in+aliquid

nŭmĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [numerus], to count, reckon, number (syn. recenseo).

Lit.:

si singulos numeremus in singulas (civitates),

Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7: ea, si ex reis numeres, innumerabilia sunt;

si ex rebus, modica,

id. de Or. 2, 32, 137:

numerare per digitos,

Ov. F. 3, 123:

votaque pro dominā vix numeranda facit,

that can hardly be counted, almost innumerable, Tib. 4, 4, 12:

amores divūm numerare,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

pecus,

id. E. 3, 34:

viros,

Sil. 7, 51:

milites,

Luc. 3, 285:

aureos voce digitisque numerare,

Suet. Claud. 21:

numera sestertia qumque omnibus in rebus—numerentur deinde labores,

Juv. 9, 41 sq.: numera senatum, said to the consul by a senator opposed to a bill, and who considered that there was not a quorum of senators present; like the phrase to demand a call of the House, Paul. ex Fest. p. 170 Müll.:

ne quid ad senatum consule! aut numera,

Cic. Att. 5, 4, 2 Orell. N. cr.: posset rem impedire, si, ut numerarentur, postularet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 2 (cf. also Plin. Pan. 76).—In law, of days granted for deliberation, etc.:

continui dies numerantur,

Gai. Inst. 2, 173; cf.:

tempus numeratur,

id. ib. 2, 172.—

In partic., of money, to count out, pay out, pay:

stipendium numerare militibus,

Cic. Pis. 36, 88:

pecuniam de suo,

id. Att. 16, 16, A, § 5; id. Fl. 19, 44; Nep. Ep. 3, 6:

talenta,

Suet. Caes. 4:

aliquid usurae nomine,

id. ib. 42:

alicui pensionem,

Liv. 29, 16:

magnam pecuniam numerare,

Caes. B. C. 3, 3.— Absol., Plaut. As. Perioch. 4.—

Trop.

To reckon, number as one's own, i. e. to have, possess (rare):

donec eris felix, multos numerabis amicos,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 5:

triumphos,

Juv. 6, 169:

tum licet a Pico numeres genus,

id. 8, 131:

veterani tricena aut supra stipendia numerantes,

Tac. A. 1, 35.—

To account, reckon, esteem, consider as any thing.—With two acc.:

Sulpicium accusatorem suum numerabat, non competitorem,

Cic. Mur. 24, 49:

hos non numero consulares,

id. Fam. 12, 2, 3:

stellas singulas numeras deos,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 40; id. Phil. 13, 4, 7:

quae isti bona numerant,

id. Tusc. 5, 15, 44; cf.:

sapientes cives, qualem me et esse et numerari volo,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 18:

is prope alter Timarchides numerabatur,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

numerare aliquid beneficii loco,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 1:

mors in beneficii parte (al. partem) numeretur,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 3:

voluptatem nullo loco,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

aliquid in bonis,

id. Leg. 2, 5, 12; id. Fin. 1, 9, 31:

aliquid in actis,

id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

Herennius in mediocribus oratoribus numeratus est,

id. Brut. 45, 166:

aliquem in septem (sc. sapientibus),

id. Par. 1, 1, 8.—With inter:

ipse honestissimus inter suos numerabatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

aliquem inter decemviros,

Liv. 3, 35, 3:

quae jactura inter damna numerata non est,

Just. 2, 5, 11; Lact. 2, 12, 4; Val. Max. 1, 6, 11:

numerabatur inter ostenta deminutus magistratuum numerus,

Tac. A. 12, 64; id. G. 29; id. Or. 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 1; 5, 3, 6; Quint. 3, 7, 18 al.:

inter amicos,

Ov. P. 4, 9, 35:

aliquem post aliquem,

Tac. H. 1, 77:

Thucydides numquam est numeratus orator,

Cic. Brut. 45, 166.—Hence, nŭmĕrātus, a, um, P. a., counted out, paid down:

argentum,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 57; hence, in ready money, in cash:

hic sunt quinque argenti lectae numeratae minae,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 50:

duo talenta argenti numerata,

id. As. 1, 3, 41:

(vendidit aedis) praesentariis Argenti minis numeratis,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 75:

dos uxoris numerata,

Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:

pecunia,

id. Fl. 32, 80.—Hence, subst.: nŭmĕrātum, i, n., ready money, cash: quae tua est suavitas nolles a me hoc tempore aestimationem accipere;

nam numeratum, si cuperem, non haberem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 9:

ut numerato malim quam aestimatione,

id. Att 12, 25, 1; Liv. 36, 21 fin.; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 166: in numerato, in ready money:

testamento edixit relinquere in numerato HS DC,

Plin. 33, 10, 47, § 135:

proferre in numerato,

id. 33, 3, 17, § 55; Gai. Inst. 2, 196; 3, 141.— Hence,

Trop.: in numerato habere, to have in readiness (a phrase of Augustus):

dictum est de actore facile dicente ex tempore, ingenium eum in numerato habere,

Quint. 6, 3, 111; cf. Sen. Contr. 2, 13 fin.

nŭmĕrō, adv., v. numerus fin.

nŭmĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [numerus], to count, reckon, number (syn. recenseo).

Lit.:

si singulos numeremus in singulas (civitates),

Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7: ea, si ex reis numeres, innumerabilia sunt;

si ex rebus, modica,

id. de Or. 2, 32, 137:

numerare per digitos,

Ov. F. 3, 123:

votaque pro dominā vix numeranda facit,

that can hardly be counted, almost innumerable, Tib. 4, 4, 12:

amores divūm numerare,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

pecus,

id. E. 3, 34:

viros,

Sil. 7, 51:

milites,

Luc. 3, 285:

aureos voce digitisque numerare,

Suet. Claud. 21:

numera sestertia qumque omnibus in rebus—numerentur deinde labores,

Juv. 9, 41 sq.: numera senatum, said to the consul by a senator opposed to a bill, and who considered that there was not a quorum of senators present; like the phrase to demand a call of the House, Paul. ex Fest. p. 170 Müll.:

ne quid ad senatum consule! aut numera,

Cic. Att. 5, 4, 2 Orell. N. cr.: posset rem impedire, si, ut numerarentur, postularet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 2 (cf. also Plin. Pan. 76).—In law, of days granted for deliberation, etc.:

continui dies numerantur,

Gai. Inst. 2, 173; cf.:

tempus numeratur,

id. ib. 2, 172.—

In partic., of money, to count out, pay out, pay:

stipendium numerare militibus,

Cic. Pis. 36, 88:

pecuniam de suo,

id. Att. 16, 16, A, § 5; id. Fl. 19, 44; Nep. Ep. 3, 6:

talenta,

Suet. Caes. 4:

aliquid usurae nomine,

id. ib. 42:

alicui pensionem,

Liv. 29, 16:

magnam pecuniam numerare,

Caes. B. C. 3, 3.— Absol., Plaut. As. Perioch. 4.—

Trop.

To reckon, number as one's own, i. e. to have, possess (rare):

donec eris felix, multos numerabis amicos,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 5:

triumphos,

Juv. 6, 169:

tum licet a Pico numeres genus,

id. 8, 131:

veterani tricena aut supra stipendia numerantes,

Tac. A. 1, 35.—

To account, reckon, esteem, consider as any thing.—With two acc.:

Sulpicium accusatorem suum numerabat, non competitorem,

Cic. Mur. 24, 49:

hos non numero consulares,

id. Fam. 12, 2, 3:

stellas singulas numeras deos,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 40; id. Phil. 13, 4, 7:

quae isti bona numerant,

id. Tusc. 5, 15, 44; cf.:

sapientes cives, qualem me et esse et numerari volo,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 18:

is prope alter Timarchides numerabatur,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

numerare aliquid beneficii loco,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 1:

mors in beneficii parte (al. partem) numeretur,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 3:

voluptatem nullo loco,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

aliquid in bonis,

id. Leg. 2, 5, 12; id. Fin. 1, 9, 31:

aliquid in actis,

id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

Herennius in mediocribus oratoribus numeratus est,

id. Brut. 45, 166:

aliquem in septem (sc. sapientibus),

id. Par. 1, 1, 8.—With inter:

ipse honestissimus inter suos numerabatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

aliquem inter decemviros,

Liv. 3, 35, 3:

quae jactura inter damna numerata non est,

Just. 2, 5, 11; Lact. 2, 12, 4; Val. Max. 1, 6, 11:

numerabatur inter ostenta deminutus magistratuum numerus,

Tac. A. 12, 64; id. G. 29; id. Or. 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 1; 5, 3, 6; Quint. 3, 7, 18 al.:

inter amicos,

Ov. P. 4, 9, 35:

aliquem post aliquem,

Tac. H. 1, 77:

Thucydides numquam est numeratus orator,

Cic. Brut. 45, 166.—Hence, nŭmĕrātus, a, um, P. a., counted out, paid down:

argentum,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 57; hence, in ready money, in cash:

hic sunt quinque argenti lectae numeratae minae,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 50:

duo talenta argenti numerata,

id. As. 1, 3, 41:

(vendidit aedis) praesentariis Argenti minis numeratis,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 75:

dos uxoris numerata,

Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:

pecunia,

id. Fl. 32, 80.—Hence, subst.: nŭmĕrātum, i, n., ready money, cash: quae tua est suavitas nolles a me hoc tempore aestimationem accipere;

nam numeratum, si cuperem, non haberem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 9:

ut numerato malim quam aestimatione,

id. Att 12, 25, 1; Liv. 36, 21 fin.; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 166: in numerato, in ready money:

testamento edixit relinquere in numerato HS DC,

Plin. 33, 10, 47, § 135:

proferre in numerato,

id. 33, 3, 17, § 55; Gai. Inst. 2, 196; 3, 141.— Hence,

Trop.: in numerato habere, to have in readiness (a phrase of Augustus):

dictum est de actore facile dicente ex tempore, ingenium eum in numerato habere,

Quint. 6, 3, 111; cf. Sen. Contr. 2, 13 fin.

nŭmĕrō, adv., v. numerus fin.

ŏcŭlus (sync. oclus, Prud. steph. 10, 592 dub.), i, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. akshi and aksha, from the root ītsh, videre; Gr. ossomai, osse; Goth. augō; Germ. Auge; Engl. eye], an eye.

Lit.:

quae (natura) primum oculos membranis tenuissimis vestivit et saepsit... sed lubricos oculos fecit et mobiles,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142; cf. Cels. 7, 7, 13; Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 139 sq.; Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 221:

venusti,

id. Tusc. 5, 16, 46:

eminentes,

prominent, id. Vatin. 2, 4:

oculi tanquam speculatores,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 140:

acuti,

id. Planc. 27, 69:

maligni,

Verg. A. 5, 654:

minaces,

Luc. 2, 26: oculos conicere in aliquem, to cast or fix one's eyes upon, Cic. Clu. 19, 54:

oculos conjecit in hostem,

Verg. A. 12, 483: adicere alicui rei, to cast one's eyes upon, glance at:

ad eorum ne quem oculos adiciat suos,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 24; to covet, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 37:

adicere ad rem aliquam,

id. Agr. 2, 10, 25:

de aliquo nusquam deicere,

to never turn one's eyes away from, to regard with fixed attention, id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:

deicere ab aliquā re,

to turn away, id. Phil. 1, 1, 1:

in terram figere,

to fix one's eyes upon the ground, Tac. H. 4, 72:

deicere in terram,

to cast down to, Quint. 1, 11, 9:

demittere,

Ov. M. 15, 612:

erigere,

id. ib. 4, 146: attollere. Verg. A. 4, 688; Ov. M. 2, 448:

circumferre,

id. ib. 6, 169:

premere,

Verg. A. 9, 487: deponere, to fix, Hor C. 1, 36, 18:

distorquere,

id. S. 1, 9, 65:

spargere,

to direct hither and thither, Pers. 5, 33:

oculis cernere,

to see with one's own eyes, Nep. Timol. 2, 2:

oculos auferre spectanti,

to blind the eyes of an observer, to cheat him before his eyes, Liv. 6, 15 fin.: ponere sibi aliquid ante oculos. i. e. to imagine to one's self any thing, Cic. Agr. 2, 20, 53:

proponere oculis suis aliquid,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

esse ante oculos,

to be before one's eyes, id. Lael. 11, 38: res posita in oculis, and ante oculos, that lies before one's eyes, is apparent, evident:

de rebus ante oculos positis,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 5:

omnia sunt enim posita ante oculos,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 192:

inque meis oculis candida Delos erat,

before my eyes, Ov. H. 21, 82: vivere in oculis, habitare in oculis, to live in the sight of, in the presence of, in intercourse with:

in maximā celebritate atque in oculis civium quondam viximus,

Cic. Off. 3, 1, 3:

habitavi in oculis,

id. Planc. 27, 66; cf.:

in foro palam Syracusis in ore atque in oculis provinciae,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; Liv. 22, 12; 35, 10; Tac. H. 4, 77:

habere in oculis,

to keep in sight, to watch, observe, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 66:

in oculis omnium submergi,

Curt. 9, 4, 11:

se ante oculos suos trucidari sinerent,

Liv. 2, 6, 2; 4, 14, 5; Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48: ab oculis alicujus abire (ire), to leave one's presence:

Abin' hinc ab oculis?

