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21 economics
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22 industrial organization
1) сокр. IO эк. экономика [теория организации\] промышленности [отрасли\], теория отраслевых рынков (область прикладной микроэкономики, связанная с изучением поведения фирм при различных рыночных структурах, а также результатов рыночной деятельности; непосредственно связана с теорией антимонопольного регулирования)Syn:See:applied microeconomics, market structure, market conduct, market performance, structure-conduct-performance, Archibald, George Christopher, Archibald, George Christopher, Archibald, George Christopher, Archibald, George Christopher, Archibald, George Christopher2) эк. промышленное предприятие* * ** * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .Англо-русский экономический словарь > industrial organization
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23 economics
экономика (как наука) ; политэкономия ; экономическая теория ; экономические закономерности ; ? economics of enterprise ; ? economics of industrial firm ; ? economics of input and output ; ? economics of planning ; ? economics department ; ? applied econ -
24 industrial democracy
соц., упр. промышленная [индустриальная, производственная\] демократия (участие работников в принятии решений по управлению производством и организации труда; осуществляется на уровне всего предприятия в виде самоуправления, производственных кооперативов и на уровне отдельного подразделения в виде создание бригад)Syn:See:workers' control, workers' cooperative, collective bargaining, autonomous work group, self-management, participatory economics
* * *
промышленная демократия: принцип допуска рабочих к участию в управлении предприятием (напр., кооперативы в США, киббутцы в Израиле, система самоуправления в Югославии и на Ямайке и др.).* * ** * *система, при которой работники участвуют в управлении организацией или в распределении ее прибылей -
25 economics of enterprise
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26 economics of industrial firm
экономика промышленной фирмы ;Англо-Русский словарь финансовых терминов > economics of industrial firm
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27 economics of industrial firm
экономика промышленной фирмыАнгло-русский словарь экономических терминов > economics of industrial firm
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28 community economics
эк., соц. местная экономика* (использование местного сообщества (города, деревни) как самостоятельного экономического образования, максимально независимого от национальных или глобальных поставщиков)The movement for a ‘community economics’ is well underway in the industrial world as well. — "Местная экономика" становится все более популярной и в развитых странах.
Fundamental to community economics is local access to food supply. — Ключевую роль для местной экономики играет локальное производство продуктов питания.
Syn:See: -
29 экономика промышленности
industrial economicsБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > экономика промышленности
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30 innovation
инновации
1. Процесс создания и освоения новых технологий и продуктов, приводящий к повышению эффективности производства. 2. Новая техника, технологии, являющиеся результатом научно-технического прогресса. Инновации, в современных условиях, достигаются преимущественно путем инвестиций в нематериальные активы (НИОКР, информационные технологии, переподготовку кадров, привлечение покупателей) Инновации в самом общем смысле, прежде всего, делятся на два класса: инновации процесса и инновации продукта, хотя они тесно связаны между собой; возможно как изготовление нового продукта старыми методами, так и изготовление старого продукта новыми методами – и наоборот. Не следует смешивать понятия инноваций и изобретений. Второе – более узко, относится к технике и технологии. Однако порою простая реорганизация производства ( а это организационная инновация) может принести не меньший экономический эффект, чем изобретение, техническое усовершенствование. Инновации – основа и движущая сила научно-технического прогресса во всех его видах: трудосберегающего, капиталосберегающего, нейтрального. Основоположник теории инноваций австрийский экономист Й.Шумпетер утверждал, что двигателем экономического развития выступает предприимчивость, выражающаяся в постоянном поиске новых комбинаций факторов производства, дающих предпринимателю возможность получать прибыль, большую по сравнению со средней. Все инновации связаны с большой долей риска. Но известно и другое: отказ от инноваций является еще более рисковым делом, поскольку ведет к замедлению научно-технического прогресса и экономического роста в целом.См. Диффузия инноваций.
[ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]Тематики
EN
инновация
1. Вложение средств в экономику, обеспечивающее смену поколений техники и технологии.
