-
41 sinking fund
сокр. SF1) фин., учет фонд погашения, выкупной фонд (фонд, в который регулярно зачисляются суммы для будущего стабильного погашения долга или привилегированных акций; обычно создание фонда погашения является условием выпуска облигационного займа или получения кредита и рассматривается в качестве гарантии погашения)Where the city issues sinking fund securities, the chief financial officer must keep separate accounts to show at all times the status of every series.
Syn:See:purchase fund, sinking fund bond, debt service fund, capital redemption reserve, interest reserve, sinking fund provision, amortization of debt2) учет = depreciation fundSee:
* * *
abbrev.: SF sinking fund фонд погашения: фонд, в который регулярно зачисляются суммы для будущего стабильного погашения долга, привилегированных акций, кредита; создание такого фонда обычно является условием выпуска займа или получения кредита и рассматривается в качестве гарантии погашения; см. purchase fund.* * ** * *амортизационный фонд; выкупной фонд; фонд погашения. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *1. фонд, формируемый в лизинговых сделках с привлечением заемных средств для уплаты налогов2. средства для осуществления любых платежей по обязательствам, могущим возникнуть в будущем см. MISF-----выкупной фонд/ фонд погашенияфонд, учреждаемый для замены истощимого/изнашиваемого актива к окончанию срока пользования им -
42 provide for
v + prep + oa) ( support) \<\<family\>\> mantener*b) ( make arrangements for)he left them very well provided for — los dejó en una situación económica holgada or con el porvenir asegurado
c) (Govt, Law) prever*VI + PREPa) (=support) [+ person, family] mantenerb) (=make provision for)he wanted to see that the children were well provided for — quería asegurarse de que las necesidades de los niños estaban bien cubiertas
individuals are encouraged to provide for themselves by buying private insurance — se anima a las personas a que se aseguren el futuro or que hagan previsiones para el futuro comprando un seguro privado
2) (=take care of) preverthe 50 employers which best provide for the needs of women — los 50 empresarios que mejor prevén las necesidades de las mujeres
it's impossible to provide for all eventualities — es imposible prever todas las eventualidades or tomar precauciones contra toda eventualidad
3) (Jur) (=make possible)the accord provides for greater police co-operation — en el acuerdo se prevé una mayor colaboración por parte de la policía
the Act provides for financial penalties to be imposed on all offenders — la ley estipula que se impongan multas a todos los transgresores
* * *v + prep + oa) ( support) \<\<family\>\> mantener*b) ( make arrangements for)he left them very well provided for — los dejó en una situación económica holgada or con el porvenir asegurado
c) (Govt, Law) prever* -
43 resource
rə'zo:s, ]( American) 'ri:zo:rs1) ((usually in plural) something that gives help, support etc when needed; a supply; a means: We have used up all our resources; We haven't the resources at this school for teaching handicapped children.) recurso2) ((usually in plural) the wealth of a country, or the supply of materials etc which bring this wealth: This country is rich in natural resources.) recursos3) (the ability to find ways of solving difficulties: He is full of resource.) inventiva, ideas•- resourcefully
- resourcefulness
resource n recursotr[rɪ'zɔːs]1 recursoresource ['ri:.sors, ri'sors] n1) resourcefulness: ingenio m, recursos mpl2) resources npl: recursos mplnatural resources: recursos naturales3) resources nplmeans: recursos mpl, medios mpl, fondos mpln.• recurso (Informática) s.m.n.• inventiva s.f.• recurso s.m.'riːsɔːrs, rɪ'sɔːscount noun recurso mnatural/human resources — recursos naturales/humanos
the new center is a valuable resource for the community — el nuevo centro es un valioso servicio para la comunidad
teaching resources — material m didáctico
left to their own resources — librados a sus propios medios or recursos; (before n)
[rɪ'sɔːs]resource center — a) centro que suministra información, asesoramiento etc; b) ( Educ) centro m de material didáctico
1. N1) (=expedient) recurso m, expediente m2) resources (=wealth, goods) recursos mplfinancial resources — recursos mpl financieros
natural resources — recursos mpl naturales
to leave sb to his own resources — (fig) dejar que algn se apañe como pueda
3) (=resourcefulness) inventiva f2.* * *['riːsɔːrs, rɪ'sɔːs]count noun recurso mnatural/human resources — recursos naturales/humanos
the new center is a valuable resource for the community — el nuevo centro es un valioso servicio para la comunidad
teaching resources — material m didáctico
left to their own resources — librados a sus propios medios or recursos; (before n)
resource center — a) centro que suministra información, asesoramiento etc; b) ( Educ) centro m de material didáctico
-
44 agreement
n1) соглашение, договор; контракт2) согласие; договоренность•to abide by the terms of an agreement — соблюдать / выполнять условия соглашения, придерживаться условий соглашения
to adhere to an agreement — выполнять / соблюдать соглашение, придерживаться условий соглашения
to announce a measure of agreement with smb — объявлять о достижении определенной степени согласия / договоренности с кем-л.
to arrive at / to attain an agreement — приходить к соглашению, достигать соглашения
to be in agreement with smb about smth — соглашаться с кем-л. в отношении чего-л.; быть единого мнения с кем-л. о чем-л.
