-
1 from
[frɔm]prep1) (indicating starting place, origin etc)a letter/telephone call from my sister — list/telefon od mojej siostry
where do you come from? — skąd Pan/Pani pochodzi?
2) (indicating time, distance, range of price, number etc) od +genfrom one o'clock to/until or till two — od (godziny) pierwszej do drugiej
3) (indicating change of price, number etc) z +genthe interest rate was increased from 9% to 10% — oprocentowanie zostało podniesione z 9% na 10%
4) ( indicating difference) od +gento be different from sb/sth — być różnym od kogoś/czegoś or innym niż ktoś/coś
5) (because of, on the basis of) z +genfrom what he says — z tego, co (on) mówi
* * *[from]1) (used before the place, thing, person, time etc that is the point at which an action, journey, period of time etc begins: from Europe to Asia; from Monday to Friday; a letter from her father.) z2) (used to indicate that from which something or someone comes: a quotation from Shakespeare.) z3) (used to indicate separation: Take it from him.) od4) (used to indicate a cause or reason: He is suffering from a cold.) z (powodu) -
2 go from bad to worse
(to get into an even worse condition etc than before: Things are going from bad to worse for the firm - not only are we losing money but there's going to be a strike as well.) pogarszać się -
3 long
[lɔŋ] 1. adj 2. adv 3. viso/as long as — ( on condition that) pod warunkiem, że; ( while) jak długo, dopóki
long before — na długo przed +instr
long after — długo po +loc
the long and the short of it is that … — krótko mówiąc, …
* * *I 1. [loŋ] adjective1) (measuring a great distance from one end to the other: a long journey; a long road; long legs.) długi2) (having a great period of time from the first moment to the last: The book took a long time to read; a long conversation; a long delay.) długi3) (measuring a certain amount in distance or time: The wire is two centimetres long; The television programme was just over an hour long.) długi na..., o długości...4) (away, doing or using something etc for a great period of time: Will you be long?) nieobecny przez dłuższy czas5) (reaching to a great distance in space or time: She has a long memory) długi2. adverb1) (a great period of time: This happened long before you were born.) na długo2) (for a great period of time: Have you been waiting long?) długo•- longways- long-distance
- long-drawn-out
- longhand
- long house
- long jump
- long-playing record
- long-range
- long-sighted
- long-sightedness
- long-suffering
- long-winded
- as long as / so long as
- before very long
- before long
- in the long run
- the long and the short of it
- no longer
- so long! II [loŋ] verb((often with for) to wish very much: He longed to go home; I am longing for a drink.) pragnąć, wzdychać do, tęsknić- longing- longingly -
4 first
[fəːst] 1. adj 2. adv( before anyone else) (jako) pierwszy; ( before other things) najpierw; ( when listing reasons) po pierwsze; ( for the first time) po raz pierwszy3. n ( AUT)pierwszy bieg m, jedynka f (inf); ( BRIT, SCOL) dyplom ukończenia studiów z najwyższą ocenąat first — najpierw, z początku
to put sb/sth first — stawiać (postawić perf) kogoś/coś na pierwszym miejscu
* * *[fə:st] 1. adjective, adverb(before all others in place, time or rank: the first person to arrive; The boy spoke first.) (jako) pierwszy2. adverb(before doing anything else: `Shall we eat now?' `Wash your hands first!) najpierw3. noun(the person, animal etc that does something before any other person, animal etc: the first to arrive.) pierwszy- firstly- first aid
- first-born
- first-class
- first-hand
- first-rate
- at first
- at first hand
- first and foremost
- first of all -
5 day
[deɪ]n( as opposed to night) dzień m; ( twenty-four hours) doba f, dzień m; ( heyday) czas m, dni plthe day before/after — poprzedniego/następnego dnia, dzień wcześniej/później
(on) the day that … — w dniu, kiedy …