2. Новая техника, технология, являющиеся результатом достижений научно-технического прогресса. Развитие изобретательства, появление пионерских и крупных изобретений является существенным фактором инновации.
[ http://www.lexikon.ru/dict/buh/index.html]
инновация
1.- См статью Иннновации, 2. — результат вложения средств (инвестиций) в разработку новой техники и технологии, во внедрение новых форм бизнеса, современных методов работы на рынке, новых товаров и услуг, финансовых инструментов.
[ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]Параллельные тексты EN-RU из ABB Review. Перевод компании Интент
Partners in technologyNew challenges to a history of cooperation with customersПартнеры по технологииНовые уроки сотрудничества с заказчикамиABB’s predecessor companies, ASEA and BBC, were founded almost 120 years ago in a time when electromagnetism and Maxwell’s equations were considered “rocket science.” Since then several technological transitions have occurred and ABB has successfully outlived them all while many other companies vanished at some point along the way. This has been possible because of innovation and a willingness to learn from history. Understanding historical connections between products, technology and industrial economics is extremely Partners in technology New challenges to a history of cooperation with customers George A. Fodor, Sten Linder, Jan-Erik Ibstedt, Lennart Thegel, Fredrik Norlund, Håkan Wintzell, Jarl Sobel important when planning future technologies and innovations.Предшественницы АББ, компании ASEA и BBC, были основаны почти 120 лет назад, в то время, когда электромагнетизм и уравнения Максвелла считались «космическими технологиями». С тех пор прошло несколько технических революций и АББ успешно пережила их все, в то время как многие другие компании затерялись по дороге. Это стало возможным, благодаря постоянным инновациям и стремлению учиться на уроках истории. Для планирования будущих технологий и инноваций огромную роль играет понимание исторических взаимосвязей между продуктами, технологиями и экономикойThese connections rely on information channels in companies and their existence cannot be underestimated if a company is to survive. An organization can acquire more information than any one individual, and the optimal use of this information depends on the existence and types of communication channels between those working in a company and the relevant people outside it.Эти взаимосвязи опираются на существующие в компании информационные каналы и, если компания намерена выжить, их значение нельзя недооценивать. Организация может накопить значительно больше информации, чем любой отдельный человек, и оптимальное использование этой информации зависит от наличия и типов коммуникационных каналов между работниками компании и причастными людьми за ее пределами.Force Measurement, a division of ABB AB, has a long tradition of innovation. Thanks to strong ties with its customers, suppliers, research institutes and universities, Force Measurement provides state-of-the-art equipment for accurate and reliable measurement and control in a broad range of applications. At the same time, established principles such as Maxwell’s equations continue to be applied in new and surprisingly innovative ways to produce products that promote long-term growth and increased competitiveness.Группа измерения компании АББ имеет давние традиции использования инноваций. Благодаря прочным связям с заказчиками, поставщиками, исследовательскими институтами и университетами, она создает уникальное оборудование для точных и надежных измерений в самых разных областях. В то же время незыблемые принципы, подобные уравнениям Максвелла, продолжают применяться новыми и удивительно инновационными способами, позволяя создавать продукты, обеспечивающие устойчивый рост и высокую конкурентоспособность.Innovation is a key factor if companies and their customers are to survive what can only be called truly testing times. The target of innovation is to find and implement ideas that reshape industries, reinvent markets and redesign value chains, and many of these ideas come from innovative customers.Если компания и ее заказчики намерены пережить тяжелые времена, то основное внимание следует обратить на инновации. Целью инноваций является поиск и воплощение идей, позволяющих перевернуть промышленность, заново открыть рынки и перестроить стоимостные цепочки, причем многие из этих идей поступают от заказчиков.Key to successful innovation is communication or the types of information channels employed by firms [1, 2]. A global company like ABB, with offices and factories spanning 90 countries, faces many challenges in maintaining information channels. First of all, there are the internal challenges. Ideas need to be evaluated from many different perspectives to determine their overall impact on the market. Selecting the most effective ones requires expertise and teamwork from the various business, marketing and technology competence groups. Just as important are the channels of communication that exist between ABB, and its customers and suppliers.