to be in contravention of an agreement — противоречить соглашению / условиям соглашения
to breach / to break an agreement — нарушать соглашение
to enter into an agreement — заключать соглашение / договор
to extend an agreement — продлевать срок действия соглашения, пролонгировать соглашение
to find oneself in full agreement about smth — обнаруживать полное единство взглядов по какому-л. вопросу
to go back on an agreement — нарушать соглашение, отказываться от выполнения соглашения
to leave the agreement in tatters — перен. не оставить камня на камне от соглашения
to observe an agreement — соблюдать соглашение; выполнять условия соглашения
to obstruct progress towards an agreement — препятствовать достижению соглашения; затруднять достижение соглашения
to pave the way towards further agreements — открывать путь к заключению / достижению новых соглашений
to reach agreement on smth — достигать согласия / договариваться по какому-л. вопросу
to renege on an agreement — нарушать соглашение, уклоняться от выполнения соглашения
to repudiate an agreement — отвергать соглашение, отказываться от ранее заключенного соглашения
to review / to revoke an agreement — пересматривать соглашение
to sabotage an agreement — срывать / саботировать выполнение соглашения
to secure an agreement — добиваться соглашения, обеспечивать заключение соглашения
to seek an agreement — 1) добиваться заключения соглашения 2) добиваться согласия / договоренности
to stipulate smth by an agreement — обуславливать что-л. соглашением
to submit an agreement to the government for endorsement — предоставлять текст соглашения на утверждение правительства
to thwart / to torpedo an agreement — срывать выполнение соглашения
- agreement fell flatto wreck an agreement — срывать соглашение, мешать заключению соглашения
- agreement has broken down
- agreement has come into operation
- agreement in force
- agreement in principle
- agreement is effective
- agreement is in danger of collapse
- agreement is in force
- agreement is subject to approval by the General Assembly
- agreement is to come into effect on August 20
- agreement is unlikely to stock
- agreement is up for renewal
- agreement on a framework of withdrawal
- agreement on a partial pullout of troops
- agreement on all points
- agreement on limiting nuclear weapons
- agreement under negotiation
- agreement will hold
- agreement worth $...
- agreements of wages, hours and working conditions
- allied agreements
- arbitration agreement
- architect of an agreement
- armistice agreement
- arms agreement
- arms control agreement
- as a precursor to any kind of an agreement
- as part of the agreement
- avoidance of an agreement
- back-to-work agreement
- barter agreement
- basic agreement
- behind-the-scenes agreement
- bilateral agreement
- binding agreement
- branch agreements
- breach of the peace agreement
- broad agreement
- by mutual agreement
- cartel agreement
- cease-fire agreement
- clearing agreement
- collective agreement
- commercial agreement
- commodity agreement
- compensation agreement
- complete agreement on all major items
- comprehensive agreement
- compromise agreement
- conclusion of an agreement
- consensus agreement
- consular agreement
- contractual agreement
- conventional arms agreement
- cooperation agreement
- credit agreements
- cultural exchange agreement
- currency-credit agreements
- current agreement
- disarmament agreement
- disengagement agreement
- draft agreement
- durable agreement
- duration of an agreement
- economic agreement
- enslaving agreement
- enthralling agreement
- entry of an agreement into force
- equal party to the agreement
- equitable agreement
- executive agreement
- expiration of an agreement
- face-saving agreement
- far-reaching agreement
- fettering agreement
- final agreement
- final print of an agreement
- financial agreement
- foreign investment agreement
- formal agreement
- Four-Power Agreement on West Berlin
- framework agreement
- free trade agreement
- GATT
- General Agreement on Tariff and Trade
- general agreement
- Geneva Agreements
- gentleman's agreement
- historic agreement
- immigration agreement
- impediment to an agreement
- in accordance with the agreement achieved
- in circumvention of the agreement
- in conformity with the terms of agreements
- in contravention of the agreement
- in line with the agreement
- in the absence of a special agreement
- in the wake of the agreement
- inconsistent with the agreement
- indemnification agreement
- inequitable agreement
- INF Agreement
- informal agreement
- initial agreement
- installment agreement
- instalment agreement
- interagency agreement
- interdepartmental agreement
- intergovernmental agreement
- interim agreement
- interlocking set of agreements
- Intermediate Nuclear Forces Agreement
- international agreement
- international fisheries agreement
- interstate agreement
- labor agreement
- landmark agreement
- large measure of agreement between...
- last-in-first-out redundancy agreement
- last-minute agreement
- lend-lease agreement
- license agreement
- licensing agreement
- long-awaited agreement
- long-term agreement
- major agreement
- marketing agreement
- market-sharing agreement
- measure of agreement between smb
- military agreement
- military-political agreement
- model agreement
- monetary agreement
- multilateral agreement
- multipartite agreement
- multipurpose international agreement
- mutual agreement
- national agreement
- nonaggression agreement
- nonattack agreement
- nonbelligerency agreement
- noncompliance with the agreement
- North American Free Trade Agreement
- no-strike agreement
- observance of the agreement
- on the brink of an agreement
- on the verge of an agreement
- onerous agreement
- on-site monitoring agreement
- outline agreement
- overall agreement
- package agreement
- patent agreement
- payments agreement
- peace agreement
- pending the coming into force of the agreement
- permanent agreement
- personal training agreement
- political agreement
- power-sharing agreement
- preliminary agreement
- procedural agreement
- progress toward a concerted agreement
- progress toward mutually acceptable agreement
- prolongation of an agreement
- prospect of an agreement
- provided by the agreement
- provision of an agreement
- provisional agreement
- quadripartite agreement
- reciprocal agreement
- regional agreement
- repatriation agreement
- safeguards agreement
- scientific and technical cooperation agreement
- search for a generally acceptable agreement
- secret agreement
- separate agreement
- short-term agreement
- show-piece of an agreement
- signs for agreement
- solid agreement
- solvent feature of the agreement
- special agreement
- special service agreement
- specific agreement
- standstill agreement
- starting-point of an agreement
- stipulated by the following article of the agreement
- strike-free agreement
- subject of an agreement
- subject to agreement
- subsidiary agreement
- substantive agreement
- superpower agreement
- tacit agreement
- tariff agreement
- technical agreement
- tentative agreement
- termination of agreement - trade and credit agreement
- trade and economic agreement
- trade-and-payments agreement
- tripartite agreement
- troop-withdrawal agreement
- trusteeship agreement
- umbrella agreement
- under the agreement
- unequal agreement
- unratified agreement
- unspoken agreement
- UN-sponsored agreement
- unwritten agreement
- verbal agreement
- verifiable agreement
- viable agreement
- voluntary price restraint agreement
- wide-ranging agreements
- working agreement
- written agreement
- zero-zero agreement -
45 aid
1. nпомощь, содействие, поддержкаto appeal / to ask for aid — обращаться за помощью; просить помощь
to cancel / to cease aid — прекращать помощь
to channel aid for / into smth — направлять помощь на что-л.
