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exspectare+cursum

  • 1 cursus

    ūs m. [ curro ]
    1) бег, езда, верховая езда (c. celer O, praeceps VP); полёт (c. aĕrius O); плавание (c. longarum navium Cs)
    aliquem cursu superare H (vincere Pl) — опередить кого-л. в беге
    2) состязание в беге, ристание, гонки (c. bigarum quadrigarumque Su)
    3) путь, маршрут, курс, рейс (maritimus C; rectus PJ)
    4) путешествие, поездка ( in Africam VP)
    5) течение (aquae PJ; amnium fontiumque O)
    6) истечение, отделение ( sanguinis e naribus CC)
    7) движение (solis, lunae, siderum C etc.); прохождение (c. vocis per omnes sonos C); ход (rerum C; proeliorum T); направление ( animi C)
    8) (тж. vitae c. C etc. и c. vivendi C) жизненный путь ( transcurrere cursum suum C); карьера (c. honorum C)

    Латинско-русский словарь > cursus

  • 2 cursus

    cursŭs, ūs, m. [curro] [st1]1 [-] action de courir, course.    - ingressus, cursus, Cic. Nat. 1, 94: la marche, la course.    - cursus, accubitio, Cic.: la course, le repos au lit.    - cursu ferri in hostem, Liv.: aller au pas de course sur l'ennemi.    - huc magno cursu contenderunt, Caes. BG. 3, 19, 1: ils se portèrent là, d'une course précipitée.    - cursu tendere ad aliquem, ad locum: se porter rapidement vers qqn, vers un lieu.    - cursus quadrigarum, Suet.: la course des quadriges. [st1]2 [-] course, chemin parcouru, parcours, trajet.    - mihi cursus in Graciam per tuam provinciam est, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 10: pour aller en Grèce, je passe par ta province.    - ad nocturnos ignes cursum dirigere, Suet.: diriger sa course d'après les étoiles.    - tantos cursus conficere, Cic. Pomp. 34: accomplir de si grands parcours.    - cursum dirigere aliquo, Nep. Milt. 1, 6: diriger sa course qq part.    - cursus maritimi, Cic. Nat. 2, 131: courses (voyages) en mer.    - in hoc medio cursu est insula, quae appellatur Mona, Caes. BG. 5: à mi-chemin est l’île qu’on appelle Mona.    - unde in Epirum brevis cursus est, Curt. 10: d'où il n'y avait qu'un court trajet jusqu'en Épire.    - amnes in alium cursum contorti, Cic.: fleuves détournés de leur cours. [st1]3 [-] marche, mouvement (d'un objet inanimé); cours (d'un astre, d'un fleuve); direction, vol.    - stellarum cursus, Cic. Rep. 6, 17: cours des étoiles.    - siderum cursus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 10: cours des astres. [st1]4 [-] cours, circulation, écoulement (du sang...).    - sanguinis ex naribus cursus, Cels.: saignements de nez, hémorragies nasales, épistaxis (gr. έπίσταξις).    - sequitur pituitae cursus nonnumquam copiosior vel acrior, Cels. 6: vient ensuite un écoulement pituiteux parfois assez abondant et acre. [st1]5 [-] course, marche des navires.    - secundissimo vento cursum tenere, Cic. Nat. 3: faire voile par un vent très favorable.    - cursum exspectare, Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1: attendre un vent favorable.    - ut nulla earum (navium) cursum tenere posset, Caes. BG. 4: en sorte qu'aucun d'eux (navires) ne pouvait conserver sa direction.    - Cic. Nat. 2, 87; Mur. 33; Liv. 21, 49, 9, etc. [st1]6 [-] carrière politique (étapes de la vie politique).    - cum praesertim non modo numquam sit aut illius a me cursus impeditus aut ab illo meus, Cic. Br. 3: surtout que, non seulement il n'a jamais entravé ma carrière, ni moi la sienne.    - cursus honorum, Cic. CM 60: carrière politique.    - tuorum honorum cursus, Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 2: le cours de tes magistratures. - voir hors site cursus honorum. [st1]7 [-] cursus publicus: service de la poste, poste (relais établis publiquement pour les voyageurs).    - cursus publici praepositus, C.-Th.: maître de poste.    - vectus mutatione celeri cursus publici, Amm. 21: à force de relais. - voir hors site cursus publicus. [st1]8 [-] au fig. cours, marche; débit (des paroles), allure (du style, du rythme).    - cursus rerum, Cic. Div. 1, 127: le cours des choses.    - totius vitae cursum videt, Cic. Off. 1, 11: il embrasse tout le cours de la vie.    - cursus temporum, Cic.: le cours des événements.    - cursum vitae conficere, Cic. Tusc. 3, 2: achever le cours de son existence.    - in cursu meus dolor est, Ov. M. 13, 508: ma douleur suit son cours, persiste.    - fortuna domusque sospes et in cursu est, Ov. M. 10: la destinée de ta famille est heureuse et suit son cours.    - tantus cursus verborum fuit ut... Cic.: les mots couraient si vite que...    - dicebat citato cursu, sed praeparato, Sen.: son élocution était rapide, mais étudiée.    - verborum cursus incitatus Cic. Br. 233: allure vive, impétueuse du style.    - esse quosdam certos cursus conclusionesque verborum, Cic. Or. 178, [on a remarqué] que les phrases se déroulent et s'achèvent suivant un rythme défini.
    * * *
    cursŭs, ūs, m. [curro] [st1]1 [-] action de courir, course.    - ingressus, cursus, Cic. Nat. 1, 94: la marche, la course.    - cursus, accubitio, Cic.: la course, le repos au lit.    - cursu ferri in hostem, Liv.: aller au pas de course sur l'ennemi.    - huc magno cursu contenderunt, Caes. BG. 3, 19, 1: ils se portèrent là, d'une course précipitée.    - cursu tendere ad aliquem, ad locum: se porter rapidement vers qqn, vers un lieu.    - cursus quadrigarum, Suet.: la course des quadriges. [st1]2 [-] course, chemin parcouru, parcours, trajet.    - mihi cursus in Graciam per tuam provinciam est, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 10: pour aller en Grèce, je passe par ta province.    - ad nocturnos ignes cursum dirigere, Suet.: diriger sa course d'après les étoiles.    - tantos cursus conficere, Cic. Pomp. 34: accomplir de si grands parcours.    - cursum dirigere aliquo, Nep. Milt. 1, 6: diriger sa course qq part.    - cursus maritimi, Cic. Nat. 2, 131: courses (voyages) en mer.    - in hoc medio cursu est insula, quae appellatur Mona, Caes. BG. 5: à mi-chemin est l’île qu’on appelle Mona.    - unde in Epirum brevis cursus est, Curt. 10: d'où il n'y avait qu'un court trajet jusqu'en Épire.    - amnes in alium cursum contorti, Cic.: fleuves détournés de leur cours. [st1]3 [-] marche, mouvement (d'un objet inanimé); cours (d'un astre, d'un fleuve); direction, vol.    - stellarum cursus, Cic. Rep. 6, 17: cours des étoiles.    - siderum cursus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 10: cours des astres. [st1]4 [-] cours, circulation, écoulement (du sang...).    - sanguinis ex naribus cursus, Cels.: saignements de nez, hémorragies nasales, épistaxis (gr. έπίσταξις).    - sequitur pituitae cursus nonnumquam copiosior vel acrior, Cels. 6: vient ensuite un écoulement pituiteux parfois assez abondant et acre. [st1]5 [-] course, marche des navires.    - secundissimo vento cursum tenere, Cic. Nat. 3: faire voile par un vent très favorable.    - cursum exspectare, Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1: attendre un vent favorable.    - ut nulla earum (navium) cursum tenere posset, Caes. BG. 4: en sorte qu'aucun d'eux (navires) ne pouvait conserver sa direction.    - Cic. Nat. 2, 87; Mur. 33; Liv. 21, 49, 9, etc. [st1]6 [-] carrière politique (étapes de la vie politique).    - cum praesertim non modo numquam sit aut illius a me cursus impeditus aut ab illo meus, Cic. Br. 3: surtout que, non seulement il n'a jamais entravé ma carrière, ni moi la sienne.    - cursus honorum, Cic. CM 60: carrière politique.    - tuorum honorum cursus, Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 2: le cours de tes magistratures. - voir hors site cursus honorum. [st1]7 [-] cursus publicus: service de la poste, poste (relais établis publiquement pour les voyageurs).    - cursus publici praepositus, C.-Th.: maître de poste.    - vectus mutatione celeri cursus publici, Amm. 21: à force de relais. - voir hors site cursus publicus. [st1]8 [-] au fig. cours, marche; débit (des paroles), allure (du style, du rythme).    - cursus rerum, Cic. Div. 1, 127: le cours des choses.    - totius vitae cursum videt, Cic. Off. 1, 11: il embrasse tout le cours de la vie.    - cursus temporum, Cic.: le cours des événements.    - cursum vitae conficere, Cic. Tusc. 3, 2: achever le cours de son existence.    - in cursu meus dolor est, Ov. M. 13, 508: ma douleur suit son cours, persiste.    - fortuna domusque sospes et in cursu est, Ov. M. 10: la destinée de ta famille est heureuse et suit son cours.    - tantus cursus verborum fuit ut... Cic.: les mots couraient si vite que...    - dicebat citato cursu, sed praeparato, Sen.: son élocution était rapide, mais étudiée.    - verborum cursus incitatus Cic. Br. 233: allure vive, impétueuse du style.    - esse quosdam certos cursus conclusionesque verborum, Cic. Or. 178, [on a remarqué] que les phrases se déroulent et s'achèvent suivant un rythme défini.
    * * *
        Cursus, huius cursus. Plin. Cours, Course.
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        AEquorei cursus. Valer. Flac. Navigations par mer.
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        Aerius cursus. Ouid. Vol en l'air.
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        Anhelus cursus. Ouid. Qui met la personne à la grosse haleine.
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        Apertus. Stat. Libre, Qui n'ha aucun empeschement.
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        Defraenatus. Ouid. A bride avallee.
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        Fulmineus. Claud. Fort impetueux, Viste comme fouldre.
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        Inoffensus. Seneca. Quand en courant on ne trouve point d'empeschement.
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        A principe cursu rerum. Valer. Flac. Depuis le commencement du monde.
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        Solicitus. Claud. Quand celuy qui court est en grand soulci et chagrin.
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        Collatis cursibus. Valer. Flac. Quand deux accourent l'un contre l'autre pour combatre.
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        Cursu contendere. Virgil. Quand deux courent à qui courra le mieulx.
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        Cursu eunt in eam sententiam. Plin. Tous courent en ceste partie, et sont de ceste opinion.
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        Excutimur cursu. Virgil. Nous sommes destournez et esgarez de nostre chemin.
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        Exhaustus cursu. Lucan. Qui a tant couru qu'il n'en peult plus, Recreu.
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        Iungere cursum equis. Liu. Courir aussi viste que les chevaulx.
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        In liquido aere librare cursus. Ouid. Voler en l'air.
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        Auras prouocare cursibus. Virgil. Aller viste comme le vent.
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        Rapere cursus. Senec. Se haster de courir, Courir hastivement.
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        Repetere cursum. Senec. Recourir, Recommencer sa course, ou son cours.
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        Flumina cursus suos requierunt. Virgil. Ont arresté leurs cours, Les rivieres se sont arrestees.
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        Vides in quo cursu sumus. Cicero. Tu vois en quel train nous sommes.
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        Supprimere habenas cursus aerii. Ouid. Arrester son vol, Cesser de voler.
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        Tendere cursum per iuga. Claud. Courir par les montaignes.
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        Cursum tenere. Cic. Entretenir tousjours le cours commencé.
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        Valere cursu pedum. Virgil. Estre bon coureur.
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        Venire magno cursu. Sil. Venir à la grand course.
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        Cursum beneuolentiae sustinere. Cic. Ne se haster point trop à faire plaisir, Arrester le cours de sa liberalité.
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        Ad honorem eo cursu venit qui semper patuit omnibus. Cic. Par les moyens, Par le chemin, Par la voye qui est ouverte à un chascun.
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        Perspicis qui cursus rerum, qui exitus futurus sit. Cic. Tu vois comment les choses vont, ou doibvent aller, et quelle issue elles auront, ou quelle en sera l'issue.
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        Cursus vitae. Cic. Le cours et brief espace de la vie.
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        Cursus, pro modo viuendi. Plin. iunior, Tenes Caesar hunc cursum. Tu entretiens et continue ceste maniere de faire.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > cursus