Секрет успешных инноваций кроется в типах используемых фирмой информационных каналов [1, 2]. Глобальные компании, подобные АББ, с офисами и заводами более чем в 90 странах, сталкиваются с серьезными проблемами управления информационными каналами. Во-первых, существуют внутренние проблемы. Чтобы определить ценность идеи и ее общее влияние на рынок, ее нужно подвергнуть всесторонней оценке. Выбор наиболее эффективных идей требует коллективной работы различных экономических, маркетинговых и технологических групп. Не менее важны и коммуникационные каналы между компанией АББ и ее заказчиками и поставщиками.Many of ABB’s customers come from countries that are gradually developing strong technology and scientific cultures thanks to major investments in very ambitious research programs. China and India, for example, are two such countries. In fact, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is currently conducting research projects in all state of-the-art technologies. Countries in Africa and Eastern Europe are capitalizing on their pool of young talent to create a culture of technology development. Emerging markets, while welcome, mean stiffer competition, and competition to companies like ABB encourages even greater levels of innovationМногие заказчики АББ пришли из стран, постоянно развивающих сильную технологию и научную культуру путем крупных инвестиций в грандиозные исследовательские программы. К таким странам относятся, например, Индия и Китай. На самом деле, Китайская академия наук ведет исследования по всем перспективным направлениям. Страны Африки и Восточной Европы делают ставку на молодые таланты, которым предстоит создавать культуру технологического развития. Новые рынки, хоть и привлекательны, ужесточают конкуренцию, а конкуренция с такими компаниями, как АББ способствует повышению уровня инноваций.Many customers, similar stories Backed by 120 years of technological development and experience, ABB continues to produce products and services in many automation, power generation and robotics fields, and the examples described in the following section illustrate this broad customer range.Заказчиков много, история однаОпираясь более чем на 120-летний опыт технологического развития, АББ продолжает выпускать продукты и оказывать услуги во многих отраслях, связанных с автоматизацией, генерацией энергии и робототехникой. Приведенные далее при меры иллюстрируют широкий диапазон таких заказчиков.Тематики
EN
3.1.29 инновация (innovation): Конечный результат инновационной деятельности, получивший реализацию в виде нового или усовершенствованного продукта, реализуемого на рынке, нового или усовершенствованного технологического процесса, используемого в практической деятельности.
Источник: ГОСТ Р 54147-2010: Стратегический и инновационный менеджмент. Термины и определения оригинал документа
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > innovation
31 international
прил.1) общ. международный; интернациональный (связанный с двумя или более странами, относящийся к нескольким странам, происходящий при участии нескольких стран или их представителей)international peace — международный мир, мир во всем мире
Syn:See:International Accounting Standards, international adjudication, international administration, international administrative law, international affairs, international agency, international agreement, international arbitrage, international arbitration, International Baccalaureate, International Bank Account Number, international bill of exchange, international bond, international borrowing and lending, international business, international business administration, international capital flows, international cartel, international commerce, international commercial arbitration, international commercial law, international commodity agreement, international commodity body, international company, International Comparison Program, international competition, international competitive bidding, international competitiveness, international competitor, International Conference on Financing for Development, international contract, international cooperation, international copyright, international corporation, international credit, International Data Base, international dealer, international debt, international deficit, international delinquency, international department, International Depositary Receipt, International Depository Receipt, international development bank, international diplomacy, international distortion, international diversification, international division, international division of factors, international division of labour, international divorce, international economics, international equity, international equity fund, international exchange ratio, international extradition, international factor movements, international factoring, international finance, international finance subsidiary, international financial institution, international financial system, international firm, international fund, international institution, international investment, international investment position, international investor, international jurist, international labour migration, international law, international leasing, international legal capacity, international liquidity, international load line, international macroeconomics, international management, international market, international marketer, international marketing, international marketing environment, international microeconomics, international migration, international monetary arrangement, international monetary cooperation, international monetary economics, international monetary order, international monetary reform, international monetary reserves, international monetary system, international multimodal transport, international mutual fund, international name, international order, international organization, international payments, international policy coordination, international politics, international private law, international promissory note, international public law, international relations, international reserve currency, international reserve system, international reserves, international sale, international sales contract, international securities, International Securities Identification Number, international standard, International Standard Audiovisual Number, International Standards of Accounting and Reporting, International Standards on Auditing, international surplus, international technology transfer, international tender, international terrorism, international trade, international trademark, international trading company, international transportation, international travel, International Atomic