to come to smb's aid — приходить на помощь кому-л.
to cut off aid to smb — прекращать помощь кому-л.
to donate aid — оказывать помощь, предоставляя что-л. в виде дара
to end all aid to a country — прекращать оказание всех видов помощи какой-л. стране
to go to the aid of smb — приходить на помощь кому-л.
to renew / to restore / to resume aid — возобновлять предоставление / оказание помощи
to step up aid — усиливать помощь; увеличивать размеры помощи
- aid in cashto turn down $... of aid — отвергать предложение о предоставлении помощи на сумму... долларов
- aid in the form of food
- aid on a multilateral basis
- aid with strings
- aid without strings
- all-round aid
- appeal for international aid
- budgetary aid
- calls for renewed aid
- cancellation of aid
- capital aid for economic development
- cash aid
- clandestine aid
- cut in aid
- cutbacks in aid
- development aid
- disinterested aid
- distribution of aid
- economic aid
- effective aid
- emergency aid
- ending of aid
- federal aid
- financial aid
- flow of aid
- food aid
- foreign aid
- generous aid
- government aid
- gratuitous aid
- humanitarian aid
- ineffective aid
- inflow of aid
- influx of foreign aid
- international aid
- large-scale aid
- lethal aid
- long-term aid
- massive aid
- military aid
- misappropriation of aid
- multilateral aid
- mutual aid
- necessary aid
- nonfinancial aid
- nonmilitary aid
- outside aid
- planeload of aid
- pledges of aid
- provision of aid
- relief aid
- resumption of aid for smb
- review of smb's aid to a country
- short-term aid
- special aid
- state aid
- substantial aid
- suspension of aid
- technical aid
- technological aid
- terms and conditions of aid
- tied aid
- top recipient of aid
- unconditional aid
- unrestricted aid
- urgent aid
- welfare aid 2. vпомогать, оказывать помощь, оказывать содействие, оказывать поддержку -
46 assistance
nпомощь, поддержка, содействиеto accept assistance from smb — получать / принимать помощь от кого-л.
to apply to a country for assistance — обращаться к какой-л. стране за помощью
to ask for assistance — просить / запрашивать помощь
to deliver assistance — оказывать / предоставлять помощь
to divert assistance from a country — переключать помощь с какой-л. страны (на какую-л. другую)
to encourage assistance — поощрять / стимулировать оказание помощи
to expand / to extend assistance — расширять / увеличивать размеры помощи
to go to a country for assistance — обращаться к какой-л. стране за помощью
to grant assistance — оказывать / предоставлять помощь
to order free assistance to smb — распорядиться об оказании кому-л. безвозмездной помощи
to recycle $... in assistance to developing countries — переключать... долларов на помощь развивающимся странам
to render assistance — оказывать / предоставлять помощь
to respond to request for assistance — отвечать на запрос / просьбу о помощи
to restrict assistance to smb — ограничивать помощь кому-л.
- adequate level of development assistanceto turn to a country for assistance — обращаться к какой-л. стране за помощью
- all-round assistance
- appropriate assistance
- armed assistance
- assistance at the request of the government
- assistance for smth
- assistance in smth
- assistance to developing countries
- assistance to smb
- bilateral assistance
- bulk of technical assistance
- channels for assistance
- charitable assistance
- commodity assistance
- comradely assistance
- considerable assistance
- continued assistance
- crucial assistance
- cultural assistance
- development assistance
- direct assistance
- disaster assistance
- disinterested assistance
- distribution of international assistance to flood victims
- diversified assistance
- economic assistance
- effective assistance
- emergency assistance
- expansion of assistance
- expert assistance
- extension of assistance
- extensive assistance
- external assistance
- federal assistance
- financial assistance
- food assistance
- fraternal assistance
- free assistance
- friendly assistance
- furnished assistance
- government assistance
- great assistance
- humanitarian assistance
- indirect assistance
- international assistance
- internationalist assistance
- invaluable assistance
- kind assistance
- large-scale assistance
- legal assistance
- long-term assistance
- manifold assistance
- massive assistance
- material assistance
- military assistance
- moral assistance
- multilateral assistance
- multinational assistance
- mutual assistance
- nature and scope of assistance
- necessary assistance
- needed assistance
- nonfinancial assistance
- ODA
- official assistance
- Official Development Assistance
- one-way assistance
- organizational assistance
- outside assistance
- patronage assistance
- planning assistance
- political assistance
- practical assistance
- preparatory assistance
- private assistance
- project assistance
- prompt assistance
- provision of assistance
- public assistance
- reduction in smb's assistance to a country
- request for assistance
- research assistance
- scientific and technical assistance
- scientific assistance
- security assistance
- selfless assistance
- social assistance
- special assistance
- sustained assistance
- systematic assistance
- technical and economic assistance
- technical assistance
- technological assistance
- temporary assistance
- tied assistance
- timely provided assistance
- untied assistance
- urgent assistance
- valuable assistance -
47 incentive
n1) ( to smth) стимул, побудительный мотив (к чему-л.)2) льгота•- creation of incentives to workto give an incentive to smb — создавать стимул для кого-л.
