OF HEARTSEASE (a name of the pansy) Helinyetillë HEART OF FLAME Naira (a name of the Sun), –KHŌ-N-, LotR:1157, ID, VT39:32, LT1:255, LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72, LT1:262, MR:198 -
4 PLACE
\#nómë (isolated from nómesseron, compound "of place-names", VT42:17). In Etym the word for "place" is men, though this word would clash with the dative pronoun *men "to/for us"; \#nómë may be preferred not only for clarity but also because it is apparently present in the LotR itself in the word sinomë "in this place" (Elendil's Oath); –nomë would be the compound form of nómë. It also occurs in tanomë “in the place (referred to)”. STONY PLACE sarnë (gloss misread as "strong place" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, see VT46:12). AT BACK OF PLACE, see BEHIND. Verb WISH TO GO TO A PLACE mína- (desire to go in some direction, make for it, have some end in view) –VT42:17, MEN, LotR:1003, SD:56, VT49:11, SAR, VT39:11 -
5 SHARP
maica (piercing), aica (fell, terrible, dire; this gloss "sharp" is isolated from one translation of Aicanáro:) SHARP-FLAME Aicanáro "Fell Fire, Aegnor" (so in Silm:435; MR:323 has Aicanár) In the printed Etymologies, a word for "keen, sharp, acute" is given as "laike" in the entry LAIK, but not only is this a misreading for "laika" (VT45:25): the conceptual validity of this word may be questioned because laika, laica is the word for "green" in later sources. –Silm:434, AYAK, MR:323, LAIK -
6 COUNT
– the stem not- can be isolated from the word for "countable", see below. It actually occurs in Etym, but is glossed "reckon" instead. COUNT UP onot- (cf. not- "reckon" – the perfect of both these verbs would presumably be *onótië), COUNTABLE \#nótima (isolated from únótimë "countless, not-countable, numberless", sg. únótima). NOT COUNTING hequa (leaving aside, excluding, except) –NOT, Nam, RGEO:67, VT39:14, WJ:364, 365 -
7 DEBTOR
\#rocindo, \#rucindo (isolated from rocindollomman, rucindollomman "from our debtors"). Used in one of the draft versions of Tolkien's Quenya version of the Lord's Prayer, the "debtors" denoted by this word may be sinners rather than simply people owing others money. Another version of the Prayer has \#lucando or \#lucindo as the word for "debtor" or "one who trespasses" (attested in the plural: lucandor, lucindor). –VT43:20 -
8 FLOWER
(large and single) lótë (often -lot in compounds). (The word lótë is usually applied to a large, single flower. From *ambalotsë "uprising-flower" [q.v.] \#lotsë can be isolated; this may be the more general word for "flower".) FLOWER OF THE WEST (a floral design) Númellóte. Cf. also indil, "lily, or other large single flower". PUT FORTH LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta- (emended from the actual reading lokta because Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) (sprout) –LOT(H), LT1:259, WJ:318, UT:227, 458, WJ:399, LT:258 -
9 GREY
\#mista (isolated from lassemista "leaf-grey"), also hiswa, but the most usual word for "grey" may be sindë (stem *sindi-) (Þ) or sinda (Þ). (WJ has sindë "pale or silvery grey", wheras sinda is given in Silm:438; cf. also sindanoriello "from a grey land", Sindacollo "Grey-cloak" and Sindar "Grey-Elves, *Grey Ones".)GREY-ELVES Sindar (Þ) (sg. Sinda), less commonly Sindeldi (sg Sindel); GREY-CLOAK Sindacollo, Singollo (Þ) (so in Silm:421; MR:217 has Sindicollo, presupposing sindë, sindi- as the word for "grey"); GREY-ELVEN sindarinwa (adj), Sindarin (= Grey-Elven language) (Þ) –LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, KHIS, LotR:1171, Silm:438, THIN/WJ:384, Nam, Silm:419, WJ:384, LotR:1157, 1161 -
10 HALL
\#mardë (isolated from oromardi "lofty halls, high-halls"; the singular may also be reconstructed as \#mar with stem mard-, which would make this the same word as the word for "home" or "dwelling", q.v.); ROCKHEWN HALL hróta (artificial cave, rockhewn hall), VAULTED HALL rondo –Nam/RGEO:66, PM:365, VT39:9 -
11 NAME
