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emergency+warning+order

  • 1 срочное предварительное распоряжение

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > срочное предварительное распоряжение

  • 2 evitar

    v.
    1 to avoid, to prevent (impedir) (desastre, accidente).
    podría haberse evitado esta catástrofe this disaster could have been avoided o prevented
    evitar que alguien haga algo to stop o prevent somebody from doing something
    Ricardo previno el accidente Richard prevented the accident.
    María se guarda de decir mentiras Mary takes care not to tell lies.
    2 to avoid (eludir) (cuestión, persona).
    no puede evitarlo he can't help it
    Javier siempre evita encontrarse conmigo Javier always avoids meeting me
    3 to save.
    esto me evita tener que ir this saves me (from) having to go
    * * *
    1 (gen) to avoid
    2 (impedir) to prevent, avoid
    3 (ahorrar) to spare, save
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=eludir) to avoid
    2) (=ahorrar) to save

    me evita (el) tener que... — it saves me having to...

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) (eludir, huir de) to avoid
    b) ( impedir) to avoid, prevent

    para evitar que sufran — to avoid o prevent them suffering

    c) ( ahorrar)

    evitarle algo a alguien — <molestia/preocupación> to save o spare somebody something

    2.
    evitarse v pron < problemas> to save oneself
    * * *
    = avoid, bypass [by-pass], eschew, guard against, impede, prevent, shy away from, deflect, forestall, avert, preempt [pre-empt], shun, be shy of + Gerundio, sidestep [side-step], steer + clear of, steer away from, get (a)round, shy from, stay away from, stave off, baulk [balk, -USA], hamstring, ward off, head off, skirt, give + Nombre + a wide berth.
    Ex. This situation requires a very skilled information worker if total disaster is to be avoided.
    Ex. She repeatedly bypassed the catalog because she was an inveterate fiction reader and approached the A section of the fiction shelf expecting to find Sholom Aleichem under ALEICHEM.
    Ex. However, most contributors to the debate about the future of SLIS have eschewed practicalities in favour of sweeping and dramatic generalizations.
    Ex. The system will ask you to enter the new password a second time to help guard against keying errors.
    Ex. In early 1984 we were invited to undertake a survey of the fourteen schools of librarianship and information studies in England and Wales, giving particular attention to the constraints impeding or preventing desirable change.
    Ex. To prevent an entry under the first name(s), these must be entered on a separate line with the subfield code 'j'.
    Ex. Those who conscientiously attempt to keep abreast of current thought might well shy away from an examination calculated to show how much of the previous month's efforts could be produced on call.
    Ex. Questions such as 'Can I help you?' on the part of the librarian are easily deflected by a hasty, perhaps automatic and ill-considered, 'Oh, no thanks' by the user.
    Ex. In order to forestall such an event, some libraries in Britain were stung into action by the publication of an Act of Parliament which totally ignored public libraries.
    Ex. He often did this, almost unconsciously, to avert an immediate sign of reaction to an irksome confrontation.
    Ex. This article concludes that the main value of the indicators is as a management tool, as a means of preempting problems.
    Ex. Traditionally these books have been shunned because of their fragile nature, but librarians are finding that a small collection can enliven story times.
    Ex. Printers or publishers were sometimes shy of giving their real names -- usually because a book was treasonable, or libellous, or a piracy -- and for similar reasons they might give a false place of publication and a false date.
    Ex. This article discusses how to start projects on the right footing by defining objectives and planning properly to help sidestep pitfalls which can be associated with bespoke software development.
    Ex. This entire target market has steered clear of the public library.
    Ex. This article gives guidance for steering away from some of the more obvious pitfalls when buying software.
    Ex. The view of most users is that they can get around the restriction in a number of ways.
    Ex. I have not shied from identifying some of the obstacles to achieving this vision.
    Ex. This, again, is an area most libraries -- at least the ones I'm familiar with -- have tended to stay away from.
    Ex. They resorted to exercising to stave off unwanted weight gain believed to be caused by alcohol use.
    Ex. While many scholars concede that military interventions are sometimes permissible, they balk when it comes to deciding whether they are ever a moral duty.
    Ex. Instead, the proposed regulations would hamstring public access.
    Ex. The most strenuous efforts will not always ensure success, nor the boldest arm of human power ward off the stroke of misfortune.
    Ex. And this stimulus is working in the sense that it has headed off the imminent risk of a deflationary spiral.
    Ex. Bridleways that cross arable land may be legally ploughed up, but not those that skirt a field.
    Ex. Under the new law, motorists must give 'a wide berth' to stationary emergency vehicles displaying blue, red, or amber emergency warning lights.
    ----
    * acto de evitar = avoidance.
    * agacharse para evitar = duck out of + harm's way.
    * el evitar = avoidance.
    * evitar discutir una cuestión = circumvent + issue.
    * evitar el desastre = ward off + disaster.
    * evitar el encuentro con = steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.
    * evitar el enfrentamiento = avoid + confrontation.
    * evitar el mal = shun + evil.
    * evitar la confrontación = avoid + confrontation.
    * evitar la fama = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.
    * evitar la publicidad = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.
    * evitar + Nombre = get (a)round + Nombre.
    * evitar polémicas = eschew + issues.
    * evitar problemas = stay out of + trouble.
    * evitar que = keep from.
    * evitar que + entrar = keep + Nombre + out.
    * evitar que + escapar = keep + Nombre + in.
    * evitar que + Nombre + Subjuntivo = save + Nombre + from + Gerundio.
    * evitar que + salir = keep + Nombre + in.
    * evitar ser afectado = escape + unaffected.
    * evitar temas delicados = eschew + issues.
    * evitar una cuestión = skirt + issue, tiptoe around + issue.
    * evitar una infección = prevent + infection.
    * evitar un error = avoid + error.
    * evitar un problema = avoid + problem.
    * evitar un riesgo = duck + risk.
    * evitar un tema = skirt + issue, tiptoe around + issue.
    * forma de evitar Algo = way round + Algo.
    * forma de evitar una dificultad = way (a)round + difficulty.
    * forma de evitar un problema = way round + problem.
    * intentar evitar = fight + shy of.
    * lo que hay que hacer y lo que hay que evitar = do's and don'ts, rights and wrongs.
    * no poder evitar + Infinitivo = cannot help + Gerundio, cannot help but + Verbo.
    * no poder evitar mencionar = cannot but notice.
    * no pude evitar notar que = couldn't help but notice (that).
    * para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.
    * proteger Algo para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) (eludir, huir de) to avoid
    b) ( impedir) to avoid, prevent

    para evitar que sufran — to avoid o prevent them suffering

    c) ( ahorrar)

    evitarle algo a alguien — <molestia/preocupación> to save o spare somebody something

    2.
    evitarse v pron < problemas> to save oneself
    * * *
    = avoid, bypass [by-pass], eschew, guard against, impede, prevent, shy away from, deflect, forestall, avert, preempt [pre-empt], shun, be shy of + Gerundio, sidestep [side-step], steer + clear of, steer away from, get (a)round, shy from, stay away from, stave off, baulk [balk, -USA], hamstring, ward off, head off, skirt, give + Nombre + a wide berth.

    Ex: This situation requires a very skilled information worker if total disaster is to be avoided.

    Ex: She repeatedly bypassed the catalog because she was an inveterate fiction reader and approached the A section of the fiction shelf expecting to find Sholom Aleichem under ALEICHEM.
    Ex: However, most contributors to the debate about the future of SLIS have eschewed practicalities in favour of sweeping and dramatic generalizations.
    Ex: The system will ask you to enter the new password a second time to help guard against keying errors.
    Ex: In early 1984 we were invited to undertake a survey of the fourteen schools of librarianship and information studies in England and Wales, giving particular attention to the constraints impeding or preventing desirable change.
    Ex: To prevent an entry under the first name(s), these must be entered on a separate line with the subfield code 'j'.
    Ex: Those who conscientiously attempt to keep abreast of current thought might well shy away from an examination calculated to show how much of the previous month's efforts could be produced on call.
    Ex: Questions such as 'Can I help you?' on the part of the librarian are easily deflected by a hasty, perhaps automatic and ill-considered, 'Oh, no thanks' by the user.
    Ex: In order to forestall such an event, some libraries in Britain were stung into action by the publication of an Act of Parliament which totally ignored public libraries.
    Ex: He often did this, almost unconsciously, to avert an immediate sign of reaction to an irksome confrontation.
    Ex: This article concludes that the main value of the indicators is as a management tool, as a means of preempting problems.
    Ex: Traditionally these books have been shunned because of their fragile nature, but librarians are finding that a small collection can enliven story times.
    Ex: Printers or publishers were sometimes shy of giving their real names -- usually because a book was treasonable, or libellous, or a piracy -- and for similar reasons they might give a false place of publication and a false date.
    Ex: This article discusses how to start projects on the right footing by defining objectives and planning properly to help sidestep pitfalls which can be associated with bespoke software development.
    Ex: This entire target market has steered clear of the public library.
    Ex: This article gives guidance for steering away from some of the more obvious pitfalls when buying software.
    Ex: The view of most users is that they can get around the restriction in a number of ways.
    Ex: I have not shied from identifying some of the obstacles to achieving this vision.
    Ex: This, again, is an area most libraries -- at least the ones I'm familiar with -- have tended to stay away from.
    Ex: They resorted to exercising to stave off unwanted weight gain believed to be caused by alcohol use.
    Ex: While many scholars concede that military interventions are sometimes permissible, they balk when it comes to deciding whether they are ever a moral duty.
    Ex: Instead, the proposed regulations would hamstring public access.
    Ex: The most strenuous efforts will not always ensure success, nor the boldest arm of human power ward off the stroke of misfortune.
    Ex: And this stimulus is working in the sense that it has headed off the imminent risk of a deflationary spiral.
    Ex: Bridleways that cross arable land may be legally ploughed up, but not those that skirt a field.
    Ex: Under the new law, motorists must give 'a wide berth' to stationary emergency vehicles displaying blue, red, or amber emergency warning lights.
    * acto de evitar = avoidance.
    * agacharse para evitar = duck out of + harm's way.
    * el evitar = avoidance.
    * evitar discutir una cuestión = circumvent + issue.
    * evitar el desastre = ward off + disaster.
    * evitar el encuentro con = steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.
    * evitar el enfrentamiento = avoid + confrontation.
    * evitar el mal = shun + evil.
    * evitar la confrontación = avoid + confrontation.
    * evitar la fama = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.
    * evitar la publicidad = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.
    * evitar + Nombre = get (a)round + Nombre.
    * evitar polémicas = eschew + issues.
    * evitar problemas = stay out of + trouble.
    * evitar que = keep from.
    * evitar que + entrar = keep + Nombre + out.
    * evitar que + escapar = keep + Nombre + in.
    * evitar que + Nombre + Subjuntivo = save + Nombre + from + Gerundio.
    * evitar que + salir = keep + Nombre + in.
    * evitar ser afectado = escape + unaffected.
    * evitar temas delicados = eschew + issues.
    * evitar una cuestión = skirt + issue, tiptoe around + issue.
    * evitar una infección = prevent + infection.
    * evitar un error = avoid + error.
    * evitar un problema = avoid + problem.
    * evitar un riesgo = duck + risk.
    * evitar un tema = skirt + issue, tiptoe around + issue.
    * forma de evitar Algo = way round + Algo.
    * forma de evitar una dificultad = way (a)round + difficulty.
    * forma de evitar un problema = way round + problem.
    * intentar evitar = fight + shy of.
    * lo que hay que hacer y lo que hay que evitar = do's and don'ts, rights and wrongs.
    * no poder evitar + Infinitivo = cannot help + Gerundio, cannot help but + Verbo.
    * no poder evitar mencionar = cannot but notice.
    * no pude evitar notar que = couldn't help but notice (that).
    * para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.
    * proteger Algo para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.

