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21 hard-won
adj.1 ganado(a) a pulso.2 ganado a duras penas, ganado a pulso, ganado a costa de mucho esfuerzo. -
22 hard-won
a завоёванный с трудом, добытый ценой больших усилий; кровный -
23 hard won
adjectiveകഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടുനേടിയ -
24 hard-won wealth
Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > hard-won wealth
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25 hard-won victory
Общая лексика: трудная победа -
26 hard-won victory
победа, давшаяся с трудомАнгло-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > hard-won victory
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27 hard-won social benefits
Trav. acquis sociaux conquis de haute lutteEnglish-French dictionary of law, politics, economics & finance > hard-won social benefits
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28 hard-won adj
[ˌhɒːd'wʌn] -
29 hard-won victory
победа, давшаяся с трудом -
30 hard-won victory
победа, давшаяся с трудом -
31 ♦ hard
♦ hard /hɑ:d/A a.1 duro; solido; sodo: as hard as steel, duro come l'acciaio; a hard bench, una panca dura; hard soil, terreno duro (o solido)2 arduo; difficile; ostico; duro (lett.): hard questions [words], domande [parole] difficili; DIALOGO → - After an exam- There were a couple of really hard questions, c'erano un paio di domande veramente difficili; a hard task, un compito arduo; un duro compito; a hard case, un caso difficile ( da trattare); to find it hard to do st., fare qc. con grande difficoltà5 forte; grande; accanito, ostinato, tenace: a hard drinker, un forte bevitore; a hard worker, un gran lavoratore; un lavoratore indefesso; a hard smoker, un fumatore accanito6 duro; difficile; pieno di guai: hard life, vita dura; hard times, tempi difficili (o duri); ( di un prodotto) hard to sell, difficile a vendersi8 duro; aspro; brusco; sgarbato: hard words, parole dure (o aspre); hard manners, modi bruschi (o sgarbati)12 duro; aspro; sgradevole; brutto: a hard voice, una voce dura (o aspra); a hard story, una storia sgradevole; una brutta storia; hard light, luce sgradevole16 (agric., chim., fon.) duro: hard wheat, grano duro; hard water, acqua dura; The letter «g» is hard in «go», la lettera «g» è dura in «go»17 (ind. tess.) liscio; rasato18 (econ., fin.) forte; pregiato; solido; sostenuto: hard currency, moneta (o valuta) forte; moneta (o valuta) pregiataB avv.1 energicamente; forte, violentemente: It was raining hard, pioveva forte (o a dirotto); I hit him hard, lo colpii violentemente (o duro)2 accanitamente; molto; sodo; troppo: to fight hard, battersi accanitamente; to study hard, studiare molto; to try hard, fare ogni sforzo; to try one's hardest, mettercela tutta; to work hard, lavorare sodo; to drink hard, bere troppo; to be hard at it (o at work) darci sotto; lavorare sodo3 attentamente; intensamente: to listen hard (to sb.), ascoltare attentamente (q.); to think hard, pensare intensamente; riflettere profondamente5 duramente; gravemente; seriamente: I was hard hit by the slump, sono stato duramente colpito dalla recessioneC n.1 (naut.) approdo dal fondo solido● hard alcohol, alcol ad alta gradazione □ hard-and-fast, categorico, inderogabile, ferreo, rigido □ hard-and-fast rules, regole ferree □ (naut.) Hard aport!, tutto a sinistra! □ (fam. USA) a hard-ass, persona troppa ligia alle regole; tipo inquadrato (fig. fam.) □ (fam. USA) hard-assed, troppo ligio alle regole; inquadrato (fig. fam.) □ hard-baked, troppo cotto, duro ( per eccesso di cottura); (fig. fam.) duro, insensibile □ (naut.) hard beach, spiaggia di alaggio □ (fig.) hard-bitten, agguerrito, temprato; duro, indurito, insensibile □ hard-boiled, ( d'uovo) sodo; (fig.) duro, indurito, incallito, cinico; (fam.) concreto, pratico; ( di un film, ecc.) giallo, con scene di violenza □ hard-bought, acquistato (fig.: conseguito, ottenuto) a caro prezzo □ hard by, proprio vicino; vicinissimo (a) □ hard cash, (econ.) circolante; (fin.) denaro liquido; denaro contante; contanti: to demand hard cash, voler essere pagato in contanti □ hard coal, antracite □ (comput.) hard copy, copia cartacea; copia a stampa □ hard core, (pietrisco per) massicciata ( di strada); (fig.) nucleo intransigente, nucleo di irriducibili ( di un gruppo); (polit.) zoccolo duro (fig.); (mus.) hardcore □ hard-core, intransigente; irriducibile; duro; inflessibile; ( anche) cronico, incurabile; (mus.) hardcore; ( di pornografia) molto spinto, hard-core: hard-core opposition, opposizione irriducibile; (econ.) hard-core unemployment, disoccupazione cronica; a hard-core film, un film hard-core; un film pornografico spinto ( con scene di sesso non simulato) □ ( tennis) hard court, campo in terra battuta (o di cemento, ecc.) □ (comput.) hard disk ( drive) (abbr. HD/D/), hard disk; disco rigido □ to be hard done by, essere trattato male (o in modo ingiusto) □ hard drink, bevanda forte; superalcolico □ hard drinking, eccesso