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21 consumption
kənˈsʌmpʃən сущ.
1) потребление;
затрата, издержки, расход mass consumption Syn: use
2) экон. сфера потребления
3) а) туберкулез, чахотка б) истощение организма (особенно от этой болезни) потребление - * of food потребление пищи - home * внутреннее потребление - per capita * потребление на душу населения( техническое) расход (масла, воздуха, пара, топлива) (техническое) затрата (энергии) чахотка, туберкулез легких увядание( от болезни) additional ~ дополнительное потребление conspicious ~ полит.эк. показное потребление consumption потребление ~ расход ~ financed on credit потребление, финансируемое в кредит ~ of goods потребление товаров ~ of materials расход материалов credit financed ~ потребление, финансируемое за счет кредита domestic ~ внутреннее потребление energy ~ потребление энергии excessive ~ перерасход excessive ~ чрезмерное потребление final ~ конечное потребление fuel ~ потребление топлива government ~ государственное потребление heat ~ потребление тепла home ~ выч. внутреннее потребление home ~ полит.эк. потребление внутри страны household ~ домашнее потребление increased ~ возросшее потребление intermediate ~ временное потребление mass ~ массовое потребление media ~ использование средств рекламы minimum ~ минимальное потребление minimum ~ минимальный расход nonbusiness ~ потребление вне сферы экономики own ~ собственное потребление per capita ~ потребление на душу населения personal ~ личное потребление power ~ вчт. потребляемая мощность private ~ личное потребление status ~ потребление престижных товаровБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > consumption
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22 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
23 FAS
1) Общая лексика: Federation for Employee Ownership2) Компьютерная техника: flexible access system3) Морской термин: свободно вдоль борта судна (free alongside ship)4) Медицина: Fat And Stupid (Healthcare coded patient notes acronym.), full analysis set, Feasibility Analysis Study5) Спорт: First And Seconds, Firsts And Seconds6) Военный термин: ( U.S.) Foreign Agriculture Service, Field Ambulance Service, Field Artillery System, Field Assistance And Support, facility activation schedule, facility activity schedule, facility air supply, factor analysis system, field alert status, field artillery school, field artillery section, final asset screen, fire-support aerial system, flight augmentation system, follow-up alarm system, force accounting system, foreign area specialist, forward acquisition system, forward area sector, frequency agile system, frequency assignment subcommittee, fuel augmentation system, fully automatic system7) Техника: fixed-point additions and subtractions, free alongside ship (price), frequency allocation subcommittee8) Шутливое выражение: Funny And Sweet9) Химия: Folic Acid Synthesis10) Юридический термин: free alongside ship, (Federal Antimonopoly Service) ФАС11) Бухгалтерия: Financial Accounting Standard, Financial Accounting Standards, Funds attributable to shareholders (таблица в финансовом отчете)12) Финансы: ФАС13) Телекоммуникации: Frame Alignment Signal, Frame Alignment Sequence (T-1)14) Сокращение: Federal Agricultural Service, Federal Airport Service, Federation of American Scientists, Fellow of the Anthropological Society, Fellow of the Antiquarian Society, Flank Array Sonar (Germany), Flexible Assembly Subsystems, Force Aerienne Strategique (France), Foreign Agricultural Service, Forward Acquisition Sensor, Frequency-Agile Subsystem, fueling-at-sea, Persian (Farsi), Fast Access Storage, fetal alcohol syndrome, Федеральная Антимонопольная Служба, (Federal Antimonopoly Service) ФАС (Федеральная Антимонопольная Служба), final assembly schedule15) Университет: Faculty Of Arts And Sciences16) Вычислительная техника: File and Application Server, Flow Admission Service, frame alignment sequence17) Нефть: "свободно вдоль борта"18) Деловая лексика: франко вдоль борта судна (free alongside ship)19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: free alongside sheep20) Сетевые технологии: Firewall Administration System21) ЕБРР: свободно вдоль борта судна в (named port of shipment; указать порт отгрузки)22) Автоматика: flexible assembly system23) Сахалин Р: Federal Aviation Service24) Расширение файла: Compiled program (Macsyma)25) Молекулярная биология: fatty acid synthase26) Должность: Field Of Anthropological Study, Final Average Salary27) Международные перевозки: Free alongside ship (Incoterms) -
