-
1 from
[frɔm]prep1) (indicating starting place, origin etc)a letter/telephone call from my sister — list/telefon od mojej siostry
where do you come from? — skąd Pan/Pani pochodzi?
2) (indicating time, distance, range of price, number etc) od +genfrom one o'clock to/until or till two — od (godziny) pierwszej do drugiej
3) (indicating change of price, number etc) z +genthe interest rate was increased from 9% to 10% — oprocentowanie zostało podniesione z 9% na 10%
4) ( indicating difference) od +gento be different from sb/sth — być różnym od kogoś/czegoś or innym niż ktoś/coś
5) (because of, on the basis of) z +genfrom what he says — z tego, co (on) mówi
* * *[from]1) (used before the place, thing, person, time etc that is the point at which an action, journey, period of time etc begins: from Europe to Asia; from Monday to Friday; a letter from her father.) z2) (used to indicate that from which something or someone comes: a quotation from Shakespeare.) z3) (used to indicate separation: Take it from him.) od4) (used to indicate a cause or reason: He is suffering from a cold.) z (powodu) -
2 which
[wɪtʃ] 1. adj1) który2)the train may be late, in which case don't wait up — pociąg może się spóźnić. W takim wypadku nie czekaj na mnie
2. pronwe got there at 8 pm, by which time the cinema was full — dotarliśmy tam o ósmej. Do tego czasu kino było już pełne
1) ( interrogative) który2) ( relative) ( referring to preceding noun) który; ( referring to preceding clause) cothe chair on which you are sitting — krzesło, na którym siedzisz
she said I was late, which was true — powiedziała, że się spóźniłem, co było prawdą
* * *[wi ] 1. adjective, pronoun(used in questions etc when asking someone to point out, state etc one or more persons, things etc from a particular known group: Which (colour) do you like best?; Which route will you travel by?; At which station should I change trains?; Which of the two girls do you like better?; Tell me which books you would like; Let me know which train you'll be arriving on; I can't decide which to choose.) który2. relative pronoun((used to refer to a thing or things mentioned previously to distinguish it or them from others: able to be replaced by that except after a preposition: able to be omitted except after a preposition or when the subject of a clause) (the) one(s) that: This is the book which/that was on the table; This is the book (which/that) you wanted; A scalpel is a type of knife which/that is used by surgeons; The chair (which/that) you are sitting on is broken; The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.) który3. relative adjective, relative pronoun(used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on something: My new car, which I paid several thousand pounds for, is not running well; He said he could speak Russian, which was untrue; My father may have to go into hospital, in which case he won't be going on holiday.) który, co- which is which? - which is which -
3 heat
[hiːt] 1. n( warmth) gorąco nt, ciepło nt; ( temperature) ciepło nt, temperatura f; ( weather) upał m; ( excitement) gorączka f; (also: qualifying heat) wyścig m eliminacyjny2. vtPhrasal Verbs:- heat up* * *[hi:t] 1. noun1) (the amount of hotness (of something), especially of things which are very hot: Test the heat of the water before you bath the baby.) temperatura2) (the warmth from something which is hot: The heat from the fire will dry your coat; the effect of heat on metal; the heat of the sun.) żar3) (the hottest time: the heat of the day.) skwar4) (anger or excitement: He didn't mean to be rude - he just said that in the heat of the moment.) uniesienie, zdenerwowanie5) (in a sports competition etc, one of two or more contests from which the winners go on to take part in later stages of the competition: Having won his heat he is going through to the final.) eliminacja2. verb((sometimes with up) to make or become hot or warm: We'll heat (up) the soup; The day heats up quickly once the sun has risen.) (pod)grzać- heated- heatedly
- heatedness
- heater
- heating
- heat wave
- in/on heat See also:- hot -
4 source
[sɔːs]nźródło ntI have it from a reliable source that … — wiem z wiarygodnego źródła, że …
* * *[so:s]1) (the place, person, circumstance, thing etc from which anything begins or comes: They have discovered the source of the trouble.) źródło2) (the spring from which a river flows: the source of the Nile.) źródło -
5 stem
[stɛm] 1. n( of plant) łodyga f; (of leaf, fruit) szypułka f, ogonek m; ( of glass) nóżka f; ( of pipe) trzon m2. vtPhrasal Verbs:* * *I 1. [stem] noun1) (the part of a plant that grows upward from the root, or the part from which a leaf, flower or fruit grows; a stalk: Poppies have long, hairy, twisting stems.) łodyga2) (the narrow part of various objects, eg of a wine-glass between the bowl and the base: the stem of a wine-glass / of a tobacco-pipe.) trzon3) (the upright piece of wood or metal at the bow of a ship: As the ship struck the rock, she shook from stem to stern.) dziobnica2. verb((with from) to be caused by: Hate sometimes stems from envy.) pochodzić, mieć swoje źródło- - stemmedII [stem] past tense, past participle - stemmed; verb(to stop (a flow, eg of blood).) tamować -
