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61 Jablochkoff, Paul

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Public utilities

[br]

b. 14 September 1847 Serdobsk, Russia

d. April 1894 St Petersburg, Russia

[br]

Russian military engineer and inventor of an electric "candle", the invention of which gave an immense impetus to electric lighting in the 1870s.

[br]

Jablochkoff studied at the Military Engineering College in St Petersburg. Having a scientific bent, he was sent to the Military Galvano Technical School. At the end of his military service in 1871 he was appointed Director General of the Moscow-Kursk telegraph lines for the Midi Railway Company. At this time he began to develop an interest in electric lighting, and in 1875 he left the Imperial Telegraph Service to devote his time exclusively to scientific pursuits. He found employment at the workshop of M Bréguet in Paris, where Gramme dynamos and Serrin arc lamps were being constructed. After some experimentation he found a means of producing a carbon arc that regulated itself without any mechanism. This lamp, the Jablochkoff candle, with two carbon rods placed parallel to each other and so close that an arc formed at the ends, could continue to burn until the rods were consumed. Plaster of Paris was used to separate the two electrodes and crumbled away as the carbon burned, thus exposing fresh carbon. These lamps were used in May 1878 in Paris to illuminate the avenue de l'Opéra, and later in Rome and London, and in essence were the first practical electric street lighting. Since there was no regulating mechanism, several candles could be placed in a single circuit. Despite inherent defects, such as the inability to restart the lamps after they were extinguished by wind or interruption of supply, they remained in use for some purposes for several years on account of their simplicity and cheapness. In 1877 Jablochkoff obtained the earliest patent to employ transformers to distribute current in an alternating-current circuit.

[br]

Bibliography

11 September 1876, British patent no. 3,552 (Jablochkoff's candle).

22 May 1877, British patent no. 1,996 (transformer or induction coil distribution).

Further Reading

W.J.King, 1962, The Development of Electrical Technology in the 19th Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, Paper 30, pp. 393–407 (a detailed account). W.E.Langdon, 1877, "On a new form of electric light", Journal of the Society of

Telegraph Engineers 6:303–19 (an early report on Jablochkoffs system).

Engineering (1878) 26:125–7.

GW

Biographical history of technology > Jablochkoff, Paul
62 К-237

ПОД КОНЕЦ PrepP Invar adv
1. \К-237 (чего) when sth. is approaching its conclusion

toward (near) the end (of sth.).

В начале следствия, как заметил О. М(андельштам), следователь держался гораздо агрессивнее, чем под конец (Мандельштам 1). At the beginning of the interrogation, M(andelstam) noticed, the interrogator had behaved much more agressively than toward the end (1a).

2. used to introduce the final event in a series

in the end
finally.
Их обгоняли конные, и Прохор, не выдержав, останавливал проезжавших, здоровался, спрашивал, куда едут... под конец говорил: «Зря едете» (Шолохов 5). If anyone on horseback overtook them, he (Prokhor) could not resist stopping him with a greeting and asking where they were heading for...and in the end he would say, "You're making a mistake to go on" (5a).

Года три-четыре по смерти второй жены он (Фёдор Павлович) отправился на юг России и под конец очутился в Одессе, где и прожил сряду несколько лет (Достоевский 1). Three or four years after his second wife's death, he (Fyodor Pavlovich) set off for the south of Russia and finally wound up in Odessa, where he lived for several years in a row... (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > К-237
63 под конец

• ПОД КОНЕЦ

[PrepP; Invar; adv]

=====

1. под конец (чего) when sth. is approaching its conclusion:

- toward (near) the end (of sth.).

     ♦ В начале следствия, как заметил О. М[андельштам], следователь держался гораздо агрессивнее, чем под конец (Мандельштам 1). At the beginning of the interrogation, M[andelstam] noticed, the interrogator had behaved much more agressively than toward the end (1a).

2. used to introduce the final event in a series:

- in the end;

- finally.

     ♦ Их обгоняли конные, и Прохор, не выдержав, останавливал проезжавших, здоровался, спрашивал, куда едут... под конец говорил: "Зря едете" (Шолохов 5). If anyone on horseback overtook them, he [Prokhor] could not resist stopping him with a greeting and asking where they were heading for...and in the end he would say, "You're making a mistake to go on" (5a).

     ♦ Года три-четыре по смерти второй жены он [Фёдор Павлович] отправился на юг России и под конец очутился в Одессе, где и прожил сряду несколько лет (Достоевский 1). Three or four years after his second wife's death, he [Fyodor Pavlovich] set off for the south of Russia and finally wound up in Odessa, where he lived for several years in a row... (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > под конец
64 दशन् _daśan

दशन् Num. a. (pl.) Ten; स भूमिं विश्वतो वृत्वा अत्य- तिष्ठद्दशाङ्गुलम् Rv.1.9.1.

-Comp. -अङ्गुल a. ten fingers long; Ms.8.271.

(-लम्) 1 a length of 1 fingers; Rv.1.9.1.

-2 a water-melon.

-अधिपतिः a commander of ten men. Mb.12.

-अर्ध a. five, (

-र्धम्) five; अण्व्यो मात्रा विनाशिन्यो दशार्धानां तु याः स्मृताः Ms.1.27. (

-र्धः) an epithet of Buddha.

-अर्हः 1 an epithet of Krisna or Visnu.

-2 Buddha.

-अवताराः m. (pl.) the ten incarnations of Viṣṇu; see under अवतार.

- अवर a. consisting of at least ten; दशावरा वा परिषद्यं धर्मं परिकल्पयेत् Ms.12.11.

-अश्वः the moon.

-आननः, -आस्यः epithets of Rāvaṇā; दशाननकिरीटेभ्यस्तत्क्षणं राक्षसप्रियः R.1.75.

-आमयः an epithet of Rudra.

-इन्द्रियाणि The five कर्मेन्द्रियs and five ज्ञानेन्द्रियs.

-ईशः a superintendent of 1 villages; Ms.7.116.

-एकादशिक a. who lends 1 and re- ceives 11 in return; i. e. who lends money at ten per cent.

-कण्ठः, -कन्धरः epithets of Rāvaṇa; सप्तलोकैकवीरस्य दशकण्ठ- कुलद्विषः U.4.27. ˚अरिः, ˚जित् m., ˚रिपुः epithets of Rāma; दशकण्ठारिगुरुं विदुर्बुधाः R.8.29.

-कर्मन् n. the ten ceremo- nies prescribed to the three twice-born classes.

-कुमार- चरितम् a prose work by Dandin.

-क्षीर a. mixed with 1 parts of milk.

-गुण a. ten-fold, ten times larger.

-गुणित a. multiplied by 1; दशगुणितमिव प्राप्तवान् वीरधर्मम B. R.9.53.

-ग्रन्थाः (pl.) संहिता, ब्राह्मण, आरण्यक, शिक्षा, कल्प, व्याकरण, निघण्टु, छन्द and निरुक्त; hence

दशग्रन्थिन् = A person who has learnt by heart all these ten books.

-ग्रामपतिः, -ग्रामिकः, -ग्रामिन् m.,

-पः a superintendent of ten villages.

-ग्रामी a collection or corporation of ten villages.

-ग्रीवः = दशकण्ठ q.v.

-चतुष्कम् N. of a sport; Sinhās.27.

-धर्मः unfavourable condition, distress; अभ्यस्तो बहुभिर्बाणैर्दशधर्मगतेन वै Mb.7.147.2. (see com.).

-पारमिताध्वरः 'possessing the ten perfec- tions', an epithet of Buddha.

-पुरम् N. of an ancient city, capital of king Rantideva; पात्रीकुर्वन्दशपुरवधूनेत्रकौतू- हलानाम् Me.49.

-बन्धः a tenth part; Ms.8.17; also

˚बन्धक; Y.2.76.

-बलः, -भूमिगः epithets of Buddha.

-बाहुः an epithet of Śiva.

-भुजा, -महाविद्या N. of Durgā.

-मालिकाः (pl.)

1 N. of a country.

-2 the people or rulers of this country.

-मास्य a.

1 ten months old; एवा ते गर्भ एजतु निरैतु दशमास्यः Rv.5.78.7-8.

-2 ten months in the womb (as a child before birth).

-मुखः an epithet of Rāvaṇa. ˚रिपुः an epithet of Rāma; सीतां हित्वा दशमुखरिपुर्नोपयेमे यदन्याम् R.14.87.

-मूत्रकम् The urine of 1 (elephant, buffalo, camel, cow, goat, sheep, horse, donkey, man and woman).

-मूलम् a tonic medicine prepared from the roots of ten plants; (Mar. सालवण, पिटवण (पृष्टिपर्णी), रिंगणी, डोरली, गोखरूं, बेल, ऐरण, टेंटू, पहाडमूळ, शिवण).

-योजनम् a distance of 1 Yojanas; पादाङ्गुष्ठेन चिक्षेप संपूर्णं दशयोजनम् Rām.1.1.65; also दशयोजनी; मोहितेन्द्रियवृत्तिं तं व्यतीत्य दशयोजनीम् Ks.94.14.