    * * *
    evitar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 (eludir, huir de) to avoid
    evita entrar en discusiones con él avoid getting into arguments with him
    para evitar problemas decidí no ir to avoid problems I decided not to go
    ¿por qué me estás evitando? why are you avoiding me?
    2 (impedir) to avoid, prevent
    se podría haber evitado la tragedia the tragedy could have been avoided o averted o prevented
    haremos lo posible para evitarlo we'll do everything we can to avoid o prevent it
    para evitar que sufran to avoid o prevent them suffering
    3 (ahorrar) to save
    una simple llamada nos habría evitado muchas molestias a simple phone call would have saved us a lot of trouble
    así les evitarás muchos quebraderos de cabeza that way you'll save them a lot of worry
    por esta ruta evitas tener que pasar por el centro if you go this way you avoid going through o it saves you going through the center
    ‹problemas› to save oneself
    evítese la molestia de ir a la tienda avoid the inconvenience of going to the store
    si aceptas, te evitarás muchos problemas if you accept, you'll save yourself a lot of problems
    me evitaría tener que pintarlo it would save me having to paint it
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    evitar    
    evitar algo
    evitar ( conjugate evitar) verbo transitivo
    a) (eludir, huir de) to avoid;



    ◊ para evitar que sufran to avoid o prevent them suffering

    c) ( remediar):

    ◊ me puse a llorar, no lo puede evitar I started to cry, I couldn't help it

    d) ( ahorrar) evitarle algo a algn ‹molestia/preocupación› to save o spare sb sth

    evitarse verbo pronominal ‹ problemas› to save oneself;

    evitar verbo transitivo
    1 to avoid: no pude evitar reírme, I couldn't help laughing
    2 (una enfermedad, etc) to prevent
    (una desgracia) to avert
    3 (a una persona) to avoid ➣ Ver nota en avoid

    ' evitar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ahorrar
    - alarde
    - carcajada
    - contemporizar
    - hincapié
    - mortificar
    - mortificarse
    - murmuración
    - para
    - remediar
    - aglomeración
    - huir
    English:
    avert
    - avoid
    - breath
    - bypass
    - cheat
    - clampdown
    - clear
    - deny
    - get round
    - harm
    - head off
    - hedge
    - help
    - loophole
    - miss
    - pair off
    - prevent
    - pussyfoot
    - save
    - scandal
    - should
    - stave off
    - steer
    - step in
    - way
    - get
    - guard
    - keep
    - rat
    - shun
    - stave
    - unavoidably
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [impedir] [desastre, accidente] to avoid, to prevent;
    ¿podría haberse evitado esta catástrofe ecológica? could this environmental disaster have been avoided o prevented?;
    evitar que alguien haga algo to stop o prevent sb from doing sth;
    no pude evitar que se pelearan I couldn't stop o prevent them from having a fight;
    hemos de evitar que se extienda el incendio we have to stop the fire spreading
    2. [eludir] [problema, cuestión, persona] to avoid;
    siempre me está evitando she's always trying to avoid me;
    Javier siempre evita encontrarse conmigo Javier always avoids meeting me;
    yo evité hablar del tema I kept o steered clear of the subject;
    no puede evitarlo he can't help it;
    no puedo evitar ser como soy I can't help (being) the way I am
    3. [ahorrar] to save;
    esta máquina nos evitaría mucho trabajo this machine would save us a lot of work;
    esto me evita tener que ir this gets me out of going, this saves me (from) having to go
    * * *
    v/t
    1 avoid;
    no puedo evitarlo I can’t help it
    2 ( impedir) prevent
    3 molestias save
    * * *
    evitar vt
    1) : to avoid
    2) prevenir: to prevent
    3) eludir: to escape, to elude
    * * *
    evitar vb
    1. (en general) to avoid
    2. (impedir) to prevent
    3. (ahorrar) to save

    Spanish-English dictionary > evitar

  • 3 llamada

    f.
    1 call.
    llamada de socorro distress signal
    2 (phone) call.
    hacer una llamada to make a (phone) call
    tienes dos llamadas en el contestador you have two messages on your answering machine
    llamada en espera call waiting
    llamada local local call
    llamada urbana local call
    3 reference mark.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: llamar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) call
    2 (a la puerta) knock, ring
    3 (en texto) reference mark
    \
    llamada interurbana long-distance call
    llamada telefónica telephone call, phone call
    llamada urbana local call
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Telec) call

    • devolver una llamada — to phone back

    • hacer una llamada — to make a call

    ¿puedo hacer una llamada? — can I use your phone?, can I make a call?

    llamada a cobro revertido — reverse charge call, collect call (EEUU)

    llamada a larga distancia, llamada de larga distancia — LAm long-distance call, trunk call

    llamada interprovincial — call made between towns in different provinces

    llamada interurbana — call made between different towns within the same province

    llamada local, llamada metropolitana — local call

    = llamada a cobro revertido

    llamada provincial — = llamada interurbana

    2) [a la puerta] [con el puño] knock; [con el timbre] ring
    3) (=aviso) call

    • acudir a la llamada de algn — to answer sb's call

    la enfermera acudió rápidamente a mi llamada — the nurse came quickly when I called her, the nurse answered my call quickly

    llamada de alerta — (lit) alert; (fig) warning, alarm call

    4) (=gesto) signal, gesture
    5) (Tip) mark
    6) (Inform)
    7) (Mil) (tb: llamada a las armas) call to arms
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Telec) call
    b) ( acción) call

    la llamada del deber/de la selva — the call of duty/of the wild

    2) (Impr) ( en un texto) reference mark
    3) (Inf) call
    * * *
    = call, voice call.
    Ex. The system identifies frog calls and measures their abundance.
    Ex. The performance characteristics of packet-switching networks carrying real-time voice calls are of major interest in network design.
    ----
    * acceso mediante llamada telefónica = dial-in access, dial-up access, dial up phone line.
    * código para llamadas internacionales = outgoing international code.
    * conección mediante llamada telefónica = dial-up connection.
    * conectarse mediante llamada telefónica = dial up.
    * dar una llamada de atención = sound + a wake-up call.
    * hacer llamada telefónica = make + telephone call.
    * llamada a cobro revertido = collect call, reverse charges.
    * llamada de advertencia = wake-up call.
    * llamada de animal en celo = rutting call.
    * llamada de atención = heads up, wake-up call, slap on the wrist.
    * llamada de auxilio = distress call.
    * llamada de larga distancia = long-distance call.
    * llamada de socorro = distress call.
    * llamada gratuita = toll-free.
    * llamada perdida = missed call.
    * llamada telefónica = local call, dial-up, telephone call, outgoing call, incoming call, phone call.
    * llamada telefónica de emergencia = emergency telephone call.
    * llamada telefónica de larga distancia = long-distance (tele)phone call.
    * llamada telefónica local = local call.
    * mediante llamada telefónica = call-in.
    * número de teléfono de llamada gratuita = toll free telephone number, toll-free number.
    * sonido de llamada = ringtone.
    * terminal de conexión mediante llamada telefónica = dial-in terminal.
    * tono de llamada = dial tone.
    * una llamada a = a call for.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Telec) call
    b) ( acción) call

    la llamada del deber/de la selva — the call of duty/of the wild

    2) (Impr) ( en un texto) reference mark
    3) (Inf) call
    * * *
    = call, voice call.

    Ex: The system identifies frog calls and measures their abundance.

    Ex: The performance characteristics of packet-switching networks carrying real-time voice calls are of major interest in network design.
    * acceso mediante llamada telefónica = dial-in access, dial-up access, dial up phone line.
    * código para llamadas internacionales = outgoing international code.
    * conección mediante llamada telefónica = dial-up connection.
    * conectarse mediante llamada telefónica = dial up.
    * dar una llamada de atención = sound + a wake-up call.
    * hacer llamada telefónica = make + telephone call.
    * llamada a cobro revertido = collect call, reverse charges.
    * llamada de advertencia = wake-up call.
    * llamada de animal en celo = rutting call.
    * llamada de atención = heads up, wake-up call, slap on the wrist.
    * llamada de auxilio = distress call.
    * llamada de larga distancia = long-distance call.
    * llamada de socorro = distress call.
    * llamada gratuita = toll-free.
    * llamada perdida = missed call.
    * llamada telefónica = local call, dial-up, telephone call, outgoing call, incoming call, phone call.
    * llamada telefónica de emergencia = emergency telephone call.
    * llamada telefónica de larga distancia = long-distance (tele)phone call.
    * llamada telefónica local = local call.
    * mediante llamada telefónica = call-in.
    * número de teléfono de llamada gratuita = toll free telephone number, toll-free number.
    * sonido de llamada = ringtone.
    * terminal de conexión mediante llamada telefónica = dial-in terminal.
    * tono de llamada = dial tone.
    * una llamada a = a call for.

    * * *
    A
    gracias por la llamada thank you for calling o phoning o ( BrE) ringing
    2 (acción) call
    la perra acudió a su llamada the dog came when he called
    última llamada para los pasajeros con destino a París last call for passengers flying to Paris
    la llamada del deber/de la selva the call of duty/of the wild
    Compuestos:
    draft ( AmE), call-up ( BrE)
    call to arms
    (Chile, Méx) collect call ( AmE), reverse-charge call ( BrE)
    collect call ( AmE), reverse-charge call ( BrE)
    ( AmL) conference call, teleconference
    call to order
    tuvo que hacer varias llamadas al orden he had to call the meeting ( o session etc) to order several times
    long-distance call
    distress call
    international call
    long-distance o ( BrE) trunk call
    telephone call
    local call
    B ( Impr) (en un texto) reference mark
    C ( Inf) call
    * * *

     

    llamada sustantivo femenino
    call;

    llamada a cobro revertido or (Chi, Méx) por cabrar collect call (AmE), reverse-charge call (BrE);
    llamada de larga distancia long-distance call;
    llamada local or urbana local call;
    llamada al orden call to order
    llamado,-a adjetivo so-called
    llamada sustantivo femenino
    1 (vocación) call
    2 Tel (phone) call: ésta es una llamada a cobro revertido, ¿la acepta?, this is a reverse-charge call, will you accept it?
    llamada interurbana, long-distance call
    3 (con la voz) oímos su llamada, we heard his call

    ' llamada' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    interurbana
    - interurbano
    - oficiosa
    - oficioso
    - recibir
    - repetición
    - señal
    - telefonear
    - toque
    - atender
    - cortar
    - desconcierto
    - distancia
    - frecuente
    - inoportuno
    - llamado
    - responder
    English:
    buzz
    - call
    - call back
    - conference call
    - connect
    - dialling tone
    - disrupt
    - help
    - hold
    - leave
    - lift
    - local call
    - long-distance
    - make
    - Mayday
    - ring
    - summons
    - telephone call
    - transfer
    - local
    - personal
    - phone
    - return
    - reverse
    - toll
    - use
    * * *
    1. [para atraer atención] call;
    [a la puerta] knock; [con timbre] ring llamada de atención warning;
    llamada al orden call to order;
    llamada de socorro call for help;
    Av & Náut distress call
    2. [telefónica] call;
    hacer una llamada to make a phone call;
    tienes dos llamadas en el contestador you have two messages on your answering machine
    llamada a cobro revertido o Am llamada por cobrar o Ecuad, Urug a cobrar Br reverse-charge call, US collect call;
    hacer una llamada a cobro revertido Br to make a reverse-charge call, US to call collect;
    llamada en espera call waiting;
    llamada interurbana long-distance o Br national call;
    llamada local local call;
    llamada nacional national call;
    Col llamada por pagar Br reverse-charge call, US collect call;
    llamada telefónica telephone call, phone call;
    llamada para tres three-way calling;
    llamada urbana local call
    3. [en un libro] note, reference mark
    * * *
    f
    1 call;
    hacer una llamada make a call;
    llamada al orden call to order;
    2 en una puerta knock; en timbre ring
    * * *
    : call
    llamada a larga distancia: long-distance call
    llamada al orden: call to order
    * * *
    llamada n phone call / call

    Spanish-English dictionary > llamada

  • 4 primero

    adj.
    first, prime, foremost.
    adv.
    first, in the first place, firstly, for one thing.
    * * *
    1 first
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 first
    \
    a primeros de mes/año at the beginning of the month/year
    lo primero es lo primero first things first Table 1 NOTA Before singular masculine nouns the form primer is used /Table 1
    ————————
    * * *
    1. (f. - primera)
    adj.
    2. (f. - primera)
    noun
    3. adv.
    * * *
    primero, -a
    1. ADJ
    ( antes de sm sing primer)
    1) [en el espacio] [página, planta] first; [fila] front, first

    vivo en el primer piso — I live on the first o (EEUU) second floor

    una foto en primera página — a front-page photo, a photo on the front page

    • estar primero — [en una cola] to be first; [en importancia] to come first

    perdone, pero yo estaba primero — excuse me, but I was first

    plana 1), plano 2., 3)
    2) [en el tiempo] [día, semana, fase] first; [época, poemas] early; [síntoma] first, early

    • en los primeros años del siglo — in the early years of the century

    • a primera hora (de la mañana) — first thing in the morning

    • en primer lugar — [dentro de un orden] first of all; [para dar énfasis] in the first place

    en primer lugar, tú no deberías haber dicho nada — in the first place, you shouldn't have said anything

    hora 2), b), guerra 1)
    3) (=principal) [deber, objetivo] main, primary

    artículos de primera necesidad — basic essentials, staple items

    • primer actor — leading man

    • primera actriz — leading lady

    • primeros auxilios — first aid

    • de primera categoría — first-class

    un puerto de primera categoría — (Ciclismo) a first-category climb

    • primer espada — (Taur) principal bullfighter

    • primer violín — (=concertino) leader; [de sección] first violin

    bailarín, dama, mandatario, ministro, piedra
    2.
    SM / F first

    soy el primero de la lista — I'm top of the list, I'm first on the list

    quedó entre los diez primeros — he was in o among the first ten

    es la primera de la clase — she is the best in the class, she is top of the class

    bueno 1., 9), vista 1., 6), d), primera
    3. SM
    1)

    • a primeros (de mes) — at the beginning of the month

    2) (tb: primer plato) starter, first course

    ¿qué van a tomar de primero? — what will you have as a starter o for the first course?