  • 3 cursus

    cursus, ūs, m. (curro), der Lauf, zu Wagen = die Fahrt, zu Pferde = der Ritt, u. die Fahrt durch die Luft = Flug usw., im engern Sinne bes. der rasche, volle Lauf, der Eilschritt ( Sturmschritt), der Eilmarsch, der Eilritt, I) eig.: ingressus, cursus, accubitio, inclinatio, sessio etc., Cic.: c. cervorum, Verg. u. Ambros.: c. equorum, Verg.: vulpeculae, Ambros.: c. longarum navium, Caes.: omnis omnium cursus est ad vos, alle kommen zu euch gelaufen (= alle nehmen ihre Zuflucht zu euch), Cic. – c. aërius, Flug durch die Luft, Ov.: c. celer, Ov.: c. effusus, Liv.: c. nimius, Cels.: praeceps (sich überstürzender), Sturmlauf, Sturm (bildl.), Vell.: vagi per omnes vias cursus, Liv.: c. vehemens, Cels.: c. volucer (v. der personif. Zeit), Phaedr. – Volsci cursu et clamore fessi, Liv.: fessum cursu trahens corpus, Liv. – raptim agmen cursus magis quam itineris modo ducere, Curt. – adaequare cursum equorum od. longarum navium, Caes.: concitare boves in cursum, Col.: flectere cursum ad puerilem vagitum (v. einer Wölfin), Liv.: deflectere cursum ad Gallos, Liv.: descendere (ex lectica) et capere cursum, zu laufen anfangen, den Weg eilig zu Fuß fortsetzen, Suet.: duplicare cursum, noch einmal so weit laufen, eine noch einmal so weite Strecke durchlaufen, Caes.: iungere cursum equis, mit den Pferden gleichen Lauf halten (v. Fußsoldaten), Liv.: inhibere paulisper cursum (v. Reiter), Curt.: cursu et lassitudine exanimari, Caes.: fatigare iaculo cursuque cervos, Verg.: cursu fatigari, Petron.: cursu et spatio pugnae defatigari, Caes.: cursu superare canem, Hor.: vincere cervum cursu, Plaut.: emetiri cursu uno die ingens spatium (v. einem Läufer), Liv.: incerto cursu ferri (v. Pferden), Liv. – cursu ire od. ferri in hostem (im Sturmschritt, griech. δρόμῳ), Curt. u. Liv.: cursu tendere ad alqm od. ad locum, Liv. u. Sall.: lustrare terras disiunctissimas non cursibus (eiligen Durchzügen), sed victoriis (Siegesbahnen), Cic.: ingenti cursu refugere (v. Reiterei), Curt. – vix ab impetu et cursu teneri, sich kaum vom Angriff im Sturmschritt abhalten lassen, Liv. – eo cursu, in solchem Laufe, in solcher Eile, so eilig, zB. vix spatium instruendi (aciem) fuit; eo cursu hostes in proelium venerunt, Liv.: u. m. folg. ut u. Konj., ad fretum eo cursu contendit, ut prope repentino adventu incautos oppresserit, Liv. – in cursu esse, im vollen Laufe sein, v. Pers. = in voller Eile reisen, Cic. ad Att. 5, 16, 1; poet. übtr. von lebl. Ggstdn. = im vollen Gange, im vollen od. im besten Zuge sein, dah. auch = noch fortdauern (s. Heinse u. Bach Ov. met. 10, 401), vox erat in cursu, Ov.: dum furor in cursu est, currenti cede furori, Ov.: sex ubi, quae restant, luces Aprilis habebit, in medio cursu tempora veris erunt, Ov. – im Bilde, v. raschen Gange der Rede, v. Redeflusse, interdum cursus in oratione est incitatior, interdum moderata ingressio, Cic.: tantus cursus verborum fuit et sic evolavit oratio, ut etc., Cic.: dicebat citato et effuso cursu, sed praeparato, Sen. rhet.

    So nun bes.: a) der Lauf nach einem bestimmten Ziele zur Übung und um die Wette, der Wettlauf, zu Wagen od. zu Pferde = das Wettrennen, im Gymnasium, im griech. Stadium, im röm. Zirkus, cursus certamen, Ov.: c. bigarum quadrigarumque, Suet.: c. Olympiacus, Cornif. rhet.: c. equester, Pferderennen, Verg. – cursu invictus Echion, Ov.: nobiles equos cursus et spatia probant, Tac. dial.: cursu cum aequalibus certare, Sall.: cursu certare in stadio, Suet.: ibi (in gymnasio) cursu, luctando, hastā, disco se exercere (v. Jünglingen), Plaut.: cursu vincere alqm, Ov.: studere optatam cursu contingere metam, Hor. – im Bilde, der Lauf, das Rennen, Ringen nach dem Ziele, bes. nach dem Ziele der Ehre, Laufbahn, Karriere,illa iactatio cursusque popularis, jenes unruhige Treiben (Drängen) u. Rennen nach der Volksgunst, Cic.: non habet satis magnum campum ille tibi non ignotus cursus animi (meine dir wohlbekannte entschiedene Geistesrichtung), Cic.: honorum tuorum cursus cui suspectus umquam fuit? Cic.: cum numquam sit aut illius a me cursus impeditus aut ab illo meus, Cic.: iam pridem esse in cursu (Ggstz. stadium ingredi), Cic.: in eodem cursu fuisse a Sulla dictatore ad eosdem fere consules, dieselbe Laufbahn gemacht haben vom D. S. anbis zu usw., Cic.: vides in quo cursu simus, in welchem Rennen (nach den höchsten Würden) ich begriffen bin, Cic.: transcurrere cursum suum, rasch, ohne Aufenthalt zu machen, wie mit einem Sprunge seine L. durcheilen (durchmachen), Cic.

    b) der Lauf als in bestimmter Richtung unternommener Weg, die Route, der Kurs, der Marsch, die Reise, die Fahrt, bes. zur See, cursus navigationum tuarum, die Routen deiner Fahrten, Cic.: c. diei totius, Mela: insidiosus rector cursus (v. einem Steuermann), Val. Max. – c. brevis, Curt.: c. maritimus, Cic.: c. prosper, Plin.: c. rectus, Plin. ep.: secundus, Caes.: longi non falsa pericula cursus (Fahrt durch die Luft, Flug), Ov.: unde (ab ora Italiae) in Epirum brevis cursus est, Curt.: in hoc medio cursu est insula, quae appellatur Mona, Caes.: in medio Achaico cursu (mitten auf meiner Fahrt nach A.) te vidi Veliae, Cic.: mihi cursus in Graeciam per tuam provinciam est, Cic.: huc rectus ex Africa c. est, direkte Fahrt, Liv.: quo cursus navibus tutus ex Africa esset, Liv. – commutare cursum (Ggstz. tenere cursum, s. unten), Cic.: imprudentiā aut tempestate paulum suo cursu decedere (abweichen), Caes.: im Bilde, quem neque periculi tempestas neque honoris aura potuit umquam de suo cursu aut spe aut metu demovere, kein Sturm der Gefahr, kein lockender Hauch der Ehre von seiner Bahn abbringen, Cic.: c. dirigere, m. Ang. wohin? durch Advv. od. durch Praepp. od. durch bl. Acc. loc., zB. alio (anderswohin), Val. Max.: eo (dahin), Liv.: quo tendo, Nep.: in Africam, Vell.: ad litora Apolloniatium, Caes.: ad Antiochum, Iustin.: Gades (nach G.), Iustin.: cuius classis cursum esse directum columbae antecendentis volatu, Vell.: ad nocturnos ignes cursum dirigere, Suet.: cursum dirigere per auras in lucos (v. Fluge der Tauben), Verg. – cursum exspectare, günstige Fahrt (auch im Bilde), Cic.: cursum secundum habere (v. Schiffen), Caes.: repentina tranquillitas intermittit cursum, Petron.: impedire alcis cursum (v. Winden), Mela: petere alium cursum, eine andere Route, einen andern Kurs nehmen (v. Reisenden zur See), Cic.: unde et quo tenderent cursum, Liv. – cursum tenere, Kurs halten (= den rechten, geraden Weg verfolgen), u. cursum non tenere od. tenere non posse, den Kurs nicht halten od. nicht halten können, v. Seefahrern u. Schiffen, Caes. u.a. (vgl. Schneider Caes. b. G. 4, 26, 4): u. so secundis ventis od. secundissimo vento cursum tenere, Cic.: cursum non tenere et longius deferri, Caes.: rectum cursum, recta gubernacula in periculum tenere, Plin. ep.: im Bilde, e quibus quoniam tamquam e scopulosis cotibus enavigavit oratio, reliquae disputationis cursum teneamus, in der übrigen Erörterung den geraden Lauf halten (unser vulg. »bei der Stange bleiben«), Cic.: ut te ad istum cursum tenendum, quem a prima aetate suscepisti, cohortentur, die Lebensbahn, Cic.: Polycratis felicitas semper plenis velis prosperum cursum tenuit, Val. Max. – im Bilde, der Weg, der Verlauf, die Bahn des Lebens, totus vitae cursus, Hieron.: reliquus vitae cursus, Cic.: vitae brevis est cursus, gloriae sempiternus, Cic.: aliquod certum genus cursusque vivendi, Cic. (vgl. auch oben demovere de cursu u. tenere cursum): omnem vitae suae cursum in labore corporis atque in animi contentione conficere, Cic.: medium agens cursum aetatis (im mittleren Lebensalter) placidā morte decessit, Amm. 23, 6, 4. – u. der Verlauf, Gang der Begebenheiten u. Zeiten, perspicis qui cursus rerum, qui exitus futurus sit, Cic.: di eodem cursu, quo fluxere adhuc res, ire patiantur, denselben Fortgang nehmen, Curt.: ea natura rerum est et is temporum cursus, ut non possit ista aut tibi aut ceteris fortuna esse diuturna, Cic.: cursum irrevocabilem ingressa ex destinato fluunt, was einmal seinen unveränderlichen Gang genommen hat, verläuft nach Vorherbestimmung, Sen.: inveniendum tandem Britanniae terminum continuo proeliorum cursu, durch eine fortlaufende Reihe von Schlachten, Tac.: temporum vices, volumina saeculorum, cursus annorum, Augustin. serm. 29, 1.