* * *[dei] 1. noun1) (the period from sunrise to sunset: She worked all day; The days are warm but the nights are cold.) dzień2) (a part of this period eg that part spent at work: How long is your working day?; The school day ends at 3 o'clock; I see him every day.) dzień3) (the period of twenty-four hours from one midnight to the next: How many days are in the month of September?) dzień4) ((often in plural) the period of, or of the greatest activity, influence, strength etc of (something or someone): in my grandfather's day; in the days of steam-power.) dzień•- daybreak- day-dream 2. verbShe often day-dreams.)- daylight- day school
- daytime
- call it a day
- day by day
- day in
- day out
- make someone's day
- one day
- some day
- the other day -
6 shrink
[ʃrɪŋk] 1. pt shrank, pp shrunk, vi 2. n ( inf)( pej) psychiatra m* * *I [ʃriŋk] verb1) (to (cause material, clothes etc to) become smaller: My jersey shrank in the wash; Do they shrink the material before they make it up into clothes?) kurczyć się2) (to move back in fear, disgust etc (from): She shrank (back) from the man.) cofać się3) (to wish to avoid something unpleasant: I shrank from telling him the terrible news.) wstrzymywać się•- shrunken II [ʃriŋk] noun((slang) a psychiatrist.) psychiatra -
7 hear
[hɪə(r)]pt, pp heard, vtsound, information słyszeć (usłyszeć perf); lecture, concert słuchać (wysłuchać perf) +gen; orchestra, player słuchać (posłuchać perf) +gen; ( JUR) case rozpoznawać (rozpoznać perf)have you heard about …? — (czy) słyszałeś o +loc ?
Phrasal Verbs:- hear out* * *[hiə]past tense, past participle - heard; verb1) (to (be able to) receive (sounds) by ear: I don't hear very well; Speak louder - I can't hear you; I didn't hear you come in.) słyszeć2) (to listen to for some purpose: A judge hears court cases; Part of a manager's job is to hear workers' complaints.) słuchać3) (to receive information, news etc, not only by ear: I've heard that story before; I hear that you're leaving; `Have you heard from your sister?' `Yes, I got a letter from her today'; I've never heard of him - who is he? This is the first I've heard of the plan.) dowiadywać się, mieć wiadomości•- hearing- hearing-aid
- hearsay
- hear! hear!
- I
- he will
- would not hear of -
8 heat
[hiːt] 1. n( warmth) gorąco nt, ciepło nt; ( temperature) ciepło nt, temperatura f; ( weather) upał m; ( excitement) gorączka f; (also: qualifying heat) wyścig m eliminacyjny2. vtPhrasal Verbs:- heat up* * *[hi:t] 1. noun1) (the amount of hotness (of something), especially of things which are very hot: Test the heat of the water before you bath the baby.) temperatura2) (the warmth from something which is hot: The heat from the fire will dry your coat; the effect of heat on metal; the heat of the sun.) żar3) (the hottest time: the heat of the day.) skwar4) (anger or excitement: He didn't mean to be rude - he just said that in the heat of the moment.) uniesienie, zdenerwowanie5) (in a sports competition etc, one of two or more contests from which the winners go on to take part in later stages of the competition: Having won his heat he is going through to the final.) eliminacja2. verb((sometimes with up) to make or become hot or warm: We'll heat (up) the soup; The day heats up quickly once the sun has risen.) (pod)grzać- heated- heatedly
- heatedness
- heater
- heating
- heat wave
- in/on heat See also:- hot -
9 of
[ɔvˌ əv]prep1) ( usu)2) (from, out of) z +gen3) ( about) o +loc4) (indicating source, direction) od +gen* * *[əv]1) (belonging to: a friend of mine.)2) (away from (a place etc); after (a given time): within five miles of London; within a year of his death.) od3) (written etc by: the plays of Shakespeare.) autorstwa...4) (belonging to or forming a group: He is one of my friends.) z5) (showing: a picture of my father.)6) (made from; consisting of: a dress of silk; a collection of pictures.) z7) (used to show an amount, measurement of something: a gallon of petrol; five bags of coal.)8) (about: an account of his work.)9) (containing: a box of chocolates.)10) (used to show a cause: She died of hunger.) z, od11) (used to show a loss or removal: She was robbed of her jewels.) z12) (used to show the connection between an action and its object: the smoking of a cigarette.)13) (used to show character, qualities etc: a man of courage.) pełen..., z...14) ((American) (of time) a certain number of minutes before (the hour): It's ten minutes of three.) przed -