-रथः N. of a celebrated king of Ayodhyā, son of Aja, and father of Rāma and his three brothers. [He had three wives Kausalyā, Sumitrā, and Kaikeyī, but was for several years without issue. He was therefore recommended by Vasiṣṭha to perform a sacrifice which he successfully did with the assistance of Ṛiṣyaśṛiṅga. On the completion of this sacrifice Kausalyā bore to him Rāma, Sumitrā Laksmana and Śatrughna, and Kaikeyī Bharata. Daśaratha was extremely fond of his sons, but Rāma was his greatest favourite- 'his life, his very soul.' Thus when Kaikeyī at the instiga- tion of Mantharā demanded the fulfilment of the two boons he had previously promised to her, the king tried to dissuade her mind from her wicked resolve by threats, and, failing these, by the most servile supplica- tions. But Kaikeyī remained inexorable, and the poor monarch was obliged to send his beloved son into exile. He soon afterwards died of a broken heart]. Bhāg.9.1.1 ˚ललिता The fourth day of the dark fortnight of Āśvina.

-रश्मिशतः the sun; दशरश्मिशतोपमद्युतिम् R.8.29.

-रात्रम् a period of ten nights. (

-त्रः) a particular sacrifice lasting for ten days.

-रूपकम् the 1 kinds of drama.

-रूपभृत् m. an epithet of Viṣṇu.

-लक्षण a. relating to 1 objects; इदं भागवतं पुराणं दक्षलक्षणम् Bhāg.2.9.43.

-णम् ten marks or attributes.

-लक्षणकः religion; cf. धृतिः क्षमा दमो$स्तेयं शौचमिन्द्रियनिग्रहः । धीर्विद्या सत्यमक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम् ॥ Ms.7. 92.

-वक्त्रः, -वदनः see दशमुख; Bk.9.137.

-वर्गः the double five classes of अमात्य, राष्ट्र, दुर्ग, कोश and दण्ड; वेत्ता च दशवर्गस्य स्थानवृद्धिक्षयात्मनः Mb.12.57.18 (com. 'अमात्यराष्ट्रदुर्गाणि कोशो दण्डश्च पञ्चमः' इति प्रकृतिपञ्चकं स्वपक्षे परपक्षे चेति दशको वर्गः).

-वाजिन् m. the moon.

-वार्षिक a. happening after, or lasting for, ten years; Y.2.24.

-विध a. of ten kinds.

-शतम् 1 a thousand; ये सहस्रम- राजन्नासन् दशशता उत Av.5.18.1.

-2 one hundred and ten. ˚रश्मिः the sun. ˚अक्षः, ˚नयनः Indra; दशशताक्षककुब्दरि- निःसृतः Mb 7.184.47.

-शती a thousand.

-स (सा)- हस्रम् ten thousand.

-हरा 1 an epithet of the Ganges (taking away the 1 sins).

-2 a festival in honour of the Ganges held on the 1th day of Jyeṣṭha.

-3 a festival in honour of Durgā held on the tenth of Āśvina.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > दशन् _daśan
65 remission

noun

1) (of sins) Vergebung, die

2) (of debt, punishment) Erlass, der

3) (prison sentence) Straferlass, der

he gained one year's remission — ihm ist ein Jahr erlassen worden

4) (Med.) Remission, die

go into remission — remittieren

* * *

[-ʃən]

noun

1) (a lessening in the severity of an illness etc.) das Nachlassen

2) (a shortening of a person's prison sentence.) der Erlaß

3) (the act of remitting.) die Überweisung

* * *

re·mis·sion

[rɪˈmɪʃ^ən]

n no pl

1. BRIT (reduction in sentence) Straferlass m

he was given three months' \remission for good behaviour wegen guter Führung wurden ihm drei Monate [Gefängnis] erlassen

2. (cancellation of debt etc.) Erlass m

\remission of debt/fee Schulden-/Gebührenerlass m

\remission of duty Zollerlass m

\remission of taxes Steuerrückzahlung f

3. ( form: lessening of pain) Nachlassen nt; of symptoms Remission f fachspr

her cancer has been in \remission for several years seit einigen Jahren hat sie keine Krebssymptome mehr gehabt

4. no pl ( form: pardon) Vergebung f

* * *
[rI'mISən]
n (form)

1) (= cancelling, pardoning of debt) Erlassen nt; (Brit JUR) (Straf)erlass m; (REL) Nachlass m

he got 3 years' remission for good behaviour (Brit) — ihm wurden wegen guter Führung 3 Jahre erlassen

2) (= sending of money) Überweisung f

3) (= postponement) Verschiebung f, Vertagung f; (of motion) Zurückverweisung f

4) (JUR: transfer of case) Verweisung f

5) (= becoming less) Nachlassen nt; (MED) Besserung f, Remission f (spec)

to be in remission (patient) — sich auf dem Wege der Besserung befinden; (illness) abklingen

* * *

remission [rıˈmıʃn] s

1. auch remission of sin(s) Vergebung f (der Sünden)

2. Nachlassen n

3. MED Remission f (vorübergehendes Nachlassen oder Abklingen):

she went into remission yesterday gestern ging es ihr vorübergehend besser

4. a) ( auch teilweiser) Erlass (einer Strafe, Schuld, Gebühr):

he was given three months’ remission ihm wurden drei Monate seiner Strafe erlassen

b) Nachlass m, Ermäßigung f

5. PARL, HIST Br Begnadigung f

* * *

noun

1) (of sins) Vergebung, die

2) (of debt, punishment) Erlass, der

3) (prison sentence) Straferlass, der

he gained one year's remission — ihm ist ein Jahr erlassen worden

4) (Med.) Remission, die

go into remission — remittieren

* * *

n.

Begnadigung f.

Gebührenbefreiung f.

Vergebung f.

English-german dictionary > remission
66 stand

stand [stænd]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. noun

2. transitive verb

3. intransitive verb

4. compounds

5. Phrasal Verbs

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► vb: pret, ptp stood

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. noun

   a. ( = position) position f

• to take one's stand prendre position

• I admired the firm stand he took on that point j'ai admiré sa fermeté sur cette question

• to make a stand against sth lutter contre qch

   b. also taxi stand station f (de taxis)

   c. (for displaying goods) étal m ; also newspaper stand kiosque m à journaux ; (at trade fair) stand m

   d. ( = seating area) tribune f

• I've got a ticket for the stand(s) j'ai un billet de tribune

   e. ( = witness stand) barre f

• to take the stand venir à la barre

   f. ( = support) (for plant) guéridon m ; (for lamp) pied m (de lampe) ; ( = music stand) pupitre m

2. transitive verb

   a. ( = place) [+ object] mettre

• to stand sth (up) against a wall mettre qch debout contre un mur

• to stand sth on its end mettre qch debout

   b. ( = tolerate) supporter

• I can't stand it any longer (pain, criticism) je ne peux plus le supporter ; (boredom) j'en ai assez

• I can't stand (the sight of) her je ne peux pas la sentir (inf)

• she can't stand being laughed at elle ne supporte pas qu'on se moque subj d'elle

• I can't stand Wagner je déteste Wagner

   c. ( = withstand) résister à

• it won't stand close examination cela ne résistera pas à un examen approfondi

   d. ( = pay for) (inf) payer

• to stand sb a drink payer un pot à qn (inf)

• to stand the cost of sth payer qch

3. intransitive verb

   a. ( = be upright also stand up [person, animal] être debout

• he is too weak to stand il est trop faible pour se tenir debout

• we had to stand as far as Calais nous avons dû voyager debout jusqu'à Calais

• the house is still standing la maison est encore debout

• not a stone was left standing in the old town la vieille ville a été complètement détruite

► to stand or fall

• the project will stand or fall by... le succès du projet repose sur...

   b. ( = rise also stand up se lever

• all stand! levez-vous s'il vous plaît !

   c. ( = stay) rester (debout)

• don't just stand there, do something! ne reste pas là à ne rien faire !

• I left him standing on the bridge je l'ai laissé sur le pont

• he left the others standing il dépassait les autres de la tête et des épaules

   d. ( = be positioned) [person] être, se tenir ; [object, vehicle, tree] être, se trouver ; [town, building] se trouver

• he stood there ready to shoot il se tenait là, prêt à tirer

• the man standing over there cet homme là-bas

• I like to know where I stand j'aime savoir où j'en suis

• as things stand at the moment dans l'état actuel des choses

• how do things stand? où en sont les choses ?

► to stand + preposition

• three chairs stood against the wall il y avait trois chaises contre le mur

• nothing stands between you and success rien ne s'oppose à votre réussite

• they stood in a circle around the grave ils se tenaient en cercle autour de la tombe

• the house stands in its own grounds la maison est entourée d'un parc

• where do you stand on this question? quelle est votre position sur cette question ?