    4. ADV
    1) (=en primer lugar) first

    primero iremos a comprar y luego al cine — first, we'll do the shopping and then go to the cinema

    2) [indicando preferencia] sooner, rather

    primero se queda en casa que pedir dinero — she'd sooner o rather stay at home than ask for money

    ¡primero morir! — I'd rather die!

    * * *
    I
    - ra adjetivo/pronombre [ primer is used before masculine singular nouns]
    1) (en el espacio, el tiempo) first

    vivo en el primer piso — I live on the second (AmE) o (BrE) first floor

    en primer lugar... — first (of all),..., firstly,...

    sus primeros poemas — her early o first poems

    1o de julio — (read as: primero de julio) 1st July, July 1st (léase: July the first)

    Olaf I — (read as: Olaf primero) Olaf I (léase: Olaf the First)

    2) (en calidad, jerarquía)

    de primera categoría — first-class, first-rate

    de primera — first-class, first-rate

    3) (básico, fundamental)

    lo primero es... — the most important thing is...

    II
    1) ( en el tiempo) first
    * * *
    = early [earlier -comp., earliest -sup.], first (1st), foremost, first ever, topmost [top most], top-of-mind.
    Ex. Microforms are easy to use, although there were early reservations concerning the fact that users need to become familiar with any specific kind of microform and its reader.
    Ex. The first objective, however, is best satisfied by the second policy.
    Ex. Foremost among those recommendations was one pertaining to the development of a UNIMARC format for authorities.
    Ex. In April 1993 the first ever computer crime legislation came into existence in Hong Kong.
    Ex. Thus each heap was delivered to the warehouseman with the final impressions of both formes on the topmost sheet.
    Ex. Computer security is a top-of-mind subject for both IT managers and their corporate bosses.
    ----
    * alumno de primer año = first grader.
    * alumno de primer curso = first grader.
    * alumno de primero = first grader.
    * amor a primera vista = love at first sight.
    * aparecer por primera vez = premiere.
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * asesinato en primer grado = first-degree murder.
    * asiento de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside ticket.
    * atacar primero = preemptive strike.
    * botiquín de primeros auxilios = first-aid kit.
    * butaca de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside ticket.
    * cabo primero = lance corporal.
    * causar una buena primera impresión = make + a good first impression.
    * causar una primera impresión = make + a first impression.
    * colocar como primer elemento de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead.
    * como primera elección = as a first preference.
    * con el primer intento = at the first shot.
    * conocer de primera mano = know + first-hand.
    * contratar al primero que solicita el trabajo = hire on a first-come, first-take basis.
    * correo de primera clase = first class post.
    * dar el primer paso = make + a start, take + the first step.
    * dar los primeros pasos en = venture into.
    * de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.
    * de primera = best-quality, top-notch, blue chip [blue-chip], prime, tip-top, first-rate.
    * de primera calidad = premium, premier.
    * de primera clase = first class, first-rate, tip-top.
    * de primera línea = first-line.
    * de primera magnitud = fully blown.
    * de primera mano = at first hand, first-hand [firsthand], first-person.
    * de primera persona = first-person.
    * de primeras = at first sight, on the face of it, at first glance, first-blush, up-front [up front].
    * de primer grado = in the first degree.
    * de primer nivel = first-level.
    * de primer orden = first-order [1st-order], world-class, blue chip [blue-chip].
    * descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.
    * desde el primer día = from day one.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.
    * desventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover disadvantage.
    * desventaja del primero que hace Algo = first-mover disadvantage, first-mover advantage.
    * dilema de qué es primero el huevo o la gallina = chicken and egg situation.
    * durante los primeros años = during the early years.
    * el primer intento = the first time around.
    * el primer + Nombre = the earliest + Nombre.
    * el primero mencionado = former.
    * encargado de prestar los primeros auxilios = first aider.
    * en el primer caso = in the former case.
    * en los primeros años de = early in.
    * en los primeros años de vida = early in life.
    * en primera instancia = in the first instance.
    * en primera línea = in the front line, first-line, on the front line.
    * en primer lugar = firstly, in the first place, in the first instance, first and foremost, first off.
    * escuela de primer ciclo de secundaria = intermediate school.
    * estar entre los primeros = stay on top.
    * estudiante de primer año = freshman [freshmen, -pl.], first-year student.
    * experiencia de primera mano = first-hand experience.
    * hacer los primeros pinitos = take + the first step.
    * inicial del primer nombre de pila = first initial.
    * ir primero = lead + the way.
    * la primera tentativa = the first time around.
    * la primera vez = the first time around.
    * lo primero = for one, first off.
    * lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.
    * mostrar por primera vez = premiere.
    * Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.
    * ocupar un primer lugar = stand + first.
    * pasar al primer plano = take + centre stage.
    * poner en primer plano = foreground.
    * por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.
    * Posesivo + primeros pasos = Posesivo + first steps.
    * Posesivo + primeros pinitos = Posesivo + first steps.
    * primera cita = first date.
    * primera comunión = first communion.
    * primera división = premiership.
    * Primera División, la = First Division, the.
    * Primera Edición de las Reglas de Catalogación Anglo-Americanas (RCAA1) = AACR1 (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules 1st Edition).
    * Primera Enmienda, la = First Amendment, the.
    * primera época, la = early days, the.
    * primera escena, la = opening scene, the.
    * primera etapa = early days.
    * Primera Guerra Mundial = First World War (World War I), World War I [First World War].
    * primera impresión = first impression.
    * primera infancia = babyhood, early childhood.
    * primera línea = front-line [front line], front-line, forefront.
    * primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.
    * primera manga = first leg, away game.
    * primera medida = initial step.
    * primer antepasado = primogenitor.
    * primer año de carrera = freshman year.
    * primer año de estudios superiores = freshman year.
    * primera palabra del encabezamiento = entry word.
    * primera parada = first stop.
    * primera persona = first person.
    * primera plana = front page [front-page].
    * primera posición = pole position, pole start.
    * primera posición de salida = pole start.
    * primera prensada = first cold press.
    * primera referencia = first stop.
    * primera reunión = starter meeting.
    * primeras horas de la madrugada = late night.
    * primeras palabras = opening statement.
    * primera vez, la = first time, the.
    * primer aviso = smoke signal.
    * primer curso = first grade.
    * primer escalafón laboral = entry position.
    * primer heredero = heir apparent [heiress apparent].
    * primer indicio = smoke signal.
    * primer lugar de consulta = first stop.
    * primer meridiano = prime meridian.
    * primer ministro = Premier, prime minister.
    * primer molar = six-year molar.
    * primer molar permanente = first molar.
    * primero en hacer Algo = first mover.
    * primero en tomar la iniciativa = first mover.
    * primero entre pares = first among equals.
    * primero, lo = first thing, the.
    * primero que nada = first off.
    * primeros auxilios = first-aid.
    * primeros impresos = early imprints.
    * primero y principal = first and foremost.
    * primer paso = stake in the ground.
    * primer paso de, el = thin edge of the wedge, the.
    * primer plano = close up, foreground, limelight, centre stage, forefront.
    * primer plato = side entrée.
    * primer puesto + ser para = pride of place + go to.
    * primer punto de contacto = port of first call.
    * primer punto de contacto, el = first port of call, the.
    * primer recurso = first recourse.
    * primer y segundo plato = main dish.
    * proceso en primera instancia = proceeding in the first instance.
    * provisiones de primera necesidad = basic provisions, basic goods.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * relato de primera mano = eyewitness report, eyewitness account, first-hand account.
    * sala de primeros auxilios = emergency room.
    * sargento primero = lance sergeant.
    * seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.
    * sentirse de primera = feel + tip-top.
    * ser de primera categoría = be top notch.
    * ser el primero = be second to none, come out on + top.
    * ser el primero en = lead + the way in.
    * ser el primero en + Infinitivo = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * situado en primer lugar = top-ranked, top-rated.
    * una primera y última vez = a first and last time.
    * un + Nombre + a primera hora de la maña = an early morning + Nombre.
    * ventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover advantage.
    * visión de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside view.
    * * *
    I
    - ra adjetivo/pronombre [ primer is used before masculine singular nouns]
    1) (en el espacio, el tiempo) first

    vivo en el primer piso — I live on the second (AmE) o (BrE) first floor

    en primer lugar... — first (of all),..., firstly,...

    sus primeros poemas — her early o first poems

    1o de julio — (read as: primero de julio) 1st July, July 1st (léase: July the first)

    Olaf I — (read as: Olaf primero) Olaf I (léase: Olaf the First)

    2) (en calidad, jerarquía)

    de primera categoría — first-class, first-rate

    de primera — first-class, first-rate

    3) (básico, fundamental)

    lo primero es... — the most important thing is...

    II
    1) ( en el tiempo) first
    * * *
    = early [earlier -comp., earliest -sup.], first (1st), foremost, first ever, topmost [top most], top-of-mind.

    Ex: Microforms are easy to use, although there were early reservations concerning the fact that users need to become familiar with any specific kind of microform and its reader.