(noun) essë (pl. essi is attested, but see below concerning \#esser as a possible alternative pl. form. Note: the word essë was also used in the sense "person as a whole", body and soul.) AFTER-NAME epessë (i.e., "a nickname – mostly given as a title of admiration or honour"); MOTHER-NAME (OF INSIGHT) \#amilessë (tercenya) (i.e. names given by Elvish mothers to their children, indicating some dominant feature of the nature of the child as perceived by its mother. Only pl amilessi tercenyë is attested.) NAME OF INSIGHT \#essë tercenya (i.e., the same as "mother-name"; only pl essi tercenyë is attested); GIVEN (OR ADDED) NAME anessë (pl anessi is attested. This term includes both "after-names" and "mother-names".) NAME-MAKING Essecarmë (an Eldarin seremony in which the father of a child announces its name), NAME-CHOOSING Essecilmë (an Eldarin seremony in which a person chooses a name according to his or her personal lámatyávë or sound-taste); SELF-NAME \#cilmessë (only pl. cilmessi is attested, said to mean more literally "names of personal choice": \#cilmë "choice" + essi "names". PM:339 explains that "some among the exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or in reference to their own deeds and personal history: such names were called kilmessi 'self-names'.") PLACE NAME \#nómessë (isolated from the gen. pl. form nómesseron, "of place-names", VT42:17. This word suggests that the plural of essë can be esser as well as essi). –ES/LotR:1157/MR:216, UT:266, MR:217, 214, VT42:17 (verb) esta- –ES, VT45:12 -
12 BASE
sundo (Þ) (root, root-word) (pl. \#sundar, isolated from Tarmasundar in UT:166), talan (talam-) (floor, ground), talma (foundation, root); BASE-STRUCTURE sundocarmë (Þ) –SUD (but VT46:16 indicates that Tolkien changed the root to STUD, hence implying that sundo was originally Þundo), WJ:319, TALAM, TAL, LT:343 -
13 BELLIED
\#cumba (isolated from sauricumba "foulbellied"). This adjective may point to *cumbo or something similar as the likely word for "belly". –SD:68, 72 -
14 BOWL
tolpo, salpa, \#salpë (isolated from tanyasalpë "Bowl of Fire"), fion (goblet – but this word reappears with the unrelated meaning “hawk” in later material) –PE16:142, LT1:292, 253 -
15 FALL
(vb) lanta- (pres. pl. lantar, pl. past lantaner, future lantuva and part. \#lantala are attested); FALL (noun) lanta or \#lantë. (The first of these words occurs in the compound lasselanta "leaf-fall, Autumn", while \#lantë is isolated from Noldolantë "the Fall of the Noldor". From these examples it appears that a lanta is a physical fall, while a lantë is a moral fall. Perhaps the latter word can also be applied to a military defeat, as in "the fall of Gondolin".) THE FALLEN (= Númenor) Atalantë –DAT/DANT/MC:222, Nam, SD:246, VT49:47, LT1:254, Silm:102/414, TALÁT -
16 FINGER
(noun) leper (pl. leperi given). In an earlier source, the Etymologies, Tolkien gave the Quenya word for "finger" as lepsë (possibly with stem lepsi-, as indicated by the deleted ancestral form lepti, see VT45:27). The term ortil (ortill-, pl. ortilli given), "up-point", is also used for "finger". Special words for the various fingers, see THUMB, INDEX FINGER/FIRST FINGER, MIDDLE FINGER, FOURTH FINGER, LITTLE FINGER. Adj. FINGERED \#lepta (isolated from raccalepta "clawfingered") PICK (UP, OUT) WITH THE FINGERS or FEEL WITH FINGERTIPS lepta- –VT44:16/VT45:27/VT47:10 14, 24, LEP, SD:68, 72 (vb) lepta- (feel with fingertips; to pick up/out with the fingers) –VT44:16, VT47:10, 25 -
17 GUARD
– use the word glossed "watch, heed", q.v. Cf. LT1:258. For "guard" as a noun, \#tirno "watcher" may be isolated from halatirno (see FISHWATCHER) -
18 PERPETUAL
\#oien (isolated from oiencarmë "perpetual production" – but it has also been suggested that this is oi-en-carmë *"ever-re-making", so the word \#oien is rather doubtful) –MR:329 -
19 TRESPASS
(noun) \#úcarë (isolated from úcaremmar "our sins/trespasses"; verb úcar- "to sin, trespass" (pl. aorist úcarer, úcarir attested). The noun \#úcarë was the word used in Tolkien's final version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer; a draft version has \#rohta (pl. rohtar) = "trespass" or "debt". Compare TRESPASSERS \#rohtalië or \#ruhtalië (i.e. "trespass-people", incorporating lië "people"?) from the same source. For other words for "trespasser" or "debtor", see DEBTOR. –VT43:19, 21 -
20 WANDER
ranya- (only glossed "stray" under RAN, but cf. Silm:436: "ran- 'wander, stray'" and the following word:) WANDERING (noun) ránë (straying) (pl. probably *ráner not ráni; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste" pl tyáver.) WANDERER Rána (a name of the Moon), \#ran (isolated from Palarran "far-wanderer", the name of a ship) –RAN, Silm:436, UT:460, 461
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