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i+met+a+man+at+my+years

  • 61 in

    [ɪn] prep
    1) ( enclosed in) in +dat;
    the butter is \in the fridge die Butter ist im Kühlschrank;
    they live \in a cottage sie wohnen in einer Hütte;
    to be \in bed im Bett sein;
    to ride \in a car [im] Auto fahren;
    he likes swimming \in lakes er schwimmt gerne in Seen;
    it was covered \in dirt es war mit Schmutz überzogen;
    to lie \in the sun in der Sonne baden [o liegen];
    to find information \in the internet Informationen im Internet finden;
    she has over $100,000 \in a savings account sie hat über $100.000 auf einem Sparkonto;
    I've got a pain \in my back ich habe Schmerzen im Rücken;
    \in sb's head in jds Kopf;
    I never know what's going on \in her head ich weiß nie, was in ihrem Kopf vorgeht;
    to be \in hospital im Krankenhaus sein;
    to be \in and out of sth immer wieder in etw dat sein;
    she's been \in and out of hospitals ever since the accident sie war seit dem Unfall immer wieder im Krankenhaus
    2) ( surrounded by) in +dat;
    there are several gangs \in my neighbourhood in meiner Umgebung gab es mehrere Gangs;
    down below \in the valley unten im Tal;
    I got stuck \in a traffic jam ich bin in einen Stau gekommen;
    to stand \in the road auf der Straße sehen;
    the ducks swam \in the pond die Enten schwammen im Teich;
    I live \in New York ich lebe in New York;
    to look at oneself \in the mirror sich akk im Spiegel betrachten;
    \in the middle of sth in der Mitte von etw dat
    3) ( visible through) in +dat;
    \in the window im Fenster;
    the lady stood \in the doorway die Frau stand im Eingang
    4) after vb ( into) in +dat;
    to get \in the car ins Auto steigen;
    I just put too much milk \in my coffee ich habe zu viel Milch in meinen Kaffee getan;
    they decided to invest their savings \in stocks sie entschieden sich dazu, ihre Ersparnisse in Aktien anzulegen;
    to invest \in the future in die Zukunft investieren
    5) (Am) (at) auf +dat;
    is Erika still \in school? ist Erika noch auf der Schule?;
    Boris is \in college Boris ist auf dem College
    6) ( as part of) in +dat;
    who's the woman \in that painting? wer ist die Frau auf diesem Bild?;
    he was singer \in a band er war Sänger in einer Band;
    over 20 horses were \in the race an dem Rennen nahmen 20 Pferde teil;
    he looked for her face \in the crowd er suchte ihre Gesicht in der Menge;
    these themes can often be found \in Schiller diese Themen kommen bei Schiller oft vor;
    what do you look for \in a relationship? was erwartest du in einer Beziehung?;
    you're with us \in our thoughts wir denken an dich
    \in sth in etw dat;
    she works \in publishing sie arbeitet bei einem Verlag;
    they enlisted \in the army for two years sie verpflichteten sich für zwei Jahre als Soldaten;
    a degree \in sth ein Abschluss in etw dat;
    \in search of sb/ sth auf der Suche nach jdm/etw
    8) ( dressed) in +dat;
    the man [dressed] \in the grey suit der Mann in dem grauen Anzug;
    you look nice \in green grün steht dir;
    \in the nude nackt;
    to sunbathe \in the nude nackt sonnenbaden
    9) ( expressed as) oil paint, watercolour mit +dat;
    cheques should be written \in ink Schecks sollten mit Tinte ausgefüllt werden; French, English auf +dat;
    they spoke \in Russian the whole time sie sprachen die ganze Zeit auf Russisch;
    can you give me that offer \in writing? können Sie mir dieses Angebot schriftlich geben?;
    \in a small voice mit leiser Stimme;
    \in all honesty in aller Aufrichtigkeit;
    to tell sb sth \in all seriousness jdm etw in vollem Ernst sagen;
    to pay \in dollars mit [o in] Dollar zahlen;
    to write \in short simple sentences in kurzen einfachen Sätzen schreiben;
    to swear \in an oath einen Eid schwören;
    she told me \in a promise that she would wait for me sie hat mir versprochen, auf mich zu warten;
    to say sth \in a nutshell etw in aller Kürze sagen;
    \in conclusion schließlich, zum Schluss;
    he always talks \in a whisper er spricht immer sehr leise;
    to speak to sb \in a normal tone of voice sich akk mit jdm normal unterhalten;
    to listen to music \in stereo Musik stereo hören;
    Mozart's Piano Concerto \in E flat Mozarts Klavierkonzert in E-Moll;