10 pass
[pɑːs] 1. vttime spędzać (spędzić perf); salt, glass etc podawać (podać perf); place, person mijać (minąć perf); car wyprzedzać (wyprzedzić perf); exam zdawać (zdać perf); law uchwalać (uchwalić perf); proposal przyjmować (przyjąć perf); ( fig) limit, mark przekraczać (przekroczyć perf)Phrasal Verbs:- pass by- pass for- pass on- pass out- pass up2. viperson przechodzić (przejść perf); ( in exam etc) zdawać (zdać perf); time mijać (minąć perf); vehicle przejeżdżać (przejechać perf)3. n( permit) przepustka f; ( in mountains) przełęcz f; (SPORT) podanie ntto get a pass in ( SCOL) — otrzymywać (otrzymać perf) zaliczenie z +gen
to make a pass at sb ( inf) — przystawiać się do kogoś (inf)
* * *1. verb1) (to move towards and then beyond (something, by going past, through, by, over etc): I pass the shops on my way to work; The procession passed along the corridor.) przechodzić2) (to move, give etc from one person, state etc to another: They passed the photographs around; The tradition is passed (on/down) from father to son.) przekazywać, podawać3) (to go or be beyond: This passes my understanding.) przechodzić, być ponad4) ((of vehicles etc on a road) to overtake: The sports car passed me at a dangerous bend in the road.) wyprzedzać5) (to spend (time): They passed several weeks in the country.) spędzać6) ((of an official group, government etc) to accept or approve: The government has passed a resolution.) uchwalić7) (to give or announce (a judgement or sentence): The magistrate passed judgement on the prisoner.) wydać wyrok8) (to end or go away: His sickness soon passed.) minąć, przejść9) (to (judge to) be successful in (an examination etc): I passed my driving test.) zdać2. noun1) (a narrow path between mountains: a mountain pass.) przełęcz2) (a ticket or card allowing a person to do something, eg to travel free or to get in to a building: You must show your pass before entering.) przepustka3) (a successful result in an examination, especially when below a distinction, honours etc: There were ten passes and no fails.) zdanie egzaminu, pozytywna ocena4) ((in ball games) a throw, kick, hit etc of the ball from one player to another: The centre-forward made a pass towards the goal.) podanie•- passable- passing
- passer-by
- password
- in passing
- let something pass
- let pass
- pass as/for
- pass away
- pass the buck
- pass by
- pass off
- pass something or someone off as
- pass off as
- pass on
- pass out
- pass over
- pass up -
11 shut off
vt* * *1) (to stop an engine working, a liquid flowing etc: I'll need to shut the gas off before I repair the fire.) odłączać, wyłączać2) (to keep away (from); to make separate (from): He shut himself off from the rest of the world.) izolować (się) -
12 appearance
[ə'pɪərəns]nto put in/make an appearance — pokazywać się (pokazać się perf)
to keep up appearances — zachowywać (zachować perf) pozory
* * *1) (what can be seen (of a person, thing etc): From his appearance he seemed very wealthy.) wygląd2) (the act of coming into view or coming into a place: The thieves ran off at the sudden appearance of two policemen.) pojawienie się3) (the act of coming before or presenting oneself/itself before the public or a judge etc: his first appearance on the stage.) ukazanie się -
13 that
[ðætˌ ðət] 1. adj( demonstrative) ten; (in contrast to ‘this’ or to indicate (greater) distance) tamtenthat man/woman/chair — ten mężczyzna/ta kobieta/to krzesło
2. pron, pl thosethat one over there — tamten, ten tam (inf)
1) ( demonstrative) to nt; (in contrast to ‘this’ or referring to something (more) distant) tamto ntwho's/what's that? — kto/co to (jest)?