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 147; id. Truc. 2, 5, 24; Sen. Ep. 36, 10; cf.:

ab oculis recedere,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 11:

ab oculis concedere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

(angues) conspecti repente ex oculis abierunt,

out of sight, Liv. 25, 16, 2:

prodigii species ex oculis elapsa,

id. 26, 19, 7:

(avem) ablatam ex oculis,

Tac. H. 2, 50:

facesserent propere ex urbe ab ore atque oculis populi Romani,

Liv. 6, 17, 8:

sub oculis alicujus,

before a person's eyes, in his presence, Caes. B. C. 1, 71; Vell. 2, 79, 4:

sub oculis domini esse,

Col. 9, 5, 2:

quos honores sub oculis tuis gessit,

Plin. Ep. 10, 11, 2:

sub avi oculis necari,

Just. 1, 4, 5; Flor. 4, 7, 8:

hostes sub oculis erant,

Liv. 22, 14, 3; 26, 38, 9:

sub oculis Caesaris,

Tac. A. 2, 35: hunc oculis suis nostrarum numquam quisquam vidit, with his own eyes, i. e. actually, in person, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 10:

numquam ante hunc diem meis oculis eam videram,

id. Hec. 5, 4, 23: ad oculum, for display, to be seen:

non ad oculum servientes,

Vulg. Eph. 1, 18; id. Col. 3, 22.—As a term of endearment, the apple of my eye, my darling:

ubi isti sunt quibus vos oculi estis, quibus vitae estis, quibus deliciae?

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 46:

bene vale, ocule mi!

id. Curc. 1, 3, 47 —Hence, in a double sense:

par oculorum in amicitiā M. Antonii triumviri,

Suet. Rhet. 5.—The ancients swore by their eyes:

si voltis per oculos jurare, nihilo magis facietis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 1.—

Transf.

The power of seeing, sight, vision: ut eum quoque oculum, quo bene videret, amitteret, lost, i. e. became blind, Cic. Div. 1, 24, 48:

oculos perdere,

id. Har. Resp. 18, 37:

restituere alicui,

Suet. Vesp. 7; cf.:

oculis usurpare rem,

i. e. see, Lucr. 1, 301.—

A luminary, said of the sun and stars ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): mundi oculus. i. e. the sun, Ov. M. 4, 228:

stellarum oculi,

Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 10.—

A spot resembling an eye, as on a panther's hide, a peacock's tail, etc., Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62:

pavonum caudae,

id. 13, 15, 30, § 96. —So arch. t. t.:

oculus volutae,

Vitr. 3, 5. —

Of plants.

An eye, bud, bourgeon: oculos imponere, i. e. to bud, inoculate, Verg. G. 2, 73:

gemmans,

Col. 4, 24, 16.—

A bulb or knob on many roots, on the reed, etc.:

harundinis,

Cato, R. R. 6, 3; Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 3:

seritur harundo bulbo radicis, quem alii oculum vocant,

Plin. 17, 20, 33, § 144.—

A plant, called also aizoum majus, Plin. 25, 13, 102, § 160. —

Trop.

A principal ornament: hi duo illos oculos orae maritimae effoderunt ( Corinth and Carthage), Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 91:

ex duobus Graeciae oculis,

i. e. Athens and Sparta, Just. 5, 8, 4.—

The eye of the soul, the mind's eye:

eloquentiam quam nullis nisi mentis oculis videre possumus,

Cic. Or. 29, 101:

acrioribus mentis oculis intueri,

Col. 3, 8, 1:

oculos pascere re aliquā,

to feast one's eyes on any thing, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 65; cf.:

concupiscentia oculorum,

Vulg. 1 Joh. 2, 16: fructum oculis (dat.) capere ex aliquā re, Nep. Eum. 11, 2: oculi dolent, the eyes ache, i. e. one is afflicted by something seen, Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 64; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1; cf.:

pietas, pater, oculis dolorem prohibet,

i. e. forbids me to take offence, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 4: in oculis, in the eye, i. e. in view, hoped or expected:

frumenti spes, quae in oculis fuerat, utrosque frustrata pariter,

Liv. 26, 39, 23:

acies et arma in oculis erant,

Curt. 3, 6, 3:

Philotae supplicium in oculis erat,

id. 8, 6, 21:

esse in oculis,

to be beloved, esteemed, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

esse in oculis multitudinis,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 63: ferre, gestare in oculis, to love, esteem, value:

oderat tum, cum, etc....jam fert in oculis,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:

rex te ergo in oculis,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 11: aequis oculis videre, i. e. contentedly, with satisfaction (like aequo animo), Curt. 8, 2, 9: ante oculos, in mind, in view:

mors ante oculos debet esse,

Sen. Ep. 12, 6; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6; also plain, obvious:

simul est illud ante oculos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 85, 349:

sit ante oculos Nero,

i. e. set him before you, consider him, Tac. H. 1, 16: ante oculos habere, to keep in mind (post-class.):

habe ante oculos hanc esse terram,

Plin. Ep. 8, 24, 4:

mortalitatem,

id. ib. 2, 10, 4; Just. 5, 6, 1; for which (late Lat.) prae oculis: prae oculis habere terrorem futuri judicii, Greg. M. Ep. 2, 48;

3, 27 al.: nec jam fas ullum prae oculis habent,

Amm. 30, 4, 18: ob oculos versari, to be before the mind, etc.:

mors (ei) ob oculos versatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39; Liv. 28, 19, 14; cf.:

usu versatur ante oculos vobis Glaucia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 98; id. Fin. 2, 22, 75; 5, 1, 3; id. Dom. 55, 141; Liv. 34, 36, 6: ponere aliquid ante oculos, to call up in mind, imagine, etc.:

eā (translatione) utimur rei ante oculos ponendae causā,

Auct. Her. 4, 34, 45:

ora eorum ponite vobis ante oculos,

Cic. Phil. 13, 2, 4:

calamitatem Cottae sibi ante oculos ponunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

exsilium Cn. Marci sibi proponunt ante oculos,

Liv. 2, 54, 6:

conjurationem ante oculos ponere,

id. 24, 24, 8:

studia eorum vobis ante oculos proponere,

Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48;

rarely: constituere sibi aliquid ante oculos,

Cic. Cael. 32, 79; Aug. Serm. 233, 3: ante oculos ponere (proponere), with ellips. of dat. of person, Cic. Marc. 2, 5; id. Deiot. 7, 20; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115; 11, 3, 7; id. N. D. 1, 41, 114:

nec a re publicā deiciebam oculos,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 1.

offendo, di, sum, 3, v. a. and n. [obfendo]. to hit, thrust, strike, or dash against something (syn.: illido, impingo; class.).

Lit.:

offendere caput ad fornicem,

Quint. 6, 3, 67:

latus vehementer,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

coxam,

to hurt himself in the haunch, Col. 5, 9, 1: pedem, Auct. B. Hisp. 23; Ov. F. 2, 720:

solido,

against something solid, Hor. S. 2, 1, 78:

in scopulis offendit puppis,

strikes on, Ov. P. 4, 14, 22:

in redeundo offenderunt,

ran aground, Caes. B. C. 3, 8:

in cornua,

Sol. 40:

ne quem in cursu capite, aut cubito, aut pectore offendam, aut genu,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 2:

visco,

id. Poen. 2, 37.—

Transf., to hit upon, light upon a person or thing, i. e. to come upon, meet with, find (syn.: deprehendo, invenio): si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.); cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:

haec, cum ego a foro revortar, facite ut offendam parata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30:

paululum si cessassem, Domi non offendissem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 5:

si te in plateā offendero hac post umquam, periisti,

id. ib. 5, 8, 34; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 31:

imparatum te offendam,

will come upon you unawares, will surprise you, Cic. Fam. 2, 3:

eundem bonorum sensum,

id. ib. 1, 9, 17:

nondum perfectum templum offendere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64:

omnia aliter ac jusserat offendit,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59.—

Trop.

In gen., to suffer damage, receive an injury:

quis est tam Lynceus, qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat, nusquam incurrat?

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2:

in causis,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 301:

ad fortunam,

Phaedr. 4, 14, 6.—

In partic., to stumble, blunder, make a mistake, commit a fault; to commit an offence, to be offensive (syn.:

pecco, delinquo): in quo ipsi offendissent, alios reprehendissent,

Cic. Clu. 36, 98:

sin quid offenderit, sibi totum, tibi nihil offenderit,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

offendebant illi quidem apud gravīs et honestos homines, sed populi judiciis florebant,

gave offence to, id. Sest. 49, 105:

se apud plebem offendisse de aerario,

id. Att. 10, 4, 8:

neque in eo solum offenderat, quod,

Nep. Phoc. 2, 2: legi, to offend against or violate the law, Dig. 22, 1, 1.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), to offend, commit a sin:

in multis enim offendimus omnes,

Vulg. Jac. 3, 2.— Of things, to be offensive:

cum nihil aliud offenderit,

Liv. 2, 2, 2; cf. id. 4, 42, 2.—

To find fault with, be displeased with, take offence at any thing:

at credo, in Caesarem probatis, in me offenditis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

si in me aliquid offendistis,

have taken any offence at me, Cic. Mil. 36, 99.—

To fail in any thing, i. e. to have a misfortune, to be unfortunate, meet with ill success:

apud judices offendere, opp. causam iis probare,

Cic. Clu. 23, 63:

cum multi viri fortes offenderint,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131:

tamquam M. Atilius primo accessu ad Africam offenderit,

i. e. met with a calamity, Liv. 28, 43, 17; cf. I. A. supra.— Impers. pass.:

sin aliquid esset offensum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7:

quoties culpā ducis esset offensum,

might have met with a defeat, Caes. B. C. 3, 72; cf.:

nullum ejusmodi casum exspectans, quo... in milibus passuum tribus offendi posset,

id. B. G. 6, 36 Kraner ad loc.:

at si valetudo ejus offendissit,

failed, Gell. 4, 2, 10.—

To shock, offend, mortify, vex, displease one:

me exquisisse aliquid, in quo te offenderem,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

tuam existimationem,

id. ib. 3, 8, 7:

neminem umquam non re, non verbo, non vultu denique offendit,

id. Balb. 26, 59:

offensus nemo contumeliā,

id. Att. 6, 3, 3:

ne offendam patrem,

id. ib. 6, 3, 9:

ut eos splendor offendat,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 7:

extinctum lumen recens offendit nares,

Lucr. 6, 791:

offendere tot caligas, tot Milia clavorum,

provoke, Juv. 16, 24:

polypodion offendit stomachum,

disagrees with, Plin. 26, 8, 37, § 58:

ne colorum claritas aciem oculorum offenderet,

id. 35, 10, 36, § 97.— Pass., to be displeased, feel hurt:

multis rebus meus offendebatur animus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10.— With inf.:

ut non offendar subripi (ista munera),

so that I am not offended at their being taken from me, Phaedr. 4, 11, 6: componi aliquid de se, offendebatur, he took it ill, if, etc., Suet. Aug. 8, 9 fin. —Hence, of-fensus, a, um, P. a.

Offensive, odious (cf.:

invisus, odiosus, infensus): miserum atque invidiosum offensumque ordinem senatorium!