    \in fact tatsächlich, in Wirklichkeit;
    \in the form of sth in Form von dat;
    \in the form of a request in Form einer Anfrage
    10) ( during) am +dat, in +dat;
    \in the morning/ evening am Morgen/Abend;
    did you hear the thunder \in the night? hast du heute Nacht den Donner gehört?;
    \in the autumn/ spring im Herbst/Frühling;
    we're going to Italy \in April wir fahren im April nach Italien;
    \in the late 60s in den späten Sechzigern;
    they met \in 1885 sie trafen sich 1885;
    she hasn't heard from him \in six months sie hat seit sechs Monaten nichts mehr von ihm gehört;
    I haven't done that \in a long time ich habe das lange Zeit nicht mehr gemacht;
    to be with the Lord \in eternity bei Gott im Himmel sein;
    \in the aftermath of the earthquake in der Zeit nach dem Erdbeben
    11) ( at later time) in +dat;
    dinner will be ready \in ten minutes das Essen ist in zehn Minuten fertig;
    \in the end am Ende, schließlich
    12) ( no later than) in +dat;
    \in two weeks;
    we need that contract signed \in two days der Vertrag muss in zwei Tagen unterzeichnet sein;
    they completed the journey \in record time sie haben die Reise in einer Rekordzeit beendet
    13) ( at distance of) nach +dat;
    the house should be coming up \in about one mile das Haus müsste nach einer Meile auftauchen
    14) (expressing state, condition) in +dat;
    \in anger im Zorn;
    \in horror voller Entsetzen;
    to live \in luxury im Luxus leben;
    \in the secret im Geheimen, heimlich;
    \in private vertraulich;
    she was \in stress at the moment sie war gerade im Stress;
    he left \in a hurry sie ging in aller Eile davon;
    to be \in doubt zweifeln;
    to get \in trouble Schwierigkeiten bekommen;
    he cried out \in pain er schrie vor Schmerzen;
    she was \in a good mood that day ihre Stimmung an diesem Tag war gut;
    he always drinks \in excess er trinkt immer zu viel;
    to be \in no doubt nicht an etw dat zweifeln;
    to fall \in love [with sb] sich akk [in jdn] verlieben;
    to come \in question in Frage gestellt werden;
    \in a state of sth in einem Zustand von etw dat;
    \in a state of panic in Panik;
    everything is \in a state of chaos alles ist in einem chaotischen Zustand;
    \in his excitement in seiner Begeisterung
    \in exchange als Ersatz, dafür;
    \in response to als Antwort auf +akk;
    \in reply [or answer] to als Reaktion [o Antwort] auf +akk;
    \in refusing to work abroad, she missed a good job weil sie sich weigerte, im Ausland zu arbeiten, entging ihr ein guter Job;
    \in doing so dabei, damit;
    \in that... ( form) insofern als;
    I was fortunate \in that I had friends ich hatte Glück, weil ich Freunde hatte
    16) ( arranged as) in +dat;
    then we sat down \in a circle wir setzten uns in einem Kreis hin;
    get together \in groups of four! bildet Vierergruppen!;
    sometimes customers buy books \in twos manchmal kaufen Kunden Bücher doppelt;
    slice the potatoes \in two beforehand! schneiden Sie die Kartoffel vorher einmal durch!;
    to die \in their thousands zu Tausenden sterben;
    he ripped up the note \in pieces er zerriss den Notizzettel in kleine Fetzen;
    \in total insgesamt
    17) ( comparing amounts) pro +dat;
    six pence \in the pound sechs Pennys pro Pfund;
    one \in ten people jeder zehnte;
    she has a one \in three chance ihre Chancen stehen eins zu drei;
    there's nothing [or not much] [or very little] \in it da ist kein großer Unterschied
    he is deaf \in his left ear er hört auf dem linken Ohr nichts;
    to be equal \in weight gleich viel wiegen;
    he's about six foot \in height er ist ca. zwei Meter groß;
    dark \in colour dunkelfarbig;
    difference \in quality Qualitätsunterschied m;
    it's not \in his nature es liegt nicht in seiner Natur;
    \in every respect in jeder Hinsicht;
    \in sb mit jdm;
    \in Kim, he's got a very good friend as well as a lover mit Kim hat er eine sehr gute Freundin und Liebhaberin;
    it isn't \in sb to do sth jd ist nicht zu etw dat in der Lage;
    it's not \in me to lie ich kann nicht lügen;
    to not have it \in one to do sth nicht in der Lage sein, etw zu tun
    19) ( approximately) in +dat;
    to be \in one's forties in den Vierzigern sein;