24 SF
1) Общая лексика: (сокр. от science fiction) научная фантастика2) Компьютерная техника: Support Facility3) Геология: Shallow Faulting4) Медицина: HGF, hepapoietin A, hepatocyte growth factor, scatter factor, рассеивающий фактор, фактор роста гепатоцитов5) Американизм: Senate File, Short Form6) Спорт: Sets For, Sword And Fist7) Военный термин: Sherwood Foresters, safety factor, safety fuze, salvo fire, scale factor, scouting force, sea frontier, security forces, semifixed, service form, signal flare, slow fire, sound and flash, special facility, special forces, standard form, stock fund, strategic forces, successful flight, sustained fire8) Техника: Starter Foil, safety features, safety function, scattering factor, scattering function, select frequency, select frequency circuit, semiconductor film, separation factor, severity factor, shield factor, silicon film, sound-and-flash, spatial filtering, spent fuel, spontaneous fission, sputtered film, stable failure, superconducting film, straight flange9) Сельское хозяйство: swine fever10) Анатомия: synovial fluid11) Математика: San Fransisco12) Метеорология: Small Fall13) Юридический термин: Subject Fit14) Бухгалтерия: Structural Funds, Surcharge Free15) Грубое выражение: Sick Fucker, Starting Fantasy, Sucker Free16) Политика: South Africa17) Телекоммуникации: Single Frequency, Status Field, Superframe Format (T-1)18) Сокращение: San Francisco, Science Fiction; Speculative Fiction, Signal Frequency, South Africa (NATO country code), Star Frontiers, Subject Field, Supporting Fire, sea flood, slip fit, spot-face, standard frequency19) Университет: The Sophomore Freshman20) Физика: Shield Fusion, Strong Field21) Физиология: Sandals And Feet, Spinal fluid, Superior Feel22) Электроника: Simple Flux, Singular Field, Super Fluorescence23) Вычислительная техника: Switching Fabric, science fiction, sign flag, subframe, superframe, Sign Flag (Assembler), Service Feature (IN), флаг знака24) Литература: НФ (science fiction - научная фантастика)25) Нефть: safety factor on surfaces to be protected by CP, sand fracturing, seals failed, shrinkage factor, surfactants, коэффициент безопасности (safety factor), коэффициент защиты поверхностей, защищённых с помощью катодной защиты, показатель серьёзности (отказа; severity factor)26) Банковское дело: фонд погашения (sinking fund)27) Транспорт: Solid Frame, Starboard Forward28) Пищевая промышленность: Shun Fat, Stimulant Free, Sucrose Formulated29) Фирменный знак: San Fernando Electronics, Small Firm30) Холодильная техника: self-evaporation factor31) СМИ: Speculative Fiction32) Деловая лексика: Scrap Files33) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: square foot (feet), sweet fluid, кв. фут, фут34) Образование: School Food35) Инвестиции: sinking fund36) Сетевые технологии: save fail, sequential file, безопасный сбой, последовательный файл37) Полимеры: self-feeding, semifinished, semiflexible, sliced film, soluble fraction38) Программирование: Semi Floating, Sort Flag, Store And Forward39) Ядерная физика: Separate Function40) Сахалин А: фут[up 2]41) Безопасность: Signature File42) Расширение файла: OS/2 WPS attribute storage, Stopping Factor, IRCAM Sound File43) Нефть и газ: onshore facilities, shore facilities, spread footing, SF MT, SFMT44) Электротехника: safety fuse45) Общественная организация: Sunshine Foundation46) Чат: Supremely Frustrating47) Правительство: Scranton Flats, Sneads Ferry, North Carolina48) NYSE. Stifel Financial Corporation49) НАСА: Structural Foam, Surface Features50) Программное обеспечение: Snazzy File51) Хобби: Scarcely Found52) Федеральное бюро расследований: San Francisco Field Office53) Единицы измерений: Square Feet, Square Foot -
25 SRF