    c) der Lauf der Flüssigkeiten, α) des Wassers, der Gewässer, c. aquae, Plin. ep.: in hac (terra) cursus amnium non torrentes rapidique, sed lenes et vineis campisque irrigui, Iustin.: ex Oceano amnium fontiumuue cursus initium capiunt, Quint.: spatio alvei segnis cursus (fluminis) est, Curt.: vehementior fluminum cursus est prono alveo, Quint.: quosdam exaruisse amnes aut in alium cursum contortos et deflexos videmus, Cic.: si lacus emissus lapsu et cursu suo ad mare profluxisset, Cic.: nec adire poterat ad iusti cursum amnis, Liv.: licet prospicere maris novos cursus, Sen.: Ggstz., maris cursus alterni et recursus, wechselnde Ebbe u. Flut, Sen. ad Helv. 20, 2. – β) (als mediz. t. t.) die Flüssigkeiten des Körpers, c. materiae, Cels.: c. pituitae (Schleimfluß) acer, acerrimus, c. pituitae tenuis, Cels.: leves pituitae cursus, sed assidui, Cels. – c. menstrui, Plin.: c. sanguinis ex naribus, Cels.: ne in inferiores partes factus cursus pedes repleret, Cels.

    d) der Lauf, Umlauf der Himmelskörper, Weltkörper, c. solis, lunae, siderum, stellarum, Cic. u.a.: c. Veneris, Mercurii, Cic.: siderum modus cursusque stellarum (Plur.), Val. Max. – solis cursus annalis, Varro: annui cursus solis, Cic.: stellarum perennes cursus, Cic.: perpetui cursus conversionesque caelestes, Cic.: stellarum cursus sempiterni, Cic.: summus ille caeli stellifer cursus, Cic.: hic lunaris atque infimus c., Cic.: novem lunae cursus, Cic.: illi octo cursus, Cic.: properantis mundi volubilis c., Sen.: solis exortus, cursus, occasus nemo admiratur, Cornif. rhet.: cursus annuos conficere (v. der Sonne), Cic.: cursum suum anno od. XXX fere annis conficere (v. einem Planeten), Cic.: nullum umquam cursus sui vestigium inflectere (v. den Fixsternen), Cic. – annum ad cursum solis accommodare, Suet.: ad cursus lunae in duodecim menses describere annum, Liv.: ad siderum cursum iter dirigere, Curt. – siderum cursus numerosque cognoscere, Quint.: siderum certos constitutosque cursus numeris docere, Quint.: lunae cursu notare tempora, Curt.

    e) der Lauf anderer lebl. Ggstde. nach einer bestimmten Richtung, sowohl in der Bewegung als in der Lage, hic per omnes sonos vocis cursus, das Auf-u. Absteigen durch alle Töne, Cic. de or. 3, 227. – cursus hic et sonus rotundae volubilisque sententiae, Gell. 11, 13, 4. – communia his (larici et abieti) pinoque, ut quadripertitos venarum cursus (Aderngänge) bifidosve habeant vel omnino simplices, Plin. 16, 195.

    II) meton., cursus publicus, der öffentliche, vom Staate eingerichtete Postenlauf, die stationsweise verteilten Posten, Fahrposten, zur Beförderung von Staatsangelegenheiten u. Staatspersonen, praepositus cursus publici, Oberpostmeister, Inscr.: animalia cursus publici, Inscr. u. Cod. Theod.: publici cursus usu permisso, Amm.: vectus mutatione celeri cursus publici, Amm. – dass. c. vehicularius, Capitol. Antonin. Pius 12, 3, od. c. vehicularis, Arcad. dig. 50, 4, 18. § 4. – c. fiscalis (dem Fiskus obliegender), Spart. Hadr. 7, 5. – Vgl. E. Hudemann Geschichte des röm. Postwesens während der Kaiserzeit. Berlin. 1875.