    temperatures tomorrow will be \in the mid-twenties die Temperaturen bewegen sich um 25 Grad
    to assist a doctor \in an operation einem Arzt bei einer Operation assistieren;
    the whole family shared \in his success die ganze Familie nahm Anteil an seinem Erfolg;
    don't interfere \in my business unasked! mische dich nicht ungefragt in meine Angelegenheiten ein!;
    she's interested \in photography sie interessiert sich für Fotografie after n
    we have confidence \in you wir vertrauen dir;
    she had no say \in the decision sie hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Entscheidung;
    a change \in sth eine Änderung in etw dat;
    she underwent a change \in style sie hat ihren Stil geändert
    \in sth anstatt etw +dat;
    he came to the party \in his friend's place er kam anstatt seinem Freund auf die Party;
    \in God's/ heaven's name um Gottes/Himmels willen;
    \in lieu of sth anstelle von, anstatt
    PHRASES:
    to put one's foot \in one's mouth [or it] ins Fettnäpfchen treten;
    to follow \in sb's footsteps in jds Fußstapfen treten;
    \in hell ( fam) überhaupt;
    \in line übereinstimmend;
    they tried to keep their children \in line sie versuchten, die Kinder bei der Stange zu halten;
    to put sb \in their place jdn in seine Schranken weisen;
    to leave sth \in one's wake etw zur Folge haben;
    \in stereo gleichzeitig;
    \in all insgesamt;
    there were 10 of us \in all wir waren zu zehnt;
    all \in all alles in allem;
    all \in all it's been a good year insgesamt gesehen war es ein gutes Jahr adv
    1) ( into sth and hither) herein;
    come \in! herein!;
    the sea was freezing, but \in she went das Meer war eiskalt, doch sie kannte nichts und ging hinein
    2) ( there) da;
    ( at home) zu Hause;
    is David \in? ist David da?;
    to have a quiet evening \in einen ruhigen Abend zu Hause verbringen
    to be due \in fällig sein;
    the train is due \in any moment now der Zug müsste jetzt jeden Moment [an]kommen;
    ( towards land) landeinwärts;
    the tide comes \in very quickly here die Flut kommt hier sehr rasch herein;
    we stood on the harbour for a while watching the ship come \in wir standen eine Zeitlang am Hafen und beobachteten das einlaufende Schiff
    4) ( inside) nach innen;
    could you bring the clothes \in? könntest du die Wäsche 'reinholen?;
    I didn't hear you come \in ich habe dich nicht [ins Haus] kommen hören;
    the farmer brought the harvest \in der Bauer brachte die Ernte ein;
    the roof of their house caved \in das Dach ihres Hauses fiel in sich zusammen
    5) ( submitted)
    to get [or hand] sth \in etw abgeben [o einreichen];
    when does your essay have to be \in? wann musst du deinen Essay abgeben?
    the ball was definitely \in! der Ball war keineswegs im Aus!;
    to be \in player am Ball sein
    7) ( take part)
    to go \in for sth an etw dat teilnehmen;
    I never went \in for collecting stamps mit Briefmarken sammeln habe ich mich nie abgegeben
    PHRASES:
    day \in, day out tagein, tagaus;
    \in between dazwischen;
    to be \in for sth sich akk auf etw akk gefasst machen müssen;
    to be \in for it sich akk auf etw akk gefasst machen können;
    to be \in on sth über etw akk Bescheid wissen;
    to be \in with sb mit jdm zusammen sein;
    to get \in with sb sich akk bei jdm lieb Kind machen ( fam)
    to let sb \in on sth jdm etw verraten adj
    1) ( leading in) einwärts;
    the door \in opens inwards die Tür hinein geht nach innen auf;
    \in basket Behälter m für eingehende Postsendungen
    2) ( in fashion) in;
    to be \in in [o ( fam) hipp] sein;
    to be the \in place to dance/ dine als Tanzlokal/Restaurant in sein ( fam)
    he's \in with the boss at the moment zurzeit ist er beim Chef gut angeschrieben;
    she just says those things to get \in with the teacher die sagt so was doch bloß, um sich beim Lehrer lieb Kind zu machen
    4) pred ( in season) reif;
    pumpkins are \in! Kürbisse jetzt frisch! n
    ( connection) Kontakt[e] m[pl];
    he wants to get involved with that group but doesn't have an \in er würde gern mit dieser Gruppe in Kontakt kommen, aber bis jetzt fehlt ihm die Eintrittskarte
    PHRASES:
    the \ins and outs of sth jedes kleine Detail einer S. gen;
    to understand the \ins and outs of sth etw hundertprozentig verstehen