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 145:

offensum et invisum esse alicui,

id. Sest. 58, 125.—As subst.: offensum, i, n., the offence:

offensum est quod eorum, qui audiunt, voluntatem laedit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 92.—

Offended, displeased, vexed, incensed, imbittered:

offensus et alienatus animus,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 7:

aliena et offensa populi voluntas,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106: offensos merere [p. 1259] deos, Ov. H. 21, 48: offensi animi regum, Auct. B. Alex. 32.— Comp.:

quem cum esse offensiorem arbitrarer,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 2:

quem sibi offensiorem sciebat esse,

id. Clu. 62, 172; id. Att. 1, 5, 5.

offendo, ĭnis, f. [1. offendo], an offence, Afran. ap. Non. 146, 32 (offendo, offensio, Non.).

offendo, di, sum, 3, v. a. and n. [obfendo]. to hit, thrust, strike, or dash against something (syn.: illido, impingo; class.).

Lit.:

offendere caput ad fornicem,

Quint. 6, 3, 67:

latus vehementer,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

coxam,

to hurt himself in the haunch, Col. 5, 9, 1: pedem, Auct. B. Hisp. 23; Ov. F. 2, 720:

solido,

against something solid, Hor. S. 2, 1, 78:

in scopulis offendit puppis,

strikes on, Ov. P. 4, 14, 22:

in redeundo offenderunt,

ran aground, Caes. B. C. 3, 8:

in cornua,

Sol. 40:

ne quem in cursu capite, aut cubito, aut pectore offendam, aut genu,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 2:

visco,

id. Poen. 2, 37.—

Transf., to hit upon, light upon a person or thing, i. e. to come upon, meet with, find (syn.: deprehendo, invenio): si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.); cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:

haec, cum ego a foro revortar, facite ut offendam parata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30:

paululum si cessassem, Domi non offendissem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 5:

si te in plateā offendero hac post umquam, periisti,

id. ib. 5, 8, 34; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 31:

imparatum te offendam,

will come upon you unawares, will surprise you, Cic. Fam. 2, 3:

eundem bonorum sensum,

id. ib. 1, 9, 17:

nondum perfectum templum offendere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64:

omnia aliter ac jusserat offendit,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59.—

Trop.

In gen., to suffer damage, receive an injury:

quis est tam Lynceus, qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat, nusquam incurrat?

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2:

in causis,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 301:

ad fortunam,

Phaedr. 4, 14, 6.—

In partic., to stumble, blunder, make a mistake, commit a fault; to commit an offence, to be offensive (syn.:

pecco, delinquo): in quo ipsi offendissent, alios reprehendissent,

Cic. Clu. 36, 98:

sin quid offenderit, sibi totum, tibi nihil offenderit,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

offendebant illi quidem apud gravīs et honestos homines, sed populi judiciis florebant,

gave offence to, id. Sest. 49, 105:

se apud plebem offendisse de aerario,

id. Att. 10, 4, 8:

neque in eo solum offenderat, quod,

Nep. Phoc. 2, 2: legi, to offend against or violate the law, Dig. 22, 1, 1.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), to offend, commit a sin:

in multis enim offendimus omnes,

Vulg. Jac. 3, 2.— Of things, to be offensive:

cum nihil aliud offenderit,

Liv. 2, 2, 2; cf. id. 4, 42, 2.—

To find fault with, be displeased with, take offence at any thing:

at credo, in Caesarem probatis, in me offenditis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

si in me aliquid offendistis,

have taken any offence at me, Cic. Mil. 36, 99.—

To fail in any thing, i. e. to have a misfortune, to be unfortunate, meet with ill success:

apud judices offendere, opp. causam iis probare,

Cic. Clu. 23, 63:

cum multi viri fortes offenderint,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131:

tamquam M. Atilius primo accessu ad Africam offenderit,

i. e. met with a calamity, Liv. 28, 43, 17; cf. I. A. supra.— Impers. pass.:

sin aliquid esset offensum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7:

quoties culpā ducis esset offensum,

might have met with a defeat, Caes. B. C. 3, 72; cf.:

nullum ejusmodi casum exspectans, quo... in milibus passuum tribus offendi posset,

id. B. G. 6, 36 Kraner ad loc.:

at si valetudo ejus offendissit,

failed, Gell. 4, 2, 10.—

To shock, offend, mortify, vex, displease one:

me exquisisse aliquid, in quo te offenderem,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

tuam existimationem,

id. ib. 3, 8, 7:

neminem umquam non re, non verbo, non vultu denique offendit,

id. Balb. 26, 59:

offensus nemo contumeliā,

id. Att. 6, 3, 3:

ne offendam patrem,

id. ib. 6, 3, 9:

ut eos splendor offendat,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 7:

extinctum lumen recens offendit nares,

Lucr. 6, 791:

offendere tot caligas, tot Milia clavorum,

provoke, Juv. 16, 24:

polypodion offendit stomachum,

disagrees with, Plin. 26, 8, 37, § 58:

ne colorum claritas aciem oculorum offenderet,

id. 35, 10, 36, § 97.— Pass., to be displeased, feel hurt:

multis rebus meus offendebatur animus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10.— With inf.:

ut non offendar subripi (ista munera),

so that I am not offended at their being taken from me, Phaedr. 4, 11, 6: componi aliquid de se, offendebatur, he took it ill, if, etc., Suet. Aug. 8, 9 fin. —Hence, of-fensus, a, um, P. a.

Offensive, odious (cf.:

invisus, odiosus, infensus): miserum atque invidiosum offensumque ordinem senatorium!

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 145:

offensum et invisum esse alicui,

id. Sest. 58, 125.—As subst.: offensum, i, n., the offence:

offensum est quod eorum, qui audiunt, voluntatem laedit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 92.—

Offended, displeased, vexed, incensed, imbittered:

offensus et alienatus animus,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 7:

aliena et offensa populi voluntas,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106: offensos merere [p. 1259] deos, Ov. H. 21, 48: offensi animi regum, Auct. B. Alex. 32.— Comp.:

quem cum esse offensiorem arbitrarer,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 2:

quem sibi offensiorem sciebat esse,

id. Clu. 62, 172; id. Att. 1, 5, 5.

offendo, ĭnis, f. [1. offendo], an offence, Afran. ap. Non. 146, 32 (offendo, offensio, Non.).

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.

Attributively.

As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.

Vir bonus.

A man morally good (kalos kagathos):

quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:

ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,

id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,

id. Off. 3, 15, 64:

qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,

id. Att. 7, 2, 4:

ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:

nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,

id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—

An honest man:

justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;

3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,

id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,

id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—

A man of good standing in the community:

id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,

Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:

tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,

Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;

37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:

vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:

praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—

Ironically of bad men:

sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:

expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,

Cic. Cael. 26, 63:

nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,

id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;

so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:

quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?

Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—

Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):

bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?

Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—

As a conventional courtesy:

homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

bone accusator,

id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:

sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,

gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—

Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:

in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—

With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:

bonus consul,

Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):

boni tribuni plebis,

Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:

bonus senator,

id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:

senator bonus,

id. Dom. 4, 8:

bonus judex,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:

bonus augur (ironically),

id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:

bonus vates,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:

bonus imperator,

Sall. C. 60, 4:

bonus dux,

Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:

naturam, optimam ducem,

the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):

bonus miles,

Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:

bonus orator,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

optimus orator,

id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:

poeta bonus,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

scriptor bonus,

Quint. 10, 1, 104:

bonus advocatus,

id. 5, 13, 10:

bonus defensor,

id. 5, 13, 3:

bonus altercator,

a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:

bonus praeceptor,

id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:

bonus gubernator,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

optimus opifex,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:

sutor bonus,

id. ib. 1, 3, 125:

actor optimus,

Cic. Sest. 57, 122:

cantor optimus est modulator,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:

melior gladiator,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

bonus paterfamilias,

a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

bonus servus,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:

dominus bonus,

Cato, R. R. 14:

bonus custos,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:

filius bonus,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:

patres,

Quint. 11, 3, 178:

parens,

id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:

uxor melior,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

amicus,

id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:

amicus optimus,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:

optimus testis,

Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:

auctor, in two senses,

good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;

and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),

Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:

bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,

id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:

optimus et fortissimus civis,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—

Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.

In gen.:

sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:

fata... bonique divi,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:

divis orte bonis,

id. ib. 4, 5, 1:

O bone deus!

Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—

Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:

(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:

Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 36, 87:

in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,

id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:

nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,

id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—

Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:

di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:

di boni, boni quid porto!

Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:

di boni, quid hoc morbi est,

id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!

Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—

Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—

Optimus as a laudatory epithet.

Vir optimus:

per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,

Cic. Sest. 1, 2:

virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,

id. ib. 35, 76:

fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,

id. ib.:

consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,

id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—

Femina bona, optima:

tua conjunx bona femina,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,

id. ib. —

Senex, pater, frater, etc.:

optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,

Cic. Planc. 41, 97:

insuevit pater optimus hoc me,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:

C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—

With proper names ( poet.):

optimus Vergilius,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:

Maecenas optimus,

id. ib. 1, 5, 27:

optime Quinti,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—

Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:

quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?

Plin. Pan. 2, 7:

gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!

Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:

ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:

bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,

Ov. F. 2, 637:

optime Romulae Custos gentis,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—

Bonus and Bona, names of deities.

Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):

Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,

Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.

in mal. part.,

Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—

Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—

Bona Fortuna:

si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:

Bonae Fortunae (signum),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:

FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,

Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —

Bona Spes:

Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:

BONAE SPEI,

Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—

BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:

Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,

Prop. 3, 24, 19.

With nouns denoting things.

Things concrete, denoting excellence:

navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,

Sen. Ep. 76, 13:

gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,

id. ib. 76, 14:

id vinum erit lene et bono colore,

Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:

tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,

Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:

per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,

id. ib. 73; cf.:

bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,

Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:

praedium bonum caelum habeat,

good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:

bona tempestate,

in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

(praedium) solo bono valeat,

by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:

bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:

villam bonam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

bonus pons,

Cat. 17, 5:

scyphi optimi (= optime facti),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

perbona toreumata,

id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §

38: bona domicilia,

comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

agrum Meliorem nemo habet,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:

fundum meliorem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:

equus melior,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

bona cena,

Cat. 13, 3:

boni nummi,

good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

super omnia vultus accessere boni,

good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:

mulier bona forma,

of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:

equus formae melioris,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:

tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,

fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:

fruges bonae,

Cat. 34, 19:

ova suci melioris,

of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:

animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:

bonum omen, 2. e.),

Quint. 6, 3, 69:

scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,

good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,

bona firmaque vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 13.—

Things abstract.

Of physical well-being:

ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:

non bonus somnus de prandio est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

bona aetas,

prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:

optima aetate,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:

bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—

Of the mind and soul:

meliore esse sensu,

Cic. Sest. 21, 47:

optima indoles,

id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

bona conscientia,

Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:

bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,

with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:

mens melior,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:

duos optimae indolis filios,

Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:

bonum consilium,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

bona voluntas,

a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:

memoria bona,

Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

bonae rationes,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:

pronuntiatio bona,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—

Of moral relations:

ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;

v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,

Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:

fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,

of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:

bona studia,

moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:

quidquid vita meliore parasti,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:

Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,

Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—

Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:

bono usui estis nulli,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

Optumo optume optumam operam das,

id. Am. 1, 1, 122:

bonam dedistis mihi operam,

a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;

v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

bonum otium,

valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:

bonis versibus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

versus meliores,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

meliora poemata,

Hor. A. P. 303:

in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,

Cic. Or. 8, 26:

optimas fabulas,

id. Off. 1, 31, 114:

melius munus,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—

Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:

de Procilio rumores non boni,

unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:

bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,

about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:

si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,

id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.

fortuna optima esse,

to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:

occasio tam bona,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:

senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:

bona navigatio,

id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;

esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:

ego sum spe bona,

Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

optima spe,

id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;

v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,

more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:

melior interpretatio,

Tac. H. 3, 65:

cum laude et bonis recordationibus,

id. A. 4, 38:

amnis Doctus iter melius,

i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:

omen bonum,

a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.

Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,

Ov. F. 1, 221;

optimum,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

bona scaeva,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:

auspicio optumo,

id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:

memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—

Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:

optima res publica,

id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

minus bonis temporibus,

id. Dom. 4, 8; so,

optimis temporibus,

id. Sest. 3, 6:

nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:

lex optima,

id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—

Good = large, considerable:

bono atque amplo lucro,

Plaut. Am. prol. 6:

bona librorum copia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:

bona copia cornu,

Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—

Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:

si bono genere natus sit,

Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—

Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.

Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:

primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:

bona tua venia dixerim,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,

Liv. 7, 41, 3:

obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,

id. 6, 40, 10:

cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,

id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.

. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—

Bona pax, without quarrelling:

bona pax sit potius,

let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;

so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,

without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—

Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:

igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,

Sall. J. 5, 5.—

Bona societas, alliance:

Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,

Tac. A. 1, 58.

In particular phrases.

Bonae res.

= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:

concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:

optimis rebus usus est,

he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—

= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:

bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:

in bonis rebus,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —

Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:

homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,

who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —

Costly things, articles of luxury:

capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:

nimium rei bonae,

id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:

ignorantia bonarum rerum,

Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:

re bona copiosum esse,

Gell. 16, 19, 7.—

Moral, morally good:

illi cum res non bonas tractent,

Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:

ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,

id. ib. 1, 4, 15:

quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?

id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:

quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,

id. Sen. 18, 65.—

In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:

res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:

studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,

Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—

Bonae artes.

A good, laudable way of dealing:

qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,

Sall. C. 2, 9:

huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,

id. ib. 11, 2:

quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,

Tac. A. 6, 46.—

Liberal arts and sciences:

litteris aut ulli bonae arti,

Quint. 12, 1, 7:

conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,

Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:

optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—

Bona fides, or fides bona.

Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:

dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:

si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—

Jurid. t. t.

Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:

ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;

41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,

ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,

Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:

actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,

Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:

quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—

Bona verba.

Kind words:

Bona verba quaeso,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—

Words of good omen (v. omen):

dicamus bona verba,

Tib. 2, 2, 1:

dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,

Ov. F. 2, 638.—

Elegant or well-chosen expressions:

quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,

Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:

verborum bonorum cursu,

id. Brut. 66, 233:

omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,

Quint. 10, 1, 9.—

Moral sayings:

non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —

Bona dicta.

Polite, courteous language:

hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,

Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—

Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:

dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:

ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,

id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—

Bona facta.

= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:

nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),

Tac. A. 3, 40.—

Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):

bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:

haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,

id. ib. 45.— Hence,

Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:

peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,

Suet. Caes. 80:

et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,

id. Vit. 14:

hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,

Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:

o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,

Tert. Pud. 1.—

Bona gratia.

A friendly understanding:

cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,

per gratiam bonam abire,

to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—

Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—

Bona pars.

The well-disposed part of a body of persons:

ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,

Liv. 21, 4, 1:

pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,

id. 7, 21, 6.—

The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):

civem bonarum partium,

Cic. Sest. 32, 77:

(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,

id. Cael. 6, 13:

qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,

Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—

Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):

bonam partem ad te adtulit,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:

bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,

Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:

bonam magnamque partem exercitus,

Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:

bona pars noctium,

Quint. 12, 11, 19:

bona pars hominum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:

meae vocis... bona pars,

id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:

melior pars diei,

Verg. A. 9, 156.—

Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:

nostri melior pars animus est,

Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:

quae pars optima est in homine,

best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:

Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,

Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—

Adverb.:

bonam partem = ex magna parte,

Lucr. 6, 1249.—

Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:

Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,

id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:

quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—

Dies bonus or bona.

A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):

tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:

nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,

Ov. F. 1, 72.—

A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—

Bonus mos.

Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:

nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:

domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,

Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,

Liv. 34, 6, 9:

mores meliores,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—

Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:

ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

neglegentia boni moris,

Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:

conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,

in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —

Adverbial phrases.

Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.

To be of good cheer or courage:

bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,

Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:

animo bono es,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:

bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,

Varr. R. R. 1, 26:

bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:

bono animo esse jubere eam consul,

Liv. 39, 13, 7:

habe modo bonum animum,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:

habe animum bonum,

id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:

bonum animum habe,

Liv. 45, 8, 5:

clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,

id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—

Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:

audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:

bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,

id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:

quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—

Bonus animus, good temper, patience:

bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:

vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,

Ov. M. 9, 433.—

Bono modo.

= placide, with composure, moderation:

si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,

Cato, R. R. 5:

haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—

In a decent manner:

neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —

Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:

te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:

ut jure optimo me deserere posses,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:

ne jure optimo irrideamur,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;

similarly, optimo judicio,

Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.

As subst.

bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.

In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.

Plur.:

bonis quod bene fit haud perit,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,

Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,

id. Lael. 14, 50:

diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,

Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:

oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:

tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,

Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:

quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—

Sing.:

malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:

nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:

qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—

Bonus, a man of honor.

A brave man:

pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:

libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,

Sall. C. 33, 5:

fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):

fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,

Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —

A gentleman:

quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?

Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—

Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.

In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;

so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,

Cic. Sest. 16, 38:

audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,

id. ib. 47, 100:

ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,

id. Pis. 2, 4:

etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:

maledictis increpat omnes bonos,

Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,

optimi,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:

bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,

id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—

Without reference to political views;

opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:

semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,

Sall. C. 37, 3:

elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,

Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:

ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:

da locum melioribus,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—

Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—

Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.

Referring to morality:

esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,

every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,

id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:

quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?

Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—

Of the educated classes:

adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:

Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,

Sall. C. 34, 2:

optimo cuique infesta libertas,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—

Honorable, brave:

optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,

Sall. J. 92, 8.—

In gen., excellent:

optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,

Sall. C. 8, 5.—

Distributively:

ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,

to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—

Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):

hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—

Attributively, with a noun:

optimam quamque causam,

Cic. Sest. 43, 93:

optima quaeque dies,

Verg. G. 3, 66.

bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.

Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;

nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:

quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,

id. Par. 1, 1, 9:

ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

non-est igitur voluptas bonum,

id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:

sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—

Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:

quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:

multa bona vobis volt facere,

will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:

tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

multa tibi di dent bona,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:

omnia Bona dicere,

to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:

sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,

id. ib. 5, 41, 120:

nihil enim boni nosti,

nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:

mala pro bonis legere dementia est,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:

quia bonum sit valere,

a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):

melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,

id. Lael. 6, 20:

meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,

id. Or. 1, 10, 43:

optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,

id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;

v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,

to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:

ad melius transcurrere,

to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—

Bonum or bona, prosperity:

fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:

nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:

unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:

quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),

Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—

Good qualities, gifts:

omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:

magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,

id. Cael. 5, 11:

hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,

id. ib. 17, 39:

non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,

id. Balb. 28, 63:

gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,

id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—

Advantage, benefit:

si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:

saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,

id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:

maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,

Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:

hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—

With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:

si bonum aequomque oras,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:

si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:

a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:

istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,

I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—

Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.

In gen.:

paterna oportet reddi filio bona,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:

bona sua med habiturum omnia,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,

Cic. Sest. 24, 54:

cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,

id. ib. 30, 65:

bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,

id. Caecin. 13, 38:

at mulctantur bonis exsules,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—

Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.

Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—

Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:

postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,

Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:

edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,

Liv. 2, 24, 6:

bona proscribere,

to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—

Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—

In bonis esse;

with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),

Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:

neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,

ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.

Predicative use.

With nouns or pronouns as subjects.

Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:

nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:

bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:

itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:

Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,

Sall. C. 54, 5:

ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,

Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —

To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:

jam istuc non bonumst,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:

oleum viridius et melius fiet,

id. ib. 3:

vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,

to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:

quid est homini salute melius?

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:

non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,

id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:

quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?

Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,

id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:

meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,

Liv. 2, 51, 3:

parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,

Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:

si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:

quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,

Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;

3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;

and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—

To be kind:

bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:

hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—

With reference to the gods:

ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:

Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),

Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—

Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).

Without a subject:

bonum sit!

may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—

With subject inf.:

nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:

bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,

id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—

Melius est.

With subject inf.:

melius sanam est mentem sumere,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:

nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,

Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,

melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,

it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:

proinde quiesse erit melius,

Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—

With subject inf.-clause:

meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—

With ut-clause:

quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—

With subjectclause in the subjunctive:

nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—

Optimum est.

With subject inf.:

optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,

Liv. 23, 34, 8:

si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—

With inf.-clause:

constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—

With ut and subj:

hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,

Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—

With quod:

illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:

optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,

id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—

With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):

sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:

optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 30:

optumum factu credens exercitum augere,

Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).

Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:

di melius duint,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:

di meliora velint!

Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:

di meliora! inquit,

Cic. Sen. 14, 47:

id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,

Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;

similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,

Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.

With object expressed,

By dat.

= good, useful, beneficial for:

ambula, id lieni optumum est,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:

quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,

Sall. C. 20, 3:

bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,

Verg. G. 2, 447.—

= benignus or propitius, kind to:

vicinis bonus esto,

Cato, R. R. 4:

bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:

vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,

Verg. A. 12, 647.—

= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:

qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,

Cato, R. R. 6:

tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,

id. ib. 26:

terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,

Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—

With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:

accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:

bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,

Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:

quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

cui bono fuisset,

id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.

ellipt. form cui bono?

Prisc. p. 1208 P.—

With dat. gerund:

ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,

Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,

Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—

By ad and acc.:

refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,

Varr. R. R. 1, 91:

occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,

Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:

non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 14.

plēnus, a, um, adj. [from the root ple-; Sanscr. prā-, to fill; Gr. pla- in pimplêmi, plêthô; Lat. plerus, plebs, populus, etc.; whence compleo, expleo, suppleo], full, filled with any thing (class.; cf.: refertus, oppletus).

Lit.

In gen., with gen.:

rimarum,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25:

corpus suci,

id. ib. 2, 3, 27:

Gallia est plena civium Romanorum,

Cic. Font. 1, 11:

domus plena caelati argenti,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 14. §

35: vini, somni,

id. Red. in Sen. 6, 13: [p. 1387] stellarum, id. Rep. 6, 11, 11.—With abl.:

plena domus ornamentis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 126:

vita plena et conferta voluptatibus,

id. Sest. 10, 23:

plenum pueris gymnasium,

Quint. 2, 8, 3.— Absol.:

auditorium,

Quint. 2, 11, 3:

plenissimis velis navigare,

with swelling sails, Cic. Dom. 10, 24.—As subst.: plēnum, i, n., space occupied by matter, a plenum, Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118.—Adverb.: ad plenum, to repletion, copiously, abundantly ( poet.), Verg. G. 2, 244:

hic tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 15; so Veg. 2, 9:

philosophiae scientiam ad plenum adeptus,

Eutr. 8, 10.—

In partic.