Energy List, International Banking Act, International Bovine Meat Agreement, International Coffee Agreement, International Commercial Terms, International Dairy Arrangement, International Emergency Economic Powers Act, International Financial Reporting Standards, International Gold Pool, International Grains Agreement, International Industrial List, International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, International Market Insight, International Merchandise Trade Statistics, International Munitions List, International Olive Oil Agreement, International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms, International Safety Management Code, International Standard Classification of Occupations, International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities, International Sugar Agreement, International Traffic in Arms Regulations, International Wheat Agreement, International Accounting Standards Board, International Accounting Standards Committee, International Accreditation Forum, International Actuarial Association, International Advertising Association, International Air Transport Association, International Anticounterfeiting Coalition, International Association for Feminist Economics, International Association for Financial Planning, International Association for Insurance Law, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, International Association for the Protection of Industrial Property, International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property, International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics, International Association of Administrative Professionals, International Association of Book-keepers, International Association of Classification Societies, International Association of Financial Executives Institutes, International Association of Insurance Supervisors, International Association of Mutual Insurance Companies, International Association of Political Science, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, International Auditing Practices Committee, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Banking Facility, International Broadcasting Bureau, International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property, International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, International Chamber of Commerce, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Cocoa Organization, International Coffee Organization, International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, International Congress of Accountants, International Congress of Actuaries, International Convention for Safe Containers, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Conference on Financing for Development, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations2) общ. международный (распространенный, действующий за пределами национальных границ)See:
* * *
international settlements межгосударственные расчеты, осуществляемые центральными банками.32 applied microeconomics
эк. прикладная микроэкономика (область прикладной экономики, в которой методы микроэкономической теории применяются к решению конкретных хозяйственных проблем)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > applied microeconomics
33 financial
прил.1) фин. финансовый, денежный (относящийся к деньгам, касающихся денежных вопросов)See:2) фин. финансовый ( относящийся в управлению финансовыми ресурсами)financial market — финансовый рынок, рынок финансов
See:financial accounting, financial adviser, financial analysis, financial analyst, financial asset, financial consultant, financial control, financial director, financial economics, financial investment, financial leverage, financial management, financial ratio, financial statement, financial analyst, financial capital, financial consultant, financial contract, financial credit, financial credit risk, financial decision, financial economics, financial engineering, financial expense, financial futures, financial innovation, financial institution, financial instrument, financial intermediary, financial liquidity, financial manager, financial market, financial marketing, financial modelling, financial officer, financial options, financial performance, financial plan, financial planning, financial position, financial pyramid, financial reinsurance, financial report, financial risk, financial statement, financial supermarket, financial system, financial tables, financial year, Certified in Financial Management, Debt Management and Financial Analysis System, Financial Analysis Journal, Financial Times, Financial Times Actuaries All Share Index, Financial Times Actuaries Share Indexes, Financial Times Index, Financial Times Industrial Ordinary Share Index, Financial Times World Index, Hulbert Financial Digest, NASDAQ Financial-100 Index, Financial Reporting Release, Financial Services Act 1986, Financial Services and Markets Act, Financial Statement and Budget Report, Association of Financial Professionals, Certified Financial Planner Board, Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, Financial Analysts Federation, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, Financial Executives International, Financial Instruments Exchange, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association, Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association34 consumer
сущ.1) эк. потребитель; покупательATTRIBUTES: average 2. 1), 2. 2), conventional 2. 2), end 1. 1), final 1. 1), individual 1. 2), industrial 1. 1), а, loyal 1. 1), potential 2. 2), prospective 2. 2), rational 2. 1), reasonable 2. 1), representative 2. 2), n2, target 3. 1), ultimate 2. 2), n1
British consumers are paying much more than their counterparts in mainland Europe for a wide range of goods. — Британские потребители покупают многие товары по значительно более высокой цене, чем потребители материковой Европы.