    Ex: The first objective, however, is best satisfied by the second policy.
    Ex: Foremost among those recommendations was one pertaining to the development of a UNIMARC format for authorities.
    Ex: In April 1993 the first ever computer crime legislation came into existence in Hong Kong.
    Ex: Thus each heap was delivered to the warehouseman with the final impressions of both formes on the topmost sheet.
    Ex: Computer security is a top-of-mind subject for both IT managers and their corporate bosses.
    * alumno de primer año = first grader.
    * alumno de primer curso = first grader.
    * alumno de primero = first grader.
    * amor a primera vista = love at first sight.
    * aparecer por primera vez = premiere.
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * asesinato en primer grado = first-degree murder.
    * asiento de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside ticket.
    * atacar primero = preemptive strike.
    * botiquín de primeros auxilios = first-aid kit.
    * butaca de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside ticket.
    * cabo primero = lance corporal.
    * causar una buena primera impresión = make + a good first impression.
    * causar una primera impresión = make + a first impression.
    * colocar como primer elemento de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead.
    * como primera elección = as a first preference.
    * con el primer intento = at the first shot.
    * conocer de primera mano = know + first-hand.
    * contratar al primero que solicita el trabajo = hire on a first-come, first-take basis.
    * correo de primera clase = first class post.
    * dar el primer paso = make + a start, take + the first step.
    * dar los primeros pasos en = venture into.
    * de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.
    * de primera = best-quality, top-notch, blue chip [blue-chip], prime, tip-top, first-rate.
    * de primera calidad = premium, premier.
    * de primera clase = first class, first-rate, tip-top.
    * de primera línea = first-line.
    * de primera magnitud = fully blown.
    * de primera mano = at first hand, first-hand [firsthand], first-person.
    * de primera persona = first-person.
    * de primeras = at first sight, on the face of it, at first glance, first-blush, up-front [up front].
    * de primer grado = in the first degree.
    * de primer nivel = first-level.
    * de primer orden = first-order [1st-order], world-class, blue chip [blue-chip].
    * descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.
    * desde el primer día = from day one.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.
    * desventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover disadvantage.
    * desventaja del primero que hace Algo = first-mover disadvantage, first-mover advantage.
    * dilema de qué es primero el huevo o la gallina = chicken and egg situation.
    * durante los primeros años = during the early years.
    * el primer intento = the first time around.
    * el primer + Nombre = the earliest + Nombre.
    * el primero mencionado = former.
    * encargado de prestar los primeros auxilios = first aider.
    * en el primer caso = in the former case.
    * en los primeros años de = early in.
    * en los primeros años de vida = early in life.
    * en primera instancia = in the first instance.
    * en primera línea = in the front line, first-line, on the front line.
    * en primer lugar = firstly, in the first place, in the first instance, first and foremost, first off.
    * escuela de primer ciclo de secundaria = intermediate school.
    * estar entre los primeros = stay on top.
    * estudiante de primer año = freshman [freshmen, -pl.], first-year student.
    * experiencia de primera mano = first-hand experience.
    * hacer los primeros pinitos = take + the first step.
    * inicial del primer nombre de pila = first initial.
    * ir primero = lead + the way.
    * la primera tentativa = the first time around.
    * la primera vez = the first time around.
    * lo primero = for one, first off.
    * lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.
    * mostrar por primera vez = premiere.
    * Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.
    * ocupar un primer lugar = stand + first.
    * pasar al primer plano = take + centre stage.
    * poner en primer plano = foreground.
    * por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.
    * Posesivo + primeros pasos = Posesivo + first steps.
    * Posesivo + primeros pinitos = Posesivo + first steps.
    * primera cita = first date.
    * primera comunión = first communion.
    * primera división = premiership.
    * Primera División, la = First Division, the.
    * Primera Edición de las Reglas de Catalogación Anglo-Americanas (RCAA1) = AACR1 (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules 1st Edition).
    * Primera Enmienda, la = First Amendment, the.
    * primera época, la = early days, the.
    * primera escena, la = opening scene, the.
    * primera etapa = early days.
    * Primera Guerra Mundial = First World War (World War I), World War I [First World War].
    * primera impresión = first impression.
    * primera infancia = babyhood, early childhood.
    * primera línea = front-line [front line], front-line, forefront.
    * primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.
    * primera manga = first leg, away game.
    * primera medida = initial step.
    * primer antepasado = primogenitor.
    * primer año de carrera = freshman year.
    * primer año de estudios superiores = freshman year.
    * primera palabra del encabezamiento = entry word.
    * primera parada = first stop.
    * primera persona = first person.
    * primera plana = front page [front-page].
    * primera posición = pole position, pole start.
    * primera posición de salida = pole start.
    * primera prensada = first cold press.
    * primera referencia = first stop.
    * primera reunión = starter meeting.
    * primeras horas de la madrugada = late night.
    * primeras palabras = opening statement.
    * primera vez, la = first time, the.
    * primer aviso = smoke signal.
    * primer curso = first grade.
    * primer escalafón laboral = entry position.
    * primer heredero = heir apparent [heiress apparent].
    * primer indicio = smoke signal.
    * primer lugar de consulta = first stop.
    * primer meridiano = prime meridian.
    * primer ministro = Premier, prime minister.
    * primer molar = six-year molar.
    * primer molar permanente = first molar.
    * primero en hacer Algo = first mover.
    * primero en tomar la iniciativa = first mover.
    * primero entre pares = first among equals.
    * primero, lo = first thing, the.
    * primero que nada = first off.
    * primeros auxilios = first-aid.
    * primeros impresos = early imprints.
    * primero y principal = first and foremost.
    * primer paso = stake in the ground.
    * primer paso de, el = thin edge of the wedge, the.
    * primer plano = close up, foreground, limelight, centre stage, forefront.
    * primer plato = side entrée.
    * primer puesto + ser para = pride of place + go to.
    * primer punto de contacto = port of first call.
    * primer punto de contacto, el = first port of call, the.
    * primer recurso = first recourse.
    * primer y segundo plato = main dish.
    * proceso en primera instancia = proceeding in the first instance.
    * provisiones de primera necesidad = basic provisions, basic goods.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * relato de primera mano = eyewitness report, eyewitness account, first-hand account.
    * sala de primeros auxilios = emergency room.
    * sargento primero = lance sergeant.
    * seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.
    * sentirse de primera = feel + tip-top.
    * ser de primera categoría = be top notch.
    * ser el primero = be second to none, come out on + top.
    * ser el primero en = lead + the way in.
    * ser el primero en + Infinitivo = take + the lead in + Gerundio.
    * situado en primer lugar = top-ranked, top-rated.
    * una primera y última vez = a first and last time.
    * un + Nombre + a primera hora de la maña = an early morning + Nombre.
    * ventaja del primero en tomar la iniciativa = first-mover advantage.
    * visión de primera fila = ringside seat, ringside view.

    * * *
    primero1 -ra
    adjective / pronoun
    A [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ], [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (en el espacio, el tiempo) first
    vivo en el primer piso I live on the second ( AmE) o ( BrE) first floor
    en primer lugar vamos a analizar … first (of all) o firstly, we are going to analyze …
    las diez primeras páginas the first ten pages
    sus primeros poemas her early o first poems
    1º de julio/octubre (read as: primero de julio/octubre) 1st July/October, July/October 1st
    Olaf Iº (read as: Olaf primero) Olaf I (léase: Olaf the First)
    estaba sentado en (la) primera fila he was sitting in the front row
    en las primeras horas de la madrugada de ayer in the early hours of yesterday morning
    mañana a primera hora first thing tomorrow
    soy el primero en reconocerlo I am the first to admit it
    Compuestos:
    ( Relig) feminine first communion
    hacer la primeroa comunión to take one's first communion
    feminine elementary o ( BrE) primary education
    maestro de primeroa enseñanza elementary o primary school teacher
    feminine early childhood
    feminine foundation stone
    feminine front page
    salió en primeroa plana en todos los periódicos it made front-page news o the headlines in all the newspapers, it was on the front page of all the newspapers
    masculine New Year's Day
    mpl first aid
    ( Fot) masculine close-up, close-up shot
    en primer plano ( Art) in the foreground
    masculine first course, starter
    B
    (en calidad, jerarquía): un artículo de primerísima calidad a top-quality product, a product of the very finest o highest quality
    de primera categoría first-class, first-rate
    es el primero de la clase he is top of the class
    es el primer atleta del país he is the country's top athlete
    la primera empresa mundial en el campo de la electrónica the world's leading electronics company
    de primera ‹comida/cantante› first-class, first-rate
    sólo vendemos productos de primera we sell only products of the finest o highest quality
    un corte de carne de primera a prime cut of meat
    Compuestos:
    ● primer actor, primera actriz
    ( masculine) leading man; ( feminine) leading lady
    feminine First Lady
    ● primer bailarín, primera bailarina
    ( masculine) leading dancer; ( feminine) prima ballerina
    ( Taur) masculine principal bullfighter
    ● primer magistrado, primera magistrada
    masculine, feminine mandatario m,f A. (↑ mandatario)
    ● primer mandatario, primera mandataria
    ( period) masculine, feminine head of state
    la entrevista entre ambos primeros mandatarios the meeting between the two heads of state
    el primer mandatario estadounidense the president of the United States
    ● primer ministro, primera ministra
    masculine, feminine Prime Minister
    masculine and feminine First Secretary
    masculine and feminine concertmaster ( AmE), leader (of the orchestra)
    los primeros violines the first violins
    C
    (básico, fundamental): nuestro primer objetivo es … our primary objective is …
    lo primero es asegurarnos de que no corren peligro the essential o most important thing is to make sure they are not in any danger
    ¿por qué no haces primero los deberes? why don't you do your homework first?
    B
    (en importancia): estar primero to come first
    para mí primero está mi familia as far as I'm concerned my family comes first
    C
    (para expresar preferencia): primero se queda sin comer que pedirle dinero she would sooner o rather go hungry than ask him for money
    * * *

     

    primero
    ◊ -ra adjetivo/pronombre primer is used before masculine singular nouns

    1 (en el espacio, el tiempo) first;
    ◊ el primer piso the second (AmE) o (BrE) first floor;

    en primer lugar … first (of all), …, firstly, …;
    1o de julio (read as: primero de julio) 1st July, July 1st (léase: July the first);
    Olaf I (read as: Olaf primero) Olaf I (léase: Olaf the First);
    a primeras horas de la madrugada in the early hours of the morning;
    primera plana front page;
    primeros auxilios sustantivo masculino plural
    first aid;
    primer plano (Fot) close-up (shot)
    2 (en calidad, jerarquía):

    de primera (categoría) first-class, first-rate;
    es el primero de la clase he is top of the class;
    primer ministro Prime Minister
    3 (básico, fundamental):

    artículos de primera necesidad basic necessities;
    lo primero es … the most important thing is …
    ■ adverbio
    1 ( en el tiempo) first
    2 ( en importancia):

    primero,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (en el espacio, en el tiempo) first
    primera fila, front row
    en los primeros años, in the early years
    2 (en calidad, en categoría) first: es el primer actor de la compañía, he's the company's top actor
    3 (en importancia) basic, primary
    un artículo de primera necesidad, an essential item
    II adverbio (orden) first: primero, iremos al supermercado, first, we'll go to the supermarket
    ♦ Locuciones: a primeros, at the beginning of
    a la primera de cambio, as soon as one has the opportunity, given half a chance: no está a gusto en la empresa, así que se irá a la primera de cambio, he's not happy at his company, so he plans to leave as soon as he has the chance
    de buenas a primeras, suddenly, unexpectedly
    lo primero es lo primero, first things first
    ' primero' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ir
    - más
    - originaria
    - originario
    - primer
    - primera
    - residir
    - sucesión
    - trigésima
    - trigésimo
    - ante
    - estudio
    - luego
    - mayo
    - ocurrir
    - vigésimo
    English:
    after
    - born
    - come
    - first
    - former
    - go before
    - initial
    - intro
    - leader
    - LIFO
    - original
    - premier
    - prime
    - raise
    - stationary
    - to
    - year
    - consult
    - head
    - lieutenant
    - May
    - payable
    - pioneer
    - put
    - space
    - start
    - the
    * * *
    primero, -a Primer is used instead of primero before singular masculine nouns (e.g. el primer hombre the first man).
    ♦ núm adj
    1. [en orden] first;
    el primer capítulo, el capítulo primero chapter one;
    los primeros diez párrafos, los diez párrafos primeros the first ten paragraphs;
    Carlos primero [escrito Carlos I] Charles the First [written Charles I];
    el siglo primero [también escrito el siglo I] the first century [written 1st century];
    el primer piso the Br first o US second floor;
    a primera hora de la mañana first thing in the morning;
    en primera fila in the front row;
    en primer lugar, abre la caja first (of all), open the box;
    en primera página on the front page
    primeros auxilios first aid; Dep la primera base [posición] first base; Dep primera base [jugador] first base;
    primera comunión first communion;
    hacer la primera comunión to celebrate one's first communion;
    primera división first division;
    Dep primer equipo first team; Mil primera línea front line;
    estar en primera línea [de batalla] to be on the front line;
    [entre los mejores] to be amongst the best;
    primer plano close-up;
    en primer plano in the foreground;
    primer plato first course, starter
    2. [en importancia, calidad] main;
    la primera empresa del sector the leading company in the sector;
    el primer tenista del país the country's top tennis player;
    uno de los primeros objetivos del gobierno one of the government's main aims;
    el primer actor the leading man;
    la primera actriz the leading lady;
    productos de primera calidad top-quality products;
    deportistas de primera clase o [m5] categoría o [m5] fila top-class sportsmen;
    productos de primera necesidad basic necessities;
    lo primero the most important o main thing;
    lo primero es lo primero first things first
    primer bailarín leading dancer;
    primera bailarina prima ballerina;
    primera dama Teatro leading lady;
    Pol [esposa del presidente] first lady; Taurom primer espada principal bullfighter;
    primer ministro prime minister;
    RP primera magistratura presidency;
    primer violín first violin
    ♦ núm nm,f
    1. [en orden]
    el primero the first one;
    el primero fue bueno the first one was good;
    llegó el primero he came first;
    el primero de la cola the person at the front of the Br queue o US line;
    ¿quién es el primero de la cola? who's first?;
    es el primero de la clase he's top of the class;
    él fue el primero en venir he was the first (person o one) to come;
    no eres el primero que me pregunta eso you're not the first person to ask me that
    2. [mencionado antes]
    vinieron Pedro y Juan, el primero con… Pedro and Juan arrived, the former with…
    ♦ adv
    1. [en primer lugar] first;
    primero déjame que te explique una cosa let me explain something to you first;
    usted estaba primero you were in front of me o first;
    ¿quién va o [m5] está primero? who's first?;
    Am
    primero que nada first of all
    2. [indica preferencia]
    primero… que… rather… than…;
    primero morir que traicionarle I'd rather die than betray him
    ♦ nm
    1. [piso] Br first floor, US second floor
    2. [curso universitario] first year;
    estoy en primero I'm a first year
    3. [curso escolar] = first year of primary school, US ≈ first grade
    4. [día del mes]
    el primero de mayo [también escrito el 1 de mayo] the first of May [written 1 May]
    5. [en frases]
    a primeros de mes/año at the beginning of the month/year;
    a primeros de junio at the beginning of June, in early June;
    de primero [de primer plato] for starters
    * * *
    I adj first
    II m, primera f first (one);
    a primeros de enero at the beginning of January;
    el primero de mayo the first of May;
    ser el primero de la clase be top of the class
    III pron
    :
    lo primero (lo más importante) the most important thing
    IV adv
    1 en posición first
    2 ( primeramente) first of all
    * * *
    primero adv
    1) : first
    2) : rather, sooner
    1) : first
    2) : top, leading
    3) : fundamental, basic
    4)
    de primera : first-rate
    primero, -ra n
    : first
    * * *
    primero1 adj pron
    1. (en orden) first
    a primeros de... at the beginning of...
    primero2 adv first