Of bodily size, stout, bulky, portly, plump, corpulent (class.):

pleni enective simus,

Cic. Div. 2, 69, 142:

vulpecula pleno corpore,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31:

frigus inimicum est tenui: at prodest omnibus plenis,

Cels. 1, 9:

femina,

Ov. A. A. 2, 661.— Comp.:

tauros palea ac feno facere pleniores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12.— Sup.:

plenissimus quisque,

Cels. 2, 1.—

Of females, big, with child, pregnant (class.):

et cum te gravidam et cum te pulchre plenam aspicio, gaudeo,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 49:

femina,

Ov. M. 10, 469; Val. Fl. 1, 413:

sus plena,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101; cf.:

Telluri plenae victima plena datur (preceded by gravida),

Ov. F. 4, 634.—

Filled, satisfied ( poet.), Ov. Am. 2, 6, 29:

plenus cum languet amator,

sated with reading, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8; cf.:

illa bibit sitiens lector, mea pocula plenus,

Ov. P. 3, 4, 55.—

Full packed, laden; with abl.:

quadrupedes pleni dominis armisque,

Stat. Th. 4, 812:

exercitus plenissimus praedā,

Liv. 41, 28:

crura thymo plenae (apes),

Verg. G. 4, 181.— Absol.:

vitis,

Ov. Am. 2, 14, 23.—

Entire, complete, full, whole:

ut haberet ad praeturam gerendam plenum annum atque integrum,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

gaudia,

id. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

numerus,

id. Rep. 6, 12, 12:

pleno aratro sulcare,

with the whole plough sunk in the ground, Col. 2, 2, 25:

sustineas ut onus, nitendum vertice pleno est, i. e. toto,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 77:

pleno gradu,

at full pace, at storming pace, Liv. 4, 32.— Neutr. adverb.: in plenum, on the whole, generally (post-Aug.), Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 31; Sen. Ep. 91, 9.—

Of the voice, sonorous, full, clear, strong, loud (class.):

vox grandior et plenior,

Cic. Brut. 84, 289:

voce plenior,

id. de Or. 1, 29, 132.—

Of letters, syllables, words, full, at full length, not contracted, unabridged:

pleniores syllabae,

Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28:

ut E plenissimum dicas,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46:

siet plenum est, sit imminutum,

id. Or. 47, 157:

plenissima verba,

Ov. M. 10, 290.—

Of food and drink, strong, hearty, substantial:

pleniores cibi,

Cels. 3, 20:

vinum,

id. 1, 6.—

Full, abundant, plentiful, much:

non tam Siciliam, quam inanem offenderant, quam Verrem ipsum, qui plenus decesserat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12:

urbes,

id. Pis. 37, 91:

pecunia,

much money, id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

mensa,

Verg. A. 11, 738.— Comp.:

serius potius ad nos, dum plenior,

Cic. Fam. 7, 9, 2:

tres uno die a te accepi litteras, unam brevem, duas pleniores,

fuller, larger, id. ib. 11, 12, 1.— Sup.:

plenissima villa,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 50.—

Of age, full, advanced, ripe, mature:

jam plenis nubilis annis,

marriageable, Verg. A. 7, 53:

plenus vitā,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 129:

annis,

full of years, that has reached extreme old age, Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

plenior annis,

Val. Fl. 1, 376:

annus vicesimus quintus coeptus pro pleno habetur,

Dig. 50, 4, 8.—

Law t. t.: pleno jure, with a complete legal title:

proinde pleno jure incipit, id est et in bonis et ex jure Quiritium, tua res esse,

Gai. Inst. 2, 41:

pleno jure heres fieri,

id. ib. 3, 85 al.—

Trop., full, filled.

In gen., with gen.: plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 Vahl.):

jejunitatis plenus,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 13:

consili,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 49:

viti probrique,

id. Mil. 2, 5, 13:

fraudis, sceleris, parricidi, perjuri,

id. Rud. 3, 2, 37:

offici,

Cic. Att. 7, 4, 1:

negoti,

full of business, id. N. D. 1, 20, 54; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 146:

irae,

Liv. 3, 48:

ingenii,

Cic. Fl. 6, 15:

laboris,

Plin. 6, 19, 22, § 66:

quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris?

is not full of our disaster? Verg. A. 1, 460.—With abl.:

plenus sum exspectatione de Pompeio,

full of expectation, Cic. Att. 3, 14, 1:

laetitiā,

Caes. B. C. 1, 74:

humanitate,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2; 2, 1, 7.—

In partic.

Complete, finished, ample, copious (class.):

orator plenus atque perfectus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 59:

plenior, opp. to jejunior,

id. ib. 3, 4, 16:

oratio plenior,

id. Off. 1, 1, 2:

pleniora scribere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 53.—

Full of, abounding or rich in any thing:

plenum bonarum rerum oppidum,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 38:

quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario?

Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19: pleniore ore laudare, with fuller mouth, i. e. more heartily, id. Off. 1, 18, 61.—Hence, adv.: plēnē.

Lit., full (post-Aug.):

vasa plene infundere,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 139.—

Trop., fully, wholly, completely, thorougnly, largely (class.):

plene cumulateque aliquid perficere,

Cic. Div. 2, 1:

plene perfectae munitiones,

Caes. B. G. 3, 3:

aliquid vitare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13:

plene sapientes homines,

id. Off. 1, 15:

praestare aliquid,

perfectly, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 14.— Comp.:

plenius facere aliquid,

Ov. P. 2, 11, 20:

alere,

Quint. 2, 2, 8.— Sup.:

quamvis illud plenissime, hoc restrictissime feceris,

Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 13.

plēnus, a, um, adj. [from the root ple-; Sanscr. prā-, to fill; Gr. pla- in pimplêmi, plêthô; Lat. plerus, plebs, populus, etc.; whence compleo, expleo, suppleo], full, filled with any thing (class.; cf.: refertus, oppletus).

Lit.

In gen., with gen.:

rimarum,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25:

corpus suci,

id. ib. 2, 3, 27:

Gallia est plena civium Romanorum,

Cic. Font. 1, 11:

domus plena caelati argenti,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 14. §

35: vini, somni,

id. Red. in Sen. 6, 13: [p. 1387] stellarum, id. Rep. 6, 11, 11.—With abl.:

plena domus ornamentis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 126:

vita plena et conferta voluptatibus,

id. Sest. 10, 23:

plenum pueris gymnasium,

Quint. 2, 8, 3.— Absol.:

auditorium,

Quint. 2, 11, 3:

plenissimis velis navigare,

with swelling sails, Cic. Dom. 10, 24.—As subst.: plēnum, i, n., space occupied by matter, a plenum, Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118.—Adverb.: ad plenum, to repletion, copiously, abundantly ( poet.), Verg. G. 2, 244:

hic tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 15; so Veg. 2, 9:

philosophiae scientiam ad plenum adeptus,

Eutr. 8, 10.—

In partic.

Of bodily size, stout, bulky, portly, plump, corpulent (class.):

pleni enective simus,

Cic. Div. 2, 69, 142:

vulpecula pleno corpore,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31:

frigus inimicum est tenui: at prodest omnibus plenis,

Cels. 1, 9:

femina,

Ov. A. A. 2, 661.— Comp.:

tauros palea ac feno facere pleniores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12.— Sup.:

plenissimus quisque,

Cels. 2, 1.—

Of females, big, with child, pregnant (class.):

et cum te gravidam et cum te pulchre plenam aspicio, gaudeo,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 49:

femina,

Ov. M. 10, 469; Val. Fl. 1, 413:

sus plena,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101; cf.:

Telluri plenae victima plena datur (preceded by gravida),

Ov. F. 4, 634.—

Filled, satisfied ( poet.), Ov. Am. 2, 6, 29:

plenus cum languet amator,

sated with reading, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8; cf.:

illa bibit sitiens lector, mea pocula plenus,

Ov. P. 3, 4, 55.—

Full packed, laden; with abl.:

quadrupedes pleni dominis armisque,

Stat. Th. 4, 812:

exercitus plenissimus praedā,

Liv. 41, 28:

crura thymo plenae (apes),

Verg. G. 4, 181.— Absol.:

vitis,

Ov. Am. 2, 14, 23.—

Entire, complete, full, whole:

ut haberet ad praeturam gerendam plenum annum atque integrum,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

gaudia,

id. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

numerus,

id. Rep. 6, 12, 12:

pleno aratro sulcare,

with the whole plough sunk in the ground, Col. 2, 2, 25:

sustineas ut onus, nitendum vertice pleno est, i. e. toto,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 77:

pleno gradu,

at full pace, at storming pace, Liv. 4, 32.— Neutr. adverb.: in plenum, on the whole, generally (post-Aug.), Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 31; Sen. Ep. 91, 9.—

Of the voice, sonorous, full, clear, strong, loud (class.):

vox grandior et plenior,

Cic. Brut. 84, 289:

voce plenior,

id. de Or. 1, 29, 132.—

Of letters, syllables, words, full, at full length, not contracted, unabridged:

pleniores syllabae,

Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28:

ut E plenissimum dicas,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46:

siet plenum est, sit imminutum,

id. Or. 47, 157:

plenissima verba,

Ov. M. 10, 290.—

Of food and drink, strong, hearty, substantial:

pleniores cibi,

Cels. 3, 20:

vinum,

id. 1, 6.—

Full, abundant, plentiful, much:

non tam Siciliam, quam inanem offenderant, quam Verrem ipsum, qui plenus decesserat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12:

urbes,

id. Pis. 37, 91:

pecunia,

much money, id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

mensa,

Verg. A. 11, 738.— Comp.:

serius potius ad nos, dum plenior,

Cic. Fam. 7, 9, 2:

tres uno die a te accepi litteras, unam brevem, duas pleniores,

fuller, larger, id. ib. 11, 12, 1.— Sup.:

plenissima villa,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 50.—

Of age, full, advanced, ripe, mature:

jam plenis nubilis annis,

marriageable, Verg. A. 7, 53:

plenus vitā,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 129:

annis,

full of years, that has reached extreme old age, Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

plenior annis,

Val. Fl. 1, 376:

annus vicesimus quintus coeptus pro pleno habetur,

Dig. 50, 4, 8.—

Law t. t.: pleno jure, with a complete legal title:

proinde pleno jure incipit, id est et in bonis et ex jure Quiritium, tua res esse,

Gai. Inst. 2, 41:

pleno jure heres fieri,

id. ib. 3, 85 al.—

Trop., full, filled.

In gen., with gen.: plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 Vahl.):

jejunitatis plenus,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 13:

consili,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 49:

viti probrique,

id. Mil. 2, 5, 13:

fraudis, sceleris, parricidi, perjuri,

id. Rud. 3, 2, 37:

offici,

Cic. Att. 7, 4, 1:

negoti,

full of business, id. N. D. 1, 20, 54; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 146:

irae,

Liv. 3, 48:

ingenii,

Cic. Fl. 6, 15:

laboris,

Plin. 6, 19, 22, § 66:

quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris?

is not full of our disaster? Verg. A. 1, 460.—With abl.:

plenus sum exspectatione de Pompeio,

full of expectation, Cic. Att. 3, 14, 1:

laetitiā,

Caes. B. C. 1, 74:

humanitate,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2; 2, 1, 7.—

In partic.

Complete, finished, ample, copious (class.):

orator plenus atque perfectus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 59:

plenior, opp. to jejunior,

id. ib. 3, 4, 16:

oratio plenior,

id. Off. 1, 1, 2:

pleniora scribere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 53.—

Full of, abounding or rich in any thing:

plenum bonarum rerum oppidum,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 38:

quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario?

Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19: pleniore ore laudare, with fuller mouth, i. e. more heartily, id. Off. 1, 18, 61.—Hence, adv.: plēnē.

Lit., full (post-Aug.):

vasa plene infundere,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 139.—

Trop., fully, wholly, completely, thorougnly, largely (class.):

plene cumulateque aliquid perficere,

Cic. Div. 2, 1:

plene perfectae munitiones,

Caes. B. G. 3, 3:

aliquid vitare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13:

plene sapientes homines,

id. Off. 1, 15:

praestare aliquid,

perfectly, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 14.— Comp.:

plenius facere aliquid,

Ov. P. 2, 11, 20:

alere,

Quint. 2, 2, 8.— Sup.:

quamvis illud plenissime, hoc restrictissime feceris,

Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 13.

pōno, pŏsŭi (Plaut. posīvi), pŏsĭtum, 3 (old form of perf. POSEIVEI, Inscr. Orell. 3308:

posivi,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 35: posivimus, id. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.:

posiverunt, Cato, R. R. praef. 1: posiveris,

id. ib. 4, 1; Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 108: POSIER unt, Inscr. Orell. 5061:

POSIT, contr. from posivit,

ib. 71; 732; 1475; 3087 al.; part. perf. sync. postus, a, um, Lucr. 1, 1059; 3, 87; 6, 965), v. a. [for posno, posino, from old prep. port, = proti, pros, and sino; cf.: porricio, pollingo, etc., and v. pro, sino], to put or set down a person or thing, to put, place, set, lay, etc. (syn.: colloco, statuo); constr. with acc. alone, or with in and abl., or with adv. of place; sometimes with in and acc., or absol.; v. infra.

Lit.

