hudson+river

1 Hudson, Henry Hudson.

2 Hudson, Hudson river.

3 Hudson, William Henry Hudson.

[ytsɔn] nom propre masculin

l'Hudson the Hudson River

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[ytsɔn] nom propre

→ link=baie baie

Hudson river, Hudson.

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Ports and shipping, Railways and locomotives

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Stevens, a wealthy landowner with an estate at Hoboken on the Hudson River, had his attention drawn to the steamboat of John Fitch in 1786, and thenceforth devoted much of his time and fortune to developing steamboats and mechanical transport. He also had political influence and it was at his instance that Congress in 1790 passed an Act establishing the first patent laws in the USA. The following year Stevens was one of the first recipients of a US patent. This referred to multi-tubular boilers, of both watertube and firetube types, and antedated by many years the work of both Henry Booth and Marc Seguin on the latter.

A steamboat built in 1798 by John Stevens, Nicholas J.Roosevelt and Stevens's brother-in-law, Robert R.Livingston, in association was unsuccessful, nor was Stevens satisfied with a boat built in 1802 in which a simple rotary steam-en-gine was mounted on the same shaft as a screw propeller. However, although others had experimented earlier with screw propellers, when John Stevens had the Little Juliana built in 1804 he produced the first practical screw steamboat. Steam at 50 psi (3.5 kg/cm²) pressure was supplied by a watertube boiler to a single-cylinder engine which drove two contra-rotating shafts, upon each of which was mounted a screw propeller. This little boat, less than 25 ft (7.6 m) long, was taken backwards and forwards across the Hudson River by two of Stevens's sons, one of whom, R.L. Stevens, was to help his father with many subsequent experiments. The boat, however, was ahead of its time, and steamships were to be driven by paddle wheels until the late 1830s.

In 1807 John Stevens declined an invitation to join with Robert Fulton and Robert R.Living-ston in their development work, which culminated in successful operation of the PS Clermont that summer; in 1808, however, he launched his own paddle steamer, the Phoenix. But Fulton and Livingston had obtained an effective monopoly of steamer operation on the Hudson and, unable to reach agreement with them, Stevens sent Phoenix to Philadelphia to operate on the Delaware River. The intervening voyage over 150 miles (240 km) of open sea made Phoenix the first ocean-going steamer.

From about 1810 John Stevens turned his attention to the possibilities of railways. He was at first considered a visionary, but in 1815, at his instance, the New Jersey Assembly created a company to build a railway between the Delaware and Raritan Rivers. It was the first railway charter granted in the USA, although the line it authorized remained unbuilt. To demonstrate the feasibility of the steam locomotive, Stevens built an experimental locomotive in 1825, at the age of 76. With flangeless wheels, guide rollers and rack-and-pinion drive, it ran on a circular track at his Hoboken home; it was the first steam locomotive to be built in America.

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See also: Allen, Horatio; Cooper, Peter

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[flʊs, pl ˈflʏsə]

1. (Wasserlauf) river

den \Fluß aufwärts-/abwärtsfahren to travel upriver/downriver [or upstream/downstream]

jdn/etw über den \Fluß setzen to ferry sb/sth across the river

am \Fluß next to the river

2. (kontinuierlicher Verlauf) flow

Verkehrs\Fluß flow of traffic

sich akk im \Fluß befinden to be in a state of flux

etw [wieder] in \Fluß bringen to get sth going [again]

[wieder] in \Fluß kommen, geraten to get going [again]

[noch] im \Fluß sein (sich verändern) to be [still] in a state of flux; (im Gange sein) to be in progress

1 a story-teller, gossip; schemer.

2 conspirator, colluder, conniver.

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► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 conspirator, plotter

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= scheming, schemer, plotter, conniving.

Ex. Scarlett O'Hara, the main character, is portrayed as both a scheming bitch and hard-nosed survivor.

Ex. In the world there are dreamers and schemers, which one are you?.

Ex. The FBI said the plotters planned to bomb and flood Hudson River train tunnels that carry tens of thousands of commuters.