    Spanish-English dictionary > primero

  • 5 высота

    высота сущ
    1. altitude
    2. height барометрическая высота
    1. barometric height
    2. barometric altitude безопасная высота
    1. safe height
    2. safe altitude безопасная высота местности
    safe terrain clearance
    безопасная высота пролета порога
    clearance over the threshold
    безопасная высота пролета препятствий
    clearance of obstacles
    вертикальный набор высоты
    vertical climb
    взлет с крутым набором высоты
    climbing takeoff
    воздушное судно для полетов на большой высоте
    high-altitude aircraft
    время набора заданной высоты
    time to climb to
    выбранная высота захода на посадку
    selected approach altitude
    выдерживание высоты
    altitude hold
    выдерживание высоты полета автопилотом
    autopilot altitude hold
    выдерживание заданной высоты полета
    preselected altitude hold
    выдерживание постоянной высоты
    constant altitude control
    выдерживать заданную высоту
    1. keep the altitude
    2. maintain the altitude выполнять набор высоты
    make a climb
    высота аэродрома
    1. aerodrome altitude
    2. aerodrome level высота в зоне ожидания
    holding altitude
    высота в кабине
    cabin pressure
    высота выравнивания
    flare-out altitude
    высота над уровнем моря
    altitude above sea level
    высота начала снижения
    descent top
    высота начала уборки
    height at start of retraction
    высота начального этапа захода на посадку
    initial approach altitude
    высота нижней границы облаков
    1. cloud base height
    2. cloud ceiling 3. minimum ceiling высота нулевой изотермы
    freezing level
    высота облачности
    1. cloud level
    2. cloud height высота опорной точки
    reference datum height
    высота оптимального расхода топлива
    fuel efficient altitude
    высота относительно начала координат
    height above reference zero
    высота отсчета
    reference altitude
    высота перехода
    1. transition height
    2. transition altitude высота перехода к визуальному полету
    break-off height
    высота плоскости ограничения препятствий в зоне взлета
    takeoff surface level
    высота повторного двигателя
    restarting altitude
    высота по давлению
    pressure altitude
    высота полета
    flight altitude
    высота полета вертолета
    helicopter overflight height
    высота полета вертолета при заходе на посадку
    helicopter approach height
    высота полета в зоне ожидания
    holding flight level
    высота полета по маршруту
    en-route altitude
    высота по радиовысотомеру
    radio height
    высота порога
    stepdown
    (выхода из воздушного судна) высота порога аварийного выхода
    1. emergency exit stepup
    (над полом кабины пассажиров) 2. emergency exit stepdown (над обшивкой крыла) высота при заходе на посадку
    approach height
    высота принятия решения
    1. decision altitude
    2. decision height высота пролета порога ВПП
    threshold crossing height
    высота пролета препятствий
    1. obstacle clearance
    2. obstacle clearance altitude 3. obstacle clearance height высота разворота на посадочную прямую
    final approach altitude
    высота траектории начала захода на посадку
    approach ceiling
    высота уменьшения тяги
    cutback height
    высота установленная заданием на полет
    specified altitude
    высота установленного маршрута движения
    traffic pattern altitude
    высота хода поршня на такте всасывания
    suction head
    выходить на заданную высоту
    take up the position
    гипсометрическая цветная шкала высот
    hypsometric tint guide
    граница высот повторного запуска в полете
    inflight restart envelope
    график набора высоты
    climb schedule
    дальность полета на предельно малой высоте
    on-the-deck range
    датчик высоты
    altitude sensor
    диапазон высот
    altitude range
    докладывать о занятии заданной высоты
    report reaching the altitude
    допуск на максимальную высоту препятствия
    dominant obstacle allowance
    допустимая высота местности
    terrain clearance
    допустимый запас высоты от колес до порога ВПП
    threshold wheel clearance
    зависать на высоте
    hover at the height of
    заданная высота
    specified height
    задатчик высоты
    1. altitude selector
    2. altitude controller задатчик высоты в кабине
    cabin altitude selector
    занимать заданную высоту
    reach the altitude
    запас высоты
    1. altitude margin
    2. clearance margin 3. vertical clearance запас высоты законцовки крыла
    wing tip clearance
    затенение руля высоты
    elevator shading
    зона набора высоты при взлете
    takeoff flight path area
    зона начального этапа набора высоты
    climb-out area
    измерение высоты нижней границы облаков
    ceiling measurement
    измеритель высоты облачности
    ceilometer
    индикатор барометрической высоты
    density altitude display
    истинная высота
    1. actual height
    2. true altitude 3. absolute altitude исходная высота полета при заходе на посадку
    reference approach height
    карта планирования полетов на малых высотах
    low altitude flight planning chart
    код высоты
    altitude code
    колонка руля высоты
    elevator control stand
    конечная высота захвата
    final intercept altitude
    конечный участок набора высоты
    top of climb
    коридор для набора высоты
    climb corridor
    крейсерская высота
    1. cruising level
    2. cruising altitude кривая изменения высоты полета
    altitude curve
    летать на заданной высоте
    fly at the altitude
    лонжерон руля высоты
    elevator spar
    маршрутная карта полетов на малых высотах
    low altitude en-route chart
    масса при начальном наборе высоты
    climbout weight
    механизм стопорения руля высоты
    1. elevator locking mechanism
    2. elevator gust lock минимальная безопасная высота
    1. minimum safe height
    2. minimum safe минимальная высота
    1. minimum altitude
    2. critical height минимальная высота полета по кругу
    minimum circling procedure height
    минимальная высота по маршруту
    minimum en-route altitude
    минимальная высота пролета препятствий
    obstacle clearance limit
    минимальная высота снижения
    1. minimum descent altitude
    2. minimum descent height минимальная крейсерская высота полета
    minimum cruising level
    минимальная разрешенная высота
    minimum authorized altitude
    многоступенчатый набор высоты
    multistep climb
    мощность, необходимая для набора высоты
    climbing power
    набирать высоту
    1. ascend
    2. drift up 3. move upwards набирать высоту при полете по курсу
    climb on the course
    набирать заданную высоту
    1. gain the altitude
    2. get the height набор высоты
    1. in climb
    2. ascent набор высоты в крейсерском режиме
    cruise climb
    набор высоты до крейсерского режима
    climb to cruise operation
    набор высоты до потолка
    climb to ceiling
    набор высоты на маршруте
    en-route climb
    набор высоты на начальном участке установленной траектории
    normal initial climb operation
    набор высоты по крутой траектории
    steep climb
    набор высоты после прерванного захода на посадку
    discontinued approach climb
    набор высоты по установившейся схеме
    proper climb
    набор высоты при взлете
    takeoff climb
    набор высоты при всех работающих двигателях
    all-engine-operating climb
    набор высоты с убранными закрылками
    flap-up climb
    набор высоты с ускорением
    acceleration climb
    навеска руля высоты
    elevator hinge fitting
    на установленной высоте
    at appropriate altitude
    начальный этап набора высоты
    initial climb
    начальный этап стандартного набора высоты
    normal initial climb
    начальный этап установившегося набора высоты
    first constant climb
    неправильно оценивать высоту
    misjudge an altitude
    неправильно оценивать запас высоты
    misjudge clearance
    непроизвольное увеличение высоты полета
    altitude gain
    неустановившийся режим набора высоты
    nonsteady climb
    нижняя кромка облаков переменной высоты
    variable cloud base
    обеспечивать запас высоты
    ensure clearance
    облака переменной высоты
    variable clouds
    оборудование для измерения высоты облачности
    ceiling measurement equipment
    ограничение высоты препятствий
    obstacle restriction
    одноступенчатый набор высоты
    one-step climb
    оптимальный угол набора высоты
    best climb angle
    отключение привода руля высоты
    elevator servo disengagement
    откорректированная высота
    corrected altitude
    отметка высоты
    bench mark
    оценивать высоту
    assess a height
    оценка высоты препятствия
    obstacle assessment
    ошибочно выбранный запас высоты
    misjudged clearance
    передача сведений о барометрической высоте
    pressure-altitude transmission
    переходить в режим набора высоты
    entry into climb
    переходить к скорости набора высоты
    transit to the climb speed
    поверхность высоты пролета препятствий
    obstacle free surface
    погрешность выдерживания высоты полета
    height-keeping error
    полет на малой высоте
    low flying operation
    полет на малых высотах
    low flight
    полет с набором высоты
    1. climbing flight
    2. nose-up flying полеты на малых высотах
    low flying
    поправка к высоте Полярной звезды
    q-correction
    поправка на высоту
    altitude correction
    порядок набора высоты
    climb technique
    порядок набора высоты на крейсерском режиме
    cruise climb technique
    потеря высоты
    altitude loss
    превышение по высоте
    gain in altitude
    предварительно выбранная высота
    preselected altitude
    предупреждение о минимальной безопасной высоте
    minimum safe altitude warning
    приборная высота
    1. indicated altitude
    2. altimetric altitude проведение работ по снижению высоты препятствий для полетов
    obstacle clearing
    прогноз по высоте
    height forecast
    процесс набора высоты
    ascending
    рабочая высота
    operating altitude
    радиовысотомер малых высот
    low-range radio altimeter
    разброс ошибок выдерживания высоты
    height-keeping error distribution
    разворот с набором высоты
    climbing turn
    разрешенные полеты на малой высоте
    authorized low flying
    распределение высот
    altitude assignment
    расчетная высота
    1. rated altitude
    2. design altitude 3. net height регистратор высоты
    altitude recorder
    регулировать по высоте
    adjust for height
    режим стабилизации на заданной высоте
    height-lock mode
    резкий набор высоты
    zoom
    руль высоты
    elevator
    световой сигнализатор опасной высоты
    altitude alert light
    сигнализация самопроизвольного ухода с заданной высоты
    altitude alert warning
    сигнал опасной высоты
    altitude alert signal
    система предупреждения о сдвиге ветра на малых высотах
    low level wind-shear alert system
    система сигнализации опасной высоты
    altitude alert system
    скорость изменения высоты
    altitude rate
    скорость набора высоты
    ascensional rate
    скорость набора высоты при выходе из зоны
    climb-out speed
    скорость набора высоты при полете по маршруту
    en-route climb speed
    скорость набора высоты с убранными закрылками
    1. flaps-up climb speed
    2. no-flap climb speed 3. flaps-up climbing speed скорость на начальном участке набора высоты при взлете
    speed at takeoff climb
    скорость первоначального этапа набора высоты
    initial climb speed
    с набором высоты
    with increase in the altitude
    снижать высоту полета воздушного судна
    push the aircraft down
    со снижением высоты
    with decrease in the altitude
    сохранять запас высоты
    preserve the clearance
    средняя высота
    mean height
    ступенчатый набор высоты
    step climb
    схема набора высоты после взлета
    after takeoff procedure
    схема ускоренного набора высоты
    accelerating climb procedure
    с целью набора высоты
    in order to climb
    таблица для пересчета высоты
    altitude-conversion table
    табло сигнализации опасной высоты
    altitude alert annunciator
    терять высоту
    lose the altitude
    топливо расходуемое на выбор высоты
    climb fuel
    точность выдерживания высоты
    height-keeping accuracy
    траектория набора высоты
    1. climb path
    2. climb curve траектория начального этапа набора высоты
    departure path
    требования по ограничению высоты препятствий
    obstacle limitation requirements
    триммер руля высоты
    elevator trim tab
    увеличивать высоту
    increase an altitude
    угол набора высоты
    1. angle of approach light
    2. angle of climb 3. angle of ascent угол начального участка установившегося режима набора высоты
    first constant climb angle
    угол установившегося режима набора высоты
    constant climb angle
    указатель высоты
    1. height indicator
    2. altitude indicator указатель высоты в кабине
    cabin altitude indicator
    указатель высоты перепада давления
    differential pressure indicator
    указатель высоты пролета местности
    terrain clearance indicator
    указатель минимальной высоты
    minimum altitude reminder
    указатель предельной высоты
    altitude-limit indicator
    указатель скорости набора высоты
    variometer
    управление рулем высоты
    elevator control
    ускорение при наборе высоты
    climb acceleration
    устанавливать режим набора высоты
    establish climb
    установившаяся скорость набора высоты
    steady rate of climb
    установившийся режим набора высоты
    constant climb
    устройство кодирования информации о высоте
    altitude encoder
    уточненная высота
    calibrated altitude
    уходить с заданной высоты
    leave the altitude
    уходить с набором высоты
    1. climb away
    2. climb out уход с набором высоты
    climbaway
    участок маршрута с набором высоты
    upward leg
    участок набора высоты
    climb segment
    фактическое увеличение высоты
    net increase in altitude
    характеристика выдерживания высоты
    height-keeping performance
    характеристика набора высоты при полете по маршруту
    en-route climb performance
    четко указывать высоту
    express the altitude
    эквивалентная высота
    equivalent altitude
    этап набора высоты
    climb element
    эшелонировать по высоте
    stack up