In gen.:

tabulas in aerario ponere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 108:

castra,

to pitch, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.:

castra iniquo loco,

id. ib. 1, 81:

milia passuum tria ab eorum castris castra ponit,

id. B. G. 1, 22 fin.: qui indicabantur, in senatu sunt positi, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 50:

tabulas obsignatas in publico,

Cic. Fl. 9, 21:

sejuges in Capitolio aurati a P. Cornelio positi,

Liv. 38, 35, 4:

tyrannicidae imago in gymnasio ponatur,

Quint. 7, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 7, 12:

collum in Pulvere,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 11; cf.:

artus in litore ponunt,

Verg. A. 1, 173; and with simple abl.:

saxo posuit latus,

Val. Fl. 4, 378:

in curulibus sellis sese posuerunt,

seated themselves, Flor. 1, 13.—With in and acc.: hodierno die primum longo intervallo in possessionem libertatis pedem ponimus, Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 28 B. and K. (Klotz, possessione):

Cyzici in Prytaneum vasa aurea mensae unius posuit,

Liv. 41, 20, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

stipes erat, quem... in flammam triplices posuere sorores,

Ov. M. 8, 452:

omnia pone feros in ignes,

id. R. Am. 719:

oleas in solem,

Cato, R. R. 7:

coronam in caput,

Gell. 3, 15, 3.—With sub and abl.:

pone sub curru nimium propinqui,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 21:

fundamenta,

Vulg. 1 Esd. 6, 3:

ubi pedem poneret non habebat,

might set his foot, Cic. Fin. 4, 25, 69:

genu or genua,

to bow the knee, to kneel, Ov. F. 2, 438; 5, 507; Curt. 8, 7, 13:

num genu posuit? num vocem supplicem misit?

id. 4, 6, 28:

oculos,

to cast one's eyes on, Vulg. Jer. 24, 6:

faciem,

to turn one's face, id. ib. 42, 15.—

In partic.

In milit. lang., to place, post, set, station a body of troops:

ibi praesidium ponit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

praesidium ibi,

id. B. C. 1, 47 fin.:

legionem tuendae orae maritimae causā,

id. ib. 3, 34:

insidias contra aliquem,

Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 49.—

To set up, erect, build (mostly poet.):

opus,

Ov. M. 8, 160:

templa,

Verg. A. 6, 19:

aras,

id. ib. 3, 404:

tropaeum,

Nep. Dat. 8, 3; so,

in inscrr., of erecting monuments of any kind: POSVIT, PONENDVM CVRAVIT (usu. abbreviated P. C.), etc.: columna rostrata quae est Duilio in foro posita,

in honor of Duilius, Quint. 1, 7, 12.—

Hence, poet., to form, fashion works of art:

Alcimedon duo pocula fecit... Orpheaque in medio posuit,

Verg. E. 3, 46:

hic saxo liquidis ille coloribus Sollers nunc hominem ponere, nunc deum,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 8.—

To set, set out, plant trees, etc. ( poet. and in postAug. prose;

syn.: planto, sero): pone ordine vites,

Verg. E. 1, 74:

vitem,

Col. 4, 1; cf.:

ille et nefasto te (arbor) posuit die,

planted thee, Hor. C. 2, 13, 1.—

To lay, stake, wager, as a forfeit; to lay down, propose, as a prize: pono pallium;

Ille suum anulum opposuit,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 76:

pocula fagina,

Verg. E. 3, 36:

invitat pretiis animos et praemia ponit,

id. A. 5, 292:

praemia,

id. ib. 5, 486:

praemium,

Liv. 41, 23, 10.—

In business lang., to put out at interest, to loan, to invest (less freq. than collocare): pecuniam in praedio ponere, Cic. Tull. § 15 Orell.; cf.:

pecuniam apud aliquem,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 70, § 165:

dives positis in fenore nummis,

Hor. A. P. 421:

pecuniam Quaerit Kalendis ponere,

id. Epod. 2, 70.—

To place, set, appoint a person as a watch or guard, accuser, etc. (less freq. than apponere):

Dumnorigi custodes ponit, ut, quae agat, scire possit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20 fin.:

custos frumento publico est positus,

Cic. Fl. 19, 45: alicui accusatorem, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3:

puer super hoc positus officium,

Petr. 56, 8.—

To serve up, set before one at table (rare for the class. apponere), Cato, R. R. 79; so id. ib. 81:

posito pavone,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 23; 2, 4, 14; 2, 6, 64; 2, 8, 91; id. A. P. 422:

positi Bacchi cornua,

Ov. A. A. 1, 231:

vinum,

Petr. 34, 7:

calidum scis ponere sumen,

Pers. 1, 53:

porcum,

Mart. 8, 22, 1:

da Trebio, pone ad Trebium,

Juv. 5, 135.—

To lay aside, take off, put down, lay down, etc. (as clothing, arms, books, the hair or beard, etc., = deponere):

cum pila ludere vellet tunicamque poneret,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; cf.:

veste positā,

id. ib. 1, 47, 113:

velamina,

Ov. A. A. 2, 613; cf.:

velamina de corpore,

id. M. 4, 345:

arma,

Caes. B. G. 4, 37:

sarcinam,

Petr. 117, 11:

barbam,

Suet. Calig. 5; cf.:

bicolor positis membrana capillis,

Pers. 3, 10:

libros de manibus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 23; cf.:

cum posui librum, et mecum ipse coepi cogitare,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24.—

To lay out for the grave:

toroque Mortua componar, positaeque det oscula frater,

Ov. M. 9, 503; Verg. A. 2, 644.—Also, to lay in the grave, to bury, inter ( poet. and in post-class. prose;

syn.: sepelio, condo): corpore posto,

Lucr. 3, 871:

te... patriā decedens ponere terrā,

Verg. A. 6, 508; Ov. F. 5, 480:

ubi corpus meum positum fuerit,

Dig. 34, 1, 18 fin.; Inscr. Orell. 4370:

IN HAC CVPA MATER ET FILIVS POSITI SVNT,

ib. 4550; 4495:

HIC POSITVS EST, Inscr. in Boeckh. C. I. Gr. 4156: CINERES,

Inscr. Orell. 4393; 4489.—

Ponere calculum or calculos, transf., to weigh carefully, to ponder, consider:

si bene calculum ponas,

Petr. 115, 16:

examina tecum, omnesque, quos ego movi, in utrāque parte calculos pone,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19 fin. —

To arrange, deck, set in order (cf. compono):

qui suas ponunt in statione comas,

Ov. A. A. 3, 434:

quid totiens positas fingis, inepta, comas?

id. ib. 1, 306; cf. id. H. 4, 77; id. M. 1, 477.—

To subdue, calm, allay, quiet:

quo non arbiter Hadriae Major, tollere seu ponere vult freta,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 16:

magnos cum ponunt aequora motus,

Prop. 4 (5), 14, 31.—Hence, neutr., of the winds, to fall, abate ( poet. and late Lat.):

cum venti posuere omnisque repente resedit Flatus,

Verg. A. 7, 27:

tum Zephyri posuere,

id. ib. 10, 103:

simul ac ventus posuit,

Gell. 2, 30, 2.

Trop.

In gen., to set, place, put, lay a thing anywhere: noenum ponebat rumores ante salutem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 314 Vahl.):

pone ante oculos laetitiam senatūs,

Cic. Phil. 2, 45, 115:

at te apud eum, di boni! quantā in gratiā posui,

id. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; 6, 1, 22: ponite me ei (Appio) in gratiā, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:

apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiā,

Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3 B. and K. (Orell. gratiam):

se quoque in gratiā reconciliatae pacis ponere,

Liv. 44, 14, 7:

in laude positus,

Cic. Sest. 66, 139:

aliquem in metu non ponere,

i. e. not to fear, id. Top. 13, 55:

virtutum fundamenta in voluptate tamquam in aquā ponere,

id. Fin. 2, 22, 72; cf. id. Pis. 4, 9:

aliquid in conspectu animi,

id. de Or. 3, 40, 161; cf.:

sub uno aspectu ponere,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 1, 1: ponendus est ille ambitus, non abiciendus, to lay down gently, i. e. close gracefully, Cic. Or. 59, 199:

super cor,

to lay to heart, Vulg. Mal. 2, 2.—With in and acc.:

te in crimen populo ponat atque infamiam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 11.—Elliptically: et quidem cum in mentem venit, ponor ad scribendum, when it occurs to Cœsar, he sets me (i. e. my name) to the Senate's decrees, Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 4.—

In partic.

Ponere aliquid in aliquā re, to put or place a thing in something, to cause a thing to rest or depend upon:

credibile non est, quantum ego in consiliis et prudentiā tuā, quantum in amore et fide ponam,

Cic. Att. 2, 23, 3:

spem in aliquo,

id. ib. 6, 1, 11:

salutis auxilium in celeritate,

Caes. B. G. 5, 48; cf.:

spem salutis in virtute,

id. ib. 5, 34, 2:

ut in dubio poneret, utrum, etc.,

regarded as doubtful, doubted, Liv. 34, 5, 3: sed haec haud in magno equidem ponam discrimine, I shall attach no great importance to it, id. prooem. § 8.—In pass.: positum esse in aliquā re, to be based or founded upon, to rest upon, depend upon:

ut salutem praesentium, spem reliquorum in vestris sententiis positam esse et defixam putetis,

Cic. Fl. 1, 3; id. Agr. 2, 9, 22:

omnia posita putamus in Planci tui liberalitate,

id. Att. 16, 16, F, 2; id. Or. 8, 27:

in te positum est, ut, etc.,

id. Att. 16, 16, B, § 8. —

To lay out, spend, employ a thing, esp. time, in any thing:

tempus in cogitatione ponere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

si in hac curā vita mihi ponenda sit,

id. Fam. 9, 24, 4:

diem totum in considerandā causā,

id. Brut. 22, 87; cf. id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; id. Att. 6, 2, 6:

sumptum,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2; id. Fam. 13, 54 fin.; cf.:

totum animum atque omnem curam, operam diligentiamque suam in petitione,

id. Mur. 22, 45:

id multo tum faciemus liberius totosque nos in contemplandis rebus perspiciendisque ponemus,

id. Tusc. 1, 19, 44:

apud gratissimum hominem beneficium ponere,

id. Fam. 13, 55 fin.:

itinera enim ita facit, ut multos dies in oppidum ponat,

id. Att. 11, 22, 2.—

To put, place, count, reckon, consider a thing in or among certain things:

mortem in malis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 29:

in beneficii loco,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 12; id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

si quis motus populi factus esset, id C. Norbano in fraude capitali esse ponendum,

id. de Or. 2, 48, 199:

in laude,

to regard as praiseworthy, id. Top. 18, 71:

in vitiis poni,

to be regarded as a fault, Nep. Epam. 1, 2.—

To appoint, ordain, make something:

leges,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:

festos laetosque ritus,

Tac. H. 5, 5 fin.:

ut male posuimus initia, sic cetera sequentur,

Cic. Att. 10, 18, 2:

ne tu in spem ponas me bonae frugi fore,

to hope for, reckon upon, Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 4 Fleck.: nomen, to apply or give a name (= imponere):

sunt enim rebus novis nova ponenda nomina,

Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 44; id. Tusc. 3, 5, 10; Verg. A. 7, 63:

qui tibi nomen Insano posuere,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 48: rationem, to furnish an account, to [p. 1397] reckon, Suet. Oth. 7; cf. Col. 1, 3:

pecuniae,

Dig. 46, 3, 89.—

To make or render vows or votive offerings to the gods:

Veneri ponere vota,

Prop. 3, 12, 18:

nunc ego victrices lauro redimire tabellas, Nec Veneris mediā ponere in aede morer,

Ov. Am. 1, 11, 25:

hic ponite lucida Funalia et vectes,

Hor. C. 3, 26, 6:

libatum agricolae ponitur ante deo,

Tib. 1, 1, 14; Ov. M. 3, 506:

ex praedā tripodem aureum Delphi posuit,

Nep. Paus. 2, 3.—

In speaking or writing, to lay down as true, to state, assume, assert, maintain, allege, take for granted, etc.:

quamobrem, ut paulo ante posui, si, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Fin. 2, 31, 100:

recte Magnus ille noster, me audiente, posuit in judicio, rem publicam, etc.,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6: verum pono, esse victum eum;

at, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 25:

positum sit igitur in primis, etc.,

Cic. Or. 4, 14:

hoc posito atque concesso, esse quandam vim divinam, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf.:

quo posito, et omnium sensu adprobato,

id. Fin. 3, 8, 29; id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

pono satis in eo fuisse orationis atque ingenii,

id. Brut. 45, 165:

aliquid pro certo ponere,

Liv. 10, 9 fin.:

nunc rem ipsam ponamus quam illi non negant... Est haec res posita, quae ab adversario non negatur,

Cic. Caecin. 11, 32.—

Esp.: exemplum ponere, to cite an instance:

eorum quae constant exempla ponemus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 38, 68:

perspicuo et grandi vitio praeditum posuimus exemplum,

id. ib. 1, 47, 88:

ab adjunctis antea posui exemplum,

id. Top. 11, 50:

horum exempla posui ex jure civili,

id. ib. 14, 58:

horum generum ex Cicerone exempla ponamus,

Quint. 5, 11, 11; 6, 3, 108 al.—

To set before the mind, represent, describe:

nec ponere lucum Artifices, nec, etc.,

Pers. 1, 70:

pone Tigellinum,

Juv. 1, 155.—

To propose, offer, fix upon a theme for discussion (= proponere):

mihi nunc vos quaestiunculam, de quā meo arbitratu loquar, ponitis?

Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; 2, 1, 2:

ponere aliquid, ad quod audiam, si tibi non est molestum, volo,

id. Fat. 2, 4; cf.:

ponere jubebam, de quo quis audire vellet,

id. Tusc. 1, 4, 7:

ponere praemium,

Liv. 39, 17, 1; and impers. pass.:

doctorum est ista consuetudo eaque Graecorum, ut iis ponatur, de quo disputent quamvis subito,

id. Lael. 5, 17; so,

cum ita positum esset, videri, etc.,

id. Tusc. 3, 22, 54.—

To put away, leave off, dismiss, forego, lay down, surrender (= deponere):

vitam propera ponere,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 3, 4:

vitia,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46:

dolorem,

id. Tusc. 3, 28, 66: inimicitias, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6:

curas,

Liv. 1, 19:

metum,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6:

iram,

Hor. A. P. 160:

moras,

id. C. 4, 12, 25; Ov. F. 2, 816:

animos feroces,

Liv. 8, 1:

corda ferocia,

Verg. A. 1, 302:

vires (flammae),

id. ib. 5, 681:

ipsum rudimentum adulescentiae bello lacessentem Romanos posuisse,

had obtained his first experience, Liv. 31, 11 fin.; Suet. Ner. 22; also,

tirocinium,

Just. 12, 4, 6:

animam,

to lay down life, Vulg. Johan. 10, 15; 17.—Esp., milit. t. t.: arma ponere (= deponere), to lay down arms, yield, surrender:

Nepesinis inde edictum ut arma ponant,

Liv. 6, 10, 5:

dedi imperatorem, arma poni jubet,

id. 4, 10, 3; cf.:

positis armis,

id. 35, 36, 4; id. Epit. 88.—

To make, cause to be (eccl. Lat.):

cornu tuum ponam ferreum,

Vulg. Mich. 4, 13:

posuit me desolatam,

id. Thren. 3, 11; with quasi:

ponam Samariam quasi acervum,

id. Mich. 1, 6; with in and acc.:

posuerunt eam in ruinam,

id. Isa. 23, 13.—

To assume, suppose, put a case (of mere suppositions; only late Lat.; cf. 6 supra): pone tamen ab evangelistis scriptum, Ambros. de Fide, 5, 16, 194; Ps.-Quint. Decl. 273.—Hence, pŏsĭtus, a, um, P. a., of localities, placed, situated; situate, standing, lying anywhere:

Roma in montibus posita,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96:

Delos in Aegaeo mari posita,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 5:

tumulus opportune ad id positus,

id. 28, 13:

urbs alieno solo posita,

id. 4, 17.— Poet.:

somno positus = sopitus,

lulled to sleep, Verg. A. 4, 527.

postŭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [posco], to ask, demand, require, request, desire (syn.: posco, flagito, peto); constr. with aliquid, aliquid ab aliquo, aliquem aliquid, with ut ( ne), de, with inf., or absol.

In gen.:

incipiunt postulare, poscere, minari,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78:

nemo inventus est tam audax, qui posceret, nemo tam impudens qui postularet ut venderet,

id. ib. 2, 4, 20, § 44; cf. Liv. 2, 45; 3, 19:

tametsi causa postulat, tamen quia postulat, non flagitat, praeteribo,

Cic. Quint. 3, 13:

postulabat autem magis quam petebat, ut, etc.,

Curt. 4, 1, 8:

dehinc postulo, sive aequom est, te oro, ut, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 19:

ita volo itaque postulo ut fiat,

id. ib. 3, 3, 18; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 27:

suom jus postulat,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 47; cf.:

aequom postulat, da veniam,

id. And. 5, 3, 30; and:

quid est? num iniquom postulo?

id. Phorm. 2, 3, 64:

nunc hic dies alios mores postulat,

id. And. 1, 2, 18:

fidem publicam,

Cic. Att. 2, 24, 2:

istud, quod postulas,

id. Rep. 1, 20, 33; id. Lael. 2, 9:

ad senatum venire auxilium postulatum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

deliberandi sibi unum diem postulavit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 22, 60; cf.:

noctem sibi ad deliberandum postulavit,

id. Sest. 34, 74:

postulo abs te, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 18:

postulatur a te jam diu vel flagitatur potius historia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 5:

quom maxime abs te postulo atque oro, ut, etc.,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 4; and:

quidvis ab amico postulare,

Cic. Lael. 10, 35; cf. in pass.:

cum aliquid ab amicis postularetur,

id. ib.:

orationes a me duas postulas,

id. Att. 2, 7, 1:

quod principes civitatum a me postulassent,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; cf. infra the passages with an object-clause.—With ut ( ne):

quodam modo postulat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 2:

postulatum est, ut Bibuli sententia divideretur,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 1 (for other examples with ut, v. supra):

legatos ad Bocchum mittit postulatum, ne sine causā hostis populo Romano fieret,

Sall. J. 83, 1.—With subj. alone:

qui postularent, eos qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent, sibi dederent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 3.—With de:

sapientes homines a senatu de foedere postulaverunt,

Cic. Balb. 15, 34:

Ariovistus legatos ad eum mittit, quod antea de colloquio postulasset, id per se fieri licere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42.—With inf., freq. to be rendered, to wish, like, want: qui lepide postulat alterum frustrari, Enn. ap. Gell. 18, 2, 7 (Sat. 32 Vahl.):

hic postulat se Romae absolvi, qui, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 138:

o facinus impudicum! quam liberam esse oporteat, servire postulare,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 62; id. Men. 2, 3, 88:

me ducere istis dictis postulas?

Ter. And. 4, 1, 20; id. Eun. 1, 1, 16:

(lupinum) ne spargi quidem postulat decidens sponte,

Plin. 18, 14, 36, § 135:

si me tibi praemandere postulas,

Gell. 4, 1, 11.—With a double object: quas (sollicitudines) levare tua te prudentia postulat, demands of you, Luccei. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2. —With nom. and inf.:

qui postulat deus credi,

Curt. 6, 11, 24.—

In partic., in jurid. lang.

To summon, arraign before a court, to prosecute, accuse, impeach (syn.: accuso, insimulo); constr. class. usu. with de and abl., post-Aug. also with gen.):

Gabinium tres adhuc factiones postulant: L. Lentulus, qui jam de majestate postulavit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 15:

aliquem apud praetorem de pecuniis repetundis,

id. Cornel. Fragm. 1:

aliquem repetundis,

Tac. A. 3, 38:

aliquem majestatis,

id. ib. 1, 74:

aliquem repetundarum,

Suet. Caes. 4: aliquem aliquā lege, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3:

aliquem ex aliquā causā reum,

Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 33:

aliquem impietatis reum,

Plin. Ep. 7, 33, 7:

aliquem injuriarum,

Suet. Aug. 56 fin.:

aliquem capitis,

Dig. 46, 1, 53:

qui (infames) postulare prohibentur,

Paul. Sent. 1, 2, 1.—

To demand a writ or leave to prosecute, from the prætor or other magistrate:

postulare est desiderium suum vel amici sui in jure apud eum qui jurisdictioni praeest exponere vel alterius desiderio contradicere, etc.,

Dig. 3, 1, 1; cf.

this whole section: De postulando: in aliquem delationem nominis postulare,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 20, 64:

postulare servos in quaestionem,

id. Rosc. Am. 28, 77:

quaestionem,

Liv. 2, 29, 5.—

For the usual expostulare, to complain of one:

quom patrem adeas postulatum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 38 (but in id. Mil. 2, 6, 35, the correct read. is expostulare; v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

Postulare votum (lit. to ask a desire, i. e.), to vow, App. Flor. init. —

Of the seller, to demand a price, ask (post-class. for posco):

pro eis (libris) trecentos Philippeos postulasse,

Lact. 1, 6, 10; cf.:

accipe victori populus quod postulat aurum,

Juv. 7, 243. —

Transf., of things.

To contain, measure:

jugerum sex modios seminis postulat,

Col. 2, 9, 17.—

To need, require:

cepina magis frequenter subactam postulat terram,

Col. 11, 3, 56.—Hence, po-stŭlātum, i, n.; usually in plur.: po-stŭlāta, ōrum, a demand, request (class.):

intolerabilia postulata,

Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 1; id. Phil. 12, 12, 28: deferre postulata alicujus ad aliquem, Caes. B. C. 1, 9:

cognoscere de postulatis alicujus,

id. B. G. 4, 11 fin.:

postulata facere,

Nep. Alcib. 8, 4.

postŭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [posco], to ask, demand, require, request, desire (syn.: posco, flagito, peto); constr. with aliquid, aliquid ab aliquo, aliquem aliquid, with ut ( ne), de, with inf., or absol.

In gen.:

incipiunt postulare, poscere, minari,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78:

nemo inventus est tam audax, qui posceret, nemo tam impudens qui postularet ut venderet,

id. ib. 2, 4, 20, § 44; cf. Liv. 2, 45; 3, 19:

tametsi causa postulat, tamen quia postulat, non flagitat, praeteribo,

Cic. Quint. 3, 13:

postulabat autem magis quam petebat, ut, etc.,

Curt. 4, 1, 8:

dehinc postulo, sive aequom est, te oro, ut, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 19:

ita volo itaque postulo ut fiat,

id. ib. 3, 3, 18; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 27:

suom jus postulat,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 47; cf.:

aequom postulat, da veniam,

id. And. 5, 3, 30; and:

quid est? num iniquom postulo?

id. Phorm. 2, 3, 64:

nunc hic dies alios mores postulat,

id. And. 1, 2, 18:

fidem publicam,

Cic. Att. 2, 24, 2:

istud, quod postulas,

id. Rep. 1, 20, 33; id. Lael. 2, 9:

ad senatum venire auxilium postulatum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

deliberandi sibi unum diem postulavit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 22, 60; cf.:

noctem sibi ad deliberandum postulavit,

id. Sest. 34, 74:

postulo abs te, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 18:

postulatur a te jam diu vel flagitatur potius historia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 5:

quom maxime abs te postulo atque oro, ut, etc.,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 4; and:

quidvis ab amico postulare,

Cic. Lael. 10, 35; cf. in pass.:

cum aliquid ab amicis postularetur,

id. ib.:

orationes a me duas postulas,

id. Att. 2, 7, 1:

quod principes civitatum a me postulassent,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; cf. infra the passages with an object-clause.—With ut ( ne):

quodam modo postulat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 2:

postulatum est, ut Bibuli sententia divideretur,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 1 (for other examples with ut, v. supra):

legatos ad Bocchum mittit postulatum, ne sine causā hostis populo Romano fieret,

Sall. J. 83, 1.—With subj. alone:

qui postularent, eos qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent, sibi dederent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 3.—With de:

sapientes homines a senatu de foedere postulaverunt,

Cic. Balb. 15, 34:

Ariovistus legatos ad eum mittit, quod antea de colloquio postulasset, id per se fieri licere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42.—With inf., freq. to be rendered, to wish, like, want: qui lepide postulat alterum frustrari, Enn. ap. Gell. 18, 2, 7 (Sat. 32 Vahl.):

hic postulat se Romae absolvi, qui, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 138:

o facinus impudicum! quam liberam esse oporteat, servire postulare,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 62; id. Men. 2, 3, 88:

me ducere istis dictis postulas?