Our consumers expect products which are not only delicious (and safe) but which have been produced fairly and ethically. — Наши потребители ожидают таких продуктов, которые не только вкусны и безопасны для здоровья, но еще и были произведены надлежащим образом и в согласии с этическими нормами.
An average consumer for heating in Turkey uses fuel wood at a rate of 0.75 m3 yr. — Среднестатистический потребитель отопления в Турции использует 0,75 м3 в год древесного топлива.
See:average consumer, conventional consumer, disadvantaged consumer, end consumer, end-consumer, fickle consumer, final consumer, green consumers, heat consumer, individual consumer, industrial consumer, interested consumer, intermediate consumer, loyal consumer, manipulated consumer, potential consumer, price-conscious consumer, price-sensitive consumer, prospective consumer, rational consumer, reasonable consumer, representative consumer, savvy consumer, target consumer, ultimate consumer, water consumer, consumer acceptance, consumer account, consumer activist, consumer advertisement, consumer advertising, consumer advisory board, consumer advisory council, consumer advocate, consumer affluence, consumer analysis, consumer anticipations, consumer appeal, consumer attitude, consumer audience, consumer awareness, consumer bank, consumer basket, consumer behaviour, consumer benefit, consumer boom, consumer brochure, consumer budget, consumer business, consumer buying decision, consumer capitalism, consumer choice, consumer clinic, consumer club, consumer commodities, consumer communications, consumer comparison, consumer complaint, consumer confidence, consumer container, consumer cooperation, consumer cooperative, consumer council, consumer credit, consumer culture, consumer debenture, consumer decision making, consumer deficit, consumer delivery, consumer demand, consumer diary, consumer discrimination, consumer durable product, consumer durables, consumer economics, consumer education, consumer effect, consumer electronics, consumer environment, consumer equilibrium, consumer evaluation, consumer expectations, consumer expenditure, consumer favour, consumer feedback, consumer finance company, consumer flow, consumer franchise, consumer fraud, consumer goods, consumer group, consumer guide, consumer habit, consumer impression, consumer income, consumer inertia, consumer information, consumer inquiry, consumer insurance, consumer interest, consumer interview, consumer items, consumer jury, consumer knowledge, consumer language, consumer law, consumer learnings, consumer lease, consumer leasing, consumer legislation, consumer lifestyle, consumer lines, consumer list, consumer loan, consumer lobby, consumer loyalty, consumer magazine, consumer market, consumer marketing, consumer motivation, consumer movement, consumer needs, consumer non-durables, consumer orientation, consumer pack, consumer panel, consumer patronage, consumer perception, consumer personality, consumer policy, consumer population, consumer practice, consumer preferences, consumer premium, consumer pressure, consumer price, consumer products, consumer profile, consumer promotion, consumer properties, consumer protection, consumer psychologist, consumer psychology, consumer publication, consumer purchase, consumer purchaser, consumer rating, consumer reaction, consumer relations, consumer report, consumer research, consumer resistance, consumer response, consumer rights, consumer sale, consumer sales, consumer satisfaction, consumer segment, consumer service, consumer services, consumer setting, consumer shopping, consumer society, consumer sophistication, consumer sovereignty, consumer spending, consumer spendings, consumer study, consumer surplus, consumer survey, consumer tastes, consumer trade practices, consumer trends, consumer use tests, consumer utility, consumer valuation, consumer value, consumer vulnerability, consumer warranty, consumer waste, consumer wealth, consumer welfare, consumer's account, consumers' attitude, consumer's choice, consumer's cooperative, consumer's demand, consumers expenditure, consumer's goods, consumer's indifference curve, consumers market, consumers' market, consumers' panel, consumer's point, consumers' preference, consumers' remedy, consumer's surplus, consumers' surplus, consumer's test, consumer's wants, cost to consumer, price to consumer COMBS: business to consumer, business-to-consumer, business-to-consumer firm, competition