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1 alma
1 noun "good fortune, weal, wealth". In a deleted entry in Etym, the glosses were "riches, good fortune, blessedness"; in another deleted entry, Tolkien provided the glosses "growth" and maybe "increase" reading uncertain, also "good fortune, riches" GALA ALAM, VT45:5, 13, 14 2 flower PE17:153, said to be the usual Quenya word or general Quenya word i.e. for flower, but its coexistence with \#1 is problematic. Compare lós, lótë, lotsë, indil. -
2 márië
1 goodness, good as noun abstract formation from the adj. mára. PE17:58, 89. Genitive máriéno, dative máriena, locative máriessë PE17:59, occurring in the greeting hara máriessë stay in happiness, PE17:162 Allative márienna *to goodness, used as an interjection farewell archaic namárië, q.v., 2 stative verb "it is good" FS; from mára "good"; however, the stative-verb suffix -ië is hardly valid in LotR-style Quenya -
3 mára
adj. "useful, fit, good" of things MAG; see MA3; Arct, VT42:34, VT45:30. Nás mara nin I like it, literally *it is good to me VT49:30; read mára for mara? As the comparative of mára, the unrelated adjective arya excelling is used in the sense of *better; for the superlative *best, one adds the article: i arya with genitive to express the best of PE17:57, -
4 mána
1 adj. "blessed" FS; also manna, q.v. 2 noun any good thing or fortunate thing; a boon or blessing, a grace, being esp. used of some thing/person/event that helps or amends an evil or difficulty. Cf. frequent ejaculation on receiving aid in trouble: yé mána ma = what a blessing, what a good thing! VT49:41 -
5 almë
noun a good thing, a blessing, a piece of good fortune PE17:146. Cf. alma, almië. -
6 manë
adj. "good moral" sc. *"good in a moral sense" LT1:260, VT49:26 -
7 aman
adj. "blessed, free from evil". Adopted and adapted from Valarin WJ:399, though in other versions Tolkien cited an Elvish etymology cf. VT49:26-27. Place-name Aman the Blessed Realm, from the stem mān- "good, blessed, unmarred" SA:mān, translated Unmarred State VT49:26. Allative Amanna VT49:26. Adj. amanya "of Aman, *Amanian" WJ:411, nominal pl. Amanyar "those of Aman", Elves dwelling there with negations Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those not of Aman". Also fuller Amaneldi noun *"Aman-elves" WJ:373.Masc. name Amandil *"Aman-friend" Appendix A, SA:mān, the father of Elendil; also name of the Númenorean king Tar-Amandil UT:210. -
8 tai
1 pron. "that which, what", which fact VT42:34, VT49:12, 20. The word occurs in the sentence alasaila ná lá carë tai mo navë mára, translated "it is unwise not to do what one judges good". So tai = "what", but it means more literally "that which" VT49:12, ta + i cf. ta \#1 and the use of i as a relative pronoun. In one note, Tolkien emended tai to ita, reversing the elements VT49:12 and also eliminating the ambiguity involving the homophone tai \#2, see below. 2 pron. they, them, 3rd person pl., used with reference to inanimates rather than persons or living things VT49:32, see ta \#3 above. Perhaps to avoid the clash with tai that which, the pronoun tai they, them was altered to te in at least one manuscript VT49:33, so that it would merge with the pronoun used of living beings and the distinction between animate and inanimate would be abandoned see te. 3 adv. then, also tá which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well VT49:33 -
9 curuni
"k"noun "witch" of the good magic LT1:269 -
10 Mairen
fem. nameUT:210, initial element perhaps related or identical to mai "well". The second element is obscure; the root REN "recall, have in mind" PM:372 could be related; if so the name may imply "well remembered", "of good memory" or something similar. It may also connect with the adj. maira, q.v. and compare the masc. name Mairon PE18:163. -
11 ta
1 pron. "that, it" TA; compare antaróuta/u "he gave it" FS; see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna thither, talo/tó thence and tás/tassë there are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: *to that, *from that and *in that place, respectively. Compare there as one gloss of ta see \#4. 