1) Общая лексика: subretinal fluid, субретинальная жидкость3) Медицина: serum response factor4) Военный термин: SIGINT Readiness Facility, Secure Reserve Force, Selected Reserve Force, Standard Reference Files, Strategic Reserve Forces, Summary Reference File, strategic retaliatory forces, strategic rocket force, system recovery factor, SPIRIT Remote Facility (TROJAN), Secure Reserve Force (U.S.), Strategic Rocket Forces (USSR)5) Математика: выборочная функция регрессии (sample regression function)6) Религия: Self Realization Fellowship7) Оптика: self-referenced fringe8) Телекоммуникации: Specifically Routed Frames (Token Ring SR)9) Сокращение: NAFI: a language of Papua New Guinea, Separate Reporting Facility (MODS report abbreviation), Ship Repair Facility, Strategic Rocket Forces, Ракетные войска стратегического назначения10) Физика: Structural Reinforcement Field11) Вычислительная техника: Specifically Routed Frame, specialized resources function, Service Resource Function (IN), Science Research Foundation (organization, UK)12) Иммунология: skin reactive factor13) Фирменный знак: Stoney Ridge Farm14) Энергетика: твердое восстановленное топливо (solid recovered fuel)15) Деловая лексика: Service Request Fax16) Сетевые технологии: status report frame, кадр сообщения о состоянии17) Полимеры: semireinforcing furnace18) Автоматика: search request formulation19) Химическое оружие: Service Response Force20) Расширение файла: Sorter Reader Flow, Sun Raster File Bitmap graphics21) Электротехника: self-resonant frequency22) Общественная организация: Save The Rancor Foundation, Scientific Research Foundation, Scleroderma Research Foundation23) NYSE. Sears Roebuck Acceptance Corporation24) Аэропорты: Hamilton Air Force Base (Hamilton Field), San Rafael, California USA -
26 sf
1) Общая лексика: (сокр. от science fiction) научная фантастика2) Компьютерная техника: Support Facility3) Геология: Shallow Faulting4) Медицина: HGF, hepapoietin A, hepatocyte growth factor, scatter factor, рассеивающий фактор, фактор роста гепатоцитов5) Американизм: Senate File, Short Form6) Спорт: Sets For, Sword And Fist7) Военный термин: Sherwood Foresters, safety factor, safety fuze, salvo fire, scale factor, scouting force, sea frontier, security forces, semifixed, service form, signal flare, slow fire, sound and flash, special facility, special forces, standard form, stock fund, strategic forces, successful flight, sustained fire8) Техника: Starter Foil, safety features, safety function, scattering factor, scattering function, select frequency, select frequency circuit, semiconductor film, separation factor, severity factor, shield factor, silicon film, sound-and-flash, spatial filtering, spent fuel, spontaneous fission, sputtered film, stable failure, superconducting film, straight flange9) Сельское хозяйство: swine fever10) Анатомия: synovial fluid11) Математика: San Fransisco12) Метеорология: Small Fall13) Юридический термин: Subject Fit14) Бухгалтерия: Structural Funds, Surcharge Free15) Грубое выражение: Sick Fucker, Starting Fantasy, Sucker Free16) Политика: South Africa17) Телекоммуникации: Single Frequency, Status Field, Superframe Format (T-1)18) Сокращение: San Francisco, Science Fiction; Speculative Fiction, Signal Frequency, South Africa (NATO country code), Star Frontiers, Subject Field, Supporting Fire, sea flood, slip fit, spot-face, standard frequency19) Университет: The Sophomore Freshman20) Физика: Shield Fusion, Strong Field21) Физиология: Sandals And Feet, Spinal fluid, Superior Feel22) Электроника: Simple Flux, Singular Field, Super Fluorescence23) Вычислительная техника: Switching Fabric, science fiction, sign flag, subframe, superframe, Sign Flag (Assembler), Service Feature (IN), флаг знака24) Литература: НФ (science fiction - научная фантастика)25) Нефть: safety factor on surfaces to be protected by CP, sand fracturing, seals failed, shrinkage factor, surfactants, коэффициент безопасности (safety factor), коэффициент защиты поверхностей, защищённых с помощью катодной защиты, показатель серьёзности (отказа; severity factor)26) Банковское дело: фонд погашения (sinking fund)27) Транспорт: Solid Frame, Starboard Forward28) Пищевая промышленность: Shun Fat, Stimulant Free, Sucrose Formulated29) Фирменный знак: San Fernando Electronics, Small Firm30) Холодильная техника: self-evaporation factor31) СМИ: Speculative Fiction32) Деловая лексика: Scrap Files33) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: square foot (feet), sweet fluid, кв. фут, фут34) Образование: School Food35) Инвестиции: sinking fund36) Сетевые технологии: save fail, sequential file, безопасный сбой, последовательный файл37) Полимеры: self-feeding, semifinished, semiflexible, sliced film, soluble fraction38) Программирование: Semi Floating, Sort Flag, Store And