honorably

hŏnōro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. ( depon.:

Dionysius Platonem in litore occurrens honoratus est,

Sol. 1, § 123; 2, § 26; Ampel. 2, 5) [honor], to clothe or adorn with honor; to honor, respect; to adorn, ornament, embellish, decorate (class.; cf.

honeste): mortem ejus (Ser. Sulpicii) non monumento sed luctu publico esse honorandam putarem,

Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 5:

ornandi honorandique potestas,

id. ib. 5, 17, 45 Orell. N. cr.:

honorandus sum, quia tyrannum occidi (opp. puniendus),

Quint. 3, 6, 74; cf. id. 7, 4, 41:

Amphiaraüm sic honoravit fama Graeciae,

Cic. Div. 1, 40, 88:

virtutem,

id. Phil. 9, 2, 4:

aliquos sellis curulibus, toga praetexta, corona triumphali laureaque honorare,

Liv. 10, 7, 9: populum congiariis, to honor, i. e. present, Vell. 2, 129, 3;

cf: nisi in arena passi sunt se honorari,

Dig. 3, 1, 1; 48, 10, 15:

honoratus equestri statua,

Vell. 2, 61, 3:

Apollo lyram modo nato flore honorabat,

adorned, Petr. 83:

lato clavo vel equo publico similive honore honorari,

Ulp. Fragm. 7, 1.—Hence, hŏnō-rātus, a, um, P. a., honored, respected; honorable, respectable, distinguished.

In gen. [class.):

qui honorem sententiis, qui suffragiis adeptus est, is mihi et honestus et honoratus videtur, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 81, 281:

satis honestam honoratamque imaginem fore,

Liv. 36, 40, 9: beati, qui honorati sunt, videntur;

miseri autem, qui sunt inglorii,

Cic. Leg. 1, 11, 32:

clari et honorati viri,

id. de Sen. 7, 22:

homo et princeps,

id. Off. 1, 39, 138:

honoratus et nobilis Thucydides,

id. Or. 9, 32:

Achilles,

Hor. A. P. 120:

cani,

Ov. M. 8, 9:

praefectura,

Cic. Planc. 8, 19:

amici,

i. e. courtiers, Liv. 40, 54, 6:

rus,

granted as a mark of honor, Ov. M. 15, 617; cf.

sedes,

Tac. A. 2, 63.— Comp.:

Dionysius apud me honoratior fuit, quam apud Scipionem Panaetius,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 2:

spes honoratioris militiae,

Liv. 32, 23, 9.— Sup.:

genus pollens atque honoratissimum,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 28:

honoratissimo loco lectus,

Vell. 2, 76, 1:

honoratissimae imaginis vir,

Liv. 3, 58, 2:

genus assensus,

Tac. G. 11.—

In partic., honored by a public office, filling a post of honor, honorable, respectable (perh. not anteAug.):

praetor,

Ov. F. 1, 52:

consul honoratus vir,

id. P. 4, 5, 1:

honoratior,

Vell. 2, 54 fin.:

familia honorata magis quam nobilis,

Eutr. 7, 18: si quis forte honoratorum, decurionum, possessorum, etc., Cod. Th. 9, 27, 6; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 40; Inscr. Orell. 3540; 3971 al.; cf.:

HONORATVS AD CVRAM KALENDARII,

Inscr. Grut. 444, 5:

honoratae comae,

i. e. of a high magistrate, Ov. P. 2, 2, 92.—

Act., conferring honor, = honorificus (very rare):

senatus quam poterat honoratissimo decreto adlocutus eos mandat consulibus,

Liv. 27, 10, 6.—Hence, adv.: hŏnōrātē, with honor, honorably:

quam illum et honorate nec secure continet?