- economic incentive
- financial incentives
- form of incentive
- individual incentives
- material incentive
- moral incentives
- provision of incentives
- tax incentives -
48 service
1. n1) служба; обслуживание, сервис2) заслуга; услуга3) эксплуатация4) срок службы•to build up a coherent international civil service — создавать согласованную международную гражданскую службу
to cut back on health and social services — урезать ассигнования на здравоохранение и социальные нужды
to give an idea diplomatic lip service — дипломатически поддерживать какую-л. идею на словах
to give the Health Service a substantial boost in funding — выделять крупные ассигнования на нужды здравоохранения
to lead a service — церк. проводить службу
to pay lip service (to) — относиться формально (к чему-л.); поддерживать (что-л.) на словах
to perform services — выполнять услуги / работы
to render services to smb — предоставлять / оказывать услуги кому-л.
to say a service — церк. отправлять богослужение
to smooth the way to privatizing the health service — готовить почву для денационализации здравоохранения
to take service with smb — поступать на службу к кому-л.
to take into one's service — нанимать
- administrative servicesto utilize the services (of smb) — использовать (чьи-л.) услуги
- advisory service
- amusement and recreation services
- analytical services
- at your service
- auxiliary services
- base service
- battle service
- break in service
- British Intelligence Service
- broadcasting service
- budgetary services
- call to military service
- career service
- civil service
- classified service
- closed services
- communal public services
- community services
- compulsory military service
- computer services
- conciliation service
- consular service
- consultant services
- consultation service
- consumer services
- continuous length of service
- continuous service
- counter-intelligence service
- Criminal Intelligence Service
- data processing services
- debt service
- dedication service
- deterioration in the social services
- development planning advisory services
- diplomatic pouch service
- diplomatic service
- emergency service
- employment service
- essential services
- evasion of military service
- exigency of service
- expatriate advisory service
- expert services
- expiration of service
- export services
- extension of the services of an expert
- extension services
- Federal Security Service
- field services
- financial services
- foreign intelligence service
- foreign service
- functional services
- government foreign services
- government service
- great services to the state
- guidance and counseling services
- health services
- honorable service
- information service
- integrated services
- intelligence service
- Internal Revenue Service
- international civil service
- international information service
- investment services
- joint service
- labor service
- language services
- legal services
- length of labor service
- liable for military service
- local service
- long service
- long-distance telephone service
- mail and messenger service
- management consulting services
- management information service
- management services
- maternity and child care service
- medical service
- memorial service
- merchant service
- messenger service
- meteorological service
- military service
- moral objection to compulsory military service
- municipal services
- national services
- Naval Investigative Service
- on active service
- operational service
- outstanding services
- oversea service
- period of service
- personal services
- postal services
- pouch service
- press service
- procurement services
- provision of consultative services
- public health service
- public service
- radio service
- rear services
- religious service
- reporting services
- round-the-world service
- sanitary services
- Secret Service
- security service
- selective service
- separation from the service
- service with the colors
- services to foreign troops
- short-term advisory services
- social service
- social welfare services
- special service
- state security service
- state service
- statistical service
- subcontracted services
- tangible services
- technical services
- technical training services
- through service
- UN civil service
- uninterrupted length of service
- universal military service
- voluntary national service
- war service 2. v1) обслуживать; оказывать услугу• -
49 year
(yr; Y.)n ком. рік; a річнийперіод часу, що охоплює дванадцять місяців═════════■═════════accounting year звітний рік; audit year ревізійний рік; base year базовий рік; boom year рік високої кон'юнктури; budget year бюджетний рік; business year господарський рік • фінансовий рік; calendar year календарний рік; commercial year фінансовий комерційний рік; contract year договірний рік; crop year сільськогосподарський рік; current year поточний рік; economic year господарський рік; farming year сільськогосподарський рік; financial year фінансовий рік; fiscal year фінансовий рік; going year чинний рік; green year доходний рік • прибутковий рік; half year півріччя; insurance year страховий рік; interest rate per year річна відсоткова ставка; leap year високосний рік; legal year юридичний рік; locust years голодні роки • роки злиднів і нестатків; model year рік, протягом якого діє дана модель; natural business year фінансовий рік; present year теперішній рік • нинішній рік; previous year попередній рік; production year господарський рік; reference year базовий рік; report year звітний рік • рік подання статистичного звіту; reporting year звітний рік; target year останній рік планового періоду • цільовий рік; tax year податковий рік; trading year операційний рік; working year виробничий рік • господарський рік═════════□═════════at year end в кінці року • на кінець року; year acquired рік придбання; year end кінець року; year-end balance sheet річний баланс • балансовий звіт на кінець року • річний балансовий звіт; year-end closing закриття рахунків на кінець року; year-end closure закриття рахунків на кінець року; year-end dividend річний дивіденд • дивіденд на кінець року; year-end figures кількісні показники на кінець року; year-end price ціна на кінець року; year-end procedures бухгалтерські операції, які виконуються в кінці року; year's loss збитки за рік; year of acquisition рік придбання; year of appropriation рік придбання • рік асигнування; year of assessment рік оподаткування • рік оцінки нерухомого майна; year of crisis кризовий рік; year of death рік смерті; year of deduction рік надання податкової знижки • рік відрахування; year of delivery рік поставки; year of deposit рік депонування; year of disbursement рік виплати; year of income рік одержання доходу; year of manufacture рік виготовлення; year of operation рік фінансової операції • рік операції; year of payment рік платежу; year of provision рік постачання; year of publication рік публікації; year of purchase рік покупки; year of recession рік спаду; year of sale рік продажу • рік реалізації; year of termination рік закінчення терміну • строк припинення дії; year on year в річному обчисленні; year-on-year growth щорічне зростання; year-on-year increase щорічний приріст; year's profit прибуток за рік; year to date на даний рік; year-to-date statement звіт за минулий рік; year under review звітний рік -
