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1 POWER
For "power" as an abstract, the word túrë "mastery, strength, might" may be used. The word Valar is sometimes translated "the Powers" (and the sg. vala is defined as "angelic power" in LotR Appendix E), but this word obviously has a specialized meaning: the "gods" of Tolkien's legendarium. -
2 ANGELIC POWER
Vala (pl. Valar or Vali, gen. pl. Valion is attested in Fíriel's Song); ANGELIC SPIRIT Ainu, f. Aini (holy one, god) –LotR:1157/BAL/FS, AYAN, LT1:248 -
3 AUTHORITY
Máhan (pl Máhani is given, but seems perfectly regular). Tolkien once stated that Valar should strictly be translated "the Authorities" (MR:350), but Vala obviously cannot be used to translate "authority" in general; it was used only of the Valar themselves (WJ:404). Cf. also adj. valya "having (divine) authority or power". Máhani was adopted from Valarin and originally probably referred to the Valar themselves. We are not told whether Máhan could or should be applied to a non-divine authority (at least it should not be capitalized if so used). Note: Máhan means *"Supreme One" rather than "authority" as an abstract. –MR:350, BAL, WJ:399/402 -
4 CHIEF
(adj) héra (principal); CHIEF (noun) \#turco (isolated from Turcomund "chief of bulls, *chief bull"; this may not be pure Quenya, but Turco appears as a the short name of Turcafinwë, Celegorm's Quenya name – though that is translated "strong, powerful (in body)" rather than referring to more "political" power) –KHER, Letters:423, PM:352 -
5 MIGHTY
taura, poldórëa (a title of Tulkas); MIGHTY-RISING Melkórë (> Melkor) (uprising of Power), THE MIGHTY Melko (an alternative form of Melkor, derived from an unattested adjective *melka, *melca "mighty", with connotations of violence.) –TUR, LT1:264/GL:64, MR:350
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