Vell. 2, 129, 4:

quod filium honorate custodierant,

Tac. H. 4, 63.— Comp.:

utrum contumeliosius expulerint, an revocaverint honoratius,

Just. 5, 4, 13; Val. Max. 5, 1, 11. — Sup.:

aliquem honoratissime excipere,

Val. Max. 2, 10, 2.

rŭdis, e, adj. [cf. crudus], unwrought, untilled, unformed, unused, rough, raw, wild (cf. crudus): omnis fere materia non deformata, rudis appellatur, sicut vestimentum rude, non perpolitum: sic aes infectum rudusculum, Cincius ap. Fest. p. 265 Müll. (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. signif.).

Lit.:

terra (opp. restibilis),

Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 2; so,

terra,

id. ib. 1, 27, 2:

ager,

Col. 3, 11, 1:

campus,

Verg. G. 2, 211:

humus,

Ov. M. 5, 646:

rudis atque infecta materies,

Petr. 114, 13; cf.:

rudis indigestaque moles (Chaos),

Ov. M. 1, 7:

marmor,

Quint. 2, 19, 3:

saxum,

id. 9, 4, 27; cf.:

signa (de marmore coepto),

Ov. M. 1, 406:

aes (opp. signatum),

Plin. 33, 3, 13:

hasta,

rudely finished, ill-made, Verg. A. 9, 743; cf.:

novacula (with retusa),

Petr. 94, 14:

circumjectus parietum,

Plin. 11, 51, 112, § 270:

caementum,

Tac. Or. 20 (with informes tegulae):

lana,

Ov. M. 6, 19:

textum,

rough, coarse, id. ib. 8, 640; so,

vestis,

id. F. 4, 659:

herba,

wild, Mart. 2, 90, 8: cf.

uva,

unripe, green, hard, id. 13, 68.— Neutr. plur. as subst.: detrahit doctrina aliquid, ut lima rudibus et cotes hebetibus, Quint. 2, 12, 8. —

Poet., transf., young, new (cf. integer):

illa (carina, sc. Argo) rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten,

untried, not yet sailed on, Cat. 64, 11;

hence, also, Argo,

Luc. 3, 193:

agna,

Mart. 9, 71, 6:

filia,

id. 7, 95, 8:

dextram cruore regio imbuit,

Sen. Troad. 217:

pannas,

new, Vulg. Matt. 9, 16. —

Trop., rude, unpolished, uncultivated, unskilled, awkward, clumsy, ignorant; hence (like ignarus), with gen., unacquainted with, inexperienced in, etc. (cf. imperitus).

Absol.:

consilium,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 61; cf.:

forma ingenii impolita et plane rudis,

Cic. Brut. 85, 294:

incohata ac rudia,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 5:

quae rudia atque imperfecta adhuc erant,

Quint. 3, 1, 7:

rudia et incomposita,

id. 9, 4, 17:

vox surda, rudis, immanis, dura, etc.,

id. 11, 3, 32:

modulatio,

id. 1, 10, 16; cf.:

modus (tibicinis),

Ov. A. A. 1, 111:

rude et Graecis intactum carmen,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 66:

stilus (with confusus),

Quint. 1, 1, 28; 12, 10, 3:

animi,

id. 1, 10, 9 (with agrestes);

1, 1, 36: adhuc ingenia,

id. 1, 2, 27; cf.

ingenium,

Hor. A. P. 410:

rudis fuit vita priscorum et sine litteris,

Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 284:

saeculum,

Quint. 2, 5, 23; 12, 11, 23; Tac. H. 1, 86:

anni,

i. e. young, early, Quint. 1, 1, 5; Tac. A. 13, 16 fin.; cf.:

adhuc aetas,

id. ib. 4, 8:

rudem me et integrum discipulum accipe et ea, quae requiro, doce,

Cic. N. D. 3, 3, 7; Quint. 2, 3, 3; 3, 6, 83:

Aeschylus rudis in plerisque et incompositus,

id. 10, 1, 66:

tam eram rudis? tam ignarus rerum? etc.,

Cic. Sest. 21, 47; so (with ignarus) Quint. 1, 8, 4:

rudis ac stultus,

id. 11, 3, 76:

illi rudes homines primique,

id. 8, 3, 36; 10, 2, 5:

illi rudes ac bellicosi,

id. 1, 10, 20:

nescit equo rudis Haerere ingenuus puer,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 54.—