50 balance
1. n1) баланс; сальдо; остаток3) равновесие4) весы
- account balance
- accumulated balances
- active balance
- actual balance
- adverse balance
- adverse balance of payments
- annual balance
- audited balance
- available balance
- average balance
- bank balance
- basic balance
- beginning balance
- blocked balance
- book balance
- brought forward balance
- budgetary balance
- capital and credit balance
- capital flow balance
- carried forward balance
- cash balance
- cash balances held in the bank
- cleared balance
- clearing balance
- closing balance
- commodity balance
- compensating balance
- compensatory balance
- conversion balance
- correspondent balance
- cost-effectiveness balance
- credit balance
- credit-side balance
- current balance
- current account balance
- debit balance
- debit-side balance
- decimal balance
- declining balance
- declining principal balance
- detailed trial balance
- dormant balance
- double-declining balance
- ecological balance
- economic balance
- electric balance
- electronic balance
- ending balance
- exchange balance
- export balance of payments
- export balance of trade
- export-import balance
- external balance
- external trade balance
- favourable balance
- favourable balance of payments
- fixed assets balance
- food balance
- foreign balance
- foreign exchange balance
- foreign trade balance
- forward balance
- free balance
- fuel balance
- import balance of trade
- in-stock balance
- interbank balance
- interlacing balance
- intersectoral balance
- inventory balance
- inventory-to-sales balance
- invisible balance
- invisible trade balance
- ledger balance
- line balance
- marginal balance
- material balance
- merchandise trade balance
- monthly balance
- national economic balance
- negative balance
- negative balance of payments
- negative balance of trade
- net balance
- net credit balance
- net liquidity balance
- nostro balance
- on-demand trial balance
- opening balance
- overall balance
- overall balance of accounts receivable
- overstated book balance
- overstated inventory balances
- passive balance
- passive balance of trade
- performance balance
- positive balance
- positive balance of trade
- post-closing trial balance
- precision balance
- preclosing trial balance
- preliminary trial balance
- profit balance
- profit-and-loss balance
- reasonable balance
- red balance
- regional balance
- reserve balance
- rough balance
- separate balance
- stock-and-provision balance
- strategic balance
- summary balance
- surplus balance
- till balance
- trade balance
- transactions cash balances
- trial balance
- turnover balance
- unamortized balance
- uncleared balance
- understated book balance
- unexpended balance
- unfavourable balance
- unfavourable balance of payments
- unfavourable balance of trade
- unpaid balance
- value-dated balance
- visible balance
- working balance
- zero balance
- balance between revenue and expenditure flows
- balance in red
- balance in terms of value
- balance in your favour
- balance of all financial operations
- balance of an account
- balance of accounts
- balance of an amount
- balance of bank financing
- balance of claims and liabilities
- balance of commitment
- balance of current transactions
- balance of debt
- balance of expenditures
- balance of external financing
- balance of forces
- balance of foreign debt
- balance of income and expenditure
- balance of indebtedness
- balance of interest
- balance of international payments
- balance of money
- balance of money income and expenditure
- balance of national income
- balance of an order
- balance of payments
- balance of payments on capital account
- balance of payments on current account
- balance of payments surplus
- balance of receipts and disbursements
- balance of savings and investment expenditures
- balance of services
- balance of stock on hand
- balance of surplus account
- balance of trade
- balance on deposit
- balance on hand
- balance brought forward
- balance carried forward
- balance due to
- balance owed to
- balance owing
- balance payable
- balance standing to a customer's credit
- balance standing to customer's debt
- balance standing to one's credit
- balance standing to one's debit
- on balance
- arrive at the balance
- audit a balance
- block a credit balance
- bring forward balances
- bring into balance incomes and expenditures
- carry forward the balance
- deliver the balance of the goods
- disturb balance
- draw up the balance
- make up a balance
- offset a balance
- pay the balance
- produce the balance
- redress the balance of trade
- restore balance
- settle a balance
- show a balance
- strike the balance
- update the balance
- upset balance2. v
- balance the accounts3. attr.English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > balance
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51 specific
1. n специальное, специфическое средство, лекарство от определённой болезни2. n специальное сообщение3. n детали, подробностиthe legal and financial specifics of independence — конкретные юридические и финансовые вопросы, связанные с получением независимости
4. a особый, специальный5. a конкретныйspecific offence — конкретное, данное преступление
specific act — конкретное действие, деяние
6. a характерный, специфическийspecific tariff — специфический тариф; специфическая пошлина
7. a точный, определённый, ограниченный8. a мед. специфическийspecific medicine — специфическое средство, лекарство от определённой болезни
9. a биол. видовой10. a физ. удельныйСинонимический ряд:1. distinctive (adj.) distinctive; individual; unique2. express (adj.) categorical; clean-cut; clear-cut; decided; definite; definitive; explicit; express; positive; unambiguous; unequivocal3. special (adj.) certain; distinct; especial; exact; particular; precise; set; special4. detail (noun) detail; fact; item; particularАнтонимический ряд:common; general; indefinite; nonspecific; unspecific; unspecified; vague -
52 term
1. n период, срок; время; продолжительностьthe Labour Party tried to achieve this during its various terms of office — лейбористская партия пыталась добиться этого в периоды своего пребывания у власти
2. n срок тюремного заключения3. n срок квартальных платежейtenant of the term — владелец на срок; арендатор на срок
4. n семестр, четвертьin term, during term — в течение семестра
5. n триместрEaster term — весенний триместр, пасхальный триместр
Lent term — великопостный триместр, весенний триместр
6. n сессия7. n обыкн. l8. n условияterm of paragraph — условие; раздел
9. n условия оплатыwhat are your terms? — каковы ваши условия?, сколько вы берёте?