Ter. And. 4, 1, 20; id. Eun. 1, 1, 16:

(lupinum) ne spargi quidem postulat decidens sponte,

Plin. 18, 14, 36, § 135:

si me tibi praemandere postulas,

Gell. 4, 1, 11.—With a double object: quas (sollicitudines) levare tua te prudentia postulat, demands of you, Luccei. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2. —With nom. and inf.:

qui postulat deus credi,

Curt. 6, 11, 24.—

In partic., in jurid. lang.

To summon, arraign before a court, to prosecute, accuse, impeach (syn.: accuso, insimulo); constr. class. usu. with de and abl., post-Aug. also with gen.):

Gabinium tres adhuc factiones postulant: L. Lentulus, qui jam de majestate postulavit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 15:

aliquem apud praetorem de pecuniis repetundis,

id. Cornel. Fragm. 1:

aliquem repetundis,

Tac. A. 3, 38:

aliquem majestatis,

id. ib. 1, 74:

aliquem repetundarum,

Suet. Caes. 4: aliquem aliquā lege, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3:

aliquem ex aliquā causā reum,

Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 33:

aliquem impietatis reum,

Plin. Ep. 7, 33, 7:

aliquem injuriarum,

Suet. Aug. 56 fin.:

aliquem capitis,

Dig. 46, 1, 53:

qui (infames) postulare prohibentur,

Paul. Sent. 1, 2, 1.—

To demand a writ or leave to prosecute, from the prætor or other magistrate:

postulare est desiderium suum vel amici sui in jure apud eum qui jurisdictioni praeest exponere vel alterius desiderio contradicere, etc.,

Dig. 3, 1, 1; cf.

this whole section: De postulando: in aliquem delationem nominis postulare,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 20, 64:

postulare servos in quaestionem,

id. Rosc. Am. 28, 77:

quaestionem,

Liv. 2, 29, 5.—

For the usual expostulare, to complain of one:

quom patrem adeas postulatum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 38 (but in id. Mil. 2, 6, 35, the correct read. is expostulare; v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

Postulare votum (lit. to ask a desire, i. e.), to vow, App. Flor. init. —

Of the seller, to demand a price, ask (post-class. for posco):

pro eis (libris) trecentos Philippeos postulasse,

Lact. 1, 6, 10; cf.:

accipe victori populus quod postulat aurum,

Juv. 7, 243. —

Transf., of things.

To contain, measure:

jugerum sex modios seminis postulat,

Col. 2, 9, 17.—

To need, require:

cepina magis frequenter subactam postulat terram,

Col. 11, 3, 56.—Hence, po-stŭlātum, i, n.; usually in plur.: po-stŭlāta, ōrum, a demand, request (class.):

intolerabilia postulata,

Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 1; id. Phil. 12, 12, 28: deferre postulata alicujus ad aliquem, Caes. B. C. 1, 9:

cognoscere de postulatis alicujus,

id. B. G. 4, 11 fin.:

postulata facere,

Nep. Alcib. 8, 4.

prō-fĕro, tŭli, lātum, ferre ( inf. pass. parag. proferrier, Lucr. 1, 207;

proferis for profers,

Firm. Mat. 22, 3), v. a.

Lit.

To carry or bring out, to bring forth (class.; cf.: prodo, produco, adduco): Al. Vin' proferri pateram? Am. Proferri volo. Al. Fiat:

tu, Thessala, intus pateram proferto foras,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 137:

arma tormentaque ex oppido,

Caes. B. C. 2, 22:

(nummos) ex arcā,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 29.—

To extend, stretch, or thrust out:

linguam in tussiendo,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 50:

manum,

id. Ps. 3, 2, 72:

digitum,

Cic. Caecin. 25, 71.—

Se proferre, to raise one's self, show one's self, appear (post-Aug.):

draco e pulvino se proferens,

Suet. Ner. 6.—

To offer, proffer:

alicui minas viginti argenti,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 60.—Esp.,

Proferre gradum or pedem, to go on, proceed:

gradum proferam, progredi properabo,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 2: gradum pedum proferre, Enn ap Fest. p. 249:

passus, Lucr 4, 874: longe pedem,

Quint. 11, 3, 160; cf.: pedem, Hor A. P 135. —

As milit. t. t.: signa proferre, to advance the standards, march on, Liv 4, 32, 10; so,

proferre inde castra,

id. 10, 33, 7:

quidquid ab urbe longius proferrent arma,

id. 7, 32, 6.—Also,

Nautical t t.:

pedibus profatis in contrarium navigare,

to sail close to the wind, Plin. 2, 47, 48; cf.:

prolato pede transversos captare notos,

Sen. Med. 321.—

Transf.

To bring forth, produce, cause to grow, of plants (postAug.):

caelum laurum patitur, atque etiam nitidissimam profert,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:

semen,

Plin. 17, 13, 20, § 95 (al. perfert). —

Of pronunciation, to utter, pronounce (post-Aug.):

extremas syllabas,

Quint. 11, 3, 33.—

To extend, enlarge (class.):

castra, Caes, B. C. 1, 81: et proferre libet fines,

Juv. 14, 142:

pomoerium,

Gell. 13, 14, 2.—

To put off, defer, adjourn, etc. (class.): rem aliquot dies, Cat. ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14:

auctionis diem laxius proferre,

Cic. Att. 13, 14, 1:

aliquid in diem posterum,

Gell. 1, 23, 5; cf. Liv. 3, 20, 6.—

Of a painter, to bring out, to represent distinctly (post-Aug.);

venas protulit,

Plin. 35, 8, 34, § 56.—

Trop.

With se, to raise, elevate one's self (post-Aug.):

qui se ipsi protulerunt,

who have raised themselves from ignorance, Sen. Ep. 52, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 1.—

To bring out, make known, produce in public, publish (class.):

ejus (orationis) proferendae arbitrium tuum,

Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1:

artem,

to exhibit publicly, Suet. Ner 25 —

To bring forth, produce, invent, discover, make known, reveal (class.):

artem,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2:

palam proferre aliquid, Ter Ad. 3, 2, 41: cum illa indicia communis exitii indagavi, patefeci, protuli,

Cic. Mil. 37, 102:

aliquid foras,

id. Cael. 23, 57:

rem in medium,

id. Fam. 15, 2, 6:

secreta animi,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141:

Montanum, quia protulerit ingenium, extorrem agi,

displayed his genius, Tac. A. 16, 29 fin. —

To bring forward, quote, cite, mention (class.);

libros,

Cic. N. D. 1, 40, 113:

testes, legatos,

id. Balb. 18, 41:

auctores,

id. de Or 2, 71, 290:

nominatim multos,

id. Rosc. Am 16, 47;

paucos belli duces praestantissimos,

id. de Or 1, 2, 7:

vinolentiam alicujus,

id. Phil. 2, 39, 101:

vim, potentiam, factiones, divitias, clientelas, affinitates adversariorum,

Auct. Her. 1, 5, 8:

aliquid in medium,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 52, § 115; id. Fin. 2, 23, 76; Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 41:

memoriter Progeniem suam usque ab avo atque atavo, Ter Phorm. 2, 3, 48: exempla omnium nota,

Cic. Div 1, 46, 103.—

To extend, enlarge:

fines officiorum,

Cic. Mur. 31, 65:

memoriam alicujus,

to prolong, Plin. Ep. 5, 12, 2:

ut vita ejus debuerit inmortalitate proferri,

id. ib. 2, 7, 4; 3, 7, 14.—

To impel:

si paulo longius pietas Caecilium protulisset,

Cic. Sull. 23, 64.—With se:

cum se ad clarissimorum civium strages caedesque proferret,

Plin. Pan. 48.—

To lengthen out, prolong (class.):

beatam vitam usque ad rogum proferre,

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:

ut depositi proferret fata parentis,

Verg. A. 12, 395.

prōmo, mpsi (msi), mptum (mtum), 3, v. a. [pro-emo], to take, give, or bring out or forth, to produce (freq. and class.; syn.: profero, effero)

Lit.:

si quid tibi opus erit promptu, promito,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 113: Pa. Prompsisti tu illi vinum? Lu. Non prompsi, id. Mil. 3, 2, 16:

pecuniam ex aerario,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

signa ex aerario prompta,

Liv. 3, 69 fin.:

medicamenta de narthecio,

Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 22:

aurum ex armario,

id. Cael. 21, 52:

libros inde,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 7:

vina dolio,

Hor. Epod. 2, 47:

promptum vagina pugionem,

Tac. A. 15, 54 aliquid in usus, Col. 2, 10, 16: se, to come forth or out:

laetique cavo se robore promunt,

Verg. A. 2, 260:

vites promunt se,

put forth, shoot out, Col. 3, 12, 1.—

Trop.

In gen., to bring, put, or draw forth est aliquid, quod non ex usu forensi...sit promendum et assumendum, Cic. de Or 1, 14, 59:

loci, e quibus argumenta promuntur,

id. Top. 2, 7:

nunc promenda tibi sunt consilia,

id. Att. 9, 18, 2:

promere et exercere justitiam,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10:

nunc illas promite vires,

Verg. A. 5, 191.—

In partic., to bring to light, disclose, utter, tell, express, relate, etc.: percuntanti promere omnia. Plaut. As. 1, 1, 10:

rerum ordinem,

Vell. 2, 48, 6:

magnificam orationem de semet ipso prompsit,

Tac. H. 2, 90. verba, quae sensum animi nostri optime promunt, Quint. 8 praef. §

32: animi voluntatem,

id. 12, 10, 40: promere aliquid loquendo, id. 2, 16, 15:

quid ipse sim secutus promam,

id. 7, 1, 3: qui pueris utile carmen prompturus est, wishes to publish, App. Flor. p 358 med.; cf.:

insignem attenuat deus, Obscura promens,

raising into notice, Hor. C. 1, 34, 14.—Hence, promp-tus ( promtus), a, um, P. a., prop. brought to light, exposed to view; hence,

Visible, apparent, evident, manifest (rare but class.): inimicitiam atque amicitiam in frontem promptam gero, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 8, 6 (Trag. v 8 Vahl.):

aliud clausum in pectore, aliud promptum in linguā habere,

Sall. C. 10, 5:

tametsi hoc minime latet, quod ita promptum et propositum est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am 40, 118 prompta et aperta, id. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

eminentia et prompta,

id. de Or. 3, 57, 215:

consilia, locos, prompta, occulta noverat,

Tac. A. 2, 20.— Sup.:

nihil se tam clausum neque tam reconditum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42.—

Transf.

At hand, i. e. prepared, ready, quick, prompt, inclined or disposed to or for any thing = paratus, expeditus.

Absol.:

laudat promptos, segniores castigat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

promptissimus homo,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

cetera, quae tibi a multis prompta esse certo scio, a me sunt paratissima,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 6:

fidem alicui promptam expositamque praebere,

id. Caecin. 27, 78:

quorum cognoverat promptam audaciam,

Sall. C. 32, 2:

quod cuique promptum, arma, equos, aurum offerentes,

Tac. A. 1, 71:

sagittae,

Ov. M. 3, 188:

prompta et profluens eloquentia,

Tac. A. 13, 3.— Sup., Just. 22, 2, 12.—

With ad or in aliquid (rarely in aliquū re):

ad bella suscipienda Gallorum aiacer et promptus est animus,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19 fin.:

animus ad defendendam rem publicam, Cic Fam. 3, 11, 4. esse animo prompto ad jocandum,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 1:

homines ad vim prompti, ad seditionem parati,

id. Agr 2, 30, 82:

paratior ad usum forensem promptiorque esse,

id. Div. in Caecil. 13, 41:

promptiores ad nostra pericula,

id. Off. 1, 24, 83:

promptus ad lacessendum certamen, Liv 44, 4, 2: ad injurias vicinorum,

Just. 23, 1, 3:

promptus in pavorem,

Tac. A. 15, 25 fin.:

in adulationes,

id. ib. 15, 61: in latrocinia, Flor 4, 12, 10; cf. in comp.:

promptior in spem,

Tac. Agr. 35 fin.; and in sup.:

Dalmatae in latrocinia promptissimi, Flor 4, 12, 10: celeritas prompta et parata in agendo,

Cic. Brut. 42, 154:

in rebus gerendis promptus,

Nep. Them. 1, 4.—