With in and abl.:

cum superiores alii fuissent in disputationibus perpoliti, alii in disserendo rudes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

(oratorem) nullā in re tironem ac rudem esse debere,

id. de Or. 1, 50, 218; (with hebes) id. ib. 1, 58, 248:

rudis in re publicā,

id. Phil. 6, 6, 17:

in causā,

id. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

in jure civili,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 40:

in minoribus navigiis,

id. ib. 1, 38, 174:

omnino in nostris poëtis,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

sermo nullā in re,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32.—With simple abl. (very rare):

Ennius ingenio maximus, arte rudis,

Ov. Tr. 2, 424:

arte,

Stat. Th. 6, 437:

studiis,

Vell. 2, 73, 1.—

With gen.:

imperiti homines rerum omnium rudes ignarique,

Cic. Fl. 7, 16:

dicat se non imperitum foederis, non rudem exemplorum, non ignarum belli fuisse,

id. Balb. 20, 47:

provinciae rudis,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

Graecarum litterarum,

id. Off. 1, 1, 1; Nep. Pelop. 1, 1:

rei militaris,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2:

harum rerum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87:

artium,

Liv. 1, 7:

bonarum artium,

Tac. A. 1, 3:

facinorum,

id. ib. 12, 51:

agminum,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 9:

civilis belli,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 47; cf.:

bellorum (elephanti),

Flor. 4, 2, 67:

operum conjugiique,

Ov. F. 4, 336:

somni,

i. e. sleepless, id. M. 7, 213:

dicendi,

Tac. A. 1, 29.—

With ad (very rare):

rudem ad pedestria bella Numidarum gentem esse,

Liv. 24, 48, 5:

ad quae (spectacula) rudes tum Romani erant,

id. 45, 32, 10; 10, 22, 6; 21, 25, 6:

ad partus,

Ov. H. 11, 48:

ad mala,

id. P. 3, 7, 18:

rudes adhuc ad resistendum populos,

Just. 1, 1, 5:

rudis natio ad voluptates,

Curt. 6, 21, 9; 8, 8, 24.—

With dat. (very rare):

fontes rudes puellis,

i. e. strange, Mart. 6, 42, 4.—

With inf.:

nec ferre rudis medicamina,

Sil. 6, 90:

Martem rudis versare,

id. 8, 262.— Comp., sup., and adv. do not occur.

rŭdis, is, f. ( abl. sing. rudi, Capitol. Opil. Macr. 4, 5), a slender stick or rod.

To stir with in cooking; a stirring-stick, spatula:

versato crebro duabus rudibus,

Cato, R. R. 79; so,

ferreae,

Plin. 34, 18, 50, § 170; cf. rudicula.—

A staff used by soldiers and gladiators in their exercises (perh. a wooden sword), answering to a quarter-staff, a foil (freq. and class.):

(milites) rudibus inter se in modum justae pugnae concurrerunt,

Liv. 26, 51; 40, 6 and 9 Drak. N. cr. (al. sudibus); Ov. Am. 2, 9, 22; id. A. A. 3, 515:

rudibus batuere,

Suet. Calig. 32.—Hence, transf.: PRIMA or SVMMA RVDIS (also in one word, SVMMARVDIS), the first or head fencer, the fencing-master, Inscr. Orell. 2575; 2584: SECVNDA RVDIS, the second fencer, the fencing-master ' s assistant, ib. 2573 sq.—A gladiator received such a rudis when honorably discharged (whence he was called rudiarius):

tam bonus gladiator rudem tam cito accepisti?

Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 74:

acceptā rude,

Juv. 6, 113:

essedario rudem indulgere,

Suet. Claud. 21.—And hence transf. to other persons who receive an honorable discharge:

tardā vires minuente senectā, Me quoque donari jam rude tempus erat,

i. e. to dismiss, discharge, Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 24; id. Am. 2, 9, 22; cf.:

spectatum satis et donatum jam rude,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 2 (v. Orell. ad h. l.):

ergo sibi dabit ipse rudem,

Juv. 7, 171; Mart. 3, 36, 10.

splendĭdus, a, um, adj. [splendeo], bright, shining, glittering, brilliant, etc. (class.; syn.: nitidus, lucidus, coruscus).