Forward39) Ядерная физика: Separate Function40) Сахалин А: фут[up 2]41) Безопасность: Signature File42) Расширение файла: OS/2 WPS attribute storage, Stopping Factor, IRCAM Sound File43) Нефть и газ: onshore facilities, shore facilities, spread footing, SF MT, SFMT44) Электротехника: safety fuse45) Общественная организация: Sunshine Foundation46) Чат: Supremely Frustrating47) Правительство: Scranton Flats, Sneads Ferry, North Carolina48) NYSE. Stifel Financial Corporation49) НАСА: Structural Foam, Surface Features50) Программное обеспечение: Snazzy File51) Хобби: Scarcely Found52) Федеральное бюро расследований: San Francisco Field Office53) Единицы измерений: Square Feet, Square Foot -
27 srf
1) Общая лексика: subretinal fluid, субретинальная жидкость3) Медицина: serum response factor4) Военный термин: SIGINT Readiness Facility, Secure Reserve Force, Selected Reserve Force, Standard Reference Files, Strategic Reserve Forces, Summary Reference File, strategic retaliatory forces, strategic rocket force, system recovery factor, SPIRIT Remote Facility (TROJAN), Secure Reserve Force (U.S.), Strategic Rocket Forces (USSR)5) Математика: выборочная функция регрессии (sample regression function)6) Религия: Self Realization Fellowship7) Оптика: self-referenced fringe8) Телекоммуникации: Specifically Routed Frames (Token Ring SR)9) Сокращение: NAFI: a language of Papua New Guinea, Separate Reporting Facility (MODS report abbreviation), Ship Repair Facility, Strategic Rocket Forces, Ракетные войска стратегического назначения10) Физика: Structural Reinforcement Field11) Вычислительная техника: Specifically Routed Frame, specialized resources function, Service Resource Function (IN), Science Research Foundation (organization, UK)12) Иммунология: skin reactive factor13) Фирменный знак: Stoney Ridge Farm14) Энергетика: твердое восстановленное топливо (solid recovered fuel)15) Деловая лексика: Service Request Fax16) Сетевые технологии: status report frame, кадр сообщения о состоянии17) Полимеры: semireinforcing furnace18) Автоматика: search request formulation19) Химическое оружие: Service Response Force20) Расширение файла: Sorter Reader Flow, Sun Raster File Bitmap graphics21) Электротехника: self-resonant frequency22) Общественная организация: Save The Rancor Foundation, Scientific Research Foundation, Scleroderma Research Foundation23) NYSE. Sears Roebuck Acceptance Corporation24) Аэропорты: Hamilton Air Force Base (Hamilton Field), San Rafael, California USA -
28 launcher
пусковая установка, ПУ; стартовое сооружение; стартовая позиция; ракета-носитель; гранатомет; катапульта; метательная установка; бомбомет; см. тж. projector, throwergun (and missile) launcher — пушка — ПУ (танка)
— flare cartridge launcher— remote-control operated launcher— vertical launch launcher -
29 clear
1. a ясный, светлый2. a чистый, прозрачный3. a зеркальный4. a отчётливый, ясныйclear terms — ясные, определённые условия
5. a звонкий, отчётливый, чистыйclear days — чистые, полные дни
6. a отчётливый, внятный; чёткий7. a ясный, понятный; не вызывающий сомненийit is clear to me what he is driving at — мне понятно, к чему он клонит
clear cut — четкий; ясно выраженный
8. a светлый, ясный, логический9. a свободный, незанятый; беспрепятственныйclear line — свободный путь; свободный перегон
clear area — свободная область; чистый участок
10. a чистый; здоровыйclean clear coated: ?? — чистое и четкое изображение "СЗ"
11. a полный, целый; весьall clear button — кнопка "все очистить"
12. a абсолютный, совершенный, полный13. a тех. незадевающий; свободно проходящий14. a клер, нешифрованный текстin clear — клером, в незашифрованном виде, открытым текстом
the coast is clear — путь свободен, препятствий нет
15. adv ясно16. adv эмоц. -усил. совсем, совершенно; целиком; начисто17. adv в стороне отto steer clear — избегать, сторониться
18. adv спорт. чисто19. v очищать20. v очищаться, становиться ясным, чистым; делаться прозрачным21. v объяснить, разъяснить, пролить свет22. v освобождать, очищать; убирать, устранять препятствияland cleared for cultivation — земля, расчищенная для посева
23. v оправдывать; очищать от подозренийto clear off — очищать, соскребать
24. v взять, преодолеть препятствие25. v едва не задеть, избежать26. v воен. вывозить, эвакуировать27. v распутывать28. v разгружать29. v заплатить долг, произвести расчёт; оплатить30. v банк. производить клиринг чеков или векселей; производить расчёт по векселям или чекам через расчётную палатуочищать от пошлин; выполнять таможенные формальности