10. n обыкн. отношения11. n терминground term — базовый терм; элементарный терм
12. n выражение; слово13. n выражения, язык, способ выражатьсяin set terms — определённо, ясно
in broad terms the history of Shakespeare studies is familiar — в общем и целом история изучения Шекспира известна
14. n уст. граница, предел15. n уст. цель, конечная точка16. n уст. исходная, отправная точка; начало17. n уст. уст. назначенное время; срокlong term — долгий срок; долгосрочный
18. n уст. аренда на срок; срок выполнения обязательств19. n уст. назначенный день уплаты аренды20. n мед. нормальный период беременности; своевременное разрешение от бремениterm infant — ребёнок, родившийся в срок
21. n мед. уст. менструация22. n мед. мат. лог. член, элемент; терм23. n мед. физ. энергетический уровень; терм24. n мед. архит. колонна со скульптурой, пьедестал с бюстом; терм25. v выражать, называтьСинонимический ряд:1. administration (noun) administration; reign; rule2. condition (noun) condition; provision; proviso; qualification; reservation; specification; stipulation3. interval (noun) interval; spell4. life (noun) existence; life; lifetime5. limit (noun) bound; confines; end; limit; limitation6. period (noun) period; season; span7. period of time (noun) course; course of time; period of confinement; period of tenure; period of time; quarter; semester; session8. time (noun) duration; span; stretch; time9. word (noun) appellation; designation; expression; locution; name; nomenclature; phrase; terminology; vocable; word10. name (verb) baptise; baptize; call; characterise; christen; denominate; designate; dub; entitle; label; name; style; tag; title -
53 water
water ['wɔ:tə(r)]1 noun∎ I took a drink of water j'ai bu de l'eau ou un verre d'eau;∎ is the water safe to drink? est-ce que l'eau est potable?;∎ hot and cold running water eau f courante chaude et froide;∎ prisoners were put on bread and water on mit les prisonniers au pain (sec) et à l'eau;∎ they held his head under water ils lui ont tenu la tête sous l'eau;∎ the cellar is under 2 metres of water il y a 2 mètres d'eau dans la cave;∎ my shoes let in water mes chaussures prennent l'eau;∎ the water or waters of the Seine l'eau ou les eaux de la Seine;∎ the ship was making water le bateau prenait l'eau ou faisait eau;∎ figurative they're in rough financial waters ils sont dans une situation financière difficile;∎ that idea won't hold water cette idée ne tient pas debout;∎ familiar you're in hot water now tu vas avoir de gros ennuis□, tu es dans de beaux draps;∎ familiar her statement got us into hot water sa déclaration nous a mis dans le pétrin ou dans de beaux draps;∎ familiar I'm trying to keep my head above water or to stay above water j'essaye de me maintenir à flot ou de faire face;∎ the wine flowed like water le vin coulait à flots;∎ to spend money like water jeter l'argent par les fenêtres;∎ they poured or threw cold water on our suggestion ils n'ont pas été enthousiasmés par notre suggestion;∎ it's like water off a duck's back ça glisse comme sur les plumes d'un canard;∎ it's water under the bridge c'est du passé;∎ a lot of water has passed under the bridge since then il a coulé beaucoup d'eau sous les ponts depuis;(b) (body of water) eau f;∎ the children played at the water's edge les enfants ont joué au bord de l'eau;∎ she fell in the water elle est tombée à l'eau;∎ they sent the goods by water ils ont envoyé la marchandise par bateau∎ at high/low water à marée haute/basse∎ to make or to pass water uriner∎ water on the brain hydrocéphalie f;∎ the baby has water on the brain le bébé est hydrocéphale;∎ to have water on the knee avoir un épanchement de synovie(a) (land, plants) arroser;∎ the land here is watered by the Seine ici, la terre est arrosée ou irriguée par la Seine(c) (dilute → alcohol) couper (d'eau)∎ the smell made my mouth water l'odeur m'a fait venir l'eau à la bouche(a) (territorial) eaux fpl;∎ in Japanese waters dans les eaux (territoriales) japonaises∎ to take the waters prendre les eaux, faire une cure thermale(c) (of pregnant woman) poche f des eaux;∎ her waters broke elle a perdu les eaux, la poche des eaux s'est rompue∎ to cast one's bread upon the waters = se comporter de façon altruiste►► Botany water avens benoîte f des ruisseaux;water bag outre f à eau;British water bailiff garde-pêche m (personne);water bed lit m à matelas d'eau;Entomology water beetle (whirligig beetle) gyrin m, tourniquet m;water bird oiseau m aquatique;water birth accouchement m sous l'eau;British water biscuit = biscuit salé croquant;water blister ampoule f, specialist term phlyctène f;British Administration water board service m des eaux;Entomology water boatman notonecte f;water bomb bombe f à eau;water buffalo (in India) buffle m d'Inde; (in Malaysia) karbau m, kérabau m; (in Asia) buffle m d'Asie;Entomology water bug (water scorpion) nèpe f;water bus navette f (sur eau);water butt citerne f (à eau de pluie);water cannon canon m à eau;water chestnut châtaigne f d'eau;Botany water chickweed mouron m des fontaines;water chute (in swimming-pool) toboggan m;water clock horloge f à eau, clepsydre f;old-fashioned water closet W-C mpl, toilettes fpl, cabinets mpl;water cooler distributeur m d'eau fraîche;familiar Television water cooler show émission f dont tout le monde parle□ ;water cooling refroidissement m par eau;American water cracker = biscuit salé craquant;Geography water cycle cycle m de l'évaporation;water damage dégâts mpl des eaux;Botany water dock oseille f aquatique;Botany water flag flambe f d'eau;Entomology water flea daphnie f, puce f d'eau;water gas gaz m à l'eau;water gauge jauge f d'eau;water glass (for drinking out of) verre m à eau; (water gauge) jauge f d'eau; Chemistry silicate m de potasse;water gun pistolet m à eau;water hammer (in pipes) cognements mpl dans la canalisation;water