2) ( relative) który; (after ‘all’, ‘anything’ etc) cothe man (that) I saw — człowiek, którego widziałem
the people (that) I spoke to — ludzie, z którymi rozmawiałem
all (that) I have — wszystko, co mam
3. conjthe day (that) he came — tego dnia, kiedy or gdy przyszedł
że, iż (fml)he thought that I was ill — myślał, że jestem chory
4. advshe suggested that I phone you — poradziła mi, żebym do ciebie zadzwonił
(+adjective) (aż) tak or taki; (+adverb) (aż) takI didn't realize it was that bad — nie zdawałam sobie sprawy, że jest (aż) tak źle
* * *1. [ðæt] plural - those; adjective(used to indicate a person, thing etc spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: Don't take this book - take that one; At that time, I was living in Italy; When are you going to return those books?) tamten2. pronoun(used to indicate a thing etc, or (in plural or with the verb be) person or people, spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: What is that you've got in your hand?; Who is that?; That is the Prime Minister; Those present at the concert included the composer and his wife.) to, tamto3. [ðət, ðæt] relative pronoun(used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned in a preceding clause in order to distinguish it from others: Where is the parcel that arrived this morning?; Who is the man (that) you were talking to?) który4. [ðət, ðæt] conjunction1) ((often omitted) used to report what has been said etc or to introduce other clauses giving facts, reasons, results etc: I know (that) you didn't do it; I was surprised (that) he had gone.) że2) (used to introduce expressions of sorrow, wishes etc: That I should be accused of murder!; Oh, that I were with her now!) że(by)5. adverb(so; to such an extent: I didn't realize she was that ill.) aż tak- that's that -
14 then
[ðɛn] 1. adv( at that time) wtedy, wówczas; ( next) następnie, potem2. conj 3. adjfrom then on — od tego czasu, od tamtej chwili or pory
what do you want me to do then? — ( afterwards) co chcesz, żebym zrobił potem?; ( in that case) co w takim razie chcesz, żebym zrobił?
the importance of education, then, … — tak więc, znaczenie wykształcenia …
* * *[ðen] 1. adverb1) (at that time in the past or future: I was at school then; If you're coming next week, I'll see you then.) wtedy2) (used with prepositions to mean that time in the past or future: John should be here by then; I'll need you before then; I have been ill since then; Until then; Goodbye till then!) wtedy3) (after that: I had a drink, (and) then I went home.) później, potem4) (in that case: He might not give us the money and then what would we do?) w takim razie5) (often used especially at the end of sentences in which an explanation, opinion etc is asked for, or which show surprise etc: What do you think of that, then?) w takim razie, więc6) (also; in addition: I have two brothers, and then I have a cousin in America.) oprócz tego2. conjunction(in that case; as a result: If you're tired, then you must rest.) to, zatem3. adjective(at that time (in the past): the then Prime Minister.) ówczesny -
15 cry
[kraɪ] 1. viPhrasal Verbs:- cry off2. nto cry for help — wołać (zawołać perf) o pomoc
this is a far cry from … ( fig) — daleko temu do +gen
* * *1. verb1) (to let tears come from the eyes; to weep: She cried when she heard of the old man's death.) płakać2) ((often with out) to shout out (a loud sound): She cried out for help.) krzyczeć2. noun1) (a shout: a cry of triumph.) okrzyk2) (a time of weeping: The baby had a little cry before he went to sleep.) płacz3) (the sound made by some animals: the cry of a wolf.) nawoływanie, zew•- cry off -
16 drink
[drɪŋk] 1. n 2. vt; pt drank, pp drunkpić, wypijać (wypić perf)3. vi; pt drank, pp drunka (hot/cold) drink — coś (ciepłego/zimnego) do picia
cold/hot drinks — ( on menu etc) napoje zimne/gorące
to have a drink — napić się ( perf)
Phrasal Verbs:- drink in* * *[driŋk] 1. past tense - drank; verb1) (to swallow (a liquid): She drank a pint of water; He drank from a bottle.) pić2) (to take alcoholic liquids, especially in too great a quantity.) pić2. noun1) ((an act of drinking) a liquid suitable for swallowing: He had/took a drink of water; Lemonade is a refreshing drink.) napój2) ((a glassful etc of) alcoholic liquor: He likes a drink when he returns home from work; Have we any drink in the house?) trunek•- drink in- drink to / drink to the health of