• I hate people standing over me je déteste avoir toujours quelqu'un sur le dos (inf)

• he was standing over the stove il était penché au-dessus du fourneau► to stand in the way

• to stand in sb's way barrer le passage à qn ; (figurative) se mettre en travers du chemin de qn

• nothing now stands in our way maintenant la voie est libre

• to stand in the way of sth faire obstacle à qch► to stand to do sth

• to stand to lose risquer de perdre

• he stands to make a fortune on it ça va sans doute lui rapporter une fortune

   e. ( = tread) marcher

• you're standing on my foot tu me marches sur le pied

• to stand on the brakes piler (inf)

• where's that letter? -- you're standing on it où est la lettre ? -- tu marches dessus

   f. ( = measure) faire

• the tree stands 30 metres high l'arbre fait 30 mètres de haut

   g. ( = be mounted, based) reposer

   h. ( = be) you must accept the offer as it stands cette offre n'est pas négociable

► to stand at [thermometer, clock] indiquer ; [price, value] s'élever à ; [score] être de

• the record stood at four minutes for several years pendant plusieurs années le record a été de quatre minutes► to stand + past participle/adjective

• to stand accused of murder être accusé de meurtre

• he stands alone in this matter personne ne partage son avis sur cette question

• to stand clear s'écarter

• to stand convicted of manslaughter être condamné pour homicide

• I stand corrected au temps pour moi

• to stand opposed to sth être opposé à qch

• the record stands unbeaten le record n'a pas encore été battu

   i. ( = remain undisturbed, unchanged) [liquid, mixture, dough] reposer ; [tea, coffee] infuser

• the offer still stands l'offre tient toujours

• the objection still stands l'objection demeure

   j. (British = be candidate) se présenter

• to stand against sb in an election se présenter contre qn à des élections

• to stand for election se présenter aux élections

4. compounds

► stand-alone adjective [system] autonome

► stand-in noun remplaçant (e) m(f)

5. Phrasal Verbs

► stand about, stand around intransitive verb

rester là

• don't stand about doing nothing! ne reste pas là à ne rien faire !

• they kept us standing about for hours ils nous ont fait attendre debout pendant des heures► stand aside intransitive verb se pousser

• to stand aside in favour of sb laisser la voie libre à qn► stand back intransitive verb

( = move back) reculer ; (from stimulation, problem) prendre du recul

► stand by

1. intransitive verb

   a. ( = be onlooker) rester là (à ne rien faire)

• don't stand by and let democracy be undermined ne laisser pas attaquer la démocratie sans rien

   b. ( = be ready for action) [troops] être en état d'alerte ; [emergency services] être prêt à intervenir

• stand by for further revelations attendez-vous à d'autres révélations

2. inseparable transitive verb

   a. ( = support) [+ friend] ne pas abandonner ; [+ colleague, spouse] soutenir

   b. ( = keep to) [+ promise] tenir ; [+ sb else's decision] respecter ; [+ one's own decision] s'en tenir à► stand down intransitive verb

( = resign) démissionner

► stand for inseparable transitive verb

   a. ( = represent) représenter

• what does UNO stand for? à quoi correspond l'abréviation UNO ?

   b. ( = defend) défendre

   c. ( = tolerate) tolérer

• I won't stand for it! je ne le tolérerai pas !► stand in intransitive verb

• to stand in for sb remplacer qn► stand out intransitive verb

   a. ( = protrude) faire saillie ; [vein] saillir

   b. ( = be conspicuous) ressortir

   c. ( = be outstanding) se distinguer

• he stands out from all the other students il se distingue de tous les autres étudiants

   d. ( = remain firm) tenir bon

• to stand out for sth revendiquer qch► stand up

1. intransitive verb

   a. ( = rise) se lever ; ( = be standing) [person] être debout ; [tent, structure] tenir debout

• to stand up and be counted déclarer ouvertement sa position

   b. ( = resist challenge) tenir debout

2. separable transitive verb

   a. ( = place upright) mettre

• to stand sth up against a wall appuyer qch contre un mur

   b. ( = fail to meet) (inf) [+ friend] faire faux bond à ; [+ boyfriend, girlfriend] poser un lapin à (inf)► stand up for inseparable transitive verb

[+ person, principle, belief] défendre

• to stand up for o.s. savoir se défendre► stand up to inseparable transitive verb

[+ bully, superior] affronter ; [+ use, conditions] résister à

* * *
[stænd] 1.
noun

1) ( furniture) ( for coats) portemanteau m; ( for hats) porte-chapeau m; (for plant, trophy) guéridon m; ( for music) pupitre m à musique

2) ( stall) ( on market) éventaire m; ( kiosk) kiosque m; (at exhibition, trade fair) stand m

3) ( in stadium) tribunes fpl

4) ( witness box) barre f

to take the stand — aller à la barre

5) ( stance) position f

to take ou make a stand on something — prendre position sur quelque chose

6) ( resistance to attack) résistance f

(to make) a last stand — (livrer) une dernière bataille

7) ( standstill)

to come to a stand — s'arrêter
2.
transitive verb (prét, pp stood)

1) ( place) mettre [person, object]

stand it over there — mets-le là-bas

2) ( bear) supporter

he can't stand to do ou doing — il ne supporte pas de faire

she won't stand any nonsense — elle ne tolère pas qu'on fasse des bêtises

3) (colloq) ( pay for)

to stand somebody something — payer quelque chose à quelqu'un

4) Law

to stand trial — passer en jugement

5) ( be liable)

to stand to lose something — risquer de perdre quelque chose

she stands to gain a million pounds — elle peut gagner un million de livres sterling
3.
intransitive verb (prét, pp stood)

1) (also stand up) se lever

2) ( be upright) [person] se tenir debout; [object] tenir debout

to remain standing — rester debout

there's not much of the cathedral still standing — il ne reste que des ruines de la cathédrale

don't just stand there, do something! — ne reste pas planté (colloq) là! fais quelque chose!

3) ( be positioned) [building etc] être; ( clearly delineated) se dresser

the train was standing at the platform for half an hour — le train est resté une demi-heure à quai

4) ( step)

to stand on — marcher sur

5) (be)

to stand empty — [house] rester vide

to stand accused of something — être accusé de quelque chose

to stand ready — être prêt

as things stand... — étant donné l'état actuel des choses...

I want to know where I stand — fig je voudrais savoir où j'en suis

where do you stand on capital punishment? — quelle est votre position sur la peine de mort?

nothing stands between me and the job — rien ne s'oppose à ce que j'obtienne ce poste

to stand in somebody's way — lit bloquer le passage à quelqu'un; fig faire obstacle à quelqu'un

6) ( remain valid) [offer, agreement] rester valable

7) ( measure)

the hill stands 500 metres high — la colline fait 500 mètres de haut

8) ( be at certain level)

the total stands at 300 — le total est de 300

9) ( be a candidate) se présenter

to stand for parliament — se présenter aux élections législatives

10) ( not move) [water, mixture] reposer

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- stand about

- stand aside

- stand back

- stand by

- stand down

- stand for

- stand in

- stand off

- stand out

- stand over

- stand to

- stand up

••

to leave somebody standing — devancer quelqu'un

to stand up and be counted — se faire entendre

English-French dictionary > stand
67 bit

bit

1. bit [bɪt] n

1) (fam: small piece) Stück nt;

\bits of glass Glasscherben fpl;

\bits of paper Papierfetzen mpl;

little \bits Stückchen pl;

to blow sth to \bits etw zerreißen;

to fall [or come] to \bits kaputtgehen ( fam)

to go to \bits ( fig) [psychisch] zusammenbrechen, durchdrehen ( fam)

to smash sth to \bits etw zerschmettern [o zertrümmern];

to tear sth to \bits etw in Stücke reißen

2) ( small amount)

a \bit of... ein wenig [o bisschen]...;

with a \bit of luck, I'll pass the exam mit viel Glück bestehe ich die Prüfung;

she heard a \bit of news about an old friend sie erfuhr Neuigkeiten über einen alten Freund;

a \bit of trouble ein bisschen Ärger;

to have a \bit put away einiges auf der hohen Kante haben

3) ( part) Teil m;

bring your \bits and pieces! ( Brit) bring deine Siebensachen mit!;

sewing \bits and pieces Nähutensilien ntpl;

to do one's \bit ( fam) seinen Teil beitragen, das Seinige tun;

\bit by \bit Stück für Stück, nach und nach;

I saved up the money \bit by \bit ich habe mir das Geld Groschen für Groschen zusammengespart;

we rebuilt the house over years \bit by \bit wir haben das Haus über die Jahre Stein für Stein wieder aufgebaut

4) (fam: short time)

I'm just going out for a \bit ich gehe mal kurz raus ( fam)

I'll come along in a \bit ich komme gleich nach;

hold on [or wait] a \bit warte mal [kurz]

5) ( somewhat)

Mary's put on a \bit of weight Mary hat ganz schön zugenommen;

he's a \bit of a bore er ist ein ziemlicher Langweiler;

it's a \bit of a nuisance das ist ganz schön lästig;

he's a \bit of an artist er ist künstlerisch begabt;

he's a \bit of a poet er ist gar kein so schlechter Dichter;

I'm a \bit tired ich bin ziemlich müde;

the house is a \bit like a Swiss chalet das Haus sieht ein bisschen wie ein Schweizer Chalet aus;

he's a good \bit older than his wife er ist um einiges älter als seine Frau;

not a \bit kein bisschen;

not the least [or slightest] \bit... kein bisschen...;

... but not a \bit of it ( Brit)... aber nichts dergleichen [o ( fam) nicht die Spur];

quite a \bit ziemlich;

that's quite a \bit of ice cream! das ist ganz schön viel Eiscreme!