    lateinisch-deutsches > cursus

  • 4 cursus

    cursus, ūs, m. (curro), der Lauf, zu Wagen = die Fahrt, zu Pferde = der Ritt, u. die Fahrt durch die Luft = Flug usw., im engern Sinne bes. der rasche, volle Lauf, der Eilschritt ( Sturmschritt), der Eilmarsch, der Eilritt, I) eig.: ingressus, cursus, accubitio, inclinatio, sessio etc., Cic.: c. cervorum, Verg. u. Ambros.: c. equorum, Verg.: vulpeculae, Ambros.: c. longarum navium, Caes.: omnis omnium cursus est ad vos, alle kommen zu euch gelaufen (= alle nehmen ihre Zuflucht zu euch), Cic. – c. aërius, Flug durch die Luft, Ov.: c. celer, Ov.: c. effusus, Liv.: c. nimius, Cels.: praeceps (sich überstürzender), Sturmlauf, Sturm (bildl.), Vell.: vagi per omnes vias cursus, Liv.: c. vehemens, Cels.: c. volucer (v. der personif. Zeit), Phaedr. – Volsci cursu et clamore fessi, Liv.: fessum cursu trahens corpus, Liv. – raptim agmen cursus magis quam itineris modo ducere, Curt. – adaequare cursum equorum od. longarum navium, Caes.: concitare boves in cursum, Col.: flectere cursum ad puerilem vagitum (v. einer Wölfin), Liv.: deflectere cursum ad Gallos, Liv.: descendere (ex lectica) et capere cursum, zu laufen anfangen, den Weg eilig zu Fuß fortsetzen, Suet.: duplicare cursum, noch einmal so weit laufen, eine noch einmal so weite Strecke durchlaufen, Caes.: iungere cursum equis, mit den Pferden gleichen Lauf halten (v. Fußsolda-
    ————
    ten), Liv.: inhibere paulisper cursum (v. Reiter), Curt.: cursu et lassitudine exanimari, Caes.: fatigare iaculo cursuque cervos, Verg.: cursu fatigari, Petron.: cursu et spatio pugnae defatigari, Caes.: cursu superare canem, Hor.: vincere cervum cursu, Plaut.: emetiri cursu uno die ingens spatium (v. einem Läufer), Liv.: incerto cursu ferri (v. Pferden), Liv. – cursu ire od. ferri in hostem (im Sturmschritt, griech. δρόμῳ), Curt. u. Liv.: cursu tendere ad alqm od. ad locum, Liv. u. Sall.: lustrare terras disiunctissimas non cursibus (eiligen Durchzügen), sed victoriis (Siegesbahnen), Cic.: ingenti cursu refugere (v. Reiterei), Curt. – vix ab impetu et cursu teneri, sich kaum vom Angriff im Sturmschritt abhalten lassen, Liv. – eo cursu, in solchem Laufe, in solcher Eile, so eilig, zB. vix spatium instruendi (aciem) fuit; eo cursu hostes in proelium venerunt, Liv.: u. m. folg. ut u. Konj., ad fretum eo cursu contendit, ut prope repentino adventu incautos oppresserit, Liv. – in cursu esse, im vollen Laufe sein, v. Pers. = in voller Eile reisen, Cic. ad Att. 5, 16, 1; poet. übtr. von lebl. Ggstdn. = im vollen Gange, im vollen od. im besten Zuge sein, dah. auch = noch fortdauern (s. Heinse u. Bach Ov. met. 10, 401), vox erat in cursu, Ov.: dum furor in cursu est, currenti cede furori, Ov.: sex ubi, quae restant, luces Aprilis habebit, in medio cursu tempora veris erunt, Ov. – im Bilde, v. raschen Gange der Rede, v.
    ————
    Redeflusse, interdum cursus in oratione est incitatior, interdum moderata ingressio, Cic.: tantus cursus verborum fuit et sic evolavit oratio, ut etc., Cic.: dicebat citato et effuso cursu, sed praeparato, Sen. rhet.
    So nun bes.: a) der Lauf nach einem bestimmten Ziele zur Übung und um die Wette, der Wettlauf, zu Wagen od. zu Pferde = das Wettrennen, im Gymnasium, im griech. Stadium, im röm. Zirkus, cursus certamen, Ov.: c. bigarum quadrigarumque, Suet.: c. Olympiacus, Cornif. rhet.: c. equester, Pferderennen, Verg. – cursu invictus Echion, Ov.: nobiles equos cursus et spatia probant, Tac. dial.: cursu cum aequalibus certare, Sall.: cursu certare in stadio, Suet.: ibi (in gymnasio) cursu, luctando, hastā, disco se exercere (v. Jünglingen), Plaut.: cursu vincere alqm, Ov.: studere optatam cursu contingere metam, Hor. – im Bilde, der Lauf, das Rennen, Ringen nach dem Ziele, bes. nach dem Ziele der Ehre, Laufbahn, Karriere,illa iactatio cursusque popularis, jenes unruhige Treiben (Drängen) u. Rennen nach der Volksgunst, Cic.: non habet satis magnum campum ille tibi non ignotus cursus animi (meine dir wohlbekannte entschiedene Geistesrichtung), Cic.: honorum tuorum cursus cui suspectus umquam fuit? Cic.: cum numquam sit aut illius a me cursus impeditus aut ab illo meus, Cic.: iam pridem esse in cursu (Ggstz. stadium ingredi), Cic.: in eodem cursu fuisse a Sulla dic-
    ————
    tatore ad eosdem fere consules, dieselbe Laufbahn gemacht haben vom D. S. an bis zu usw., Cic.: vides in quo cursu simus, in welchem Rennen (nach den höchsten Würden) ich begriffen bin, Cic.: transcurrere cursum suum, rasch, ohne Aufenthalt zu machen, wie mit einem Sprunge seine L. durcheilen (durchmachen), Cic.
    b) der Lauf als in bestimmter Richtung unternommener Weg, die Route, der Kurs, der Marsch, die Reise, die Fahrt, bes. zur See, cursus navigationum tuarum, die Routen deiner Fahrten, Cic.: c. diei totius, Mela: insidiosus rector cursus (v. einem Steuermann), Val. Max. – c. brevis, Curt.: c. maritimus, Cic.: c. prosper, Plin.: c. rectus, Plin. ep.: secundus, Caes.: longi non falsa pericula cursus (Fahrt durch die Luft, Flug), Ov.: unde (ab ora Italiae) in Epirum brevis cursus est, Curt.: in hoc medio cursu est insula, quae appellatur Mona, Caes.: in medio Achaico cursu (mitten auf meiner Fahrt nach A.) te vidi Veliae, Cic.: mihi cursus in Graeciam per tuam provinciam est, Cic.: huc rectus ex Africa c. est, direkte Fahrt, Liv.: quo cursus navibus tutus ex Africa esset, Liv. – commutare cursum (Ggstz. tenere cursum, s. unten), Cic.: imprudentiā aut tempestate paulum suo cursu decedere (abweichen), Caes.: im Bilde, quem neque periculi tempestas neque honoris aura potuit umquam de suo cursu aut spe aut metu demovere, kein Sturm
    ————