31. v ком. получать чистую прибыль32. v распродавать, устраивать распродажи33. v дать допуск к секретной работе34. v спорт. отбить35. v спец. осветлять; очищать36. v тел. разъединять37. v амер. согласоватьyou must clear your plan with the headquarters — насчёт своего плана вы должны договориться с руководством
38. v расшифровывать, декодироватьto clear the coast — расчистить путь, устранить препятствия
Синонимический ряд:1. apparent (adj.) apparent; evident; explicit; indisputable; manifest; noticeable; obvious; open-and-shut; openhanded; palpable; patent; plain; sharp; straightforward; unambiguous; unequivocal; univocal; unmistakable; unsubtle2. bare (adj.) bare; devoid; empty; stark; vacant; vacuous; void3. bright (adj.) bright; brilliant; crystal-clear; crystalline; limpid; lucid; pellucid; see-through; translucent; transparent4. certain (adj.) alert; assured; certain; convinced; discerning; keen; positive; strong; sure; unconfused5. clear-cut (adj.) clear-cut; crystal; lucent; luculent; luminous; perspicuous; tralucent; translucid; transpicuous; unblurred6. decided (adj.) decided; definite; pronounced; unquestionable7. distinct (adj.) articulate; comprehensible; conspicuous; distinct; intelligible; legible; perceptible; visible8. fair (adj.) calm; clarion; cloudless; fair; fine; pacific; pleasant; quiet; rainless; serene; sunny; sunshine; sunshining; sunshiny; unclouded; undarkened; untroubled9. free (adj.) disengaged; free; limitless; open; unencumbered; unfastened; unfettered; unhampered; unhindered; unimpeded; unobstructed10. innocent (adj.) absolved; acquitted; excused; exonerated; innocent; irreproachable; not guilty; vindicated11. unblemished (adj.) clean; immaculate; pure; smooth; spotless; unblemished; undefiled; unsullied12. unbroken (adj.) faultless; flawless; unbroken; unmarked13. unimpeded (adj.) open; unimpeded; unobstructed14. absolve (verb) absolve; acquit; disculpate; exculpate; excuse; exonerate; pardon; resolve; vindicate15. approve (verb) approve; authorize; sanction16. brighten (verb) break up; brighten; expose; lighten17. burn off (verb) burn off18. clarify (verb) clarify; clear up; elucidate; explain; illuminate; illustrate19. clean (verb) clean; police; spruce; straighten; tidy20. cleanse (verb) blank out; cleanse; erase; expurgate; purge; purify; wash; wipe clean21. clear off (verb) clear off; discharge; liquidate; pay up; quit; satisfy; settle; square22. extricate (verb) clear away; cut away; discumber; disembarrass; disembroil; disencumber; disengage; disentangle; disentwine; extricate; remove obstructions; unentangle; unscramble; untangle; untie; untwine23. free (verb) clean out; drain; empty; evacuate; flush; free; open; unblock; vacate; void24. hurdle (verb) go over; hurdle; jump over; leap; negotiate; over; overleap; surmount; vault25. liberate (verb) emancipate; let go; liberate; set free; set loose; unchain; unfetter26. make (verb) clean up; gain; make; net; profit; realize27. pass (verb) carry; pass28. pay (verb) bring in; draw; earn; gross; pay; produce; realise; repay; return; yield29. remove (verb) abolish; annihilate; blot out; eradicate; exterminate; extinguish; obliterate; remove; root out; rub out; snuff out; stamp out; uproot; wipe out30. rid (verb) lose; release; relieve; rid; shake; shake off; throw off; unburden31. vanish (verb) disappear; evanesce; evanish; evaporate; fade; vanish32. well (other) afond; altogether; completely; entirely; fully; perfectly; quite; right; roundly; thoroughly; utterly; well; whollyАнтонимический ряд:accuse; ambiguous; befoul; clog; cloudy; condemned; confined; confused; contaminate; culpable; dark; deny; dim; disturbed; doubtful; dubious; embarrass; encumber; inaudible; lose; murky; obscure; obstruct; obstructed -
30 aircraft
воздушное судно [суда], атмосферный летательный аппарат [аппараты]; самолёт (ы) ; вертолёты); авиация; авиационный; см. тж. airplane, boostaircraft in the barrier — самолёт, задержанный аварийной (аэродромной) тормозной установкой
aircraft off the line — новый [только что построенный] ЛА
B through F aircraft — самолёты модификаций B, C, D, E и F
carrier(-based, -borne) aircraft — палубный ЛА; авианосная авиация