for the consumer's dollar, Consumer Credit Act 1974, Consumer Credit Protection Act, Consumer Goods Pricing Act, Consumer Magazine and Agri-Media Rates and Data, Consumer Product Safety Act, Consumer Products Warranties Act, Consumer Protection Act 1961, Consumer Protection Act 1971, Consumer Reports, Consumer Safety Act 1978, Department of Banking and Consumer Finance v. Clarke, Ethical Consumer, Farmer-to-Consumer Direct Marketing Act, Home Equity Loan Consumer Protection Act, Telephone Consumer Protection Act 1991, Uniform Consumer Credit Code, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Consumer Bankers Association, consumer confidence, consumer expenditure2) биол., эк. прир. консумент (организм, который потребляет другие организмы; выделяют первичные, вторичные и третичные консументы)See:
* * *
потребитель: лицо, которое в конечном итоге пользуется данным товаром или услугой (это не всегда покупатель).* * *35 capitalism
сущ.а) эк., соц. (экономическая система, основанная на частной собственности, свободе предпринимательства и рыночной координации действий экономических агентов)See:authoritarian capitalism, black capitalism, collective capitalism, competitive capitalism, consumer capitalism, corporate capitalism, crony capitalism, democratic capitalism, disorganized capitalism, distributed capitalism, industrial capitalism, laissez-faire capitalism, late capitalism, mixed capitalism, neoliberal capitalism, people's capitalism, predatory capitalism, pure capitalism, rational capitalism, regulated capitalism, spirit of capitalism, brute capitalism, moral capitalism, economic organizationб) маркс. (исторически обусловленная преходящая общественно-экономическая формация, основанная на использовании наемного труда и частной собственности на средства производства; предполагает присвоение собственниками средств производства части результатов труда рабочих (эксплуатацию); введение в употребление термина capitalism часто приписывают К. Марксу, но в своих работах Маркс его не использовал, хотя и употреблял термины capital и capitalist; слово capitalism вошло в активный оборот после книги В. Зомбарта "Современный капитализм")See:social-economic formation, exploitation, advanced capitalism, moribund capitalism, self-destruction of capitalism, premonopoly capitalism, monopoly capitalism, state capitalism, state monopoly capitalism
* * *
капитализм: экономическая система, основанная на частной собственности, законе спроса и предложения, предпринимательстве, принципе получения прибыли, свободе выбора потребителя, конкуренции и ценообразования; в чистой форме не существует; как правило, характеризуется менее жестким государственным регулированием экономической системы; впервые описана Адамом Смитом в 1776 г.; см. classical economics;* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .36 economic culture
эк., соц. хозяйственная [экономическая\] культура (совокупность накопленных профессиональных знаний и навыков, а также правил поведения, системы ценностей, значений и символов)America’s laissez faire economic culture is underlined by its Constitution. — Американская экономическая культура свободного предпринимательства заложена в конституции этой страны.
See:37 economic sociology
соц. экономическая социология (направление в социологии, в котором рассматривается экономическая жизнь человека и общества с точки зрения социальных явлений (культуры, связей и т. д.), а также отношения между хозяйством и обществом, экономическими и социальными институтами; термин впервые употребил У. Джевонс в 1879 г., затем его взяли на вооружение Э. Дюркгейм (sociologie économique) и М. Вебер (Wirtschaftssoziologie))See:classical economic sociology, new economic sociology, sociological economics, organizational theory, industrial sociology, sociology of work, Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat38 institution
сущ.1) общ. общество, организация, учреждение, институт (организация, созданная для определенных целей: научных, образовательных, религиозных, коммерческих и т. д.)See:private institution, public institution, thrift institution, depository institution, lending institution, private educational institution, British Standards Institution, international institution2) общ. учреждение, основание, введение (акт создания какой-л. организации или какого-л. порядка)However, industry continues to fight against institution of a new standard. — Тем не менее отрасль продолжает сопротивляться введению нового стандарта.