6 egg
[ɛg] 1. njajo nt, jajko nt2. vthard-boiled/soft-boiled egg — jajko na twardo/na miękko
Phrasal Verbs:- egg on* * *I [eɡ] noun1) (an oval object usually covered with shell, laid by a bird, reptile etc, from which a young one is hatched: The female bird is sitting on the eggs in the nest.) jajko2) (such an object laid by a hen, used as food: Would you rather have boiled, fried or scrambled eggs?) jajko3) (in the female mammal, the cell from which the young one is formed; the ovum: The egg is fertilized by the male sperm.) komórka jajowa•- egg-cup- eggplant
- eggshell
- put all one's eggs in one basket
- teach one's grandmother to suck eggs II [eɡ]- egg on -
7 origin
['ɔrɪdʒɪn]n* * *['ori‹in] 1. noun(the place or point from which anything first comes; the cause: the origin(s) of the English language; the origin of the disagreement.) początek, pochodzenie- original2. noun1) (the earliest version: This is the original - all the others are copies.) oryginał2) (a model from which a painting etc is made: She is the original of the famous portrait.) pierwowzór•- originally
- originate
- origins -
8 seed
[siːd]n* * *[si:d] 1. noun1) (the (part of) the fruit of a tree, plant etc from which a new plant may be grown: sunflower seeds; grass seed.) nasienie2) (the beginning from which anything grows: There was already a seed of doubt in her mind.) ziarnko3) ((in a sporting competition etc) a seeded player.) rozstawiony zawodnik2. verb1) ((of a plant) to produce seed: A plant seeds after it has flowered.) (wy)produkować nasiona2) (in golf, tennis etc, to arrange (good players) in a competition so that they do not compete against each other till the later rounds.) rozstawić•- seeded- seedling
- seedy
- seediness
- seedbed
- go to seed -
9 back
[bæk] 1. n( of person) plecy pl; of animal grzbiet m; (of house, car, shirt) tył m; ( of hand) wierzch m; ( of chair) oparcie nt; (FOOTBALL) obrońca m2. vtcandidate popierać (poprzeć perf); ( financially) sponsorować; horse obstawiać (obstawić perf); car cofać (cofnąć perf)Phrasal Verbs:- back out- back up3. vi 4. cpd 5. advback to front — wear tył(em) na przód; know na wylot
to break the back of a job ( BRIT) — wychodzić (wyjść perf) na prostą
to take a back seat ( fig) — usuwać się (usunąć się perf) na drugi plan
* * *[bæk] 1. noun1) (in man, the part of the body from the neck to the bottom of the spine: She lay on her back.) plecy2) (in animals, the upper part of the body: She put the saddle on the horse's back.) grzbiet3) (that part of anything opposite to or furthest from the front: the back of the house; She sat at the back of the hall.) tył4) (in football, hockey etc a player who plays behind the forwards.) pomocnik2. adjective(of or at the back: the back door.) tylny3. adverb1) (to, or at, the place or person from which a person or thing came: I went back to the shop; He gave the car back to its owner.) z powrotem2) (away (from something); not near (something): Move back! Let the ambulance get to the injured man; Keep back from me or I'll hit you!) daleko, dalej3) (towards the back (of something): Sit back in your chair.) do tyłu4) (in return; in response to: When the teacher is scolding you, don't answer back.) w odpowiedzi, z powrotem5) (to, or in, the past: Think back to your childhood.) w przeszłość4. verb1) (to (cause to) move backwards: He backed (his car) out of the garage.) cofać2) (to help or support: Will you back me against the others?) popierać3) (to bet or gamble on: I backed your horse to win.) stawiać na•- backer- backbite
- backbiting
- backbone
- backbreaking
- backdate
- backfire
- background
- backhand 5. adverb(using backhand: She played the stroke backhand; She writes backhand.) bekhendem, pochyło, pochyłym pismem- backlog- back-number
- backpack
- backpacking: go backpacking
- backpacker
- backside
- backslash
- backstroke
- backup
- backwash
- backwater
- backyard
- back down
- back of
- back on to
- back out
- back up
- have one's back to the wall
- put someone's back up
- take a back seat -
10 hide
[haɪd] 1. nskóra f ( zwierzęca); ( of birdwatcher etc) stanowisko nt (obserwacyjne)2. vt; pt hid, pp hiddenobject, person ukrywać (ukryć perf), chować (schować perf); feeling ukrywać (ukryć perf), skrywać; sun, view zasłaniać (zasłonić perf)3. vi; pt hid, pp hiddento hide (from sb) — ukrywać się (ukryć się perf) or chować się (schować się perf) (przed kimś)
to hide sth (from sb) — ukrywać (ukryć perf) coś (przed kimś)
* * *I 1. past tense - hid; verb(to put (a person, thing etc) in a place where it cannot be seen or easily found: I'll hide the children's presents; You hide, and I'll come and look for you; She hid from her father; He tries to hide his feelings.) ukrywać (się)2. noun(a small concealed hut etc from which birds etc can be watched, photographed etc.) kryjówka- hidden- hide-and-seek
- hide-out- hidingII noun(the skin of an animal: He makes coats out of animal hides; cow-hide.) skóra- hiding -