conventional takeoff and landing aircraft — самолёт с обычными взлетом и посадкой (в отличие от укороченного или вертикального)
keep the aircraft (headed) straight — выдерживать направление полёта ЛА (при выполнении маневра); сохранять прямолинейный полет ЛА
keep the aircraft stalled — сохранять режим срыва [сваливания] самолёта, оставлять самолёт в режиме срыва [сваливания]
nearly wing borne aircraft — верт. ЛА в конце режима перехода к горизонтальному полёту
pull the aircraft off the deck — разг. отрывать ЛА от земли (при взлете)
put the aircraft nose-up — переводить [вводить] ЛА на кабрирование [в режим кабрирования]
put the aircraft through its paces — определять предельные возможности ЛА, «выжимать все из ЛА»
reduced takeoff and landing aircraft — самолёт укороченного взлета и посадки (с укороченным разбегом и пробегом)
rocket(-powered, -propelled) aircraft — ракетный ЛА, ЛА с ракетным двигателем
roll the aircraft into a bank — вводить ЛА в крен, накренять ЛА
rotate the aircraft into the climb — увеличивать угол тангажа ЛА для перехода к набору высоты, переводить ЛА в набор высоты
short takeoff and landing aircraft — самолёт короткого взлета и посадки (с коротким разбегом и пробегом)
single vertical tail aircraft — ЛА с одинарным [центральным] вертикальным оперением
strategic(-mission, -purpose) aircraft — ЛА стратегического назначения; стратегический самолёт
take the aircraft throughout its entire envelope — пилотировать ЛА во всем диапазоне полётных режимов
trim the aircraft to fly hands-and-feet off — балансировать самолёт для полёта с брошенным управлением [с брошенными ручкой и педалями]
turbofan(-engined, -powered) aircraft — ЛА с турбовентиляторными двигателями, ЛА с ТРДД
turbojet(-powered, -propelled) aircraft — ЛА с ТРД
undergraduate navigator training aircraft — учебно-тренировочный самолёт для повышенной лётной подготовки штурманов
water(-based, takeoff and landing) aircraft — гидросамолёт
-
31 FAS
FAS, facility activation schedule————————FAS, facility activity schedule————————FAS, facility air supply————————FAS, factor analysis system————————FAS, field alert status————————FAS, Field Ambulance Service————————FAS, field artillery school————————FAS, field artillery section————————FAS, final asset screen————————FAS, fire-support aerial system————————FAS, flight augmentation system————————FAS, follow-up alarm system————————FAS, force accounting system————————FAS, foreign area specialistспециалист, подготовленный для службы за рубежом в определенном регионе————————FAS, forward acquisition system————————FAS, forward area sector————————FAS, frequency agile system————————FAS, frequency assignment subcommittee————————FAS, fuel augmentation system————————FAS, fully automatic systemполностью автоматическая система [комплекс]English-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > FAS
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32 consumption
[kənˈsʌmpʃən]additional consumption дополнительное потребление conspicious consumption полит.эк. показное потребление consumption потребление consumption расход consumption financed on credit потребление, финансируемое в кредит consumption of goods потребление товаров consumption of materials расход материалов credit financed consumption потребление, финансируемое за счет кредита domestic consumption внутреннее потребление energy consumption потребление энергии excessive consumption перерасход excessive consumption чрезмерное потребление final consumption конечное потребление fuel consumption потребление топлива government consumption государственное потребление heat consumption потребление тепла home consumption выч. внутреннее потребление home consumption полит.эк. потребление внутри страны household consumption домашнее потребление increased consumption возросшее потребление intermediate consumption временное потребление mass consumption массовое потребление media consumption использование средств рекламы minimum consumption минимальное потребление minimum consumption минимальный расход nonbusiness consumption потребление вне сферы экономики own consumption собственное потребление per capita consumption потребление на душу населения personal consumption личное потребление power consumption вчт. потребляемая мощность private consumption личное потребление status consumption потребление престижных товаров
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