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > высота

  • 6 с

    аварийная связь с воздушным судном
    air distress communication
    аварийная ситуация с воздушным судном
    aircraft emergency
    автомобиль с вильчатым подъемником
    fork-lift
    агрегат с приводом от двигателя
    engine-driven unit
    амортизатор с большим ходом штока
    long-stroke shock strut
    анализатор с интегрированием по времени
    time-integrating analyser
    антенна с концевым излучателем
    end-fire antenna
    антенна с широким раскрывом
    wide aperture antenna
    аренда воздушного судна вместе с экипажем
    aircraft wet lease
    аэродинамическая труба с закрытой рабочей частью
    closed-throat wind tunnel
    аэродром с бетонным покрытием
    concrete-surfaced aerodrome
    аэродром с жестким покрытием
    rigid pavement aerodrome
    аэродром с командно-диспетчерской службой
    controlled aerodrome
    аэродром с перекрещивающимися ВПП
    X-type aerodrome
    аэродром с твердым покрытием
    hard surface aerodrome
    аэродром с травяным покрытием
    grass aerodrome
    бак с наддувом
    pressurized tank
    билет с несколькими полетными купонами
    multistop ticket
    билет с открытой датой
    open-data ticket
    билет с подтвержденной бронью
    booked ticket
    блок связи автопилота с радиостанцией
    radio-autopilot coupler
    блок связи с курсовой системой
    compass system coupling unit
    блок связи с радиолокационным оборудованием
    radar coupling unit
    блок совмещения радиолокационного изображения с картой
    chart-matching device
    борьба с обледенением
    deicing
    борьба с пожаром
    1. fire fighting
    2. fire-fighting ведомый с помощью радиолокатора
    radar-guided
    вертолет большой грузоподъемности с внешней подвеской
    flying crane helicopter
    вертолет с несколькими несущими винтами
    multirotor
    вертолет с одним несущим винтом
    1. single main rotor helicopter
    2. single-rotor ветер с левым вращением
    veering wind
    ветер с правым вращением
    backing wind
    взлетать с боковым ветром
    takeoff with crosswind
    взлет с боковым ветром
    crosswind takeoff
    взлет с впрыском воды
    wet takeoff
    взлет с использованием влияния земли
    ground effect takeoff
    взлет с крутым набором высоты
    climbing takeoff
    взлет с ограниченной площадки
    spot takeoff
    взлет с ракетным ускорителем
    rocket-assisted takeoff
    взлет с реактивным ускорителем
    jet-assisted takeoff
    включать подачу топлива из бака с помощью электрического крана
    switch to the proper tank
    включать подачу топлива из бока с помощью механического крана
    turn the proper tank on
    воздухозаборник с пусковым регулированием
    controlled-starting intake
    воздухозаборник с регулируемой передней кромкой
    variable lip air intake
    воздухозаборник с фиксированной передней кромкой
    fixed-lip air intake
    воздушное пространство с запретом визуальных полетов
    visual exempted airspace
    воздушное судно с верхним расположением крыла
    high-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с газотурбинными двигателями
    turbine-engined aircraft
    воздушное судно с двумя двигателями
    twin-engined aircraft
    воздушное судно с двумя и более двигателями
    multiengined aircraft
    воздушное судно с неподвижным крылом
    fixed-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с несущим винтом
    rotary-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с несущим фюзеляжем
    lift-fuselage aircraft
    воздушное судно с низким расположением крыла
    low-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с одним двигателем
    1. single-engined aircraft
    2. one-engined aircraft воздушное судно с одним пилотом
    single-pilot aircraft
    воздушное судно с поршневым двигателем
    piston-engined aircraft
    воздушное судно с треугольным крылом
    delta-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с турбовинтовыми двигателями
    turboprop aircraft
    воздушное судно с турбореактивными двигателями
    turbojet aircraft
    воздушное судно с убранной механизацией крыла
    clean aircraft
    воздушное судно с удлиненным фюзеляжем
    stretched aircraft
    воздушное судно с узким фюзеляжем
    narrow-body aircraft
    воздушное судно с фюзеляжем типовой схемы
    regular-body aircraft
    воздушное судно с экипажем из нескольких человек
    multicrew aircraft
    воздушные перевозки с большим количеством промежуточных остановок
    multistop service
    воздушный винт с автоматически изменяемым шагом
    automatic pitch propeller
    воздушный винт с автоматической регулировкой
    automatically controllable propeller
    воздушный винт с большим шагом
    high-pitch propeller
    воздушный винт с гидравлическим управлением шага
    hydraulic propeller
    ВПП с гладкой поверхностью
    smooth runway
    ВПП с дерновым покрытием
    sodded runway
    ВПП с жестким покрытием
    rigid pavement runway
    ВПП с искусственным покрытием
    paved runway
    ВПП с мягким покрытием
    soft-surface runway
    ВПП с низким коэффициентом сцепления
    slippery runway
    ВПП с поперечным уклоном
    cross-sloped runway
    ВПП с твердым покрытием
    hard-surface runway
    ВПП с травяным покрытием
    1. grass strip
    2. turf runway вращаться с заеданием
    be stiff to rotate
    временно снимать с эксплуатации
    lay up
    время налета с инструктором
    flying dual instruction time
    в соответствии с техническими условиями
    in conformity with the specifications
    втулка с устройством для флюгирования
    feathering hub
    входное устройство с использованием сжатия воздуха на входе
    internal-compression inlet
    выдерживание курса полета с помощью инерциальной системы
    inertial tracking
    выключатель с нормально замкнутыми контактами
    normally closed switch
    выключатель с нормально разомкнутыми контактами
    normally open switch
    выполнение полетов с помощью радиосредств
    radio fly
    выполнять полеты с аэродрома
    operate from the aerodrome
    выпуск шасси с помощью скоростного напора
    wind-assisted extension
    выруливать с места стоянки
    leave a parking area
    высотомер с кодирующим устройством
    encoding altimeter
    высотомер с сигнализатором
    contacting altimeter
    выходить на курс с левым разворотом
    roll left on the heading
    выходить на курс с правым разворотом
    roll right on the heading
    газотурбинный двигатель с осевым компрессором
    axial-flow итьбю.gas turbine engine
    генератор с приводом от двигателя
    engine-driven generator
    генератор с шунтовой обмоткой
    shunt wound generator
    герметизация фонаря кабины с помощью шланга
    canopy strip seal
    гироскоп с воздушной опорой осей
    air bearing gyroscope
    глушитель с убирающейся сдвижной створкой
    retractable spade silencer
    глушитель с убирающимися ковшами
    retractable lobe silencer
    гроза с градом
    thunderstorm with hail
    гроза с пыльной бурей
    thunderstorm with duststorm
    грузовое воздушное судно с откидной носовой частью
    bow-loader
    дальность полета с максимальной загрузкой
    full-load range
    дальность полета с полной коммерческой загрузкой
    commercial range
    данные, полученные с борта
    air-derived data
    двигатель с большим ресурсом
    longer-lived engine
    двигатель с высокой степенью двухконтурности
    high bypass ratio engine
    двигатель с высокой степенью сжатия
    high compression ratio engine
    двигатель с левым вращением ротора
    left-hand engine
    двигатель с низкой степенью двухконтурности
    low bypass ratio engine
    двигатель с пониженной тягой
    derated engine
    двигатель с правым вращением ротора
    right-hand engine
    движение с левым кругом
    left-hand traffic
    движение с правым кругом
    right-hand traffic
    двухконтурный турбореактивный двигатель с дожиганием топлива во втором контуре
    duct burning bypass engine
    дистанционное управление рулями с помощью электроприводов
    fly-by-wire
    диффузор с косым скачком уплотнения
    oblique-shock diffuser
    донесение с борта
    air report
    задерживать рейс с коммерчески оправданными целями
    justify a delay commercially
    задержка вылета с целью стыковки
    layover
    закрылок с внешним обдувом
    external blown flap
    закрылок с дополнительным внутренним обдувом
    augmented internal blown flap
    закрылок с отсосом пограничного слоя
    suction flap
    зализ крыла с фюзеляжем
    wing-to-fuselage fillet
    замер с целью определения положения
    spot measurement
    запас устойчивости с застопоренным управлением
    margin with stick fixed
    запуск двигателя с забросом температуры
    engine hot starting
    (выше допустимой) заход на посадку не с прямой
    nonstraight-in approach
    заход на посадку с выпущенными закрылками
    approach with flaps down
    заход на посадку с использованием бортовых и наземных средств
    coupled approach
    заход на посадку с левым разворотом
    left-hand approach
    заход на посадку с непрерывным снижением
    continuous descent approach
    заход на посадку с обратным курсом
    1. back course approach
    2. one-eighty approach заход на посадку с отворотом на расчетный угол
    teardrop approach
    заход на посадку с правым разворотом
    right-hand approach
    заход на посадку с прямой
    straight-in approach
    заход на посадку с прямой по приборам
    straight-in ILS-type approach
    заход на посадку с уменьшением скорости
    decelerating approach
    зона воздушного пространства с особым режимом полета
    airspace restricted area
    избегать столкновения с препятствием
    avoid the obstacle
    импульсный огонь с конденсаторным разрядом
    capacitor discharge light
    индикатор с круговой шкалой
    dial test indicator
    испытание с имитацией аварии
    controlled-crash test
    испытание с наружной подвеской
    store test
    кабина с двойным управлением
    dual cockpit
    канал с общей несущей
    common carrier channel
    карта с навигационной сеткой
    grid map
    квалификационная отметка с ограниченным сроком действия
    expiry-type rating
    ключ с круглой головкой
    ring wrench
    ключ с трещоткой
    ratchet wrench
    компоновка кресел с минимальным шагом
    high-density seating
    конечный удлиненный заход на посадку с прямой
    long final straight-in-approach operation
    конструкция с работающей обшивкой
    stressed-skin structure
    контакт с объектами на земле
    ground contact
    конфигурация с акустической облицовкой
    acoustic lining configuration
    конфигурация с выпущенной механизацией
    out-clean configuration
    конфигурация с выпущенными шасси и механизацией
    dirty configuration
    крен с помощью элеронов
    aileron roll
    кресло с отклоняющейся спинкой
    reclining seat
    крыло с изменяемой площадью
    variable-area wing
    крыло с изменяемым углом установки
    variable-incidence wing
    крыло с механизацией для обеспечения большей подъемной силы
    high-lift devices wing
    крыло с отрицательным углом поперечного ВЭ
    anhedral wing
    крыло с положительным углом поперечного ВЭ
    dihedral wing
    крыло с работающей обшивкой
    stressed-skin wing
    крыло с управляемой циркуляцией
    augmentor wing
    крыло с управляемым пограничным слоем
    backswept boundary layer controlled wing
    летать с брошенным штурвалом
    fly hand off
    летать с выпущенным шасси
    fly a gear down
    летать с убранным шасси
    fly a gear up
    линия при сходе с ВПП
    turnoff curve
    линия пути по схеме с двумя спаренными разворотами
    race track
    лопасть с шарнирной подвеской
    articulated blade
    маршрут вылета с радиолокационным обеспечением
    radar departure route
    маршрут прилета с радиолокационным обеспечением
    radar arrival route
    маршрут с минимальным уровнем шума
    minimum noise route
    маяк с рамочной антенной
    loop beacon
    место стоянки с твердым покрытием
    hardstand
    методика выполнения полета с минимальным шумом
    minimum noise procedure
    механизм реверса с полуцилиндрическими струеотражательными заслонками
    semicylindrical target-type reverser
    модуль с быстроразъемным соединением
    plug-in module
    моноплан с высокорасположенным крылом
    high-wing monoplane
    моноплан с низко расположенным крылом
    low-wing monoplane
    муфта сцепления двигателя с несущим винтом вертолета
    rotor clutch assembly
    наблюдение с борта воздушного судна
    aircraft observation
    наблюдение с воздуха
    1. air survey
    2. aerial inspection набор высоты с убранными закрылками
    flap-up climb
    набор высоты с ускорением
    acceleration climb
    навигационная система с графическим отображением
    pictorial navigation system
    (информации) небольшой привязной аэростат с тканевым оперением
    kytoon
    необратимое управление с помощью гидроусилителей
    power-operated control
    нерегулируемое сопло с центральным телом
    fixed plug nozzle
    несущий винт с приводом от двигателя
    power-driven rotor
    несущий винт с шарнирно закрепленными лопастями
    articulated rotor
    облачность с разрывами
    broken sky
    обратимое управление с помощью гидроусилителей
    power-boost control
    опасно при соприкосновении с водой
    danger if wet
    опасность столкновения с птицами
    bird strike hazard
    опознавать аэродром с воздуха
    identify the aerodrome from the air
    опора с масляным амортизатором
    oleo leg
    определение местоположения с помощью радиосредства
    radio fixing
    определять местоположение с воздуха
    indicate the location from the air
    опрыскивание сельскохозяйственных культур с воздуха
    aerial crop spraying
    опыление с воздуха
    aerial dusting
    остановка с коммерческими целями
    1. traffic stop
    2. revenue stop остановка с некоммерческими целями
    1. nontraffic stop
    2. stopping for nontraffic purpose открытый текст с сокращениями
    abbreviated plain language
    парашют с не полностью раскрывшимся куполом
    streamer
    патрулирование линий электропередач с воздуха
    power patrol operation
    пеленг с учетом направления ветра
    wind relative bearing
    перевозка с оплатой в кредит
    collect transportation
    перевозка с предварительной оплатой
    prepaid transportation
    перевозки с обеспечением
    interline traffic
    передача с земли
    ground transmission
    переходить на управление с помощью автопилота
    switch to the autopilot
    перрон с искусственным покрытием
    paved apron
    пилотировать с помощью автоматического управления
    fly automatically
    пилотировать с помощью штурвального управления
    fly manually
    план полета, переданный с борта
    air-filed flight plan
    пневматическая шина с армированным протектором
    tread-reinforced tire
    погрузчик с двумя платформами
    double-deck loader
    подхожу к четвертому с левым разворотом