Ex. Prince Hal has proved his courage, but the conniving Falstaff and his companions lurk in the wings, waiting for Hal to ascend the throne.

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conspiratorial.

conspirator, plotter.

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► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 conspirator, plotter

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- dora masculino, femenino conspirator

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= conspirator, designing, schemer, plotter.

Ex. She recommenced speaking low like a conspirator: 'Jeanne, I must prepare you for your interview with him'.

Ex. A number of Antiquaries feared that it was all a plot hatched by 'a few designing members' to line their own pockets.

Ex. In the world there are dreamers and schemers, which one are you?.

Ex. The FBI said the plotters planned to bomb and flood Hudson River train tunnels that carry tens of thousands of commuters.

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- dora masculino, femenino conspirator

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conspirator

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◊ - dora sustantivo masculino, femenino

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conspirador, -ora nm,f

conspirator, plotter

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m, conspiradora f conspirator

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conspirador, - dora n

: conspirator

machinating, calculating, scheming.

contriver, schemer, machinator; plotter.

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► adjetivo

1 scheming, machinating

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 plotter, schemer, machinator

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- dora adjetivo scheming

- dora masculino, femenino schemer, plotter

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= designing, scheming, schemer, plotter, conniving.

Ex. A number of Antiquaries feared that it was all a plot hatched by 'a few designing members' to line their own pockets.

Ex. Scarlett O'Hara, the main character, is portrayed as both a scheming bitch and hard-nosed survivor.

Ex. In the world there are dreamers and schemers, which one are you?.

Ex. The FBI said the plotters planned to bomb and flood Hudson River train tunnels that carry tens of thousands of commuters.

Ex. Prince Hal has proved his courage, but the conniving Falstaff and his companions lurk in the wings, waiting for Hal to ascend the throne.

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- dora adjetivo scheming

- dora masculino, femenino schemer, plotter

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scheming

schemer, plotter

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♦ adj

plotting, scheming

♦ nm,f

plotter, schemer

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I adj scheming

II m, maquinadora f schemer

SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering

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The son of Polycarp Roebling, a tobacconist, he studied mathematics at Dr Unger's Pedagogium in Erfurt and went on to the Royal Polytechnic Institute in Berlin, from which he graduated in 1826 with honours in civil engineering. He spent the next three years working for the Prussian government on the construction of roads and bridges. With his brother and a group of friends, he emigrated to the United States, sailing from Bremen on 23 May 1831 and docking in Philadelphia eleven weeks later. They bought 7,000 acres (2,800 hectares) in Butler County, western Pennsylvania, and established a village, at first called Germania but later known as Saxonburg. Roebling gave up trying to establish himself as a farmer and found work for the state of Pennsylvania as Assistant Engineer on the Beaver River canal and others, then surveying a railroad route across the Allegheny Mountains. During his canal work, he noted the failings of the hemp ropes that were in use at that time, and recalled having read of wire ropes in a German journal; he built a rope-walk at his Saxonburg farm, bought a supply of iron wire and trained local labour in the method of wire twisting.

At this time, many canals crossed rivers by means of aqueducts. In 1844, the Pennsylvania Canal aqueduct across the Allegheny River was due to be renewed, having become unsafe. Roebling made proposals which were accepted by the canal company: seven wooden spans of 162 ft (49 m) each were supported on either side by a 7 in. (18 cm) diameter cable, Roebling himself having to devise all the machinery required for the erection. He subsequently built four more suspension aqueducts, one of which was converted to a toll bridge and was still in use a century later.

In 1849 he moved to Trenton, New Jersey, where he set up a new wire rope plant. In 1851 he started the construction (completed in 1855) of an 821 ft (250 m) long suspension railroad bridge across the Niagara River, 245 ft (75 m) above the rapids; each cable consisted of 3,640 wrought iron wires. A lower deck carried road traffic. He also constructed a bridge across the Ohio River between Cincinnati and Covington, a task which was much protracted due to the Civil War; this bridge was finally completed in 1866.