    der Gefahr, kein lockender Hauch der Ehre von seiner Bahn abbringen, Cic.: c. dirigere, m. Ang. wohin? durch Advv. od. durch Praepp. od. durch bl. Acc. loc., zB. alio (anderswohin), Val. Max.: eo (dahin), Liv.: quo tendo, Nep.: in Africam, Vell.: ad litora Apolloniatium, Caes.: ad Antiochum, Iustin.: Gades (nach G.), Iustin.: cuius classis cursum esse directum columbae antecendentis volatu, Vell.: ad nocturnos ignes cursum dirigere, Suet.: cursum dirigere per auras in lucos (v. Fluge der Tauben), Verg. – cursum exspectare, günstige Fahrt (auch im Bilde), Cic.: cursum secundum habere (v. Schiffen), Caes.: repentina tranquillitas intermittit cursum, Petron.: impedire alcis cursum (v. Winden), Mela: petere alium cursum, eine andere Route, einen andern Kurs nehmen (v. Reisenden zur See), Cic.: unde et quo tenderent cursum, Liv. – cursum tenere, Kurs halten (= den rechten, geraden Weg verfolgen), u. cursum non tenere od. tenere non posse, den Kurs nicht halten od. nicht halten können, v. Seefahrern u. Schiffen, Caes. u.a. (vgl. Schneider Caes. b. G. 4, 26, 4): u. so secundis ventis od. secundissimo vento cursum tenere, Cic.: cursum non tenere et longius deferri, Caes.: rectum cursum, recta gubernacula in periculum tenere, Plin. ep.: im Bilde, e quibus quoniam tamquam e scopulosis cotibus enavigavit oratio, reliquae disputationis cursum teneamus, in der übrigen Erörterung den
    ————
    geraden Lauf halten (unser vulg. »bei der Stange bleiben«), Cic.: ut te ad istum cursum tenendum, quem a prima aetate suscepisti, cohortentur, die Lebensbahn, Cic.: Polycratis felicitas semper plenis velis prosperum cursum tenuit, Val. Max. – im Bilde, der Weg, der Verlauf, die Bahn des Lebens, totus vitae cursus, Hieron.: reliquus vitae cursus, Cic.: vitae brevis est cursus, gloriae sempiternus, Cic.: aliquod certum genus cursusque vivendi, Cic. (vgl. auch oben demovere de cursu u. tenere cursum): omnem vitae suae cursum in labore corporis atque in animi contentione conficere, Cic.: medium agens cursum aetatis (im mittleren Lebensalter) placidā morte decessit, Amm. 23, 6, 4. – u. der Verlauf, Gang der Begebenheiten u. Zeiten, perspicis qui cursus rerum, qui exitus futurus sit, Cic.: di eodem cursu, quo fluxere adhuc res, ire patiantur, denselben Fortgang nehmen, Curt.: ea natura rerum est et is temporum cursus, ut non possit ista aut tibi aut ceteris fortuna esse diuturna, Cic.: cursum irrevocabilem ingressa ex destinato fluunt, was einmal seinen unveränderlichen Gang genommen hat, verläuft nach Vorherbestimmung, Sen.: inveniendum tandem Britanniae terminum continuo proeliorum cursu, durch eine fortlaufende Reihe von Schlachten, Tac.: temporum vices, volumina saeculorum, cursus annorum, Augustin. serm. 29, 1.
    c) der Lauf der Flüssigkeiten, α) des Wassers, der
    ————
    Gewässer, c. aquae, Plin. ep.: in hac (terra) cursus amnium non torrentes rapidique, sed lenes et vineis campisque irrigui, Iustin.: ex Oceano amnium fontiumque cursus initium capiunt, Quint.: spatio alvei segnis cursus (fluminis) est, Curt.: vehementior fluminum cursus est prono alveo, Quint.: quosdam exaruisse amnes aut in alium cursum contortos et deflexos videmus, Cic.: si lacus emissus lapsu et cursu suo ad mare profluxisset, Cic.: nec adire poterat ad iusti cursum amnis, Liv.: licet prospicere maris novos cursus, Sen.: Ggstz., maris cursus alterni et recursus, wechselnde Ebbe u. Flut, Sen. ad Helv. 20, 2. – β) (als mediz. t. t.) die Flüssigkeiten des Körpers, c. materiae, Cels.: c. pituitae (Schleimfluß) acer, acerrimus, c. pituitae tenuis, Cels.: leves pituitae cursus, sed assidui, Cels. – c. menstrui, Plin.: c. sanguinis ex naribus, Cels.: ne in inferiores partes factus cursus pedes repleret, Cels.
    d) der Lauf, Umlauf der Himmelskörper, Weltkörper, c. solis, lunae, siderum, stellarum, Cic. u.a.: c. Veneris, Mercurii, Cic.: siderum modus cursusque stellarum (Plur.), Val. Max. – solis cursus annalis, Varro: annui cursus solis, Cic.: stellarum perennes cursus, Cic.: perpetui cursus conversionesque caelestes, Cic.: stellarum cursus sempiterni, Cic.: summus ille caeli stellifer cursus, Cic.: hic lunaris atque infimus c., Cic.: novem lunae cursus, Cic.: illi octo cur-
    ————
    sus, Cic.: properantis mundi volubilis c., Sen.: solis exortus, cursus, occasus nemo admiratur, Cornif. rhet.: cursus annuos conficere (v. der Sonne), Cic.: cursum suum anno od. XXX fere annis conficere (v. einem Planeten), Cic.: nullum umquam cursus sui vestigium inflectere (v. den Fixsternen), Cic. – annum ad cursum solis accommodare, Suet.: ad cursus lunae in duodecim menses describere annum, Liv.: ad siderum cursum iter dirigere, Curt. – siderum cursus numerosque cognoscere, Quint.: siderum certos constitutosque cursus numeris docere, Quint.: lunae cursu notare tempora, Curt.
    e) der Lauf anderer lebl. Ggstde. nach einer bestimmten Richtung, sowohl in der Bewegung als in der Lage, hic per omnes sonos vocis cursus, das Auf- u. Absteigen durch alle Töne, Cic. de or. 3, 227. – cursus hic et sonus rotundae volubilisque sententiae, Gell. 11, 13, 4. – communia his (larici et abieti) pinoque, ut quadripertitos venarum cursus (Aderngänge) bifidosve habeant vel omnino simplices, Plin. 16, 195.
    II) meton., cursus publicus, der öffentliche, vom Staate eingerichtete Postenlauf, die stationsweise verteilten Posten, Fahrposten, zur Beförderung von Staatsangelegenheiten u. Staatspersonen, praepositus cursus publici, Oberpostmeister, Inscr.: animalia cursus publici, Inscr. u. Cod. Theod.: publici cursus
    ————
    usu permisso, Amm.: vectus mutatione celeri cursus publici, Amm. – dass. c. vehicularius, Capitol. Antonin. Pius 12, 3, od. c. vehicularis, Arcad. dig. 50, 4, 18. § 4. – c. fiscalis (dem Fiskus obliegender), Spart. Hadr. 7, 5. – Vgl. E. Hudemann Geschichte des röm. Postwesens während der Kaiserzeit. Berlin. 1875.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > cursus