heater chauffe-eau m inv;Botany water hemlock ciguë f vireuse;water hen poule f d'eau;British water ice sorbet m;water jacket chemise f d'eau;Cars water jet gicleur m d'eau;water jump brook m;Botany water lily nénuphar m;water main conduite f d'eau;water mattress matelas m à eau;water meadow prairie f (souvent inondée);water meter compteur m d'eau;Botany water milfoil volant m d'eau, myriophylle m;Botany water mint menthe f aquatique;water nymph naïade f;Ornithology water ouzel cincle m plongeur, merle m d'eau;Zoology water ox (in India) buffle m d'Inde; (in Malaysia) karbau m, kérabau m; (in Asia) buffle m d'Asie;water park parc m aquatique;Botany water pepper renouée f poivre-d'eau;water pipe Building industry conduite f ou canalisation f d'eau; (hookah) narguilé m;Ornithology water pipit pipit m spioncelle;water pistol pistolet m à eau;water plant plante f aquatique;Botany water plantain plantain m d'eau;Ecology water pollution pollution f des eaux;water polo water-polo m;water power énergie f hydraulique, houille f blanche;water pump pompe f à eau;Ornithology water rail râle m d'eau;Zoology water rat rat m d'eau;British water rate taxe f sur l'eau;Astrology water sign signe m d'eau;water ski ski m nautique;water skier skieur(euse) m,f nautique;water skiing ski m nautique;Zoology water snail hélice f aquatique;Zoology water snake serpent m d'eau;water softener adoucisseur m d'eau;water spaniel épagneul m (qui chasse du gibier d'eau);Entomology water spider araignée f d'eau;water sports (water skiing, windsurfing etc) sports mpl nautiques; vulgar = pratique sexuelle qui consiste à uriner sur son ou sa partenaire;Mythology water sprite ondin(e) m,f;water supply (for campers, troops) provision f d'eau; (to house) alimentation f en eau; (to area, town) distribution f des eaux, approvisionnement m en eau;∎ the water supply has been cut off l'eau a été coupée;water table niveau m de la nappe phréatique;water tank réservoir m d'eau, citerne f;water torture supplice m de l'eau;water tower château m d'eau;water transport transport m par voie d'eau;water vapour vapeur f d'eau;Botany water violet hottonie f des marais;Zoology water vole rat m d'eau -
54 Australian Securities and Investments Commission
Finan Australian federal government body responsible for regulating Australian businesses and the provision of financial products and services to consumers. It was established in 1989, replacing the Australian Securities Commission.Abbr. ASICThe ultimate business dictionary > Australian Securities and Investments Commission
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55 balance of payments on capital account
Fina system of recording a country’s investment transactions with the rest of the world during a given period, usually one year. Among the included transactions are the purchase of physical and financial assets, intergovernmental transfers, and the provision of economic aid to developing nations.The ultimate business dictionary > balance of payments on capital account
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56 callable
Fina financial instrument with a call provision in its indenture -
57 cost-cutting
Gen Mgtthe reduction of the amount of money spent on the operations of an organization or on the provision of products and services. Cost-cutting measures such as budget reductions, salary freezes, and staff redundancies may be taken by an organization at a time of recession or financial difficulty or in situations where inefficiency has been identified. Alternative approaches to cost-cutting include modifying organizational structures and redesigning organizational processes for greater efficiency. Excessive cost-cutting may affect productivity and quality or the organization’s ability to add value. -
58 return on investment
Fina ratio of the profit made in a financial year as a percentage of an investmentAbbr. ROIEXAMPLEThe most basic expression of ROI can be found by dividing a company’s net profit (also called net earnings) by the total investment (total debt plus total equity), then multiplying by 100 to arrive at a percentage:Net profit/Total investment × 100 = ROIIf, say, net profit is $30 and total investment is $250, the ROI is:30/250 = 0.12 × 100 = 12%A more complex variation of ROI is an equation known as the Du Pont formula:(Net profit after taxes/ Total assets) = (Net profit after taxes/ Sales) × Sales/Total assetsIf, for example, net profit after taxes is $30, total assets are $250, and sales are $500, then:30/ 250 = 30/ 500 × 500/250 =12% = 6% × 2 = 12%Champions of this formula, which was developed by the Du Pont Company in the 1920s, say that it helps reveal how a company has both deployed its assets and controlled its costs, and how it can achieve the same percentage return in different ways.For shareholders, the variation of the basic ROI formula used by investors is:Net income + (current value – original value) /original value × 100 = ROIIf, for example, somebody invests $5,000 in a company and a year later has earned $100 in dividends, while the value of the shares is $5,200, the return on investment would be:100 + (5,200 – 5,000)/ 5,000 × 100 (100 + 200)/ 5,000 × 100 = 300/ 5,000 = 0.06 × 100 = 6% ROIIt is vital to understand exactly what a return on investment measures, for example assets, equity, or sales. Without this understanding, comparisons may be misleading. It is also important to establish whether the net profit figure used is before or after provision for taxes. -
59 Gillette, King Camp