11 negative
['nɛgətɪv] 1. adj 2. n ( PHOT)to answer in the negative — odpowiadać (odpowiedzieć perf) przecząco
* * *['neɡətiv] 1. adjective1) (meaning or saying `no'; denying something: a negative answer.) przeczący2) (expecting to fail: a negative attitude.) pesymistyczny, negatywny3) (less than zero: -4 is a negative or minus number.) ujemny4) (having more electrons than normal: The battery has a negative and a positive terminal.) ujemny2. noun1) (a word etc by which something is denied: `No' and `never' are negatives.) przeczenie2) (the photographic film, from which prints are made, on which light and dark are reversed: I gave away the print, but I still have the negative.) negatyw• -
12 east
[iːst] 1. nwschód m2. adj 3. advthe East — (Orient, Eastern Europe) Wschód m
* * *[i:st] 1. noun1) (the direction from which the sun rises, or any part of the earth lying in that direction: The wind is blowing from the east; The village is to the east of Canton; in the east of England.) wschód2) ((also E) one of the four main points of the compass: He took a direction 10° E of N / east of north.) wschód2. adjective1) (in the east: the east coast.) wschodni2) (from the direction of the east: an east wind.) wschodni3. adverb(towards the east: The house faces east.) na wschód- easterly- eastern
- easternmost
- eastward
- eastwards
- eastward
- the East -
13 pump
[pʌmp] 1. npompa f; ( for bicycle) pompka f; ( petrol pump) dystrybutor m (paliwa), pompa f benzynowa; ( shoe) czółenko nt2. vtPhrasal Verbs:- pump up* * *1. noun1) (a machine for making water etc rise from under the ground: Every village used to have a pump from which everyone drew their water.) pompa2) (a machine or device for forcing liquid or gas into, or out of, something: a bicycle pump (for forcing air into the tyres).) pomp(k)a2. verb1) (to raise or force with a pump: Oil is being pumped out of the ground.) pompować2) (to get information from by asking questions: He tried to pump me about the exam.) podpytać•- pump up -
14 flower
['flauə(r)] 1. nkwiat m2. vi* * *1. noun(the part of a plant or tree from which fruit or seed grows, often brightly coloured and sometimes including the stem on which it grows: a bunch of flowers.) kwiat2. verb((of plants etc) to produce flowers: This plant flowers in early May.) rozkwitać- flowered- flowery
- flower-bed
- flower-pot
- in flower -
15 mine
I pronII 1. n 2. vta friend of mine — (pewien) (mój) kolega m /(pewna) (moja) koleżanka f
* * *I pronoun(something which belongs to me: Are these pencils yours or mine? He is a friend of mine (= one of my friends).) mój, moja, moje itd.II 1. noun1) (a place (usually underground) from which metals, coal, salt etc are dug: a coalmine; My father worked in the mines.) kopalnia2) (a type of bomb used underwater or placed just beneath the surface of the ground: The ship has been blown up by a mine.) mina2. verb1) (to dig (for metals etc) in a mine: Coal is mined near here.) wydobywać2) (to place explosive mines in: They've mined the mouth of the river.) zaminowywać3) (to blow up with mines: His ship was mined.) wysadzić w powietrze za pomocą min•- miner- mining
- minefield -
16 original
[ə'rɪdʒɪnl] 1. adj( first) pierwotny, pierwszy; ( genuine) oryginalny, autentyczny; ( imaginative) oryginalny2. noryginał m, autentyk m* * *[ə'ri-]1) (existing at the beginning; first: This part of the house is new but the rest is original.) początkowy, pierwotny2) ((able to produce ideas which are) new, fresh or not thought of before: original ideas; He has a very original mind.) oryginalny3) ((of a painting etc) by the artist etc, from which copies may be made: The original painting is in the museum, but there are hundreds of copies.) autentyczny -
17 petroleum
-
18 runway
-
19 studio
['stjuːdɪəu]n (TV etc)studio nt; ( sculptor's etc) pracownia f, atelier nt inv* * *['stju:diəu]plural - studios; noun1) (the workroom of an artist or photographer.) pracownia, studio2) ((often plural) a place in which cinema films are made: This film was made at Ramrod Studios.) studio3) (a room from which radio or television programmes are broadcast: a television studio.) studio -
20 corner
['kɔːnə(r)] 1. n( outside) róg m; ( inside) kąt m, róg m; ( in road) zakręt m, róg m; (FOOTBALL) (also: corner kick) rzut m rożny, róg m (inf); (BOXING) narożnik m2. vt 3. vicar brać zakrętyto cut corners ( fig) — iść (pójść perf) na łatwiznę
* * *['ko:nə] 1. noun1) (a point where two lines, walls, roads etc meet: the corners of a cube; the corner of the street.) róg2) (a place, usually a small quiet place: a secluded corner.) zakątek3) (in football, a free kick from the corner of the field: We've been awarded a corner.) rzut rożny2. verb1) (to force (a person or animal) into a place from which it is difficult to escape: The thief was cornered in an alley.) osaczać2) (to turn a corner: He cornered on only three wheels; This car corners very well.) brać zakręt(y)•- cornered- cut corners
- turn the corner
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