    English-German students dictionary > in

  • 62 this

    [ðɪs, ðəs] adj
    attr, inv
    1) ( close in space) diese(r, s);
    let's go to \this cafe here on the right lass uns doch in das Café hier rechts gehen;
    can you sign \this form [here] for me? kannst du dieses Formular für mich unterschreiben?;
    \this here sb/ sth (fam: drawing attention to) diese(r, s);
    I've slept in \this here bed for forty years ich schlafe seit vierzig Jahren in diesem Bett;
    the cat has always liked \this old chair of mine/ my mother's die Katze mochte immer meinen alten Stuhl/den alten Stuhl meiner Mutter
    2) ( close in future) diese(r, s);
    I'm busy all \this week ich habe die ganze Woche keine Zeit;
    I'll do it \this Monday/ week/ month/ year ich erledige es diesen Montag/diese Woche/diesen Monat/dieses Jahr;
    \this morning/ evening heute Morgen/Abend;
    how are you \this morning? wie geht es dir heute?;
    I haven't made my bed \this last week ich habe die ganze letzte Woche mein Bett nicht gemacht;
    \this minute sofort;
    stop fighting \this minute hört sofort auf zu raufen
    3) ( referring to specific) diese(r, s);
    she was not long for \this world ihre Tage waren gezählt;
    don't listen to \this guy hör nicht auf diesen Typen;
    by \this time dann;
    I'd been waiting for over an hour and by \this time, I was very cold and wet ich hatte über eine Stunde gewartet und war dann total unterkühlt und durchnässt
    4) (fam: a) diese(r, s);
    \this friend of hers dieser Freund von ihr ( fam)
    \this lady came up to me and asked me where I got my tie da kam so eine Frau auf mich zu und fragte mich nach meiner Krawatte;
    we met \this girl in the hotel wir trafen dieses Mädchen im Hotel;
    I've got \this problem and I need help ich habe da so ein Problem und brauche Hilfe
    PHRASES:
    watch \this space ( Brit) man darf gespannt sein pron
    1) ( the thing here) das;
    \this is my purse not yours das ist meine Geldbörse, nicht Ihre;
    \this is the one I wanted das hier ist das, was ich wollte;
    is \this your bag? ist das deine Tasche?
    2) ( the person here) das;
    \this is my husband, Stefan das ist mein Ehemann Stefan;
    \this is the captain speaking hier spricht der Kapitän
    3) ( this matter here) das;
    what's \this? was soll das?;
    what's all \this about? was soll das [Ganze] hier?;
    \this is what I was talking about davon spreche ich ja;
    my parents are always telling me to do \this, do that - I can't stand it anymore meine Eltern sagen mir immer, ich soll dies oder jenes tun - ich halte das nicht mehr aus
    how can you laugh at a time like \this? wie kannst du in einem solchen Moment lachen?;
    \this is Monday, not Tuesday heute ist Montag, nicht Dienstag;
    \this has been a very pleasant evening das war ein sehr angenehmer Abend;
    from that day to \this seit damals;
    before \this früher;
    I thought you'd have finished before \this ich dachte, du würdest schneller fertig
    5) ( with an action) das;
    every time I do \this, it hurts - what do you think is wrong? jedes Mal, wenn ich das mache, tut es weh - was, denken Sie, fehlt mir?;
    like \this so;
    if you do it like \this, it'll work better wenn du das so machst, funktioniert es besser
    6) ( the following) das;
    \this is my address... meine Adresse lautet...;
    listen to \this... how does it sound? hör dir das an... wie klingt das?
    PHRASES:
    \this and that [or \this, that and the other] ( fam) dies und das;
    they stayed up chatting about \this and that sie blieben auf und plauderten über dies und das adv
    inv so;
    “it was only about \this high off the ground,” squealed Paul excitedly „es war nur so hoch über dem Boden“, rief Paul aufgeregt;
    will \this much be enough for you? ist das genug für dich?;
    he's not used to \this much attention er ist so viel Aufmerksamkeit nicht gewöhnt;
    \this far and no further (a. fig) bis hierher und nicht weiter