nel bere; alcolismo □ hard drug, droga pesante □ hard-earned, guadagnato con grande fatica (o col sudore della fronte): a hard-earned victory, una vittoria sudata □ hard-edged, ben delineato; risoluto □ (comput.) hard error, errore hardware □ the hard facts, i fatti incontrovertibili; la realtà nuda e cruda (fam.) □ hard-featured, dai lineamenti duri; ( di un viso) ruvido; grossolano (fig.) □ hard feelings, inimicizia; rancore: No hard feelings!, senza rancore!; amici come prima! □ hard-fisted, dalle mani forti; (fig.) duro, severo; ( anche) avaro, spilorcio, tirchio □ hard-fought, combattuto, sofferto; tirato (fam.): a hard-fought match, un incontro tirato □ hard freeze, gelo duro □ hard frost, freddo intenso, rigido □ (econ.) hard goods, beni di consumo durevoli □ hard going, faticoso; pesante (fig.) □ hard-handed, dalle mani incallite; (fig.) che ha la mano pesante, duro □ hard hat (o hard-hat), elmetto da edile; casco di protezione; (fam.) operaio edile, muratore; (fig. fam. USA) ultraconservatore, reazionario □ hard-head ► hardhead □ (fig.) to have a hard head, avere la testa dura; essere cocciuto □ hard-headed, pratico, realistico; accorto, avveduto; ( USA) caparbio, ostinato, testardo □ hard-hearted, dal cuore duro; insensibile; crudele □ hard-heartedness, insensibilità; crudeltà □ ( anche fig.) hard-hit, duramente colpito □ ( sport) a hard-hitter, uno che colpisce duro □ (di discorso, ecc.) hard-hitting, energico, vigoroso, incisivo; ( anche) che non usa giri di parole □ (metall.) hard iron, ferro magnetizzabile □ (leg., stor.) hard labour, lavori forzati ( aboliti in GB nel 1948) □ ( di corda, ecc.) hard-laid, strettamente intrecciato □ hard landing, (aeron.) atterraggio duro; (econ. fig.) atterraggio duro, brusca frenata □ (metall.) hard lead, piombo duro (o all'antimonio) □ (polit.) the hard left, l'estrema sinistra □ ( anche polit.) hard line, linea dura: to take a hard line, seguire la linea dura; non fare concessioni □ hard-line, duro, inflessibile, rigido, intransigente: a hard-line policy, una politica intransigente □ hard liner, chi segue la linea dura; (un) intransigente, irriducibile, integralista □ (fam.) hard lines = hard luck ► sotto □ hard liquor = hard drink ► sopra □ (fin.) hard loan, prestito in valuta forte; ( anche) prestito a tassi di mercato □ hard luck, sfortuna, malasorte; disdetta, scalogna (fam.): Hard luck!, che sfortuna!; che peccato! □ (fam.) a hard-luck story, una storia pietosa (o strappalacrime, fam.) □ a hard man, un duro □ (econ.) hard market, mercato stabile ( nel quale la domanda è alta e i prezzi sono elevati) □ hard money, (econ.) moneta metallica; (polit. USA) contributo diretto alla campagna elettorale di un candidato □ hard-mouthed, ( di cavallo) ribelle al morso; (fig.) indisciplinato, ribelle; testardo, ostinato □ (fam.) hard-nosed, concreto; pratico; realistico; duro □ (fam. fig.) hard nut, osso duro; brutto cliente □ (fam. fig.) a hard nut to crack, una bella gatta da pelare □ hard of hearing, duro d'orecchi; sordastro; che ci sente poco □ hard on, (avv.) = hard upon ► sotto □ (volg.) hard-on, erezione ( del pene); ( slang) to have a hard-on for st., fare una passione per qc.; avere la fregola di qc. (fig.) □ to be hard on, ( di persona) essere duro (o scortese, sgarbato, severo) con (q.); ( di persona) logorare in fretta, maltrattare ( abiti, scarpe, ecc.); ( di cosa) essere dannoso, fare male a: Don't be too hard on your son, non essere troppo duro (o severo) con tuo figlio!; Sitting at a computer all day is hard on the eyes, stare davanti al computer tutto il giorno fa male agli occhi □ to be hard on sb. 's heels, essere alle calcagna di q. □ ( sci) hard-packed snow, neve compatta; neve dura □ (anat.) hard palate, palato duro □ ( nella ceramica) hard paste, pasta dura, pasta compatta □ hard-paste porcelain, porcellana dura □ hard porn, pornografia spinta □ hard-pressed, inseguito da vicino, incalzato; (fig.) oberato, sovraccarico; in difficoltà, alle strette: to be hard-pressed for money, essere a corto di denaro □ to be hard put ( to it) to do st., trovarsi in imbarazzo (o in difficoltà) a fare qc. □ (polit.) the hard right, l'estrema destra □ (ind.) hard rubber, ebanite □ hard science, scienza «dura»; scienze «dure» ( fondate su metodi rigorosi e sperimentali) □ hard science-fiction, fantascienza «dura» ( verosimile sul piano scientifico) □ (market.) ( the) hard-sell, vendita aggressiva □ (market.) hard selling, tecnica di vendita aggressiva □ hard-set, fermo, fisso, ben saldo; ( di cemento, ecc.) indurito; (fig.: di lineamenti) duro, rigido; ( di persona) caparbio, ostinato □ (autom. GB) hard shoulder, corsia d'emergenza ( d'autostrada) □ (mil., miss.) hard site, rampa di lancio protetta □ hard sleep, sonno duro (o profondo) □ (metall.) hard solder, lega per brasatura (o per saldatura forte) □ (naut.) Hard starboard!, tutto a dritta! □ (fam.) the hard stuff, i superalcolici; ( anche) la droga pesante □ ( sport) a hard