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1 μαχητά
μαχητά̱, μαχητήςfighter: masc nom /voc /acc dualμαχητήςfighter: masc voc sgμαχητήςfighter: masc nom sg (epic)μαχητόςto be fought with: neut nom /voc /acc plμαχητά̱, μαχητόςto be fought with: fem nom /voc /acc dualμαχητά̱, μαχητόςto be fought with: fem nom /voc sg (doric aeolic) -
2 πυγμή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `fist, fist-fight' (Il.); as measure of length = `the distance from the elbow to the knuckles', 18 δάκτυλοι (Thphr., Poll.).Derivatives: πυγμαῖος `as large as a π., dwarf-like' (Hdt., Arist.), nom. pl. "the fistlings", n. of a fable-tale people of dwarves, which was diff. localised (Γ 6, Hecat. etc.); πυγμ-ικός `belonging to fist-fight' (An. Ox.). Shortname Πυγμᾶς m. (Chantraine Études 18). -- On Πυγμαλίων, prob. popular correction of a foreign word, s. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 136. -- πυγών, όνος m. measure of length = `the distance from the elbow to the first finger-joint', 20 δάκτυλοι (Hdt., X.); from this πυγούσιος `one π. long' (κ 517 = λ 25, Arat.), prob. analog. (Risch 115); a *πυγοντ- (cf. Schwyzer 526) is not credible; regular πυγον-ιαῖος `id.' (Hp., Thphr. a.o.). -- πύκτης m. `fist-fighter' (Xenoph., Pi., Att.) with πυκτ-ικός `belonging to fist-fight(ers), brave in fist-fight' (Att.), - οσύνη f. `skilfulness in fist-fight' (Xenoph.; Wyss - σύνη 31), - εύω `to be a fist-fighter, to have a fist-fight' (Att., Boeot.) with - ευσις, - ευτής (Gloss.), - εῖον (Suid.); also with analog. λ-enlargement - αλεύω (Sophr.), - αλίζω (Anacr.) `id.'. -- πύξ adv. `with the fist, in a fist-fight' (esp. ep. poet. Il.); from it πυγ-μάχος m. `fist-fighter', - μαχέω, - μαχία, - ίη (ep. poet. Hom.), univerbation from πὺξ μάχεσθαι; cf. Georgacas Glotta 36, 180.Origin: IE [Indo-European](X) [828] *puḱ-, puǵ- `sting'Etymology: The above words are all built on an element πυγ-, which function may have been both verbal or nominal. To πυγ-μή cf. in the first instance primary formations like παλάμη (s.v.), στιγ-μή, δραχ-μή, but also the ambivalente ἀκ-μή and he purely nominal ἅλ-μη. Of πυγ-ών remind ἀγκ-ών, λαγ-ών, the first perh. verbal, the last prob. nominal (s. on λαγαίω). Also πύκ-της can be taken both primary and secondarily; for πύξ nominal origin seems most probable (s. Schwyzer 620); cf. still πύξ πυγμή H. -- A corresponding l-deriv. is seen in Lat. pug-il m. `fistfighter', an n-formation in pug-nus m. `fist' (to which pugnāre, pugna; to be connected formally with πυγ-ών?). So we arrive at a Lat.-Gr. pug- `fist'. By Fick, Walde a.o. (s. Bq, WP. 2, 15 and W.-Hofmann s. pugil) this group is further connected with pu-n-g-ō, pu-pug-ī `sting', for which we would have to assume a specialisation of `sting' to `sting with clenched fist and knuckles stretched out forward' = 'box'; so pug- `fist' as suffixless nom. ag. prop. * "the stinger, the boxer"? The (orig.) meaning `sting' can still be seen in Lat. pūgiō `dagger', thus, with final tenuis, in πεύκη a. cogn. (s.v.). -- An original meaning `sting' is rather surprising but Lat. pugio seems a good argument; πεύκη may be unrelated.Page in Frisk: 2,619-620Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πυγμή
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3 μαχατάν
μαχᾱτά̱ν, μαχητήςfighter: masc acc sg (epic doric aeolic)μαχᾱτάν, μαχητήςfighter: masc acc sg (doric) -
4 μαχατάς
μαχᾱτά̱ς, μαχητήςfighter: masc acc pl (doric)μαχᾱτά̱ς, μαχητήςfighter: masc nom sg (epic doric aeolic) -
5 μαχητάς
μαχητά̱ς, μαχητήςfighter: masc acc plμαχητά̱ς, μαχητήςfighter: masc nom sg (epic doric aeolic)μαχητά̱ς, μαχητόςto be fought with: fem acc pl -