  • 5 cursus

    cursus, ūs, m. [id.], a running ( on foot, on a horse, chariot, ship, etc.), a course, way, march, passage, voyage, journey, etc. (very freq.).
    I.
    Lit.
    1.
    Of living beings:

    ingressus, cursus, accubitio, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 94:

    ibi cursu, luctando... sese exercebant,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 24; cf. id. Most. 1, 2, 73, and Hor. A. P. 412:

    quique pedum cursu valet, etc.,

    Verg. A. 5, 67:

    cursu superare canem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 51:

    milites cursu exanimati,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    huc magno cursu intenderunt,

    at full speed, id. ib. 3, 19:

    magno cursu concitatus,

    id. B. C. 1, 70:

    cursu incitatus,

    id. ib. 1, 79; 3, 46; Auct. B. Alex. 20; cf.:

    in cursu esse,

    Cic. Att. 5, 16, 1; cf. II. fin. infra:

    strictis gladiis cursu in hostem feruntur,

    advance at a run, Liv. 9, 13, 2:

    effuso cursu,

    id. 2, 50, 6:

    eo cursu proripere, ut, etc.,

    id. 24, 26, 12; 31, 21, 6:

    eo cursu, Auct. B. Alex 30: eodem cursu contendere,

    right onward, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; cf. id. B. G. 6, 67: citato cursu. Just. 11, 15, 2:

    cursus in Graeciam per tuam provinciam,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 10:

    quis umquam tam brevi tempore tot loca adire, tantos cursus conficere potuit?