team to beat, la squadra da battere; un osso duro (fig.) □ hard to please, difficile da contentare; esigente □ hard-to-reach, difficile da raggiungere; di difficile accesso □ hard up, a corto di quattrini; al verde; ( anche) in fregola, eccitato; allupato (fam.) □ hard up for, a corto di, giù a (fam.): I'm hard up for ideas, sono a corto d'idee □ (lett.) hard upon, subito dopo; poco dopo □ hard wear, uso intenso ( d'abiti e sim.) □ ( d'abito e sim.) hard-wearing, robusto; resistente all'uso □ hard-wired ► hardwired □ ( anche mil. e sport) hard-won, contrastato; ottenuto a caro prezzo □ hard-working, laborioso, operoso □ (fig.) to be (as) hard as nails, essere forte, muscoloso; essere duro di cuore, insensibile □ (fig.) to come hard, essere dura: It comes hard to say goodbye, è dura dire addio □ to die hard, ( di un'abitudine e sim.) essere duro a morire; ( di una persona) vendere la pelle a caro prezzo □ to do st. the hard way, fare da sé, ma con fatica; imparare a fare qc. con la dura pratica □ to freeze hard, diventare solido per il gelo; gelare □ to get hard, indurirsi; solidificarsi □ (fam.) to give sb. a hard time, rendere la vita difficile a q.; fare soffrire q.; farla trovare lunga a q. (fam.) □ to go hard with sb., essere dura (o un duro colpo) per q. □ to have a hard time, passarsela male; essere nei guai □ to have a hard time doing st., avere difficoltà a fare qc., trovare duro fare qc. (fam.) □ to learn st. the hard way, imparare qc. a proprie spese □ (fam.) to play hard to get, farsi desiderare; fare il prezioso (fam.) □ to take st. hard, prendere male qc., essere sconvolto da qc. □ (pop. Austral. e NZ) to put the hard word on sb., chiedere soldi a q.; ( anche) fare un'avance sessuale a q.; ( anche) minacciare q. □ to take a ( long) hard look at st., esaminare qc. con calma; ponderare (su) qc. □ too hard to take, troppo forte; troppo scioccante; indigesto. -
32 hard
hard [hα:d]1. adjectivea. ( = not soft) dur ; [blow, kick, punch] violent• to set hard [concrete, clay] bien prendre• no hard feelings! sans rancune !• to show there are no hard feelings pour montrer qu'il n'y a pas de rancune entre nous (or eux etc)• to take a hard line with sb/on sth se montrer intransigeant avec qn/quand il s'agit de qch• to be hard on sb [person] être dur avec qn• hard luck! pas de chance !b. ( = not easy) dur ; [battle, fight] rude• I find it hard to believe that... j'ai du mal à croire que...• it's hard work! c'est dur !c. ( = committed) he's a hard worker il est travailleurd. [winter, climate] rude ; [frost] forte. [evidence] tangible ; [fact] concret2. adverb• no matter how hard I try, I... j'ai beau essayer, je...b. ( = badly) to take sth hard être très affecté par qch3. compounds► hard hat noun casque m ; ( = riding hat) bombe f ; (US = construction worker) ouvrier m du bâtiment• a hard-headed businessman un homme d'affaires qui a la tête sur les épaules ► hard-hearted adjective insensible* * *[hɑːd] 1.1) ( firm) durto go ou grow ou become hard — durcir
frozen hard — complètement gelé; hard lens
2) ( difficult) [problem, question, task] dur, difficile; [choice, decision] difficile; [bargaining, negotiations, fight] dur, serréto be hard to open — être dur or difficile à ouvrir
it's hard to do — c'est dur or difficile à faire
to find it hard to do something — avoir du mal à faire quelque chose, trouver dur or difficile de faire quelque chose
it's hard to accept/believe — on a du mal à accepter/croire ( that que)
it was hard work ou going — ça a été dur or difficile
hard work never hurt ou killed anybody! — le travail n'a jamais fait de mal à personne!
to be a hard worker — être travailleur/-euse
to find something out ou learn something the hard way — apprendre quelque chose à ses dépens
3) ( harsh) [life, year] difficile; [blow] fig dur, terrible; [winter] rudehard luck ou lines (colloq) GB! — pas de chance!
to take a hard line — adopter une attitude ferme ( on something à propos de quelque chose; with somebody envers quelqu'un)
it's a hard life — gen, hum, iron la vie est dure
to give somebody a hard time — (colloq) ( make things difficult) rendre la vie impossible à quelqu'un; ( tell off) passer un savon (colloq) à quelqu'un
4) (stern, cold) [person, look, words] dur, sévère5) ( concrete) [evidence, fact] solide6) ( stark) [colour, light] dur7) ( strong) [liquor] fort; [drug] dur; [pornography] hard (colloq) (inv)8) Politicsthe hard left/right — la gauche/droite (pure et) dure
9) Chemistry [water] dur, calcaire10) Linguistics [consonant] dur11) (colloq) ( tough) [person] dur12) Finance [currency] fort2.1) (strongly, energetically) [push, hit, cry] fort; [work] dur; [study, think] sérieusement; [rain] à verse; [snow] abondamment; [look, listen] attentivementto be hard hit — fig être durement frappé (by par)
to try hard — ( intellectually) faire beaucoup d'efforts; ( physically) essayer de toutes ses forces
no matter how hard I try/work, I... — j'ai beau essayer/travailler, je...