6) ( rather)

that was a \bit much das war ein starkes Stück;

that was a \bit too much of a coincidence das konnte kein Zufall mehr sein

7) ( Brit) (fam hist: coin) Groschen m ( fam)

threepenny/sixpenny \bit Dreipence-/Sixpencestück nt;

two \bits (Am) (dated) 25 Cents

PHRASES:

to be a \bit of fluff [or stuff] [or skirt] ( Brit) (sl) eine dufte Biene sein ( fam)

she was his \bit on the side for several years ( Brit) (sl) sie war jahrelang seine heimliche Geliebte;

to be a \bit of all right ( Brit) (sl) große Klasse sein ( fam)

2. bit [bɪt] vt, vi

pt of → bite

3. bit [bɪt] n

Trense f; ( fig)

she was chafing at the \bit waiting for the moment when she could visit her boyfriend sie konnte es kaum erwarten, ihren Freund besuchen zu dürfen

PHRASES:

to have [or get] [or take] the \bit between one's teeth ( start working) sich akk an die Arbeit machen;

( become rebellious) aufmüpfig werden;

( try hard) sich akk mächtig anstrengen

4. bit [bɪt] n

( drill) Bohrer[einsatz] m; ( chisel) Meißel m

5. bit [bɪt] n

comput Bit nt

English-German students dictionary > bit
68 przeleż|eć

pf (przeleżysz, przeleżał, przeleżeli) Ⅰ vt zachorował i przeleżał tydzień w łóżku he fell ill and took to his bed for the whole week
- cały dzień przeleżała na plaży she spent the whole day lying on the beach
Ⅱ vi to lie
- skarb setki lat przeleżał w ziemi, zanim go znaleziono the treasure had been lying buried for hundreds of years before it was unearthed

- książka przeleżała na półce w księgarni kilka lat the book has been lying on the shelf in the bookshop for several years
Ⅲ przeleżeć się (leżeć bardzo długo) to lie idle
- artykuł/wiersz przeleżał się w szufladzie the essay/poem has remained hidden in the drawer

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > przeleż|eć
69 empate

m.

1 draw.

un empate a cero/dos a goalless/two-two draw

2 tie, draw, dead heat, score draw.

pres.subj.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: empatar.

* * *

empate

► nombre masculino

1 (en fútbol, rugby) draw, US tie; (en carrera, votación) tie

■ en estos momentos hay empate a tres the score at the moment is three all

■ el partido acabó con empate a tres the match ended in a three-all draw

■ el gol del empate the equalizer

* * *

noun m.

draw, tie

* * *

SM

1) [en partido] draw

un empate a cero — a nil-nil draw

el gol del empate — the equalizer

continúa el empate en el marcador — the scores are still level

2) [en votación] tie

3) LAm (=junta) joint, connection

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (en partido, certamen) tie (AmE), draw (BrE)

terminó con empate a cero — it finished in a scoreless tie (AmE) o (BrE) goalless draw

el gol del empate — the equalizer o (AmE) the tying goal

b) ( en una votación) tie

2) (Col, Per, Ven) (empalme, unión - en carpintería) joint; (- de tubos) join, connection; (- de cables) connection

3) (Ven fam) ( novio) boyfriend; ( novia) girlfriend

* * *

= tie, draw.

Ex. The article is entitled 'Journal ranking: the issue of allotting rank numbers when there is a tie'.

Ex. This draw has left Milan in third place with 55 points from 29 games.

----

* gol del empate = equaliser [equalizer, -USA].

* resultar en empate = result in + a draw.

* tanto del empate = equaliser [equalizer, -USA].

* terminar en empate = end in + a draw, result in + a draw.

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (en partido, certamen) tie (AmE), draw (BrE)

terminó con empate a cero — it finished in a scoreless tie (AmE) o (BrE) goalless draw

el gol del empate — the equalizer o (AmE) the tying goal

b) ( en una votación) tie

2) (Col, Per, Ven) (empalme, unión - en carpintería) joint; (- de tubos) join, connection; (- de cables) connection

3) (Ven fam) ( novio) boyfriend; ( novia) girlfriend

* * *

= tie, draw.

Ex: The article is entitled 'Journal ranking: the issue of allotting rank numbers when there is a tie'.

Ex: This draw has left Milan in third place with 55 points from 29 games.

* gol del empate = equaliser [equalizer, -USA].

* resultar en empate = result in + a draw.

* tanto del empate = equaliser [equalizer, -USA].

* terminar en empate = end in + a draw, result in + a draw.

* * *

empate

masculine

A

1 (en un partido, una competición) tie ( AmE), split ( AmE), draw ( BrE)

el partido terminó con empate a cero the game finished in a scoreless tie ( AmE) o ( BrE) goalless draw

Gómez fue el autor del gol del empate Gómez scored the equalizer o ( AmE) the tying goal

fue un empate a cero or sin golpes it was a goalless draw

2 (en una votación) tie

deshacer* el empate to break the tie

Compuesto:

empate técnico

tied election

B (Col, Per, Ven) (empalme, unión — en carpintería) joint; (— de tubos) join, connection; (— de cables) connection

en el empate de estos dos cordones where these two wires meet o join o connect

C ( Ven fam)

1 (relación amorosa) relationship

un empate muy complicado a very complicated relationship

hemos tenido varios años de empate we've been going (out) together for several years

2 (novio) boyfriend; (novia) girlfriend

* * *

Del verbo empatar: ( conjugate empatar)

empaté es:

1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

empate es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
empatar
empate
empatar ( conjugate empatar) verbo intransitivo
1
a) ( durante un partido) to draw level, equalize;

( como resultado) to tie, draw (BrE);
◊ empateon a dos they tied two-two (AmE), it was a two-all draw (BrE);

van empatados they're equal o level at the moment
b) ( en una votación) to tie

2 (Col, Ven) [listones/piezas] to fit together
verbo transitivo
a) (Ven) ( amarrar) to tie o join … together

b) (Col, Per, Ven) ‹cables/tubos› to connect

empatarse verbo pronominal (Ven)
a) ( unirse) [calles/líneas] to join, meet (up);

[ huesos] to knit together
b) (fam) [ pareja] to get together (colloq), to start going out together

empate sustantivo masculino
1
a) (en partido, certamen) tie (AmE), draw (BrE);

◊ terminó con empate a cero it finished in a scoreless tie (AmE) o (BrE) goalless draw;

el gol del empate the equalizer o (AmE) the tying goal
b) ( en una votación) tie

2 (Col, Per, Ven) ( unión — en carpintería) joint;
(— de tubos, cables) connection
3 (Ven fam) ( novio) boyfriend;
( novia) girlfriend
empatar
I vi Dep to tie, draw
II verbo transitivo
1 Dep to equalize: empataron en el segundo tiempo, they equalized in the second half
2 LAm (empalmar) to join
empate m Dep draw, tie: Caminero marcó el gol del empate, Caminero scored the equalizer
empate a cero, nil-all draw
' empate' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
gol
- voto
English:
all
- draw
- equalizer
- heat
- score draw
- tie
- stand

* * *

empate nm

1. [en competición] tie;
[en partido] draw, tie;
un empate a cero/dos a goalless/two-two draw;

el gol del empate the equalizer;

el encuentro terminó con empate the match ended in a draw o tie;

un gol en el último minuto deshizo el empate a goal in the last minute broke the stalemate

2. [en elecciones] tie;

los sondeos arrojan un empate técnico entre ambos candidatos polls are indicating a dead heat between the two candidates

3. Andes, Ven [de cables] connection

4. Ven Fam relationship;

cuando llevaban dos años de empate decidieron casarse when they'd been going out for two years they decided to get married

5. Ven Fam boyfriend, f girlfriend

* * *

empate

m tie, Br

draw;

gol del empate en fútbol equalizer;

empate a cero goalless tie o Br draw

* * *

empate nm

: draw, tie

* * *

empate n

1. (en un partido) draw

el partido acabó con un empate a dos the match ended in a two all draw

2. (en una votación, un concurso) tie

el resultado de la votación ha sido un empate the result of the vote was a tie

Spanish-English dictionary > empate
70 rondar

v.

1 to patrol.

2 to court.

3 to be around (edad, cifra).

ronda los cuarenta años he's about forty

4 to wander.

me ronda una idea por la cabeza I've been turning over an idea in my head

5 to hover around, to circle, to haunt, to hang round.

* * *

rondar

► verbo transitivo

1 (vigilar) to patrol, do the rounds of

2 peyorativo (merodear) to prowl around, hang about, haunt

■ siempre ronda la casa he's always prowling around the house

3 (cortejar) to woo, court

4 figurado (estar cerca) to stalk

■ la muerte lo rondaba death was stalking him

■ me ronda el hambre I'm feeling hungry

5 figurado (años) to be about

■ ronda los cincuenta she's about fifty

► verbo intransitivo

1 (vigilar) to patrol

2 (merodear) to prowl around, roam around

3 (tocar y cantar por las calles) to busk, serenade

4 (andar de noche) to roam at night, wander at night

* * *

verb

1) to patrol, police

2) haunt

3) be approximately

* * *

1. VT

1) [policía, soldado] to patrol

2) [+ cifra, edad]

el precio ronda los mil dólares — the price is in the region of a thousand dollars

rondaba los 30 años — he was about 30

3) (=perseguir)

la ronda a todas horas para que le preste dinero — he pesters her night and day to lend him money

es una idea que me rondaba la cabeza desde hace tiempo — it's an idea which I've had going round in my head for quite a while

me está rondando un catarro — I've got a cold hanging over me

a estas horas siempre me ronda el sueño — I always start feeling sleepy around this time

4) † (=cortejar) to court

2. VI

1) [policía, soldado] to (be on) patrol

2) (=deambular) to prowl

sospechan de un hombre que rondaba por allí — they suspect a man who was prowling around the area

3) [pensamiento, idea]

debes rechazar las dudas que te rondan por la cabeza — you must dispel the doubts that are besetting you

4) † [enamorado, la tuna] to serenade

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) vigilante/patrulla to patrol

2) pensamiento

hace días que me ronda esa idea — that idea has been going round and round in my head for days

3) < lugar> to hang around

como si lo rondase la muerte — as if death were stalking him

4) ( cortejar) to court (dated or liter)

5) ( acercarse a)

debe estar rondando los 60 — she must be getting on for 60

la rentabilidad ronda el 3% — the yield is hovering around the 3% mark

6) ( dar serenata a) to serenade
2.
rondar vi

1) vigilante/patrulla to be on one's round o beat, be on patrol

2) ( merodear) to hang around

3) ( dar serenata) to serenade

* * *

= be one step away from, walk (a)round, hang around, loiter (about/around), loaf (about/around), bum around, linger, prowl, hang about.