Syn:3) эк. институт (формальные и неформальные правила поведения, а также механизмы, обеспечивающие их выполнение; созданные обществом правила игры, которым следуют все члены этого общества)See:informal institution, formal institution, institutional arrangement, institutional environment, institutional framework, institutional economics, organization, social institution
* * *
институт, учреждение, организация, корпорация.39 policy
I сущ.общ. политика, курс, стратегия [методика, линия\] поведения [действия\] (совокупность принципов, направлений и способов деятельности в определенной области)policy of neutrality, neutrality policy — политика нейтралитета
policy of appeasement, appeasement policy — политика умиротворения
near-optimal policy — политика, близкая к оптимальной
short-sighted [myopic\] policy — недальновидная [близорукая\] политика
subtle policy — тонкая [умная\] политика
prudent policy — разумная [предусмотрительная\] политика
cautious policy — осторожная [осмотрительная\] политика
clear-cut [clear\] policy — четкая [ясная\] политика
rigid policy — твердая [жесткая\] политика
sound [wise\] policy — здравая [мудрая\] политика
long-run [long-range\] policy — долгосрочная политика, политика дальнего прицела
consistent policy — последовательная [неизменная\] политика
deliberate policy — обдуманная [взвешенная\] политика
moderate policy — умеренная [сдержанная\] политика
to carry out [to conduct, to operate\] a policy — проводить политику
to implement a policy — осуществлять [проводить\] политику
to effect a policy — осуществлять [реализовать\] политику
to set [to set down\] a policy — устанавливать политику
to form [shape\] a policy — вырабатывать политику
to reverse a policy — резко [круто\] изменить политику
to adhere to [to follow, to pursue\] a policy — следовать политике, придерживаться политики, проводить политику
to ease [to relax\] policy — ослаблять [смягчать\] политику
easing [relaxation, ease\] of policy — ослабление [смягчение\] политики
policy tool — средство проведения политики, орудие [инструмент\] политики
policy manual — руководство, инструкция
policy objective — цель [задача\] политики
two-track [twin\] policy — двойственная политика
government policy on wages [wages policy\] — государственная политика в области оплаты труда
information policy — информационная политика, политика в области информации
language policy — языковая политика, политика в области [в отношении\] языка
export policy — экспортная политика, политика в области экспорта
import policy — импортная политика, политика в области импорта
education policy, educational policy — образовательная политика, политика в области образования
science policy — научная политика, политика в области науки
fishery policy, fisheries policy — политика рыболовства, политика в области рыболовства, рыболовная политика
privacy policy — политика конфиденциальности, политика (в отношении) конфиденциальности личной [частной\] информации
Our policy is to submit all contracts to the legal department. — Мы придерживаемся политики предоставления всех контрактов на изучение в юридический отдел.
It is not the normal policy of the council to give grants for more than three years. — Выдавать гранты более чем на три года не в правилах совета.
The government made a policy statement [a statement of policy\]. — Правительство сделало программное заявление.
for reasons of policy — по политическим соображениям, по соображениям политики
The first step in ensuring your computer security is up to scratch is to write a security policy. — Первый шаг на пути обеспечения поддержания вашей компьютерной безопасности на должном уровне — разработка политики безопасности.