to be hard at it (colloq) ou at work — être en plein travail
2) ( with directions)hard behind — juste derrière; heel
••to be/feel hard done by — être/se sentir brimé
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33 hard
1. adjective1) (firm; solid; not easy to break, scratch etc: The ground is too hard to dig.) hard, fast2) (not easy to do, learn, solve etc: Is English a hard language to learn?; He is a hard man to please.) vanskelig3) (not feeling or showing kindness: a hard master.) streng4) ((of weather) severe: a hard winter.) hard, streng5) (having or causing suffering: a hard life; hard times.) hard, vanskelig6) ((of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added: The water is hard in this part of the country.) hard, kalkrik2. adverb1) (with great effort: He works very hard; Think hard.) hardt, flittig2) (with great force; heavily: Don't hit him too hard; It was raining hard.) hardt, tungt3) (with great attention: He stared hard at the man.) skarpt, strengt, stivt4) (to the full extent; completely: The car turned hard right.) skarpt•- harden- hardness
- hardship
- hard-and-fast
- hard-back
- hard-boiled
- harddisk
- hard-earned
- hard-headed
- hard-hearted
- hardware
- hard-wearing
- be hard on
- hard at it
- hard done by
- hard lines/luck
- hard of hearing
- a hard time of it
- a hard time
- hard uptung--------vanskeligIsubst. \/hɑːd\/1) fast strand (som landingsplass)2) ( slang) straffearbeid3) ( slang) erigert penisIIadj. \/hɑːd\/1) hard, fast, stiv2) hard, kraftig3) hard, tøff, sterk, i form4) kraftig, ivrig, flittig5) vanskelig, besværlig, hard, tung6) ( om person) hardhjertet, følelsesløs, streng, strikt, fordringsfull7) ( om informasjon) pålitelig, nøktern8) ( om medikament) sterkt virkende, sterk, vanedannende9) ( om klima) streng, hard11) hard, grov14) ( om språklyd) hard, ustemt15) ( hverdagslig) alkoholholdig, sterk• oh no, I gave the children some of that hard ciderå nei, jeg har gitt barna litt av den alkoholholdige siderenbe hard on one's clothes slite klærne hardtbe hard on somebody være streng mot noen være urettferdig mot noen være skadelig for noenhard and fast fastsatt, definitiv, avgjort (sjøfart, om skip på grunn) ubevegelighard put to something finne noe svært vanskelighard to swallow se ➢ swallow, 2IIIadv. \/hɑːd\/1) hardt, sterkt, voldsomt, kraftig, intenst2) ivrig, flittig, hardt3) med besvær, med vanskelighet, med (stor) møye4) ( sjøfart) hardtbe hard up ( hverdagslig) sitte hardt i det, ha det vanskelig, være i pengeknipebe hard up for something (to do) mangle noe (å gjøre)follow hard on følge hakk i hæl -
34 hard
adj. (-er, -est) 1. хатуу, чанга. 2. \hard (for sb) (to do sth) хүнд, хэцүү, бэрх. a \hard language хэцүү хэл. 3. хүнд хүчир, хатуу, хар бор. 4. чанга, хүчтэй. 5. нөр, шаргуу, идэвхтэй. He's \hard at work on a new novel. Tэр, шинэ роман дээрээ шаргуу ажиллаж байна. 6. хүнд, хэцүү, хатуу бэрх, зовлон бэрхшээлтэй, аз жаргалгүй. 7. хатуу, ширүүн, хатуу сэтгэлтэй. 8. хатуу, ширүүн, хахир, хүйтэн (цаг агаар). 9. гарцаагүй, хөдлөшгүй (баримт). 10. хатуу, хэлний угийн (авиа). be hard on sb 1. хатуурхах. 2. хатуудах. give sb a hard time хэцүүдүүлэх, хүнд байдалд оруулах. hard and fast хатуу, чанга, нарийн чанд. hard going 1. хэцүү, ойлгоход бэрх, уйтгартай. 2. давшгүй, хүнд бэрх. hard of hearing чих хатуу. make hard work of sth чарайх, хэт мэрийх. have a hard job doing/ to do sth; have a hard time doing sth арайхийн хийх, арай чүү гэж дөнгөх/ давах. no hard feelings хар буруу санахгүй байх. adv. 1. хатуу, хүчтэй, хүч чармайлт гарган. work \hard шаргуу ажиллах. think \hard сайтар бодох. push \hard хүчтэй түлхэх. 2. арай чамай, арай чүү, арайхийн. 3. хүчтэй, ширүүн. raining \hard ширүүн бороо орох. be hard hit (by) хохирол үзэх. be hard put (to it) (to do sth) хийхэд хэцүү/ бэрхшээлтэй/ хүндрэлтэй байх. hard on sth удалгүй/ мөдхөн араас нь. hard by дэргэд, ойролцоо, хавьцаа. hard-boiled adj. 1. сайтар чанасан (өндөг). 2. хатуу, яхир. hard-earned adj. хүч хөдөлмөрөө шавхан байж олсон. hard-faced adj. гөлийсөн, хатуу сэтгэлтэй. hard-fought adj. ширүүн, шаргуу, хүчтэй (тэмцэл, тулалдаан). hard-headed adj. хэрсүү, эрүүл ухаантай. hard-hearted adj. цэвдэг, хатуу сэтгэлтэй. hard-hitting adj. шууд нүүрэн дээр ил хэлсэн (үг). hard-pressed adj. \hard (to do sth) боогдсон, хяхагдсан, дарамтанд орсон. hard up adj. мөнгөгүй, мөнгөөр гачигдсан/ дутагдсан. hard-wearing adj. эдэлгээтэй, удаан эдлэх. hard-won adj. ширүүн тэмцэж олсон, хурц өрсөлдөөнд ялсан. hard-working adj. нөр хөдөлмөрч. -
35 hard