Ex. Denigrating the ideas of others is just one step away from a personal attack and reflects the speaker's ineptness.

Ex. He got up, and, putting hands in the pockets of his trousers, began to walk around the room.

Ex. His characters are gullible and easily led, dependent on the kindness of strangers and vulnerable to parasites and touts who hang around train stations and hotels.

Ex. A high-pitched sound said to be only audible to young people will be used to deter teenagers from loitering at night.

Ex. The less you work, the less you spend and the more time you have for loafing about.

Ex. He spent his early twenties bumming around the world and became fascinated by the differences and similarities in all of us.

Ex. He lingered round the bookstall looking at the books and papers till a pert girl behind the counter asked him if he wouldn't like a chair.

Ex. Told in rhyme, this is the story of a slinky black cat who prowls at night and becomes a thief.

Ex. A new report says that we waste three hours a day faffing around, doing nothing in particular, pootling, dawdling, pottering, hanging about.

----

* pensamiento que ronda la cabeza de uno = thought + run through + Posesivo + head.

* rondar + Número = hover around + Número.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) vigilante/patrulla to patrol

2) pensamiento

hace días que me ronda esa idea — that idea has been going round and round in my head for days

3) < lugar> to hang around

como si lo rondase la muerte — as if death were stalking him

4) ( cortejar) to court (dated or liter)

5) ( acercarse a)

debe estar rondando los 60 — she must be getting on for 60

la rentabilidad ronda el 3% — the yield is hovering around the 3% mark

6) ( dar serenata a) to serenade
2.
rondar vi

1) vigilante/patrulla to be on one's round o beat, be on patrol

2) ( merodear) to hang around

3) ( dar serenata) to serenade

* * *

= be one step away from, walk (a)round, hang around, loiter (about/around), loaf (about/around), bum around, linger, prowl, hang about.

Ex: Denigrating the ideas of others is just one step away from a personal attack and reflects the speaker's ineptness.

Ex: He got up, and, putting hands in the pockets of his trousers, began to walk around the room.

Ex: His characters are gullible and easily led, dependent on the kindness of strangers and vulnerable to parasites and touts who hang around train stations and hotels.

Ex: A high-pitched sound said to be only audible to young people will be used to deter teenagers from loitering at night.

Ex: The less you work, the less you spend and the more time you have for loafing about.

Ex: He spent his early twenties bumming around the world and became fascinated by the differences and similarities in all of us.

Ex: He lingered round the bookstall looking at the books and papers till a pert girl behind the counter asked him if he wouldn't like a chair.

Ex: Told in rhyme, this is the story of a slinky black cat who prowls at night and becomes a thief.

Ex: A new report says that we waste three hours a day faffing around, doing nothing in particular, pootling, dawdling, pottering, hanging about.

* pensamiento que ronda la cabeza de uno = thought + run through + Posesivo + head.

* rondar + Número = hover around + Número.

* * *

rondar [A1 ]

vt

A «vigilante/patrulla» to patrol

B

«idea/pensamiento»: hace días que me ronda esa idea I've had that idea going around in my head for days

debemos ahuyentar los malos pensamientos que nos rondan we must chase away the evil thoughts that beset us

C ‹lugar› to hang around

la gentuza que ronda el bar the rabble who hang around the bar

era como si la muerte lo estuviese rondando it was as if death were stalking him

D (cortejar) to court ( datedor liter)

lleva varios años rondándola he's been courting her for several years

E ‹cifra/edad›

debe estar rondando los 60 she must be around/getting on for 60

la rentabilidad ronda el 3% the yield is hovering around the 3% mark

F (dar serenata a) to serenade

■ rondar

vi

A (para vigilar) «vigilante/patrulla» to be on one's round o beat, be on patrol

B (merodear) to hang around

C (dar serenata) to serenade

* * *

rondar ( conjugate rondar) verbo transitivo
a) [vigilante/patrulla] to patrol

b) [ pensamiento]:

◊ hace días que me ronda esa idea that idea has been going round and round in my head for days

c) ‹ lugar› to hang around

d) ( acercarse a):

◊ debe estar rondando los 60 she must be getting on for 60

verbo intransitivo ( merodear) to hang around
rondar
I verbo transitivo
1 (a una mujer) to court frml
(a alguien con algún fin) to be after sb
2 (vagar, pasear de noche con un fin poco claro) to loiter, prowl around: un extraño ronda la casa desde ayer, a stranger has been prowling around the house since yesterday
3 (vigilar) to patrol
4 (estar en torno a, aproximarse a) to be about: el precio ronda los dos millones, the price is about two million
5 (gripe, sueño, enfermedad) to approach: me está rondando la gripe, I think I'm coming down with flu
(una idea) to think about: no sé qué le está rondando en la cabeza, I don't known what he has in his mind
II verbo intransitivo
1 (un vigilante, etc) to do the rounds
2 (un delicuente, alguien sospechoso) to loiter, prowl around
' rondar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
andar
English:
prowl
- haunt
- push

* * *

rondar

♦ vt

1. [vigilar] to patrol;

rondaban las calles en parejas they patrolled the streets in pairs

2. [parecer próximo]
me está rondando un resfriado I've got a cold coming on;

le ronda el sueño he's about to drop off;

me ronda una idea por o [m5] en la cabeza I've been turning over an idea in my head

♦ vi

1. [vigilar] to patrol;

rondaban en parejas they patrolled in pairs

2. [merodear] to wander ( por around)

3. [edad, cifra] to be around;

ronda los cuarenta años he's about forty;

las pérdidas rondan los tres millones the losses are in the region of three million

4. [cortejar] to serenade

* * *

rondar

I v/t

1 zona patrol

2

:

me ronda una idea I have an idea going around in my head

3 mujer serenade

4

:

rondar los treinta be around thirty

II v/i fam

hang around fam

* * *

rondar vt

1) : to patrol

2) : to hang around

siempre está rondando la calle: he's always hanging around the street

3) : to be approximately

debe rondar los cincuenta: he must be about 50

rondar vi

1) : to be on patrol

2) : to prowl around, to roam about

* * *

rondar vb

1. (patrullar) to patrol [pt. & pp. patrolled]

la policía ronda las calles the police patrol the streets

2. (frecuentar) to hang around [pt. & pp. hung]

siempre lo veo rondando por el bar I always see him hanging round the bar

3. (rayar) to be nearly

ronda los 30 años he's nearly 30 / he's about 30

Spanish-English dictionary > rondar
71 वाल्मिकिः _vālmikiḥ _वाल्मीकः _vālmīkḥ _वाल्मीकिः _vālmīkiḥ

वाल्मिकिः वाल्मीकः वाल्मीकिः [वल्मीके भवः अण् इञ् वा] N. of a celebrated sage, and author of the Rāmāyaṇa; कवीन्दुं नौमि वाल्मीकिं यस्य रामायणीं कथाम् । चन्द्रिकामिव चिन्वन्ति चकोरा इव साधवः ॥ Udb. [He was a Brāhmaṇa by birth, but being abandoned by his parents in his childhood, he was found by some wild mountaineers who taught him the art of thieving. He soon became an adept in the art, and pursued his business of plun- dering and killing (where necessary) travellers for several years. One day he saw a great sage whom he asked on pain of death to deliver up his possessions. But the sage told him to go home and ask his wife and children if they were ready to become his part- ners in the innumerable iniquities that he had com- mitted. He accordingly went home, but returned dis- mayed at their unwillingness. The sage then told him to repeat the word marā (which is Rāma inverted) and disappeared. The robber continued to repeat it for years together without moving from the place, so that his body was covered up with ant-hills. But the same sage reappeared and got him out, and as he issued from the 'valmika' he was called Vālmiki, and became afterwards an eminent sage. One day while he was performing his ablutions, he saw one of a pair of Krauncha birds being killed by a fowler, at which he cursed the wretch in words which unconsiously took the form of a verse in the Anuṣṭubh metre. This was a new mode of composition, and at the command of the god Brahman he composed the first poem the Rāmāyaṇa. When Sītā was abandoned by Rāma, he gave her shelter under his roof, and brought up her two sons. He afterwards restored them all to Rāma.]