2 adv. so, like that, also, e.g. ta mára so good VT49:12 3 pron. "they, them", an "impersonal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring "only to 'abstracts' or to things such as inanimates not by the Eldar regarded as persons" VT43:20, cf. ta as an inanimate Common Eldarin plural pronoun, VT49:52. Compare te, q.v. The word ta occurring in some versions of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer may exemplify this use of ta as an "impersonal" plural pronoun: emmë avatyarir uta/u "we forgive uthem/u" VT43:8, 9; this refers to trespasses, not the trespassers. However, since Tolkien also wanted ta to mean that see \#1 above, he may seem to be somewhat dissatisfied with ta they, them, introducing variant forms like tai VT49:32 to free up ta as a sg. pronoun. In one document, tai was in turn altered to te VT49:33, which could suggest that the distinction between animate and inanimate they, them was abandoned and the form te q.v. could be used for both. In some documents, Tolkien seems to use tar as the plural form VT49:56 mentions this as an uncertain reading in a source where the word was struck out; compare ótar under ó-. 4 conj., said to be a reducted form of tá then, used before each new item in a series or list; if as often in English the equivalent of and was omitted, and placed only before a final item e.g. Tom, Dick, and Harriet, this would in Quenya represent a discontinuity, and what followed after ta would be an addition of something overlooked or less important. PE17:70 Hence the use of arta ar ta, and ta for et cetera; in older language ta ta or just ta. 5 adv. there VT49:33; this may be an Elvish root or element rather than a Quenya word; see tanomë; see however also tar, tara, tanna under ta \#1. -
12 alya
1 adj. fair, good PE17:146, "prosperous, rich, abundant, blessed" GALA. In a deleted entry in Etym, the glosses provided were "rich, blessed"; another deleted entry defined alya as "rich, prosperous, blessed". GALA, ÁLAM, VT42:32, 45:5, 14 -
13 ala-
2 negative prefix "not", "un-", reduced to al- before a vowel VT42:33, GALA, VT45:25, though the example Alcorin would suggest that al- can sometimes appear before a consonant as well. In a deleted entry in Etym, ala- was defined as "not" and said to be a "pure negative" VT45:5. In alahasta, Alamanyar, alasaila, Alcorin. 3, also al-, a prefix expressing good or well PE17:146, as in alaquenta q.v. Whether Tolkien imagined this ending to coexist with the negative prefix of the same form \#2 above is unclear and perhaps dubious. 4 vb. plant, grow the first gloss would suggest that the following one is transitive: to grow plants PE17:100. Compare al- thrive, *grow which however seems intransitive. -
14 Amarië
fem. name; perhaps derived from mára "good" with prefixing of the stem-vowel and the feminine ending -ië Silm -
15 almië
noun "blessedness, 'blessings', good fortune, bliss". In deleted entries in Etym, the glosses were "blessedness, prosperity, bliss" GALA, VT45:5, 14 -
16 alima
adj. fair, good also alya PE17:146 -
17 nin
pron. "to me, for me", dative of ni FS, Nam. Sí man i yulma nin enquantuva? Now who will refill the cup for me? Nam, nás mara nin *it is good to me = I like it VT49:30, ecë nin carë sa *it-is-open for me to do it = I can do it VT49:34. See also ninya. -
18 yé
1 interjection "lo!" VT47:31, also occurring in Aragorn's exclamation when he found the sapling of the White Tree. Compare yéta-. Also in the ejaculation yé mána ma = what a blessing or what a good thing! VT49:41. The more literal meaning would seem to be *behold the blessing! 2 conj.? "what is more", also yëa VT47:31 3 = ye \#3, q.v. -
19 arya
1 adj. excelling, used as the comparative form of mára good, hence *better PE17:57. The superlative *best is i arya with the article, with genitive to express *the best of Cf. mára. 3 noun "twelve hours, day" ARsup1/sup; compare aurë. In deleted notes this word was also used as an adjective: "of the day, light" VT45:6. Still according to VT45:6, arya is also the name of Tengwa \#26 in the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, but Tolkien would later call \#26 arda instead indeed arya was changed from arda in the source; Tolkien would later change his mind back again. The abandoned name arya suggests that the letter was to have the value ry rather than rd as in the classical system outlined in LotR Appendix E. Since the word for day daylight period is given as aurë in later sources, and arya is assigned other meanings in late material see \#1, 2 above, the conceptual validity of arya day is questionable.% -
20 ma
1 neuter personal pronoun "something, a thing" VT42:34. It may occur with the meaning thing in the ejaculation yé mána ma = what a blessing or what a good thing! VT49:41 2 Ma has also been theorized to be a particle used to turn declarative statements into yes/no questions.
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