[br]b. 5 January 1855 Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, USAd. 9 July 1932 Los Angeles, California, USA[br]American inventor and manufacturer, inventor of the safety razor.[br]Gillette's formal education in Chicago was brought to an end when a disastrous fire destroyed all his father's possessions. Forced to fend for himself, he worked first in the hardware trade in Chicago and New York, then as a travelling salesman. Gillette inherited the family talent for invention, but found that his successful inventions barely paid for those that failed. He was advised by a previous employer, William Painter (inventor of the Crown Cork), to look around for something that could be used widely and then thrown away. In 1895 he succeeded in following that advice of inventing something which people could use and then throw away, so that they would keep coming back for more. An idea came to him while he was honing an old-fashioned razor one morning; he was struck by the fact that only a short piece of the whole length of a cutthroat razor is actually used for shaving, as well as by the potentially dangerous nature of the implement. He "rushed out to purchase some pieces of brass, some steel ribbon used for clock springs, a small hand vise and some files". He thought of using a thin steel blade sharpened on each side, placed between two plates and held firmly together by a handle. Though coming from a family of inventors, Gillette had no formal technical education and was entirely ignorant of metallurgy. For six years he sought a way of making a cheap blade from sheet steel that could be hardened, tempered and sharpened to a keen edge.Gillette eventually found financial supporters: Henry Sachs, a Boston lamp manufacturer; his brother-in-law Jacob Heilbron; and William Nickerson, who had a considerable talent for invention. By skilled trial and error rather than expert metallurgical knowledge, Nickerson devised ways of forming and sharpening the blades, and it was these that brought commercial success. In 1901, the American Safety Razor Company, later to be renamed the Gillette Safety Razor Company, was set up. When it started production in 1903 the company was badly in debt, and managed to sell only fifty-one razors and 168 blades; but by the end of the following year, 90,000 razors and 12.4 million blades had been sold. A sound invention coupled with shrewd promotion ensured further success, and eight plants manufacturing safety razors were established in various parts of the world. Gillette's business experiences led him into the realms of social theory about the way society should be organized. He formulated his views in a series of books published over the years 1894 to 1910. He believed that competition led to a waste of up to 90 per cent of human effort and that want and crime would be eliminated by substituting a giant trust to plan production centrally. Unfortunately, the public in America, or anywhere else for that matter, were not ready for this form of Utopia; no omniscient planners were available, and human wants and needs were too various to be supplied by a single agency. Even so, some of his ideas have found favour: air conditioning and government provision of work for the unemployed. Gillette made a fortune from his invention and retired from active participation in the business in 1913, although he remained President until 1931 and Director until his death.[br]Bibliography"Origin of the Gillette razor", Gillette Blade (February/March).Further ReadingObituary, 1932, New York Times (11 July).J.Jewkes, D.Sawers and R.Stillerman, 1958, The Sources of Invention, London: Macmillan.LRD / IMcN -
60 Hornby, Frank
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 15 May 1863 Liverpool, Englandd. 21 September 1936 Liverpool, England[br]English toy manufacturer and inventor of Meccano kits.[br]Frank Hornby left school at the age of 16 and worked as a clerk, at first for his father, a provision merchant, and later for D.H.Elliott, an importer of meat and livestock, for whom he became Managing Clerk. As a youth he was interested in engineering and in his own small workshop he became a skilled amateur mechanic. He made toys for his children and c.1900 he devised a constructional toy kit consisting of perforated metal strips which could be connected by bolts and nuts. He filed a patent application in January 1901 and, having failed to interest established toy manufacturers, he set up a small business in partnership with his employer, D.H. Elliott, who provided financial support. The kits were sold at first under the name of Mechanics Made Easy, but by 1907 the name Meccano had been registered as a trade mark. The business expanded rapidly and in 1908 Elliott withdrew from the partnership and Hornby continued on his own account, the company being incorporated as Meccano Ltd. Although parts for Meccano were produced at first by various manufacturers, Hornby soon acquired premises to produce all the components under his own control, and between 1910 and 1913 he established his own factory on a 5-acre (2-hectare) site at Binn's Road, Liverpool. The Meccano Magazine, a monthly publication with articles of general engineering interest, developed from a newsletter giving advice on the use of Meccano, and from the first issue in 1916 until 1924 was edited by Frank Hornby. In 1920 he introduced the clockwork Hornby trains, followed by the electric version five years later. These were gauge "0" (1 1/4 in./32 mm); the smaller gauge "00", or Hornby Dublo, was a later development. Another product of Meccano Ltd was the series of model vehicles known as Dinky toys, introduced in 1934.Frank Hornby served as a Member of Parliament for the Everton Division of Liverpool from 1931 to 1935.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMP, 1931–5.Further ReadingD.J.Jeremy (ed.), 1984–6, Dictionary of Business Biography, Vol. 3, London, 345–9 (a useful biography).Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers 127(1934):140–1 (describes the Binn's Road factory).RTS
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