Sanskrit-English dictionary > वाल्मिकिः _vālmikiḥ _वाल्मीकः _vālmīkḥ _वाल्मीकिः _vālmīkiḥ
72 unchallenged

un·chal·lenged

[ʌnˈtʃælɪnʤd, AM -ənʤd]

adj unangefochten; (not opposed) unwidersprochen

to go [or stand] \unchallenged unangefochten bleiben

his long-jump record stood \unchallenged for many years sein Weitsprungrekord blieb viele Jahre unangetastet

to pass \unchallenged MIL passieren, ohne angehalten zu werden

* * *
[ʌn'tSlIndZd]
adj
unbestritten, unangefochten; (JUR) juryman nicht abgelehnt; evidence nicht angefochten, unangefochten
to rule unchallenged — uneingeschränkt regieren

to go unchallenged (Mil) — ohne Anruf passieren

we passed the sentry unchallenged — die Wache ließ uns ohne Anruf passieren

the record was or went unchallenged for several years — der Rekord wurde jahrelang nicht überboten

I cannot let that remark go or pass unchallenged — diese Bemerkung kann ich nicht unwidersprochen hinnehmen

* * *

unchallenged adj unbestritten, unwidersprochen:

an unchallenged victory ein unangefochtener Sieg

* * *

adj.

unangefochten adj.

unbestritten adj.

English-german dictionary > unchallenged
73 ausentarse

pron.v.

1 to go away.

2 to absent oneself, to be absent, to be away, to fail to assist.

Falta María Mary is absent.

* * *

ausentarse

► verbo pronominal

1 (faltar) to be absent

2 (irse) to leave

* * *

verb

to absent oneself

* * *

VPR (=marcharse) to absent o.s. (de from)
(=no acudir) to stay away (de from)
* * *

verbo pronominal (frml) to go away

se ausentó un mes de su domicilio — he was away from home for a month

pidió permiso para ausentarse un momento — he asked to leave the room (o class etc)

* * *

(v.) = be absent (from)

Ex. Consideration of information issues was absent from most courses studied.

* * *

verbo pronominal (frml) to go away

se ausentó un mes de su domicilio — he was away from home for a month

pidió permiso para ausentarse un momento — he asked to leave the room (o class etc)

* * *

(v.) = be absent (from)

Ex: Consideration of information issues was absent from most courses studied.

* * *

ausentarse [A1 ]

v pron

( frml); to go away

se ausentó un mes de su domicilio he was away from home o he went away for a month

pidió permiso para ausentarse un momento he asked to leave the room ( o class etc)

lo llamaron y tuvo que ausentarse he was called away

con niños chicos uno no puede ausentarse ni un minuto if you have small children you can't leave them for a moment

* * *

ausentarse ( conjugate ausentarse) verbo pronominal (frml) to go away;
◊ pidió permiso para ausentarse un momento he asked to leave the room (o class etc)

ausentarse verbo reflexivo to leave

' ausentarse' also found in these entries:
English:
absent
- day

* * *

ausentarse vpr

to go away;

se ausentará durante el fin de semana she will be away for the weekend;

se ausentó de su país durante varios años he lived abroad for several years;

el trabajo lo obliga a ausentarse de su familia his work means he has to spend a lot of time away from his family

* * *

ausentarse

v/r leave, go away

* * *

ausentarse vr

1) : to leave, to go away

2)

ausentarse de : to stay away from

* * *

ausentarse vb

1. (no ir) to be off

se ausentó del trabajo durante tres días he was off work for three days

2. (estar fuera) to be away

me ausenté durante más de un año I was away for over a year

Spanish-English dictionary > ausentarse
74 лета

мн

1) ( годы) years; я не́сколько лет не́ был там I haven't been there for several years

2) ( возраст) age

мне (ему́, ей) 18 лет — I am (he, she is) eighteen years old

мы одни́х лет — we are the same age

ско́лько вам лет? — how old are you?

Американизмы. Русско-английский словарь. > лета
75 ciągn|ąć

impf Ⅰ vt 1. (przesuwać, wlec) to drag, to pull [osobę, zwierzę]; to draw, to pull [wóz, wagon]; to tow [przyczepę]
- ciągnąć kogoś za rękę to drag sb (along) by the hand

- ciągnąć kogoś za nogi to drag sb by the legs

- ciągnąć kogoś za płaszcz to pull sb by the coat

- ciągnąć coś po ziemi to drag sth along the ground

- ciągnąć zabawkę na sznurku to pull a toy along on a string

- ciągnąć palcem po czymś to draw one’s finger along sth

- sanie ciągnięte przez dwa konie a sleigh drawn by two horses ⇒ pociągnąć1
2. (zabierać kogoś ze sobą) to drag [sb] along
- ciągnąć kogoś do kina to drag sb along to the cinema

- ciągnął rodzinę ze sobą he dragged his family along with him

- ciągnąć kogoś na wódkę to drag sb off for a drink

- ciągnąć kogoś do ołtarza żart. to drag sb to the altar żart. ⇒ zaciągnąć
3. (prowadzić, wieść) to carry out [pracę]; to carry on [naukę]; to run, to carry on [gospodarstwo]
- on ledwo ciągniepot. he just gets by

- ciągnęła życie samotnie she led a solitary life
4. (wydobywać, wybierać) to draw
- ciągnąć wodę ze studni to draw water from a well

- ciągnąć sieci z jeziora to draw in (fishing) nets from a lake
5. (wchłaniać) to drink, to sip [napój, herbatę]; to consume [elektryczność]
- ciągnąć lemoniadę przez słomkę to drink a. suck lemonade through a straw

- ciągnąć wódkę pot. to knock back vodka pot.

- rośliny ciągną pożywienie z ziemi plants draw sustenance from the earth

- ciągnąć dym z fajki/papierosa to draw on a pipe/cigarette
6. (przyciągać) to draw
- magnes ciągnie metale a magnet attracts metals

- ciężki plecak ciągnął ją do tyłu her heavy rucksack pulled her backwards

- wir rzeki ciągnął go na dno the river eddy was sucking him under
7. (pociągać, wabić) [lektura, sport] to draw
- ciągnie ją scena/estrada/cyrk she’s drawn to the theatre/stage/circus

- ciągnęło go do alkoholu he was drawn to alcohol

- papierosy nigdy mnie nie ciągnęły I was never interested in a. drawn to smoking

- ciągnie go złe towarzystwo he’s drawn to bad company

- nie ciągnnie mnie tam I’ve no desire to go there
8. (szarpać, targać) to pull, to tug [osobę]
- ciągnąć kogoś za rękaw/włosy to pull sb’s sleeve/hair

- ciągnąć psa za ogon to pull a dog’s tail

- ciągnąć gwóźdź obcęgami to pull at a nail with pliers
9. (rozciągać) to draw out, to stretch (out) [sznur, gumę] 10. (przedłużać) to carry on, to continue [przedstawienie, roboty, poszukiwanie]
- ciągnąć dalej opowiadanie to carry on with a story

- nie chciałem ciągnąć rozmowy I didn’t want to prolong the conversation

- nie ma sensu ciągnąć tego tematu there’s no point in drawing a. dragging the issue out ⇒ pociągnąć1
11. (uzyskiwać) to derive [zyski, korzyści, dochody] (z czegoś from sth) ⇒ wyciągnąć 12. (zakładać) to run, to lay [kabel, linię kolejową]; (budować) to run (up), to build [mur, ścianę, komin] 13. Techn. to draw [drut] 14. Górn. to haul [materiały, urobek] Ⅱ vi 1. (wiać, dmuchać) z ogrodu ciągnęła woń róż the scent of roses wafted in from the garden
- chłód ciągnie od morza there’s a cool breeze in off the sea

- od rzeki ciągnęło chłodem there was a cool breeze off the river

- piec dobrze/źle ciągnie the chimney draws well/doesn’t draw well

- ależ tu ciągnie it’s so draughty in here
2. (przemieszczać się) to head
- wojska ciągnęły na północ the troops have headed a. pushed north

- szosami ciągnęły tłumy uchodźców crowds of refugees were moving along the roads

- ranny łoś ciągnął w las the wounded elk headed off a. made off into the forest
3. (nadchodzić) [burza, chmury] to draw near, to near 4. (być amatorem) ciągnąć do czegoś to be drawn to [sportu, lekkiego życia] 5. (mówić dalej) to continue, to go on
- czy mogę ciągnąć dalej? may I continue?
6. pot. (jechać) [samochód] to do pot.
- ciągnąć setką to be doing a hundred
Ⅲ ciągnąć się 1. (zajmować obszar) [las, pustynia, droga] to stretch (out)
- ciągnąć się kilometrami to stretch for miles

- ciągnąć się w nieskończoność to stretch into infinity

- kolejka ciągnie się do końca budynku the queue goes right to the end of the building

- korek ciągnie się do skrzyżowania the traffic jam goes up to the roundabout

- droga ciągnie się aż do jeziora the road goes all the way to the lake
2. (wlec się) to trail
- ciągnąć się z tyłu to trail behind

- pociąg z sapaniem ciągnął się pod górę the train chugged its way uphill
3. (szarpać jeden drugiego) to pull one another
- ciągnąć się za włosy to pull each other’s hair
4. (trwać długo) [spotkanie, film] to drag on; [dzień, wieczór] to wear on
- ciągnąć się bez końca to go on forever

- dyskusja ciągnęła się w nieskończoność the discussion dragged on and on

- obiad ciągnął się w milczeniu dinner dragged on in silence

- proces ciągnął się przez kilka lat the trial dragged on for several years
5. (unosić się) [chmura, dym, kurz] to drift; [zapach] to waft
- ta sprawa będzie się jeszcze długo za nim ciągnęła the affair will hang over him for a long time to come
6. (być wleczonym) to trail
- ciągnąć się za kimś to trail behind sb

- pasek od płaszcza ciągnął się za nim po ziemi his coat belt was trailing on the ground behind him
7. (być ciągliwym) [substancja] to be stringy; [cukierek] to be chewy
- ciągnący się klej thick glue

■ ciągnąć losy a. węzełki to draw lots

- ciągnąć ton a. nutę to hold a note

- ciągnąć weksel Handl. to draw a bill

- ciągnąć w swoją stronę to look after one’s own interests

- nie dojdą do porozumienia, bo każdy ciągnie w swoją stronę they won’t reach an agreement because they’re pulling in different directions

- mówią, że działają dla dobra ogółu, ale wiadomo, że każdy ciągnie w swoją stronę they say they’re acting for the good of society, but everyone knows they’re all just looking after number one

- ciągnąć kogoś za język to draw sb (out)

- ciągnąć kogoś za uszy to pull sb through

- ciągnąć za sobą nogi to shamble (along)

- (natura) ciągnie wilka do lasu przysł. a leopard cannot change his spots przysł.