Lit.

In gen.: o magna templa caelitum, commixta stellis splendidis, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.); so,

signa caeli,

Lucr. 4, 444:

lumina solis,

id. 2, 108:

caelum cum aequaliter totum erit splendidum,

Plin. 18, 35, 80, § 351; cf. comp.:

quanto splendidior quam cetera sidera fulget Lucifer,

Ov. M. 2, 722:

sol splendidior,

Tib. 4, 1, 123.— Sup.:

splendidissimus candor,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

color (with flam neus),

Lucr. 6, 208:

ostro crinis,

Ov. M. 8, 8: venabula. id. ib. 8, 419:

fons splendidio vitro,

Hor. C. 3, 13, 1; cf.: Galatea Splendidior vitro, Ov. M. 13, 791:

umor sudoris,

Lucr. 6, 1187: bilis, bright yellow, cholê xanthê, Hor. S. 2, 3, 141 (cf.:

vitrea bilis,

Pers. 3, 8). —

In partic., of style of living, dress, etc., brilliant, splendid, magnificent, sumptuous (syn. magnificus):

quorum in villā ac domo nihil splendidum fuit praeter ipsos,

Cic. Par. 5, 2, 38:

splendida domus gaudet regali gaza,

Cat. 64, 46; Verg. A. 1, 637:

vestis,

Petr. 12; cf.:

splendidus et virilis cultus,

Quint. 11, 3, 137:

homo (opp. luxuriosus),

Vell. 2, 105, 2:

secundas res splendidiores facit amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.—

Trop.

In gen., brilliant, illustrious, distinguished, noble (cf.:

egregius, amplus): C. Plotius, eques Romanus splendidus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 18, 58; cf.:

vir splendidissimus atque ornatissimus civitatis suae,

id. Fl. 20, 48:

homo propter virtutem splendidus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 38; Plin. Ep. 4, 4, 2:

splendidissima ingenia,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 26; 1, 18, 61:

causa splendidior,

id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; cf.:

splendida facta,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 237:

ratio dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 75, 261; so,

splendida et grandis oratio,

id. ib. 79, 273; cf.:

splendidius et magnificentius (genus dicendi),

id. ib. 55, 201; cf.: figurarum commentis splendida loca attentare, brilliant passages of a speech, Amm. 29, 2, 8:

splendidis nominibus illuminatus est versus,

Cic. Or. 49, 163:

splendidioribus verbis uti,

id. Brut. 58:

vox suavis et splendida,

clear, id. ib. 55, 203:

cum de te splendida Minos Fecerit arbitria,

Hor. C. 4, 7, 21.—

In partic. (with the accessory idea of mere appearance, opp. to what is real or actual), showy, fine, specious, = speciosus:

non tam solido quam splendido nomine,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18, 61:

praetendens culpae splendida verba tuae,

Ov. R. Am. 240.—

Clear, distinct:

vox,

Cic. Brut. 55, 203.—Hence, adv.: splendĭdē, brightly, brilliantly.

Lit.:

ornare magnifice splendideque convivium,

Cic. Quint. 30, 93; cf.:

apparatus splendidissime expositus,

Petr. 21.—

Trop., brilliantly, splendidly, nobly:

acta aetas honeste ac splendide,

honorably, with distinction, Cic. Tusc. 3, 25, 61; cf. id. Sen. 18, 64:

splendidius contra regem quam, etc., bellum gerere, Auct. B. Alex. 24, 2: ornate splendideque facere,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4:

dicta,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 6:

in parentem Splendide mendax,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 35:

splendidissime natus,

of very high birth, Sen. Ep. 47, 8; cf. Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 2.—

Clearly, intelligibly:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 2, 16, 68.—

Ostentatiously:

invitare,

Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63; cf.:

parum se splendide gerere,

with too little show, meanly, Nep. Att. 14, 2.