/hɑ:d/ * tính từ - cứng, rắn =hard as steel+ rắn như thép - rắn chắc, cứng cáp =hard muscles+ bắp thịt rắn chắc - cứng (nước) =hard water+ nước cứng (có hoà tan nhiều muối vô cơ) - thô cứng; gay gắt, khó chịu =hard feature+ những nét thô cứng =hard to the ear+ nghe khó chịu =hard to the eye+ nhìn khó chịu - hà khắc, khắc nghiệt, nghiêm khắc, không thương xót, không có tính cứng rắn, cứng cỏi; hắc, keo cú, chi li =a hard look+ cái nhìn nghiêm khắc =hard discipline+ kỷ luật khắc nghiệt =hard winter+ mùa đông khắc nghiệt =to be hard on (upon) somebody+ khắc nghiệt với ai - nặng, nặng nề =a hard blow+ một đòn nặng nề, một đòn trời giáng =hard of hearing+ nặng tai =a hard drinker+ người nghiện rượu nặng - gay go, khó khăn, gian khổ, hắc búa =a hard problem+ vấn đề hắc búa =hard lines+ số không may; sự khổ cực =to be hard to convince+ khó mà thuyết phục - không thể chối câi được, không bác bỏ được, rõ rành rành =hard facts+ sự việc rõ rành rành không thể chối câi được - cao, đứng giá (thị trường giá cả) - (ngôn ngữ học) kêu (âm) - bằng đồng, bằng kim loại (tiền) =hard cash+ tiền đồng, tiền kim loại - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) có nồng độ rượu cao =hard liquors+ rượu mạnh !hard and fast - cứng rắn, chặt chẽ (nguyên tắc, luật lệ...) !hard as nails - (xem) nail !a hard nut to crack - (xem) nut !a hard row to hoe - (xem) row * phó từ - hết sức cố gắng, tích cực =to try hard to succeed+ cố gắng hết sức để thành công - chắc, mạnh, nhiều =to hold something hard+ nắm chắc cái gì =to strike hard+ đánh mạnh =to drink hard+ uống tuý luý, uống rượu như hũ chìm =it's raining hard+ trời mưa to - khắc nghiệt, nghiêm khắc; cứng rắn; hắc =don't use him too hard+ đừng khắc nghiệt quá đối với nó =to criticize hard+ phê bình nghiêm khắc - gay go, khó khăn, chật vật, gian khổ =to die hard+ chết một cách khó khăn =hard won+ thắng một cách chật vật - sát, gần, sát cạnh =hard by+ sát cạnh, gần bên =to follow hard after+ bám sát theo sau !to be hard bit - (xem) bit !to be hard pressed - (xem) press !to be hard put to bit - bị lâm vào hoàn cảnh khó khăn !to be hard up - cạn túi, cháy túi, hết tiền !to be hard up for - bí không bới đâu ra, bế tắc không tìm đâu ra (cái gì...) !to be hard up against it !to have it hard - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ), (thông tục) lâm vào hoàn cảnh khó khăn, phải va chạm với những khó khăn !hard upon - gần sát, xấp xỉ =it is getting hard upon twelve+ đã gần 12 giờ rồi !it will go hard with him - rất là khó khăn bất lợi cho anh ta * danh từ - đường dốc xuống bâi, đường dốc xuống bến - (từ lóng) khổ sai =to get two year hard+ bị hai năm khổ sai -
36 hard
1. adjectivedrive a hard bargain — hart verhandeln
2) (difficult) schwer; schwierigit is hard to do something — es ist schwer, etwas zu tun
make it hard for somebody [to do something] — es jemandem schwer machen[, etwas zu tun]
[choose to] go about/do something the hard way — es sich (Dat.) bei etwas unnötig schwer machen
be hard going — [Buch:] sich schwer lesen; [Arbeit:] anstrengend sein
play hard to get — (coll.) so tun, als sei man nicht interessiert
have a hard time doing something — Schwierigkeiten haben, etwas zu tun
it's a hard life — (joc.) das Leben ist schwer
it is [a bit] hard on him — es ist [schon] schlimm für ihn
hard luck — (coll.) Pech
3) (strenu-ous) hart; beschwerlich [Reise]; leidenschaftlich [Spieler]try one's hardest to do something — sich nach Kräften bemühen, etwas zu tun
5) (unfeeling) hartbe hard [up]on somebody — streng mit jemandem sein
2. adverbtake a hard line [with somebody on something] — [in Bezug auf etwas (Akk.)] eine harte Linie [gegenüber jemandem] vertreten
1) (strenuously) hart [arbeiten, trainieren]; fleißig [lernen, studieren, üben]; genau [überlegen, beobachten]; scharf [nachdenken]; gut [aufpassen, zuhören, sich festhalten]concentrate hard/harder — sich sehr/mehr konzentrieren
be hard at work on something — an etwas (Dat.) intensiv od. konzentriert arbeiten
2) (vigorously) heftig; fest [schlagen, drücken, klopfen]3) (severely, drastically) hart; streng [zensieren]be hard up — knapp bei Kasse sein (ugs.)
4)be hard put to it [to do something] — große Schwierigkeiten haben[, etwas zu tun]
5) hart [kochen]; fest [gefrieren [lassen]]* * *1. adjective2) (not easy to do, learn, solve etc: Is English a hard language to learn?; He is a hard man to please.) schwer, schwierig3) (not feeling or showing kindness: a hard master.) hart5) (having or causing suffering: a hard life; hard times.) hart6) ((of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added: The water is hard in this part of the country.) hart2. adverb1) (with great effort: He works very hard; Think hard.) hart3) (with great attention: He stared hard at the man.) anstarren4) (to the full extent; completely: The car turned hard right.) sehr•- academic.ru/33648/harden">harden- hardness
- hardship
- hard-and-fast
- hard-back
- hard-boiled
- harddisk
- hard-earned
- hard-headed
- hard-hearted
- hardware
- hard-wearing
- be hard on
- hard at it
- hard done by
- hard lines/luck
- hard of hearing
- a hard time of it
- a hard time