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ciągn|ąć
76 Brush, Charles Francis

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Public utilities

[br]

b. 17 March 1849 Euclid, Michigan, USA

d. 15 June 1929 Cleveland, Ohio, USA

[br]

American engineer, inventor of a multiple electric arc lighting system and founder of the Brush Electric Company.

[br]

Brush graduated from the University of Michigan in 1869 and worked for several years as a chemist. Believing that electric arc lighting would be commercially successful if the equipment could be improved, he completed his first dynamo in 1875 and a simplified arc lamp. His original system operated a maximum of four lights, each on a separate circuit, from one dynamo. Brush envisaged a wider market for his product and by 1879 had available on arc lighting system principally intended for street and other outdoor illumination. He designed a dynamo that generated a high voltage and which, with a carbon-pile regulator, provided an almost constant current permitting the use of up to forty lamps on one circuit. He also improved arc lamps by incorporating a slipping-clutch regulating mechanism and automatic means of bringing into use a second set of carbons, thereby doubling the period between replacements.

Brush's multiple electric arc lighting system was first demonstrated in Cleveland and by 1880 had been adopted in a number of American cities, including New York, Boston and Philadelphia. It was also employed in many European towns until incandescent lamps, for which the Brush dynamo was unsuitable, came into use. To market his apparatus, Brush promoted local lighting companies and thereby secured local capital.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1881. American Academy of Arts and Sciences Rumford Medal 1899. American Institute of Electrical Engineers Edison Medal 1913.

Bibliography

18 May 1878, British patent no. 2,003 (Brush dynamo).

11 March 1879, British patent no. 947 (arc lamp).

26 February 1880, British patent no. 849 (current regulator).

Further Reading

J.W.Urquhart, 1891, Electric Light, London (for a detailed description of the Brush system).

H.C.Passer, 1953, The Electrical Manufacturers: 1875–1900, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 14– 21 (for the origins of the Brush Company).

S.Steward, 1980, in Electrical Review, 206:34–5 (a short account).

See also: Hammond, Robert

GW

Biographical history of technology > Brush, Charles Francis
77 shift

I [ʃɪft]
nome

1) (alteration) cambiamento m. (in di)

a shift to the left — pol. uno spostamento verso sinistra

the shift from agriculture to industry — il passaggio dall'agricoltura all'industria

2) ind. (period of time) turno m.; (group of workers) squadra f. di turno, turno m.

to work shifts o be on shifts fare i turni; to be on night shifts — fare il turno di notte, fare la notte

3) (woman's dress) chemisier m.; (undergarment) ant. sottoveste f.

4) ling. mutamento m. linguistico

5) AE aut. gearshift

6) (on keyboard) shift key
II 1. [ʃɪft]
verbo transitivo

1) (move) spostare [furniture, vehicle]; muovere, spostare [ arm]; teatr. cambiare [ scenery]

to shift one's position — fig. cambiare posizione o idea

2) (get rid of) fare scomparire, eliminare [stain, dirt]

I can't shift this cold! — BE colloq. non riesco a liberarmi di questo raffreddore!

3) (transfer) (to another department) avvicendare; (to another town, country) trasferire [ employee]; fig. scaricare [ blame] ( onto su)

to shift attention away from a problem — distogliere l'attenzione da un problema

4) AE aut.

to shift gear — cambiare marcia
2.
verbo intransitivo

1) (anche shift about) (move around) [ load] spostarsi, muoversi

to shift from one foot to the other — spostare il peso da un piede all'altro

2) (move)

the scene shifts to Ireland — cinem. teatr. la scena si sposta in Irlanda

this stain won't shift! — questa macchia non se ne vuole andare!

shift! — BE colloq. spostati! fatti più in là!

3) (change) [ attitude] cambiare, modificarsi; [ wind] girare, cambiare (direzione)

opinion has shifted to the right — l'opinione pubblica ha virato a destra

4) BE colloq. (go quickly) [ person] andare a tutta birra; [ vehicle] filare

5) AE aut.

to shift into second gear — mettere la seconda
3.
verbo riflessivo

to shift oneself — spostarsi

* * *
[ʃift] 1. verb
1) (to change (the) position or direction (of): We spent the whole evening shifting furniture around; The wind shifted to the west overnight.) spostare, spostarsi

2) (to transfer: She shifted the blame on to me.) spostare

3) (to get rid of: This detergent shifts stains.) togliere
2. noun
1) (a change (of position etc): a shift of emphasis.) cambiamento

2) (a group of people who begin work on a job when another group stop work: The night shift does the heavy work.) (squadra di turno)

3) (the period during which such a group works: an eight-hour shift; ( also adjective) shift work.) turno

•

- shiftless
- shiftlessness
- shifty
- shiftily
- shiftiness
* * *
shift /ʃɪft/
n.

1 cambiamento; mutamento; avvicendamento; sostituzione; spostamento: a shift in public opinion, un cambiamento dell'opinione pubblica

2 turno ( di lavoro): to work the night shift, fare il turno di notte; to work in shifts, lavorare a turni: DIALOGO → - Asking about routine 2- I work six-hour shifts, faccio turni di sei ore; ( USA) graveyard shift, (squadra del) turno di notte; DIALOGO → - Asking about routine 2- How long are your shifts?, quanto durano i tuoi turni?

3 squadra di turno: shift boss, capo della squadra di turno

4 espediente; risorsa; stratagemma; sotterfugio; trucchetto: to live by shifts, vivere di espedienti

5 ( del vento) salto

6 (agric.) rotazione; avvicendamento: the shift of crops, la rotazione delle colture

7 (autom., USA, = gearshift) (leva del) cambio: ( USA) stick shift, cambio sul pavimento

8 (fis.) spostamento: Doppler shift, spostamento Doppler

9 (geol.) rigetto orizzontale

10 (ling.) rotazione; spostamento dei suoni: consonant shift, rotazione consonantica (delle lingue germaniche); the great vowel shift, la grande rotazione vocalica (dal «Middle English» all'ingl. moderno)

11 ( sport) scarto ( di un cavallo, un atleta)

12 ( atletica) rotazione del corpo ( nel lancio del martello)

13 (arc.) camicia, sottoveste, camicia da notte ( da donna)

14 (arc.) imbroglio, truffa

● ( di tastiera) shift key, tasto delle maiuscole □ ( di tastiera) shift lock, tasto fissamaiuscole; fissamaiuscole (sost. m.) □ (ling.) shift of meaning, slittamento di senso □ (autom., USA) shift stick, leva del cambio □ shift worker, turnista □ to make shift, ingegnarsi; arrabattarsi: We must make shift without him, dobbiamo ingegnarci senza di lui (o fare da soli) □ to make shift with st., fare lo stesso con qc.; accontentarsi di qc.
♦ (to) shift /ʃɪft/
A v. t.

1 spostare; cambiare; mutare; sostituire: to shift the weight from one's back, spostare il peso dalle proprie spalle; to shift the cargo on the deck of a ship, spostare il carico sul ponte di una nave; to shift the scene, cambiar la scena (a teatr., in un romanzo, ecc.); to shift one's lodging, mutar residenza; cambiare casa

2 trasferire; avvicendare ( personale); ( sport) spostare, dirottare ( un giocatore)

3 togliere, mandare via ( macchie e sim.)

4 (fam.) disfarsi di, piazzare, vendere: to shift stolen goods, piazzare merce rubata

5 (comput.) scorrere; fare scorrere (angl.)

6 (fam.) ingurgitare; tracannare

B v. i.