    on the left base leg
    поиск с воздуха
    air search
    покрышка с насечкой
    ribbed tire
    полет в связи с особыми обстоятельствами
    special event flight
    полет для выполнения наблюдений с воздуха
    1. aerial survey flight
    2. aerial survey operation полет для контроля состояния посевов с воздуха
    crop control operation
    полет для ознакомления с местностью
    orientation flight
    полет по сигналам с земли
    directed reference flight
    полет с боковым ветром
    cross-wind flight
    полет с визуальной ориентировкой
    visual contact flight
    полет с выключенным двигателем
    engine-off flight
    полет с выключенными двигателями
    power-off flight
    полет с дозаправкой топлива в воздухе
    refuelling flight
    полет с инструктором
    1. dual operation
    2. dual flight полет с креном
    banked flight
    полет с набором высоты
    1. nose-up flying
    2. climbing flight полет с несимметричной тягой двигателей
    asymmetric flight
    полет с обычным взлетом и посадкой
    conventional flight
    полет с отклонением
    diverted flight
    полет с парированием сноса
    crabbing flight
    полет с пересечением границ
    border-crossing flight
    полет с помощью радионавигационных средств
    radio navigation flight
    полет с попутным ветром
    tailwind flight
    полет с посадкой
    entire journey
    полет с постоянным курсом
    single-heading flight
    полет с промежуточной остановкой
    one-stop flight
    полет с работающим двигателем
    engine-on flight
    полет с работающими двигателями
    1. power-on flight
    2. powered flight полет с сопровождающим
    chased flight
    полет с убранными закрылками
    flapless flight
    полет с уменьшением скорости
    decelerating flight
    полет с ускорением
    accelerated flight
    полет с целью перебазирования
    positioning flight
    полет с целью установления координат объекта поиска
    aerial spotting operation
    полет с частного воздушного судна
    private flight
    полеты с использованием радиомаяков
    radio-range fly
    положение с высоко поднятой носовой частью фюзеляжа
    high nose-up attitude
    получать информацию с помощью регистратора
    obtain from recorder
    порыв ветра с дождем
    blirt
    посадка по командам с земли
    1. ground-controlled landing
    2. talk-down landing посадка с автоматическим выравниванием
    autoflare landing
    посадка с асимметричной тягой
    asymmetric thrust landing
    посадка с боковым сносом
    lateral drift landing
    посадка с визуальной ориентировкой
    contact landing
    посадка с выкатыванием
    overshooting landing
    посадка с выполнением полного круга захода
    full-circle landing
    посадка с выпущенным шасси
    1. wheels-down landing
    2. gear-down landing посадка с использованием реверса тяги
    reverse-thrust landing
    посадка с коротким пробегом
    short landing
    посадка с немедленным взлетом после касания
    touch-and-go landing
    посадка с неработающим воздушным винтом
    dead-stick landing
    посадка с отказавшим двигателем
    1. dead-engine landing
    2. engine-out landing посадка с парашютированием
    pancake landing
    посадка с повторным ударом после касания ВПП
    rebound landing
    посадка с полной остановкой
    full-stop landing
    посадка с помощью ручного управления
    manland
    посадка с превышением допустимой посадочной массы
    overweight landing
    посадка с прямой
    straight-in landing
    посадка с работающим двигателем
    power-on landing
    посадка с убранными закрылками
    flapless landing
    посадка с убранным шасси
    1. wheels-up landing
    2. belly landing 3. fear-up landing посадка с упреждением сноса
    trend-type landing
    посадка с частично выпущенными закрылками
    partial flap landing
    посадка с этапа планирования
    glide landing
    посадочная площадка с естественным покрытием
    natural airfield
    посадочная площадка с искусственным покрытием
    surfaced airfield
    посадочная площадка с травяным покрытием
    1. turf airfield
    2. grass airfield 3. grass landing area пояс с уголком
    angle cap
    предкрылок с гидроприводом
    hydraulic slat
    происшествие с воздушным судном
    accident to an aircraft
    происшествие, связанное с перевозкой опасных грузов
    dangerous goods occurrence
    прокладка маршрута с помощью бортовых средств навигации
    aircraft self routing
    противопожарное патрулирование с воздуха
    fire control operation
    прыгать с парашютом
    jump with parachute
    прыжки с парашютом
    parachute jumping
    радиолокатор с большой разрешающей способностью
    fine grain radar
    радиолокатор с импульсной модуляцией
    pulse-modulated radar
    радиолокатор с остронаправленным лучом
    pencil beam radar
    радиолокационное наблюдение с помощью зонда
    radarsonde observation
    разворот с внутренним скольжением
    slipping turn
    разворот с креном
    banked turn
    разворот с креном к центру разворота
    inside turn
    разворот с креном от центра разворота
    outside turn
    разворот с набором высоты
    climbing turn
    разворот с наружным скольжением
    skidding turn
    разворот с помощью элеронов
    bank with ailerons
    разворот с упреждением
    lead-type turn
    разворот с целью опознавания
    identifying turn
    разрешение на заход на посадку с прямой
    clearance for straight-in approach
    распространять с помощью телетайпа
    disseminate by teletypewriter
    расходы, связанные с посадкой для стыковки рейсов
    layover expenses
    реактивное воздушное судно с низким расходом топлива
    economical-to-operate jetliner
    реактивное сопло с центральным телом
    plug jet nozzle
    редуктор с неподвижным венцом
    stationary ring gear
    режим работы с полной нагрузкой
    full-load conditions
    рейс с гражданского воздушного судна
    civil flight
    рейс с обслуживанием по первому классу
    first-class flight
    рейс с пересадкой
    transfer flight
    с автоматическим управлением
    self-monitoring
    сбиваться с курса
    1. wander off the course
    2. become lost сближение с землей
    ground proximity
    свидетельство с ограниченным сроком действия
    expiry-type license
    связь по запросу с борта
    air-initiated communication
    сеть передачи данных с пакетной коммутацией
    packet switched data network
    сеть с высокой пропускной способностью
    high level network
    сигнализация об опасном сближении с землей
    ground proximity warning
    сигнализация самопроизвольного ухода с заданной высоты
    altitude alert warning
    сигнал с применением полотнища
    paulin signal
    система визуального управления стыковкой с телескопическим трапом
    visual docking guidance system
    система пожаротушения с двумя очередями срабатывания
    two-shot fire extinguishing system
    система предупреждения опасного сближения с землей
    ground proximity warning system
    система предупреждения столкновения с проводами ЛЭП
    wire collision avoidance system
    система привода с постоянной скоростью
    constant speed drive system
    система распыления с воздуха
    aerial spraying system
    (например, удобрений) система с тройным резервированием
    triplex system
    система управления с обратной связью
    feedback control system
    скидка с тарифа
    1. reduction on fare
    2. fare taper скидка с тарифа за дальность
    distance fare taper
    скорость захода на посадку с убранной механизацией крыла
    no-flap - no-slat approach speed
    скорость захода на посадку с убранными закрылками
    no-flap approach speed
    скорость захода на посадку с убранными предкрылками
    no-slat approach speed
    скорость набора высоты с убранными закрылками
    1. no-flap climb speed
    2. flaps-up climbing speed 3. flaps-up climb speed скорость схода с ВПП
    turnoff speed
    с крыльями
    winged
    слой атмосферы с температурной инверсией
    lid
    с момента ввода в эксплуатацию
    since placed in service
    с набором высоты
    with increase in the altitude
    снижение с работающим двигателем
    power-on descent
    снижение с работающими двигателями
    power-on descend operation
    с низко расположенным крылом
    low-wing
    снимать груз с борта
    take off load
    снимать с замков
    unlatch
    снимать с упора шага
    unlatch the pitch stop
    (лопасти воздушного винта) снимать с эксплуатации
    1. take out of service
    2. with-draw from service снимать шасси с замка
    release the landing gear lock
    снимать шасси с замков
    unlatch the landing gear
    снимать шасси с замков убранного положения
    release the landing gear
    сносить с курса
    drift off the course
    снятие воздушного судна с эксплуатации
    aircraft removal from service
    снятый с эксплуатации
    obsolete
    событие, связанное с приземлением и немедленным взлетом
    touch-and-go occurrence
    соединение крыла с фюзеляжем
    wing-to-fuselage joint
    сообщение с борта
    air-report
    соосное кольцевое сопло с обратным потоком
    inverted coannular nozzle
    соосное сопло с центральным телом
    coannular plug nozzle
    сопло с косым срезом
    skewed jet nozzle
    сопло с многорядными шумоглушащими лепестками
    multirow lobe nozzle
    сопло с реверсом тяги
    thrust-reverse nozzle
    сопло с регулируемым сечением
    variable area nozzle
    сопло с сеткой
    gaze nozzle
    сопло с центральным телом
    bullet-type nozzle
    с передней центровкой
    bow-heavy
    с приводом от двигателя
    power-operated
    спуск с парашютом
    parachute descent
    с регенеративным охлаждением
    self-cooled
    (о системе) с системой автоматической смазки, автоматически смазывающийся
    self-lubrication
    сталкиваться с препятствием
    fail to clear
    с тенденцией к пикированию
    nose-heavy
    столкновение птиц с воздушным судном
    bird strike to an air craft
    столкновение с огнями приближения
    approach lights collision
    столкновение с птицами
    birds collision
    страгивать с места
    move off from the rest
    стремянка с гофрированными ступеньками
    safety-step ladder
    строительные работы с помощью авиации
    construction work operations
    с убранной механизацией
    clean
    с убранными закрылками
    flapless
    схема захода на посадку по командам с земли
    ground-controlled approach procedure
    схема полета с минимальным расходом топлива
    fuel savings procedure
    схема с минимальным расходом топлива
    economic pattern
    сходить с ВПП
    turn off
    с целью набора высоты
    in order to climb
    сцепление колес с поверхностью ВПП
    runway surface friction
    тариф для перевозки с неподтвержденным бронированием
    standby fare
    тариф на полет с возвратом в течение суток
    day round trip fare
    телеграфное обслуживание с дистанционным управлением
    remote keying service
    тележка с баллонами сжатого воздуха
    air bottle cart
    топливозаправщик с цистерной
    fuel tank trailer
    траектория захода на посадку с прямой
    straight-in approach path
    траектория полета с предпосылкой к конфликтной ситуации
    conflicting flight path
    трафарет с инструкцией по применению
    instruction plate
    трафарет с подсветом
    lighted sign
    трафарет с торцевым подсветом
    edge-lit sign
    (в кабине экипажа) тренажер с подвижной кабиной
    moving-base simulator
    тренировочный полет с инструктором
    training dual flight
    турбина с приводом от выхлопных газов
    power recovery turbine
    турбина с приводом от набегающего потока
    ram-air turbine
    турбовентиляторный двигатель с высокой степенью двухконтурности
    high-bypass fanjet
    турбовентиляторный двигатель с низким расходом
    low-consumption fanjet
    указатель с перекрещивающимися стрелками
    cross-pointer indicator
    указатель ухода с курса
    off-course indicator
    уменьшение опасности столкновения с птицами
    birds hazard reduction
    уменьшение тяги с целью снижения шума
    noise abatement thrust cutback
    уплотнение с помощью поршневого кольца
    piston-ring type seal
    уплотнение с частотным разделением
    frequency-division multiplexing
    управление креном с помощью аэродинамической поверхности
    aerodynamic roll control
    управление с помощью автопилота
    autopilot control
    управление с помощью аэродинамической поверхности
    aerodynamic control
    управление с помощью гидроусилителей
    1. assisted control
    2. powered control управляемый с помощью радиолокатора
    radar-directed
    управлять рулями с помощью электроприводов
    fly by wire
    условия с использованием радиолокационного контроля
    radar environment
    устройство для замера сцепления колес с поверхностью
    surface friction tester
    уходить с глиссады
    break glide
    уходить с заданного курса
    drift off the heading
    уходить с заданной высоты
    leave the altitude
    уходить с набором высоты
    1. climb out
    2. climb away уход на второй круг с этапа захода на посадку
    missed approach operation
    уход с набором высоты
    climbaway
    участок маршрута с набором высоты
    upward leg
    участок маршрута с обратным курсом
    back leg
    учебный полет с инструктором
    instructional dual flight
    фильтр с автоматической очисткой
    1. depolluting filter
    2. self-cleaning filter фильтр с защитной сеткой
    gauze strainer
    фюзеляж с работающей обшивкой
    stressed skin-type fuselage
    фюзеляж с сечением из двух окружностей
    double-bubble fuselage
    чартерный рейс в связи с особыми обстоятельствами
    special event charter
    чартерный рейс с полной загрузкой
    1. whole-plane charter
    2. plane-load charter чартерный рейс с предварительным бронированием мест
    advance booking charter
    чартерный рейс с промежуточной посадкой
    one-stop charter
    чартерный рейс с пропорциональным распределением доходов
    pro rata charter
    шасси с использованием скоростного напора
    wind-assisted landing gear
    шасси с ориентирующими колесами
    castor landing gear
    шасси с хвостовой опорой
    tailwheel landing gear
    штанга с распыливающими насадками
    spray boom
    штуцер с жиклером
    orifice connection
    эвакуация воздушного судна с места аварии
    aircraft salvage
    эксплуатация с перегрузкой
    overload operation
    эксплуатировать в соответствии с техникой безопасности
    operate safety
    элерон с аэродинамической компенсацией
    aerodynamically-balanced
    элерон с весовой компенсацией
    mass-balanced aileron
    элерон с внутренней компенсацией
    1. internally-balanced aileron
    2. sealed-type элерон с дифференциальным отклонением
    differential aileron
    элерон с жестким управлением от штурвала
    manual aileron
    элерон с зависанием
    dropped aileron
    элерон с компенсацией
    balanced aileron
    элерон с приводом от гидроусилителя
    powered aileron
    элерон с роговой компенсацией
    horn-balanced aileron