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34:

    (terrae) tuis non dicam cursibus, sed victoriis lustratae sunt,

    id. ib. 2, 5:

    agmen cursūs magis quam itineris modo ducit,

    Curt. 5, 13, 5; 6, 1, 12; Just. 15, 3, 11; 11, 8, 2:

    Miltiades cursum direxit, quo tendebat,

    Nep. Milt. 1, 6; Vell. 2, 19, 4; 1, 4, 1:

    Ulixi per mare,

    Hor. C. 1, 6, 7:

    iterare cursus relictos,

    id. ib. 1, 34, 4:

    Naxon, ait Liber, cursus advertite vestros,

    Ov. M. 3, 636 et saep.; cf. B.: cursum per [p. 504] auras Derigere, Verg. A. 6, 194; so of flying, Ov. M. 2, 838; 4, 787 al.—
    b.
    Cursum tenere (in a march or on shipboard), to hold one's course, to maintain a direct course:

    equites cursum tenere atque insulam capere non potuerant,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:

    Dionysius cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83; Caes. B. G. 5, 8; cf. 2. b. —
    2.
    Of inanimate objects:

    solis cursus lunaeque meatus Expediam,

    Lucr. 5, 77; cf. id. 5, 772 al.:

    lunae,

    id. 5, 629; cf. id. 5, 630:

    stellarum,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    neque clara suo percurrere fulmina cursu Perpetuo possint,

    Lucr. 1, 1003:

    si lacus emissus lapsu et cursu suo ad mare profluxisset,

    Cic. Div. 1, 44, 100; so of the course or flow of a stream, Ov. M. 1, 282; 9, 18; Plin. 5, 24, 20, § 85:

    longarum navium,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8; cf. Cic. Mur. 15, 33; id. Off. 3, 12, 50 al.:

    Aquilonis et Austri,

    Lucr. 5, 688; cf. id. 6, 302:

    menstrui,

    Plin. 11, 39, 94, § 230:

    quadripertiti venarum,

    id. 16, 39, 76, § 195 et saep.—
    b.
    Cursum tenere, as supra, 1. b.:

    tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut nulla earum (navium) cursum tenere posset,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 28.—
    B.
    Meton.
    1.
    Cursum exspectare, to wait for a fair wind (lit. for a passage), Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1.—
    2.
    (Abstr. pro concr.) Cursus publici, in the time of the emperors, posts or relays divided into stations, for the speedy transmission of information upon state affairs, Cod. Just. 12, 51; Cod. Th. 8, 5; Inscr. Orell. 3181; 3329; cf.

    . equi publici,

    Amm. 14, 6, 16:

    vehicula publica,

    id. 21, 13, 7:

    cursus vehicularius,

    Capitol. Ant. P. 12, 3:

    vehicularis,

    Dig. 50, 4, 18, § 4:

    cursus fiscalis,

    Spart. Had. 7; v. Suet. Aug. 49.—
    II.
    Trop. (freq. in Cic. and Quint.), a course, progress, direction, way:

    qui cursus rerum, qui exitus futurus sit,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; cf. Tac. H. 4, 34; id. Agr. 39:

    implicari aliquo certo genere cursuque vivendi,

    Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117:

    vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,

    id. Sest. 21, 47:

    reliquus vitae cursus,

    id. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

    totius vitae cursum videre,

    id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

    omnem vitae suae cursum conficere,

    id. Cael. 17, 39:

    in omni vitae cursu optimum visum est, ut, etc.,

    Macr. S. 1, 2, 3:

    temporum,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 2:

    tuorum honorum,

    id. ib. 3, 11, 2; cf. Tac. H. 1, 48:

    continuus proeliorum,

    id. Agr. 27 al.:

    cursus vocis per omnis sonos,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

    cursus verborum,

    id. ib. 1, 35, 161; so of the motion or flow of discourse, etc., id. Part. Or. 15, 52; Quint. 8, prooem. § 27;

    9, 4, 70: cursus hic et sonus rotundae volubilisque sententiae,

    Gell. 11, 13, 4:

    quem enim cursum industria mea tenere potuisset sine forensibus causis, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 11; cf. id. Or. 1, 4:

    nos in eodem cursu fuimus a Sullā dictatore ad eosdem fere consules,

    id. Brut. 96, 328; so,

    esse in cursu,

    to go on, continue, Ov. M. 13, 508; id. F. 6, 362.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cursus

  • 6 cursus

        cursus ūs, m    [1 CEL-], a running, course, way, march, passage, voyage, journey: cursum quom institeris, T.: navium, Cs.: ingressus, cursus, accubitio: cursu cum aequalibus certare, S.: cursu contingere metam, H.: se cursu miratur in ipso, O.: quique pedum cursu valet, V.: huc magno cursu intenderunt, at full speed, Cs.: cursu Troas agebat, V.: cursu in hostem feruntur, advance at a run, L.: cursum in medios dedit, rushed, V.: effuso cursu, L.: eodem cursu contendere, right onward, Cs.: tam brevi tempore tantos cursūs conficere: cursum direxit, quo tendebat, N.: iterare cursūs relictos, H.: Hunc morem cursūs docuit, sort of race, V.: Cursibus decernere, in racing, V.: Quo cursu deserta petiverit, flight, V.: in hoc medio cursu, i. e. half-way across, Cs.: secundissimo vento cursum tenere.—Of things, a course, way, flow: stellarum: mutata suos flumina cursūs, movement, V.: Cursibus obliquis fluens, O. — A passage: cursum exspectare, i. e. a fair wind.—Poet.: et vi cursus in altum Vela vocet, V.—Fig., a course, progress, direction, way, passage, access, succession: rerum: vitae: quem dederat cursum fortuna, V.: temporum: continuus proeliorum, Ta.: vocis per omnīs sonos: invectus contexere cursu, i. e. in a breath, Iu.: In cursu meus dolor est, i. e. is permanent, O.: recto depellere cursu, from virtue, H.
    * * *
    running; speed/zeal; charge, onrush; forward movement/march; revolution (wheel); course/direction, line of advance, orbit; voyage/passage; race; career; series; lesson

    Latin-English dictionary > cursus

  • 7 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    ► a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

  • 8 alienum

    ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].
    I.
    Adj.
    A.
    In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:

    in aedīs inruit Alienas,

    id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125:

    alienae partes anni,

    Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149:

    pecuniis alienis locupletari,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

    cura rerum alienarum,

    id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83:

    alienos mores ad suos referre,

    Nep. Epam. 1, 1:

    in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni,

    Cic. Sest. 20:

    semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est,

    Sall. C. 7, 2:

    amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare,

    id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.:

    aliena mulier,

    another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37:

    mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta,

    of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46:

    virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt,

    id. 35, 43:

    alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus,

    Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19:

    oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2:

    alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi,

    Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.:

    pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit,

    Suet. Calig. 36:

    epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,

    i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20:

    te conjux aliena capit,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116:

    vulnus,

    intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena [p. 85] cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139:

    alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites,

    i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also:

    aliena nomina,

    debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:

    alienus est ab nostrā familiā,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.:

    multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt,

    to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31:

    non alienus sanguine regibus,

    Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.—

    Hence alienus and propinquus are antith.,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 19:

    ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim,

    id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.:

    ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur,

    id. ib. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:

    in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

    homo non alienus a litteris,

    not a stranger to, not unversed in, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—
    3.
    Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.
    (α).
    With gen.:

    pacis (deorum),

    Lucr. 6, 69:

    salutis,

    id. 3, 832:

    aliarum rerum,

    id. 6, 1064:

    dignitatis alicujus,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11:

    neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti),

    convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    quod illi causae maxime est alienum,

    Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—
    (γ).
    With abl.:

    neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā,

    Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83:

    homine alienissimum,

    id. Off. 1, 13, 41:

    dignitate imperii,

    id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18:

    amicitiā,

    id. Fam. 11, 27:

    existimatione meā,

    id. Att. 6, 1:

    domus magis his aliena malis,

    farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50:

    loco, tempore,

    Quint. 6, 3, 33.—
    (δ).
    With ab:

    alienum a vitā meā,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:

    a sapiente,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

    a dignitate,

    id. Fam. 4, 7:

    navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate,

    id. Att. 16, 3.—
    (ε).
    With inf. or clause as subject:

    nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri,

    Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23:

    non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere,

    Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—
    4.
    Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:

    illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24:

    a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus,

    id. Lael. 8 fin.:

    sin a me est alienior,

    id. Fam. 2, 17:

    ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere,

    id. ib. 15, 4 al.:

    Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus,

    Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf.

    Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

    alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit,

    Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16:

    ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67:

    vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus,

    id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—
    5.
    In medic. lang.
    a.
    Of the body, dead, corrupted, paralyzed (cf. alieno, II. B. 2.), Scrib. Comp. 201.—
    b.
    Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):

    Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant,

    Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—
    II.
    Subst.
    1.
    ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.
    a.
    One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:

    apud me cenant alieni novem,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21:

    ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

    quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos,

    id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19:

    quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur,

    Vulg. Gen. 42, 7:

    a filiis suis an ab alienis?

    ib. Matt. 17, 24:

    cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni,

    Cic. Lael. 5:

    quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum,

    Vell. 2, 76.—
    b.
    One not related to a person or thing:

    in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

    Cic. Mil. 28, 76:

    vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur,

    Col. 3, 21, 3.—
    2.
    ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:

    Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 5, 1:

    alieno abstinuit,

    Suet. Tit. 7:

    ex alieno largiri,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so,

    de alieno largiri,

    Just. 36, 3, 9:

    alieni appetens, sui profugus,

    Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5:

    in aliena aedificium exstruere,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.:

    in alieno solo aedificare,

    Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur.,
    a.
    The property of a stranger:

    quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena?

    Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—
    b.
    The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;

    humani nihil a me alienum puto,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23:

    aliena ut melius videant quam sua,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—
    c.
    Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:

    Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc.,

    Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person:

    Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 19:

    interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui,

    Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).
    ► Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > alienum

  • 9 alienus

    ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].
    I.
    Adj.
    A.
    In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:

    in aedīs inruit Alienas,

    id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125:

    alienae partes anni,

    Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149:

    pecuniis alienis locupletari,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

    cura rerum alienarum,

    id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83:

    alienos mores ad suos referre,

    Nep. Epam. 1, 1:

    in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni,

    Cic. Sest. 20:

    semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est,

    Sall. C. 7, 2:

    amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare,

    id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.:

    aliena mulier,

    another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37:

    mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta,

    of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46:

    virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt,

    id. 35, 43:

    alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus,

    Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19:

    oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2:

    alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi,

    Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.:

    pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit,

    Suet. Calig. 36:

    epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,

    i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20:

    te conjux aliena capit,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116:

    vulnus,

    intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena [p. 85] cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139:

    alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites,

    i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also:

    aliena nomina,

    debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:

    alienus est ab nostrā familiā,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.:

    multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt,

    to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31:

    non alienus sanguine regibus,

    Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.—

    Hence alienus and propinquus are antith.,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 19:

    ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim,

    id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.:

    ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur,

    id. ib. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:

    in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

    homo non alienus a litteris,

    not a stranger to, not unversed in, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—
    3.
    Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.
    (α).
    With gen.:

    pacis (deorum),

    Lucr. 6, 69:

    salutis,

    id. 3, 832:

    aliarum rerum,

    id. 6, 1064:

    dignitatis alicujus,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11:

    neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti),

    convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    quod illi causae maxime est alienum,

    Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—
    (γ).
    With abl.:

    neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā,

    Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83:

    homine alienissimum,

    id. Off. 1, 13, 41:

    dignitate imperii,

    id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18:

    amicitiā,

    id. Fam. 11, 27:

    existimatione meā,

    id. Att. 6, 1:

    domus magis his aliena malis,

    farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50:

    loco, tempore,

    Quint. 6, 3, 33.—
    (δ).
    With ab:

    alienum a vitā meā,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:

    a sapiente,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

    a dignitate,

    id. Fam. 4, 7:

    navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate,

    id. Att. 16, 3.—
    (ε).
    With inf. or clause as subject:

    nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri,

    Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23:

    non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere,

    Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—
    4.
    Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:

    illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24:

    a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus,

    id. Lael. 8 fin.:

    sin a me est alienior,

    id. Fam. 2, 17:

    ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere,

    id. ib. 15, 4 al.:

    Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus,

    Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf.

    Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

    alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit,

    Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16:

    ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67:

    vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus,

    id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—
    5.
    In medic. lang.
    a.
    Of the body, dead, corrupted, paralyzed (cf. alieno, II. B. 2.), Scrib. Comp. 201.—
    b.
    Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):

    Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant,

    Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—
    II.
    Subst.
    1.
    ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.
    a.
    One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:

    apud me cenant alieni novem,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21:

    ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

    quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos,

    id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19:

    quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur,

    Vulg. Gen. 42, 7:

    a filiis suis an ab alienis?

    ib. Matt. 17, 24:

    cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni,

    Cic. Lael. 5:

    quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum,

    Vell. 2, 76.—
    b.
    One not related to a person or thing:

    in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

    Cic. Mil. 28, 76:

    vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur,

    Col. 3, 21, 3.—
    2.
    ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:

    Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 5, 1:

    alieno abstinuit,

    Suet. Tit. 7:

    ex alieno largiri,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so,

    de alieno largiri,

    Just. 36, 3, 9:

    alieni appetens, sui profugus,

    Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5:

    in aliena aedificium exstruere,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.:

    in alieno solo aedificare,

    Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur.,
    a.
    The property of a stranger:

    quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena?

    Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—
    b.
    The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;

    humani nihil a me alienum puto,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23:

    aliena ut melius videant quam sua,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—
    c.
    Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:

    Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc.,

    Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person:

    Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 19:

    interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui,

    Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).
    ► Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > alienus

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