1 spostarsi; muoversi; viaggiare continuamente; trasferirsi: He shifted in his chair, si è spostato sulla sedia; They shifted about for several years, si sono trasferiti da una città all'altra per alcuni anni

2 cambiare; mutare: The scene shifted, la scena è cambiata; Tastes have shifted, sono mutati i gusti

3 ( del vento) cambiare direzione, voltarsi; (naut.) girare: The wind has shifted to the south, il vento ha girato verso sud

4 ( di solito to shift for oneself) arrangiarsi; ingegnarsi: I must shift as I can, devo arrangiarmi alla meglio; You must shift for yourself now, devi ingegnarti da solo, ora

5 (naut.: del carico) spostarsi; scorrere

6 (autom., USA) cambiare (marcia)

7 (fam.) andare a tutta birra

8 ( raro arc.) usar sotterfugi; ingannare; truffare

● to shift one's balance, spostare il peso del corpo □ (naut.) to shift berth, cambiare ormeggio □ to shift the blame onto sb. else, gettare (o far ricadere) la colpa su un altro; dare la colpa a un altro □ (leg.) to shift the burden of proof, scaricare l'onere della prova sulla parte avversa □ to shift for oneself, fare da sé; cavarsela da solo; arrangiarsi □ (autom.) to shift gears, cambiare marcia; (fig.) cambiare tono (o atteggiamento, ecc.) all'improvviso □ (fig.) to shift one's ground, portare la questione su un terreno diverso □ (naut.) to shift the helm, cambiare la barra □ to shift the hip, spostare il bacino □ (autom., spec. USA) to shift into second [third], inserire (o mettere) la seconda [la terza] □ (autom.) to shift into top gear, mettere (o inserire) la marcia più alta; ingranare la quinta; (fig.) accelerare il ritmo ( del lavoro, ecc.) □ to shift the responsibility, scaricare la responsabilità; fare a scaricabarile (fam.).

* * *
I [ʃɪft]
nome

1) (alteration) cambiamento m. (in di)

a shift to the left — pol. uno spostamento verso sinistra

the shift from agriculture to industry — il passaggio dall'agricoltura all'industria

2) ind. (period of time) turno m.; (group of workers) squadra f. di turno, turno m.

to work shifts o be on shifts fare i turni; to be on night shifts — fare il turno di notte, fare la notte

3) (woman's dress) chemisier m.; (undergarment) ant. sottoveste f.

4) ling. mutamento m. linguistico

5) AE aut. gearshift

6) (on keyboard) shift key
II 1. [ʃɪft]
verbo transitivo

1) (move) spostare [furniture, vehicle]; muovere, spostare [ arm]; teatr. cambiare [ scenery]

to shift one's position — fig. cambiare posizione o idea

2) (get rid of) fare scomparire, eliminare [stain, dirt]

I can't shift this cold! — BE colloq. non riesco a liberarmi di questo raffreddore!

3) (transfer) (to another department) avvicendare; (to another town, country) trasferire [ employee]; fig. scaricare [ blame] ( onto su)

to shift attention away from a problem — distogliere l'attenzione da un problema

4) AE aut.

to shift gear — cambiare marcia
2.
verbo intransitivo

1) (anche shift about) (move around) [ load] spostarsi, muoversi

to shift from one foot to the other — spostare il peso da un piede all'altro

2) (move)

the scene shifts to Ireland — cinem. teatr. la scena si sposta in Irlanda

this stain won't shift! — questa macchia non se ne vuole andare!

shift! — BE colloq. spostati! fatti più in là!

3) (change) [ attitude] cambiare, modificarsi; [ wind] girare, cambiare (direzione)

opinion has shifted to the right — l'opinione pubblica ha virato a destra

4) BE colloq. (go quickly) [ person] andare a tutta birra; [ vehicle] filare

5) AE aut.

to shift into second gear — mettere la seconda
3.
verbo riflessivo

to shift oneself — spostarsi

English-Italian dictionary > shift
78 проучить

совер.;
(что-л.) ;
разг.
1) teach a lesson
2) teach (for some time) ;
study( for some time)

сов. (вн.)
1. разг. (наказать) teach* (smb.) а good lesson;

2. (учить в течение какого-л. времени) (что-л.) study (smth.) ;
(кого-л.) teach* (smb.) ;
~ уроки весь вечер spend* the whole evening over/at one`s homework;
всю жизнь ~ детей spend* one`s whole life teaching children;
~ся сов. study;
~ся в школе несколько лет attend school for several years.

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > проучить
79 rebelde

adj.

1 rebel (sublevado).

ejército rebelde rebel army

2 rebellious (desobediente).

ese niño es muy rebelde that child is very disobedient

3 unmanageable (difícil de dominar) (pelo).

4 defaulting (law).

5 stubbornly disobedient, rebel, fractious, froward.

6 not responding to treatment, intractable, refractory.

f. & m.

1 rebel (sublevado, desobediente).

2 defaulter (law).

* * *

rebelde

► adjetivo

1 rebellious

2 figurado (tos etc) persistent

► nombre masulino o femenino

1 rebel

* * *

noun mf.

rebel

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=que se rebela) rebellious

el gobierno rebelde — the rebel government

ser rebelde a algo — to rebel against sth

2) [niño] unruly; [resfriado] persistent; [mancha] stubborn; [pelo] wild; [problema] difficult; [sustancia] difficult to work with

3) (Jur) defaulting

2. SMF

1) (Mil, Pol) rebel

2) (Jur) defaulter

* * *
I
adjetivo

a) <tropas/ejército> rebel (before n)

b) <niño/carácter> unruly, rebellious

c) < tos> persistent; < mancha> stubborn

d) (Der) defaulting (before n)
II
masculino y femenino (Mil, Pol) rebel; (Der) defaulter

* * *
I
adjetivo

a) <tropas/ejército> rebel (before n)

b) <niño/carácter> unruly, rebellious

c) < tos> persistent; < mancha> stubborn

d) (Der) defaulting (before n)
II
masculino y femenino (Mil, Pol) rebel; (Der) defaulter

* * *

rebelde¹

¹ = punk, enfant terrible, insurgent, rebel.

Ex: Cyberpunk is a cultural label encompassing many different kinds of punk attitudes, including clothing and lifestyle choices.

Ex: Vesalius, considered in his time a scientific ' enfant terrible,' revolutionized medicine and science by insisting that truth could be established only by direct observation.

Ex: While the drug smugglers are said to be stronger than the states in which they live, Marxist insurgents have been fighting with them for several years.

Ex: The article is entitled 'The Luddites and their war on the Industrial Revolution: rebels against the future: lessons for the computer age'.

rebelde²

² = unruly, rebellious, insurgent, fractious, wayward, resistive, disorderly, riotous, insurrectionary.

Ex: 'Sometimes the kids get a little unruly!' she announced in that easy familiar style of hers as she sat down.

Ex: The urge to mechanize paper-making came at first as much from the papermakers' desire to free themselves from dependence upon their skilled but rebellious workmen as from the pursuit of production economies.

Ex: This growth accompanied an insurgent professionalism.

Ex: Thus was Christianity codified into a Bible that still today is the central element in the faith of the two billion adherents of the largest, if most fractious, of the world's religions.

Ex: The article 'The wayward scholar: resources and research in popular culture' defends popular culture as a legitimate and important library resource.

Ex: This game was developed in order to facilitate the therapeutic process for those children who are `inhibited, constrained or resistive'.

Ex: As expected, students in disorderly schools tend to have higher misbehavior and lower achievement.

Ex: I'd like to see the full force of the law brought down on these people who are involved in this riotous behaviour.

Ex: Most obviously, the insurrectionary movements of the late-eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were informed by notions of nationality.

* ángel rebelde = rebel angel.

* * *

rebelde¹

adjective

1 ‹tropas/ejército› rebel ( before n)

2 ‹niño/carácter› unruly, rebellious

3 ‹tos› persistent; ‹mancha› stubborn

4 ( Der) defaulting ( before n)

rebelde²

masculine and feminine

1 ( Mil, Pol) rebel

2 ( Der) defaulter

* * *

rebelde adjetivo
a) ‹tropas/ejército› rebel ( before n)

b) ‹niño/carácter› unruly, rebellious

c) ‹ tos› persistent;

‹ mancha› stubborn
■ sustantivo masculino y femenino (Mil, Pol) rebel
rebelde
I adjetivo
1 (carácter, actitud) rebellious: es un niño muy rebelde, he's a very unruly child
2 familiar tiene un pelo muy rebelde, her hair is quite unmanageable
3 (persistente) stubborn
una mancha rebelde, a stubborn stain
una tos rebelde, a persistent cough
4 Mil rebel
II mf rebel
' rebelde' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
indómita
- indómito
- respondón
- respondona
- espíritu
English:
rebel
- rebellious
- stubborn
- unmanageable
- unruly
- defiant

* * *

rebelde

♦ adj

1. [sublevado] rebel;

ejército rebelde rebel army

2. [desobediente] rebellious

3. [difícil de dominar] [pelo] unmanageable;
[tos] persistent; [mancha] stubborn; [pasiones] unruly
4. Der defaulting

♦ nmf

1. [sublevado, desobediente] rebel

2. Der defaulter

* * *

rebelde

I adj rebel atr

II m/f rebel

* * *

rebelde adj

: rebellious, unruly

rebelde nmf

1) : rebel

2) : defaulter

* * *

rebelde¹ adj

1. (niño, etc) rebellious

2. (tropas, etc) rebel

rebelde² n rebel

Spanish-English dictionary > rebelde
80 taker

noun

(buyer) preneur(euse) m, f, acheteur(euse) m, f;

∎ there were no takers personne n'en voulait

The 400,000-square-foot Robinsons building had been shuttered for several years and was owned by private investors. There were no takers from the retail world in subsequent years -- both Target and Price Club passed on it.

English-French business dictionary > taker

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