    English-German students dictionary > this

  • 63 come out

    фраз. гл.
    1) приезжать (в отдалённые места, в другую страну)

    I met them when they came out to Singapore at Christmas last year. — Я встретил их в прошлом году, на Рождество, когда они приехали в Сингапур.

    2) выезжать, бывать на людях
    3) выезжать в свет; бывать при дворе

    Is Mrs Brown's daughter coming out this year? — Что слышно на счёт дочери миссис Браун: будет ли она выезжать в этом году?

    4) выходить, возвращаться ( из больницы); освобождаться ( из тюрьмы)

    He was sentenced to 25 years in prison. He'll be an old man when he comes out. — Его приговорили к 25-ти годам лишения свободы. Он будет стариком, когда выйдет из тюрьмы.

    5) брит. забастовать

    The Post Office workers have come out in support of their pay claim. — Почтовые работники объявили забастовку, требуя повышения заработной платы.

    Syn:
    6) выпадать (о волосах, зубах)

    My tooth has just come out. — У меня только что выпал зуб.

    7) = come off 3)
    8) распускаться (о листьях, цветах)

    The flowers are coming out in everyone's gardens. — В каждом саду распускаются цветы.

    Syn:
    10) обнаруживаться, проявляться (об информации, фактах); становиться известным

    The secret came out. — Секрет раскрылся.

    When the last test results came out, she was quite disappointed. — Она была совершенно разочарована, когда появились результаты последнего теста.

    11) выходить, получаться (об изображении, записи)

    Mary always comes out well in her pictures. — Мэри всегда хорошо получается на фотографиях.

    12) складываться, получаться ( о сумме)

    When doing the calculation by hand, the sum came out as a different figure. — При вычислении без помощи технических средств получился другой результат.

    I opened my mouth, but no words came out. — Я открыл рот, но слова не шли.

    The last words came out in a whisper. — Последние слова были произнесены шёпотом.

    14) справиться с (какой-л. задачей); проявить себя

    She came out well in the last game. — Она добилась хорошего результата в последнем гейме.

    Our company came out well from the recent survey. — Наша компания получила хорошую оценку в недавнем обзоре.

    15) выступать, делать заявление

    to come out for / in support of / in favour of smb. / smth. — выступать, делать заявление в поддержку кого-л. / чего-л.

    to come out against smb. / smth. — выступать против кого-л. / чего-л.

    He came out against the government. — Он выступил с критикой в адрес правительства.

    16) разг. открыто заявить ( о своём гомосексуализме); признаться ( в чём-либо предосудительном)
    Syn:
    17) ( come out in) покрываться (сыпью, прыщами)

    Jane came out in spots this morning. — Утром у Джейн выскочили прыщики.

    18) ( come out with) разг. выпалить, сказануть, произнести что-л. неожиданное или неуместное

    You never know what he'll come out with next. — Никогда не знаешь, что он ляпнет в следующую минуту.

    19) ( come out with) выступить с (чем-л.)

    The government is to come out with concrete proposals. — Правительство должно выступить с конкретными предложениями.