- drink to / drink the health of
- drink up -
17 emerge
[ɪ'məːdʒ]vito emerge from — (room, imprisonment) wychodzić (wyjść perf) z +gen; (sleep, reverie) ocknąć się ( perf) z +gen; (discussion, investigation) wyłaniać się (wyłonić się perf) z +gen
it emerges that … ( BRIT) — okazuje się, że …
* * *[i'mə:‹]1) (to come out; to come into view: The swimmer emerged from the water; He was already thirty before his artistic talent emerged.) wynurzać/wyławiać się2) (to become known: It emerged that they had had a disagreement.) wyjść na jaw•- emergent -
18 judge
[dʒʌdʒ] 1. n ( JUR) 2. vtcompetition, match sędziować; ( estimate) określać (określić perf), oceniać (ocenić perf); ( evaluate) oceniać; ( consider) uznawać (uznać perf) za +acc3. viwydawać (wydać perf) opinięjudging/to judge by his expression — sądząc z jego wyrazu twarzy
* * *1. verb1) (to hear and try (cases) in a court of law: Who will be judging this murder case?) sądzić2) (to decide which is the best in a competition etc: Is she going to judge the singing competition again?; Who will be judging the vegetables at the flower show?; Who is judging at the horse show?) sędziować3) (to consider and form an idea of; to estimate: You can't judge a man by his appearance; Watch how a cat judges the distance before it jumps; She couldn't judge whether he was telling the truth.) oceniać4) (to criticize for doing wrong: We have no right to judge him - we might have done the same thing ourselves.) osądzać2. noun1) (a public officer who hears and decides cases in a law court: The judge asked if the jury had reached a verdict.) sędzia2) (a person who decides which is the best in a competition etc: The judge's decision is final (= you cannot argue with the judge's decision); He was asked to be on the panel of judges at the beauty contest.) sędzia3) (a person who is skilled at deciding how good etc something is: He says she's honest, and he's a good judge of character; He seems a very fine pianist to me, but I'm no judge.) znawca•- judgement- judgment
- judging from / to judge from
- pass judgement on
- pass judgement -
19 land
[lænd] 1. n( area of open ground) ziemia f; (property, estate) ziemia f, grunty pl; ( as opposed to sea) ląd m; ( country) kraj m, ziemia f ( literary)2. vi ( lit, fig) 3. vtto go/travel by land — jechać (pojechać perf)/podróżować lądem
to land on one's feet ( fig) — spadać (spaść perf) na cztery łapy (inf)
to land sb with sth ( inf) — zwalać (zwalić perf) komuś coś na głowę (inf)
Phrasal Verbs:- land up* * *[lænd] 1. noun1) (the solid part of the surface of the Earth which is covered by the sea: We had been at sea a week before we saw land.) ląd2) (a country: foreign lands.) kraina3) (the ground or soil: He never made any money at farming as his land was poor and stony.) ziemia4) (an estate: He owns land/lands in Scotland.) ziemia2. verb1) (to come or bring down from the air upon the land: The plane landed in a field; They managed to land the helicopter safely; She fell twenty feet, but landed without injury.) lądować2) (to come or bring from the sea on to the land: After being at sea for three months, they landed at Plymouth; He landed the big fish with some help.) dobić do brzegu, wydobyć na brzeg3) (to (cause to) get into a particular (usually unfortunate) situation: Don't drive so fast - you'll land (yourself) in hospital/trouble!) wylądować•[-rouvə]
(a type of strong motor vehicle used for driving over rough ground.)
(typ samochodu terenowego)- landing- landing-gear
- landing-stage
- landlocked
- landlord
- landmark
- land mine
- landowner
- landslide
- landslide victory
- landslide
- landslide defeat
- land up
- land with
- see how the land lies -
20 quote
[kwəut] 1. n( from book etc) cytat m; ( estimate) wycena f- quotes2. vtquote … unquote — cytuję … koniec cytatu
* * *[kwəut]1) (to repeat the exact words of a person as they were said or written: to quote Shakespeare / Shakespeare's words / from Shakespeare, `Is this a dagger which I see before me?') (za)cytować2) (to name (a price).) podać (cenę)3) (to mention or state in support of an argument: to quote an example.) przytoczyć•- quotation marks
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