- hard up* * *[hɑ:d, AM hɑ:rd]I. adj1. (solid) hart\hard cash Bargeld nt\hard cheese Hartkäse m\hard currency harte Währung2. (tough) person zäh, harthe's a \hard one er ist ein ganz Harter3. (difficult) schwierigshe had a \hard time [of it] es war eine schwere Zeit für sieit's \hard being a widow es ist nicht einfach, Witwe zu seinif she won't listen, she'll have to learn the \hard way wer nicht hören will, muss fühlento be \hard to come by schwierig aufzutreiben seinto do sth the \hard way sich dat etw schwermachento find sth \hard to believe [or swallow] etw kaum glauben könnento get \hard [or \harder] schwer [o schwerer] werdenit's \hard to say es ist schwer zu sagen4. (laborious) anstrengend, mühevollthe mountain there is a \hard climb der Berg dort ist schwer zu besteigena \hard fight ein harter Kampf a. figto give sth a \hard push etw kräftig anschiebento be \hard work harte Arbeit sein; studies anstrengend [o schwer] sein; text schwer zu lesen sein, sich akk schwer lesento be a \hard worker fleißig seinshe's finding the bad news \hard to take es fällt ihr schwer, die schlechte Nachricht zu verkraftena \hard blow ein harter Schlaga \hard heart ein hartes Herza \hard life ein hartes Lebena \hard taskmaster ein strenger Arbeitgeberto give sb a \hard time jdm das Leben schwermachen▪ to be \hard on sb/sth mit jdm/etw hart ins Gericht gehen6. (harmful)▪ to be \hard on sth etw stark strapazierenI'm very \hard on shoes ich habe einen extrem hohen Schuhverschleißto be \hard on the eyes monitor die Augen überanstrengen7. (unfortunate) hart▪ to be \hard on sb hart für jdn sein8. (extreme) hart\hard frost/winter strenger Frost/Wintera \hard light ein grelles Lichtto take a \hard line eine harte Linie verfolgen9. (reliable) sicher, fest10. (potent) stark\hard drinks/drugs harte Getränke/Drogena \hard drinker ein starker Trinker/eine starke Trinkerin\hard drinking starker Alkoholkonsumto be into [or to do] \hard drugs harte Drogen nehmen11. (with lime)\hard water hartes Wasser12. (scrutinizing)13. TYPO14. LING\hard consonant harter Konsonant15. NUCL16.▶ to be \hard at it ganz bei der Sache sein▶ to be \hard on sb's heels jdm dicht auf den Fersen seinII. adv1. (solid) hartboiled \hard hart gekochtto set \hard glue, varnish hart werden, aushärten fachspr; concrete, mortar fest werden, abbinden fachspr2. (vigorously) fest[e], kräftigthink \hard! denk mal genau nach!to not do sth very \hard etw nicht sehr gründlich tunto exercise \hard hart trainierento press/pull \hard kräftig drücken/ziehento study \hard fleißig lernento work \hard hart arbeiten3. (severely) schwerhis parents took the news of his death \hard seine Eltern traf die Nachricht von seinem Tod schwer4. (closely) knapp\hard by in nächster Näheto follow \hard [up]on [or after] [or behind] sb/sth jdm/etw knapp folgen, jdm/etw dicht auf den Fersen sein5. (copiously)it was raining \hard es regnete starkto die \hard [nur] langsam sterbenthe old idea of state ownership of all firms dies \hard die alte Vorstellung von einer Verstaatlichung aller Firmen stirbt einfach nicht aus7.* * *[hAːd]1. adj (+er)1) (= not soft) hart2) (= difficult) schwer, schwierigthis is hard to do, it is hard to do — es ist schwer, das zu tun
stories that are hard to understand — Geschichten, die schwer verständlich sind
she is hard to please — man kann ihr kaum etwas recht machen
it's hard to tell — es lässt sich schwer sagen, es ist schwer zu sagen
she found it hard to make friends — es fiel ihr schwer, Freunde zu finden
to play hard to get — so tun, als sei man nicht interessiert
it was very hard work in the shop — die Arbeit in dem Geschäft war sehr anstrengend
he's hard work (inf) — er ist ziemlich anstrengend (inf)
getting on with him is hard work (inf) it was hard work for me not to swear at him — es gehört schon etwas dazu, mit ihm auszukommen (inf) es hat mich große Mühe gekostet, ihn nicht zu beschimpfen
this novel is hard going — durch diesen Roman muss man sich mühsam durchbeißen
chatting her up is hard going (inf) — es ist gar nicht so einfach, sie anzumachen (inf)
to give sb/sth a hard push — jdm/etw einen harten Stoß versetzen
to give sth a hard pull or tug — kräftig an etw (dat) ziehen
it was a hard blow or knock ( for or to them) (fig) — es war ein schwerer Schlag (für sie)
5) (= severe, tough) person, look, eyes, smile, voice, life hart; winter, frost streng, hartI had a hard time finding a job — ich hatte Schwierigkeiten, eine Stelle zu finden
he had a hard time of it — er hat es nicht leicht gehabt; (in negotiations, boxing match etc) es hat ihn einen harten Kampf gekostet; (with illness, operation etc) es war eine schwere Zeit für ihn
hard times — schwere Zeiten pl
to be as hard as nails — knallhart sein (inf)
See:→ also nut7) (= real, unquestionable) facts, information gesichert8)See:2. adv1) (= with effort) work hart, schwer; run, drive sehr schnell; breathe schwer; study, play eifrig; (= carefully) listen, look genau, gut; think scharf, angestrengt; (= strongly, forcefully) push, pull kräftig, fest; laugh, scream, cry, beg sehr; rain, snow stark; blow kräftigsince 7 this morning — ich bin seit heute Morgen um 7 schwer am Werk or schwer dabei (inf)
she works hard at keeping herself fit — sie gibt sich viel Mühe, sich fit zu halten
no matter how hard I try... — wie sehr ich mich auch anstrenge,...
if you try hard you can do it — wenn du dich richtig bemühst or anstrengst, kannst du es tun
he listened hard (straining to hear) —
2)(= severely)
to be hard pushed or put to do sth — es sehr schwer finden, etw zu tunto clamp down hard —
it'll go hard for or with him if... (= it will cost him dear) — er wird Schwierigkeiten bekommen, wenn... es kann ihn teuer zu stehen kommen, wenn...