6 πόλεμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `battle, war' (Il.).Other forms: ep. also πτόλεμος.Dialectal forms: Myc. euru-potoremojo \/ Ευρυ-πτολεμοιο\/.Compounds: Some compp., e.g. πολέμ-αρχος m. "warlord", name of an official (IA., Dor.), φιλο-π(τ)όλεμος `friend of battles, warlike' (Il.).Derivatives: A. Several adj.: 1. πολέμ-ιος `militant, hostile', also subst. `enemy' (Pi., IA.); 2. -ήϊος `belonging to battle, war' (ep. Il.); metr. condit., prob. after Άρήϊος (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 134 w. lit.); 3. - ικός `belonging to war, militant, hostile' (Hdt. 3, 4 as v. l., Att.; Chantraine Études 123 etc.); 4. - ώδης `id.' (Olymp. in Grg.). B. Verbs: 1. πολεμ-έω, often w. prefix, e.g. δια-, κατα-, ἐκ-, `to battle, to fight a war' (IA.) with - ήτωρ (Antioch. Astr.), - ητής (Gytheion IIIp) m. `fighter, warrior', - ητήριον n. `military base, operation base, headquarters' (Plb.); διαπολέμ-ησις f. `ending of the war' (Th.). 2. πολεμ-ίζω ( πτολ-) `to fight' (ep. Il.; metr. for - έω, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 95) with - ιστής m. `fighter, warrior' (ep. Il.), f. - ίστρια (Heraclit. Ep.), - ιστρίς (Tz.), - ιστήριος `belonging to warriors' (IA.). 3. πολεμ-όομαι, - όω, also w. ἐκ- a.o., `to become enemies' (Hdt., Th., X.) with ἐκπολέμ-ωσις f. `the becoming enemies' (Plu.). 4. Desid. πολεμ-ησείω `to wish for war' (Th., D. C.). -- PN, e.g. Πολέμων, from where the plantname πολεμώνιον (Dsc.), s. Strömberg Pfl. 135; Πτολεμαῖος.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Orig. meaning `battle' (beside μάχομαι `fight'), from which (already in Homer) `continuing conflict, war' (beside μάχη `fight'); on this and on other synonyms Trümpy Fachausdr. 122 ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 78 f. On the variation of initial πτ-: π- s. Schwyzer 325 w. lit., also Trümpy 131 ff., Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 75f., Merlingen Μνήμης χάριν 2, 55 f. (cf. also on πόλις); it certainly goes back on a Pre-Greek phenomenon. -- Formally connection is recommended with πελεμίζω `shake, tremble' (Curtius 268 w. older lit.); attempt for a factual argumentation in Kretschmer Glotta 12, 54 ff. ( πόλεμος prop. `exertion, labour' from πελεμίζω `to exert oneself, take trouble[ ?]'; serious objections by Trümpy l.c.); πόλεμος orig. from throwing the lance? Both the noun to be assumed for πελεμίζω and πόλεμος contain a primary μ-suffix and go back on a verbal form cognate with πάλλω. [An idea for which I see no arguments.] -- More on the notion πόλεμος in D. Loenen Polemos. Een studie over oorlog in de griekse oudheid (MAc.Wet.Neth. N. R. 16:3; Amsterdam 1953). -- Pre-Greek origin, then, is obvious (Furnée 317).Page in Frisk: 2,574-575Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πόλεμος
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7 μαχατά
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8 μαχατᾷ
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9 μαχατάν
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10 μαχατᾶν
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11 μαχητή
μαχητήςfighter: masc dat sg (attic epic ionic)μαχητόςto be fought with: fem dat sg (attic epic ionic) -
12 μαχητῇ
μαχητήςfighter: masc dat sg (attic epic ionic)μαχητόςto be fought with: fem dat sg (attic epic ionic) -
13 μαχηταίς
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14 μαχηταῖς
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15 μαχηταί
μαχητήςfighter: masc nom /voc plμαχητόςto be fought with: fem nom /voc pl -
16 μαχητού
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17 μαχητοῦ
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18 μαχητών
μαχητήςfighter: masc gen plμαχητόςto be fought with: fem gen plμαχητόςto be fought with: masc /neut gen pl -
19 μαχητῶν
μαχητήςfighter: masc gen plμαχητόςto be fought with: fem gen plμαχητόςto be fought with: masc /neut gen pl -
20 μαχητέα
μαχητέονone must fight: neut nom /voc /acc plμαχητέᾱ, μαχητέονone must fight: fem nom /voc /acc dualμαχητέᾱ, μαχητέονone must fight: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)μαχητήςfighter: masc acc sg (epic ionic)
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