Roebling's crowning achievement was to have been the design and construction of the bridge over the Hudson River between Brooklyn and Staten Island, New York, but he did not live to see its completion. It had a span of 1,595 ft (486 m), designed to bear a load of 18,700 tons (19,000 tonnes) with a headroom of 135 ft (41 m). The work of building had barely started when, at the Brooklyn wharf, a boat crushed Roebling's foot against the timbering and he died of tetanus three weeks later. His son, Washington Augustus Roebling, then took charge of this great work.

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SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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The early life of Fulton is documented sparsely; however, it is clear that he was brought up in poor circumstances along with three sisters and one brother by a widowed mother. The War of Independence was raging around them for some years, but despite this it is believed that he spent some time learning the jeweller's trade in Philadelphia and had by then made a name for himself as a miniaturist. Throughout his life he remained skilled with his hands and well able to record technical detail on paper. He witnessed many of the early trials of American steamboats and saw the work of William Henry and John Fitch, and in 1787 he set off for the first time to Europe. For some years he examined steamships in Paris and without doubt saw the Charlotte Dundas on the Forth and Clyde Canal near Glasgow. In 1803 he built a steamship that ran on the Seine at 4 1/2 mph (7.25 km/h), and when it was lost, another to replace it. All his designs were based on principles that had been tried and proved elsewhere, and in this respect he was more of a developer than an inventor. After some time experimenting with submersibles and torpedoes for the British and French governments, in 1806 he returned to the United States. In 1807 he took delivery of the 100 ton displacement paddle steamer Clermont from the yard of Charles Browne of East River, New York. In August of that year it started the passenger services on the Hudson River and this can be claimed as the commencement of world passenger steam navigation. Again the ship was traditional in shape and the machinery was supplied by Messrs Boulton and Watt. This was followed by other ships, including Car of Neptune, Paragon and the world's first steam warship, Demolgos, launched in New York in October 1814 and designed by Fulton for coastal defence and the breaking of the British blockade. His last and finest boat was named Chancellor Livingston after his friend and patron Robert Livingston (1746–1813); the timber hull was launched in 1816, some months after Fulton's death.

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1) General subject: condom, contraceptive, scumbag, sheath

2) Medicine: contraception sheath

3) Construction: preservative

4) British English: johnny

5) Euphemism: something for the weekend

6) Jargon: French letter, cockpod, prophilactic, rubber, safety

7) New Zealand: frenchie (то же, что и French letter; condom)

8) Invective: bag, skin

9) Makarov: contraceptive sheath

10) Taboo: American letter (см. French letter), Casanova's rubber sock, Coney Island whitefish, English overcoat, French safe, Frenchy, Freudian slip, Hudson River whitefish, Italian letter (см. French letter), Jimmy hat, John, Johnny bag, Manhattan eel, Mr Happy's business suit, Spanish letter (см. French letter), Trojan (см. Durex; от марки продукта), anti, benjamin, blob, body bag, bubble gum, cape, cheater, cheesepipe clingfilm, collapsible container, connie, diving suit, dunky, durex (торговая марка), envelope, fifty p lifesaver (от стоимости), fish skin, flunky, franger, free issue, frog (см. Frenchy; от распространённого прозвища французов "лягушатник"), froth bugle, glove, gumboot, horse (от названия марки Trojan - троянский конь), jimmy, jo-bag, jolly bag, joy-bag, latex (от материала, из которого производятся презервативы), mac in the bath, machine, nightcap, nodder, noddy, one-eyed Willie's eye patch, one-piece overcoat, overcoat, party hat, phallic thimble, plunker, prophylactic, protection, raincoat, rascal wrapper, remould, rubbers, safe, schlong shed, separate-us apparatus, shower cap, (sing) skins, spitfire, spooge scrooge, stiffy stocking, tadpole net, tickler, trogan (искаж. trojan q.v.), washer, welly (от Wellington boot резиновый сапог), willie wellie