he reckons he's hard done by having to work on Saturdays — er findet es ungerecht, dass er samstags arbeiten muss
she took it very hard — es traf sie sehr or schwer, es ging ihr sehr nahe
See:→ also hard-pressed3)(= as far as possible)
hard right/left — scharf rechts/linksto turn/go hard round — eine scharfe Kehrtwendung machen
bear hard round to your left —
to lock hard over hard a-port/a-starboard/astern etc (Naut) — voll einschlagen hart backbord/steuerbord/nach achtern etc
4)following hard upon the opening of the new cinema —
See:→ also heel* * *hard [hɑː(r)d]A adj1. allg hart: → cheese12. fest (Knoten)3. schwer, schwierig:a) mühsam, anstrengend:hard work harte Arbeit;it is quite hard work es ist ganz schön anstrengend ( doing zu tun);hard to believe kaum zu glauben;hard to please schwer zufriedenzustellen;he is hard to please man kann es ihm nur schwer recht machen, er ist sehr anspruchsvoll;hard to imagine schwer vorstellbar;it is hard for me to accept this thesis es fällt mir schwer, diese These zu akzeptieren;he made it hard for me to believe him er machte es mir schwer, ihm zu glauben; → graft2 A 1, way1 Bes Redewb) schwer verständlich, schwer zu bewältigen(d):hard problems schwierige Probleme4. hart, zäh, widerstandsfähig:in hard condition SPORT konditionsstark, fit;5. hart, angestrengt, intensiv (Studium etc)6. fleißig, tüchtig:he is a hard worker er ist enorm fleißig;try one’s hardest sich alle Mühe geben7. heftig, stark (Regen etc):a hard blow ein harter Schlag, fig a. ein schwerer Schlag;hard drinker starke(r) Trinker(in);a hard service (Tennis) ein harter Aufschlag;be hard on Kleidung, einen Teppich etc strapazieren;be hard on the eyes die Augen anstrengen;be hard on the legs in die Beine gehen9. hart, gefühllos, streng:hard words harte Worte;a) jemanden hart oder ungerecht behandeln,b) jemandem hart zusetzen10. hart, drückend:it is hard on him es ist hart für ihn, es trifft ihn schwer;be hard on the pocket kaum erschwinglich sein;price increases are hardest on the pockets of the poor Preiserhöhungen treffen immer die Armen am meisten;hard times schwere Zeiten;a) Schlimmes durchmachen (müssen),b) sich schwertun ( with mit);have a hard time getting sth es schwer haben, etwas zu bekommen;he had a hard time getting up early es fiel ihm schwer, früh aufzustehen;give sb a hard time jemandem das Leben schwer machen11. hart:the hard facts die unumstößlichen oder nackten Tatsachen12. nüchtern, kühl (überlegend), unsentimental:a hard businessman ein kühler Geschäftsmann;he has a hard head er denkt nüchtern13. sauer, herb (Getränk)14. hart (Droge), (Getränk auch) stark:15. PHYS hart (Wasser etc):hard tube Hochvakuumröhre f16. AGR hart, Hart…:18. hart (Farben, Stimme)19. PHONa) hart, stimmlosb) nicht palatalisiert20. hard of hearing schwerhöriga) in (Geld)Schwierigkeiten, schlecht bei Kasse,b) in Verlegenheit ( for um)B adv1. hart, fest:frozen hard hart gefroren2. fig hart, schwer:brake hard scharf bremsen;drink hard ein starker Trinker sein;it will go hard with him es wird ihm schlecht ergehen;a) jemandem einen harten oder heftigen Schlag versetzen,look hard at scharf ansehen;be hard pressed, be hard put to it in schwerer Bedrängnis sein;they are taking it very hard es ist ein schwerer Schlag für sie;think hard scharf oder angestrengt nachdenken;4. nahe, dicht:C s1. Br festes Uferland2. Br sl Zwangsarbeit f* * *1. adjective1) hart; stark, heftig [Regen]; gesichert [Beweis, Zahlen, Daten, Information]2) (difficult) schwer; schwierigit is hard to do something — es ist schwer, etwas zu tun
make it hard for somebody [to do something] — es jemandem schwer machen[, etwas zu tun]
[choose to] go about/do something the hard way — es sich (Dat.) bei etwas unnötig schwer machen
be hard going — [Buch:] sich schwer lesen; [Arbeit:] anstrengend sein
play hard to get — (coll.) so tun, als sei man nicht interessiert
have a hard time doing something — Schwierigkeiten haben, etwas zu tun
it's a hard life — (joc.) das Leben ist schwer
it is [a bit] hard on him — es ist [schon] schlimm für ihn
hard luck — (coll.) Pech
3) (strenu-ous) hart; beschwerlich [Reise]; leidenschaftlich [Spieler]try one's hardest to do something — sich nach Kräften bemühen, etwas zu tun
4) (vigorous) heftig [Angriff, Schlag]; kräftig [Schlag, Stoß, Tritt]; (severe) streng [Winter]5) (unfeeling) hartbe hard [up]on somebody — streng mit jemandem sein
2. adverbtake a hard line [with somebody on something] — [in Bezug auf etwas (Akk.)] eine harte Linie [gegenüber jemandem] vertreten
1) (strenuously) hart [arbeiten, trainieren]; fleißig [lernen, studieren, üben]; genau [überlegen, beobachten]; scharf [nachdenken]; gut [aufpassen, zuhören, sich festhalten]concentrate hard/harder — sich sehr/mehr konzentrieren
be hard at work on something — an etwas (Dat.) intensiv od. konzentriert arbeiten
2) (vigorously) heftig; fest [schlagen, drücken, klopfen]3) (severely, drastically) hart; streng [zensieren]be hard up — knapp bei Kasse sein (ugs.)