    ••

    to come out on the right side — разг. не остаться внакладе

    to come out on the wrong side — разг. понести убытки

    to come out on top — разг. оказаться на высоте

    to come out with one's life — остаться в живых, уцелеть

    Англо-русский современный словарь > come out

  • 64 vision

    ['vɪʒ(ə)n]
    сущ.

    acute vision; keen vision — острое зрение

    impaired vision — слабое зрение, ослабленное зрение

    to lose one's vision — терять зрение, слепнуть

    Syn:
    2) проницательность, предвидение; дальновидность

    She had the vision to make wise investments several years ago. — Она очень проницательно с выгодой вложила деньги несколько лет тому назад.

    Syn:
    3) вид, зрелище

    I had only a momentary vision of the sea. — Я только на мгновение увидел море.

    Syn:
    4) видение, мечта; образ, представление
    Syn:

    Our visions met. — Наши взгляды встретились.

    Англо-русский современный словарь > vision

  • 65 Cross, Charles Frederick

    [br]
    b. 11 December 1855 Brentwood, Middlesex, England
    d. 15 April 1935 Hove, England
    [br]
    English chemist who contributed to the development of viscose rayon from cellulose.
    [br]
    Cross was educated at the universities of London, Zurich and Manchester. It was at Owens College, Manchester, that Cross first met E.J. Bevan and where these two first worked together on the nature of cellulose. After gaining some industrial experience, Cross joined Bevan to set up a partnership in London as analytical and consulting chemists, specializing in the chemistry and technology of cellulose and lignin. They were at the Jodrell laboratory, Kew Gardens, for a time and then set up their own laboratory at Station Avenue, Kew Gardens. In 1888, the first edition of their joint publication A Textbook of Paper-making, appeared. It went into several editions and became the standard reference and textbook on the subject. The long introductory chapter is a discourse on cellulose.
    In 1892, Cross, Bevan and Clayton Beadle took out their historic patent on the solution and regeneration of cellulose. The modern artificial-fibre industry stems from this patent. They made their discovery at New Court, Carey Street, London: wood-pulp (or another cheap form of cellulose) was dissolved in a mixture of carbon disulphide and aqueous alkali to produce sodium xanthate. After maturing, it was squirted through fine holes into dilute acid, which set the liquid to give spinnable fibres of "viscose". However, it was many years before the process became a commercial operation, partly because the use of a natural raw material such as wood involved variations in chemical content and each batch might react differently. At first it was thought that viscose might be suitable for incandescent lamp filaments, and C.H.Stearn, a collaborator with Cross, continued to investigate this possibility, but the sheen on the fibres suggested that viscose might be made into artificial silk. The original Viscose Spinning Syndicate was formed in 1894 and a place was rented at Erith in Kent. However, it was not until some skeins of artificial silk (a term to which Cross himself objected) were displayed in Paris that textile manufacturers began to take an interest in it. It was then that Courtaulds decided to investigate this new fibre, although it was not until 1904 that they bought the English patents and developed the first artificial silk that was later called "rayon". Cross was also concerned with the development of viscose films and of cellulose acetate, which became a rival to rayon in the form of "Celanese". He retained his interest in the paper industry and in publishing, in 1895 again collaborating with Bevan and publishing a book on Cellulose and other technical articles. He was a cultured man and a good musician. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1917.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1917.
    Bibliography
    1888, with E.J.Bevan, A Text-book of Papermaking. 1892, British patent no. 8,700 (cellulose).
    Further Reading
    Obituary Notices of the Royal Society, 1935, London. Obituary, 1935, Journal of the Chemical Society 1,337. Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989, Cambridge.
    Edwin J.Beer, 1962–3, "The birth of viscose rayon", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 35 (an account of the problems of developing viscose rayon; Beer worked under Cross in the Kew laboratories).
    C.Singer (ed.), 1978, A History of Technology, Vol. VI, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Cross, Charles Frederick