See:agricultural policy, anti-inflationary policy, antitrust policy, beggar-thy-neighbour policy, benign neglect policy, budgetary policy, business policy, commercial policy 1), competition policy, consumer policy, corporate social policy, countercyclical policy, credit policy, currency policy, customs policy, demographic policy, discount policy, economic policy, employment policy, environmental policy, exchange policy, exchange rate policy, fiscal policy, foreign policy, foreign exchange policy ! foreign trade policy, good neighbour policy, home policy, incomes policy, industrial policy, inflationary policy, investment policy, monetary policy, open-door policy, open market policy, organizational policy, policy of continuity, policy of drift, policy of obstruction, population policy, procurement policy, social policy, stocking policy, tax policy, trade policy, wages policy, wholesale policy, policy committee, policy departure, policy economics, policy maker, policymaker, policy reversal, politics, technique, procedureII сущ.страх. (страховой) полис (документ, который выдается страховщиком страхователю в подтверждение заключения договора страхования; содержит условия страхования; служит юридическим доказательством заключения договора страхования)to issue [write up, write\] a policy — выдавать [выписывать\] полис
to take out a policy — получить [приобрести\] полис, застраховаться
to effect a policy — застраховаться, приобрести полис
to carry a policy — иметь (страховой) полис, быть застрахованным
to purchase [to buy\] a policy — покупать полис
to obtain [get\] a policy — приобрести полис
to terminate a policy — прекратить действие полиса, аннулировать полис
termination of a policy — прекращение действия [аннулирование\] полиса
to void a policy — признавать полис недействительным, аннулировать полис
to keep a policy in force — поддерживать полис в силе, сохранять действие полиса
This policy covers the cost of injury or damage caused by another driver who is not insured. — Этот полис покрывает [страхует, распространяется на\] расходы, связанные с травмой или ущербом, причиненным незастрахованным водителем. [Этот полис предоставляет страховую защиту от расходов, связанных с травмой или ущербом, причиненным незастрахованным водителем.\]
This portion of the policy covers you in the event a claim or lawsuit is brought against you for bodily injury or property damage as the result of an accident or event occurring on your property. — Эта часть полиса предоставляет вам страховую защиту в случае [страхует вас на случай\] подачи жалобы или иска против вас в связи с нанесением телесных повреждений или имущественного ущерба в результате несчастного случая или иного события, произошедшего на территории вашего владения.
to be covered by a policy — покрываться [охватывается, страховаться\] полисом
$500000 insurance policy, insurance policy of $500000 — страховой полис на сумму $500000
policy amount, amount of a policy — сумма полиса
a policy expires, a policy lapses, a policy matures — срок действия полиса истекает
expired [lapsed, matured\] policy — истекший [прекративший действие\] полис
policy endorsement, endorsement to a policy, policy rider, rider to a policy — приложение [дополнение\] к полису
Syn:See:cargo policy, commercial policy 2), tenant's policy, accident policy, annual policy, annuity policy, assessable policy, automobile liability policy, blanket policy, business auto policy, business owners policy, cancellable policy, claims-made policy, combination policy, commercial package policy, convertible policy, dental policy, endowment policy, equity-linked policy, fire policy, floating policy, general liability policy, group policy, homeowner's policy, individual policy, joint policy, life insurance policy, long-term policy, master policy, non-assessable policy, noncancellable policy, non-participating policy, non-qualifying policy, non-tax-qualified policy, occurrence policy, open policy, package policy, paid-up policy, participating policy, partnership policy, personal auto policy, professional liability policy, rated policy, qualifying policy, renewable policy, single premium policy, short-term policy, surplus lines policy, survivorship policy, tax-qualified policy, unit-linked policy, valued policy, certificate of insurance, insurance contract, cover note, policyholder, insurance, assurance, insurance identification card, insurer, insured, insurance money, insured event, insured loss, insurance claim, insurance period, insurance premium, declarations section, coverage part, exclusion, rider
* * *
страховой полис; = insurance policy.* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *см. agreement40 IIE
1) Общая лексика: Institution of Incorporated Engineers2) Американизм: Integrated Information Environment3) Военный термин: Installation Identification Element4) Техника: Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas5) Оптика: Institute of Industrial Engineers6) Сокращение: Institute for International Economics7) Нефть: institute of international educationСтраницыСм. также в других словарях:
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