4)be hard put to it [to do something] — große Schwierigkeiten haben[, etwas zu tun]
5) hart [kochen]; fest [gefrieren [lassen]]* * *adj.hart (Wasser) adj.hart adj.heftig adj.kalkhaltig adj.schwer adj. -
37 hard
1) (rigid, solid) hart;\hard cheese Hartkäse m;a \hard and fast rule eine verbindliche Regel;2) (difficult, complex) schwierig;she had a \hard time [of it] es war eine schwere Zeit für sie;it's \hard being a widow es ist nicht einfach, Witwe zu sein;if she won't listen, she'll have to learn the \hard way wer nicht hören will, muss fühlen;to be \hard to come by schwierig aufzutreiben sein;to do sth the \hard way sich dat etw schwer machen;to get \hard [or \harder] schwer [o schwerer] werden;it's \hard to say es ist schwer zu sagen3) ( requiring much effort) anstrengend, mühevoll;the mountain there is a \hard climb der Berg dort ist schwer zu besteigen;a \hard fight ein harter Kampf (a. fig)to give sth a \hard push etw kräftig anschieben;to be \hard work harte Arbeit sein;to be a \hard worker fleißig seinshe's finding the bad news \hard to take es fällt ihr schwer, die schlechte Nachricht zu verkraften;a \hard blow ein harter Schlag;a \hard heart ein hartes Herz;that's your \hard luck! das ist dein Pech!;a \hard taskmaster ein strenger Arbeitgeber;to give sb a \hard time jdm das Leben schwer machen;to be \hard on sb/ sth mit jdm/etw hart ins Gericht gehen5) ( causing harm)to be \hard on sth etw stark strapazieren;I'm very \hard on shoes ich habe einen extrem hohen Schuhverschleiß6) (problematic, unfortunate) hart;to be \hard on sb hart für jdn sein7) ( extremely cold)\hard frost/ winter strenger Frost/Winter8) (demonstrable, solid) sicher, fest;\hard facts ( verified) gesicherte Fakten;( brutally honest) nackte Tatsachen;9) ( strong) stark;\hard drinks/ drugs harte Getränke/Drogen;a \hard drinker ein starker Trinker/eine starke Trinkerin;\hard drinking starker Alkoholkonsum;to be into \hard drugs harte Drogen nehmen\hard water hartes Wasser11) ( scrutinizing)to take a [good] \hard look at sth sich dat etw genau ansehen, etw gründlich betrachtenPHRASES:to drive a \hard bargain knallhart verhandeln [o feilschen];to be \hard on sb's heels jdm dicht auf den Fersen sein adv1) (solid, rigid) hart;boiled \hard hart gekocht;frozen \hard hart gefroren;( sth moving) steif gefroren2) ( vigorously) fest[e], kräftig;think \hard! denk mal genau nach!;to exercise \hard hart trainieren;to play \hard ausgiebig spielen;to press/pull \hard kräftig drücken/ziehen;to study \hard fleißig lernen;to work \hard hart arbeiten;to not do sth very \hard etw nicht sehr gründlich tun;to be \hard at it ganz bei der Sache sein3) (painfully, severely) schwer;his parents took the news of his death \hard seine Eltern traf die Nachricht von seinem Tod schwer;4) ( closely) knapp;to follow \hard [up]on [or after] [or behind] sb/ sth jdm/etw knapp folgen, jdm/etw dicht auf den Fersen sein5) (heavy, driving)it was raining \hard es regnete stark;to die \hard [nur] langsam sterben;the old idea of state ownership of all firms dies \hard die alte Vorstellung von einer Verstaatlichung aller Firmen stirbt einfach nicht ausPHRASES:old habits die \hard (die \hard) der Mensch ist ein Gewohnheitstier -
38 hard lines/luck
(bad luck: Hard lines/luck! I'm afraid you haven't won this time; It's hard luck that he broke his leg.) bare ærgerligt* * *(bad luck: Hard lines/luck! I'm afraid you haven't won this time; It's hard luck that he broke his leg.) bare ærgerligt -
39 hard and fast
I. adj phrтвёpдый, жёcткий, нeпpeлoжный (o пpaвилax и т. п.)Brunetiere had no tolerance; he measured writers by hard and fast rules and was incapable of seeing merit in those who had aims with which he did not sympathize (W. S. Maugham). I have a hard and fast rule: I won't represent anyone who lies to me (S. Shetdon)II. adv phrтвёpдo и нeпoкoлeбимo, нeocпopимo'But if we give our ages wrong, are we married 'all right - legally?" 'Hard and fast' (Gr. Greene) -
40 hard lines/luck
(bad luck: Hard lines/luck! I'm afraid you haven't won this time; It's hard luck that he broke his leg.) mala suerte, mala pata
См. также в других словарях:
hard-won — hardˈ won adjective Won with toil and difficulty • • • Main Entry: ↑hard * * * hard won UK US adjective achieved only after a lot of effort hard won success Thesaurus: difficult to do and involving a lot of effortsynonym * * * … Useful english dictionary
hard-won — a. Acquired with difficulty; as, to squander one s hard won fortune. [PJC] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
hard-won — adj achieved only after a of lot effort and difficulty ▪ The people were not prepared to give up their hard won independence … Dictionary of contemporary English
hard-won — ADJ: usu ADJ n If you describe something that someone has gained or achieved as hard won, you mean that they worked hard to gain or achieve it. The dispute could destroy Australia s hard won reputation for industrial stability … English dictionary
hard-won — /ˈhad wʌn/ (say hahd wun) adjective achieved despite numerous difficulties and setbacks: hard won victory; hard won wisdom …
hard-won — adj. Hard won is used with these nouns: ↑gain … Collocations dictionary
hard-won — UK / US adjective achieved only after a lot of effort hard won success … English dictionary
ˈhard-ˌwon — adj achieved only after a lot of effort hard won success[/ex] … Dictionary for writing and speaking English
hard-won — adjective Date: 1818 gained by great effort … New Collegiate Dictionary
hard-won — adjective Having been obtained with effort, despite difficulty and hardship … Wiktionary
Hard — Hard, adv. [OE. harde, AS. hearde.] 1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly. [1913 Webster] And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden. [1913 Webster] My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak. [1913 … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English