  • 66 Halske, Johann Georg

    [br]
    b. 30 July 1814 Hamburg, Germany
    d. 18 March 1890 Berlin, Germany
    [br]
    German engineer who introduced precision methods into the manufacture of electrical equipment; co-founder of Siemens \& Halske.
    [br]
    Halske moved to Berlin when he was a young man, and in 1844 was working for the university, at first independently and then jointly with F. Bötticher, developing and building electric medical appliances. In 1845 he met Werner von Siemens and together they became founder members of the Berlin Physics Society. It was in Halske's workshop that Siemens, assisted by the skill of the former, was able to work out his inventions in telegraphy. In 1847 the two men entered into partnership to manufacture telegraph equipment, laying the foundations of the successful firm of Siemens \& Halske. At the outset, before Werner von Siemens gave up his army career, Halske acted as the sole manager of the firm and was also involved in testing the products. Inventions they developed included electric measuring instruments and railway signalling equipment, and they installed many telegraph lines, notably those for the Russian Government. When gutta-percha became available on the market, the two men soon developed an extrusion process for applying this new material to copper conductors. To the disappointment of Halske, who was opposed to mass production, the firm introduced series production and piece wages in 1857. The expansion of the business, particularly into submarine cable laying, caused some anxiety to Halske, who left the firm on amicable terms in 1867. He then worked for a few years developing the Arts and Crafts Museum in Berlin and became a town councillor.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    S. von Weihr and H.Götzeler, 1983, The Siemens Company. Its Historical Role in the Progress of Electrical Engineering 1847–1983, Berlin (provides a full account).
    Neue Deutsche Biographie, 1966, Vol. 7, Berlin, pp. 572–3.
    S.von Weiher, 1972–3, "The Siemens brothers, pioneers of the electrical age in Europe", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 45:1–11.
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Halske, Johann Georg

  • 67 Kompfner, Rudolph

    [br]
    b. 16 May 1909 Vienna, Austria
    d. 3 December 1977 Stanford, California, USA
    [br]
    Austrian (naturalized English in 1949, American in 1957) electrical engineer primarily known for his invention of the travelling-wave tube.
    [br]
    Kompfner obtained a degree in engineering from the Vienna Technische Hochschule in 1931 and qualified as a Diplom-Ingenieur in Architecture two years later. The following year, with a worsening political situation in Austria, he moved to England and became an architectural apprentice. In 1936 he became Managing Director of a building firm owned by a relative, but at the same time he was avidly studying physics and electronics. His first patent, for a television pick-up device, was filed in 1935 and granted in 1937, but was not in fact taken up. In June 1940 he was interned on the Isle of Man, but as a result of a paper previously sent by him to the Editor of Wireless Engineer he was released the following December and sent to join the group at Birmingham University working on centimetric radar. There he worked on klystrons, with little success, but as a result of the experience gained he eventually invented the travelling-wave tube (TWT), which was based on a helical transmission line. After disbandment of the Birmingham team, in 1946 Kompfner moved to the Clarendon Laboratory at Oxford and in 1947 he became a British subject. At the Clarendon Laboratory he met J.R. Pierce of Bell Laboratories, who worked out the theory of operation of the TWT. After gaining his DPhil at Oxford in 1951, Kompfner accepted a post as Principal Scientific Officer at Signals Electronic Research Laboratories, Baldock, but very soon after that he was invited by Pierce to work at Bell on microwave tubes. There, in 1952, he invented the backward-wave oscillator (BWO). He was appointed Director of Electronics Research in 1955 and Director of Communications Research in 1962, having become a US citizen in 1957. In 1958, with Pierce, he designed Echo 1, the first (passive) satellite, which was launched in August 1960. He was also involved with the development of Telstar, the first active communications satellite, which was launched in 1962. Following his retirement from Bell in 1973, he continued to pursue research, alternately at Stanford, California, and Oxford, England.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Physical Society Duddell Medal 1955. Franklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1960. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers David Sarnoff Award 1960. Member of the National Academy of Engineering 1966. Member of the National Academy of Science 1968. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1973. City of Philadelphia John Scott Award 1974. Roentgen Society Silvanus Thompson Medal 1974. President's National medal of Science 1974. Honorary doctorates Vienna 1965, Oxford 1969.
    Bibliography
    1944, "Velocity modulated beams", Wireless Engineer 17:262.
    1942, "Transit time phenomena in electronic tubes", Wireless Engineer 19:3. 1942, "Velocity modulating grids", Wireless Engineer 19:158.
    1946, "The travelling-wave tube", Wireless Engineer 42:369.
    1964, The Invention of the TWT, San Francisco: San Francisco Press.
    Further Reading
    J.R.Pierce, 1992, "History of the microwave tube art", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers: 980.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Kompfner, Rudolph

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