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > с

  • 7 alarm

    m (G alarmu) 1. (sygnał) alarm
    - fałszywy alarm a false alarm także przen.
    - rozległ się alarm the alarm rang out
    - bić a. uderzać na alarm to sound a. raise the alarm także przen.
    2. (urządzenie) alarm
    - alarm pożarowy/przeciwwłamaniowy/samochodowy a fire/burglar/car alarm
    - uruchomić alarm to set off an alarm
    - włączyć alarm (w sytuacji zagrożenia) to sound a. give the alarm; (jako zabezpieczenie) to switch a. turn on an alarm
    - włączył się alarm the alarm went off
    3. (stan gotowości) alert
    - alarm powodziowy/sztormowy a flood/storm alert
    - alarm bojowy a battle a. combat alert
    - alarm bombowy a bomb scare
    - alarm próbny an emergency drill
    - ogłosić/zarządzić/odwołać alarm to call/order/call off an alert
    - alarm we wszystkich jednostkach all units are on (full) alert
    4. (okres nalotu) air raid (alert)
    - na czas alarmu wszyscy zeszli do schronu everyone went down to the shelter for the duration of the air-raid alert
    5. sgt (niepokój) commotion, alarm U
    - narobić alarmu to raise a. cause a commotion
    - podnieść a. wszcząć alarm to raise the alarm, to express fears
    - wywołać alarm to cause alarm
    - □ alarm lotniczy Wojsk. (sygnał) air-raid warning; (stan zagrożenia) air-raid alert
    * * *
    - mu; -my; loc sg - mie; m
    1) ( sygnał) alarm; ( stan gotowości) alert
    2) (pot) ( urządzenie) alarm system; (w bibliotece, sklepie) anti-theft system; ( przeciwwłamaniowy) burglar alarm

    podnosić (podnieść perf) alarm — to raise lub give the alarm

    bić na alarm — (przen) to raise the alarm (przen)

    * * *
    mi
    1. (= sygnał ostrzegawczy) alarm, alert; alarm powodziowy/pożarowy flood/fire alert; alarm przeciwlotniczy air-raid alert; alarm bojowy battle alert; alarm ćwiczebny drill; próbny alarm test alert; fałszywy alarm false alarm; ogłosić alarm sound l. raise an alarm; odwoływać alarm give l. sound the all clear; bić na alarm raise a clamor.
    2. (= stan zagrożenia) warning, alert; na całym terenie obowiązuje alarm powodziowy a flood alert is in effect for the entire area.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > alarm

  • 8 сигнал

    cue, indication, message, U signal, signal, signal waveform
    * * *
    сигна́л м.
    signal
    восстана́вливать сигна́л — regenerate a signal
    восстана́вливать фо́рму сигна́ла — regenerate a signal
    сигна́л выделя́ется, напр. на нагру́зочном сопротивле́нии — the signal is developed, e. g., across the load resistor
    детекти́ровать сигна́л — detect [demodulate] a signal
    заде́рживать сигна́л — delay a signal
    заме́шивать [сме́шивать] сигна́л жарг. — combine [mix] a signal (with …)
    запомина́ть сигна́л в инверти́рованной фо́рме вчт. — store a signal in inverted [negated] form, store an inverted [negated] signal
    сигна́л име́ет ограни́ченную полосу́ часто́т — the signal is band-limited
    инверти́ровать сигна́л — invert [negate] a signal
    сигна́л искажа́ется шу́мом — the signal is corrupted by noise
    квантова́ть сигна́л по вре́мени — sample a signal
    квантова́ть сигна́л по у́ровню — quantize a signal
    ограни́чивать сигна́л све́рху — limit the signal, flatten the signal at the positive peak
    ограни́чивать сигна́л сни́зу — clip the signal, flatten the signal at the negative peak
    по сигна́лу — in response [according] to a signal
    автопило́т управля́ет самолё́том по сигна́лу от … — the autopilot flies [controls, steers] the airplane in response [according] to a signal from …
    опера́ция счи́тывания начина́ется по сигна́лу «x [m2]» — the “x ” signal initiates a read operation, the “x ” signal causes a read operation to be initiated
    по сигна́лу «x [m2]» схе́ма сраба́тывает — the “x ” signal causes the circuit to operate
    преобразо́вывать ана́логовый сигна́л в дискре́тный — digitize an analog signal
    сигна́л разветвля́ется в то́чке A — at A point the signal tracks [follows] different paths
    сигна́л си́льно заби́т шума́ми — the signal is deeply buried in noise, the signal is obscured by noise
    скла́дывать сигна́лы A и B — combine signals A and B, combine signal A with signal B
    согласо́вывать сигна́лы по вре́мени — time signals
    формирова́ть сигна́л — generate [produce, provide] a signal
    авари́йный сигна́л — alarm (signal), emergency signal
    акусти́ческий сигна́л — audible [audio, acoustic(al) ] signal
    амплиту́дно-модули́рованный сигна́л — amplitude-modulated [AM] signal
    сигна́л бе́дствия — distress signal
    ви́димый сигна́л — visual signal
    входно́й сигна́л — input [incoming] signal
    входно́й, синусоида́льный сигна́л ( вид стандартного испытательного сигнала) — sinusoidal excitation
    вызывно́й сигна́л тлф. — call [ringing] signal
    выходно́й сигна́л — output signal
    выходно́й сигна́л повторя́ет входно́й сигна́л — the output (signal) follows [tracks] the input (signal)
    сигна́л гаше́ния — blank(ing) signal
    геодези́ческий сигна́л — observing tower
    гетероди́нный сигна́л — ( в приёмниках) heterodyne [local-oscillator] signal, heterodyne [local-oscillator] frequency; ( в передатчиках) injection [conversion] signal, injection [conversion] frequency
    сигна́л гото́вности — ready signal
    сигна́л гото́вности к приё́му ( в фототелеграфии) — ready-to-receive signal
    сигна́л гото́вности к приё́му набо́ра но́мера — dial tone
    абоне́нту посыла́ется сигна́л гото́вности ста́нции к приё́му набо́ра но́мера — a dial tone informs the user that it is proper to make the call
    группово́й сигна́л ( в многоканальной связи) — composite signal
    сигна́л для вхожде́ния в сеть радио — netting call
    сигна́л забо́я оши́бки телегр. — erasure signal
    сигна́л закры́тия (сеа́нса) свя́зи — closing-down [end-of-work] sign(al)
    сигна́л за́нятости тлф. — (audible) busy signal, busy tone
    сигна́л за́нятости, мига́ющий тлф. — busy flash signal
    сигна́л за́писи вчт. — write signal
    запреща́ющий сигна́л — inhibit signal
    сигна́л запро́са — challenging [interrogation] signal
    затуха́ющий сигна́л — decaying signal
    звуково́й сигна́л — audible [sound, audio] signal
    звуково́й, автомоби́льный сигна́л — motor car horn
    зонди́рующий сигна́л ( в дискретных системах передачи) — sounding signal
    зу́ммерный сигна́л — buzzer signal
    избира́тельный сигна́л — selective signal
    избы́точный сигна́л — redundant signal
    сигна́л изображе́ния тлв. — picture signal
    сигна́л изображе́ния и синхрониза́ции тлв. — composite [sync-and-picture] signal
    и́мпульсный сигна́л ( результат квантования по времени) — sampled signal, signal sample
    и́мпульсный, входно́й сигна́л ( форма испытательного сигнала) — impulse input (function)
    и́мпульсный, выходно́й сигна́л ( отклик на выходной сигнал) — impulse (function) response
    индивидуа́льный сигна́л ( в многоканальной связи) — channel signal
    информацио́нный сигна́л — intelligence signal
    сигна́л ка́дровой синхрониза́ции — frame [vertical] sync signal
    кванто́ванный сигна́л (по амплитуде, по уровню) — quantized signal
    контро́льный сигна́л — monitor(ing) signal
    сигна́л контро́ля посы́лки вы́зова — call-confirmation signal
    сигна́л конца́ ле́нты вчт. — end-of-tape [EOT] signal
    сигна́л конца́ сообще́ния вчт. — end-of-message [EOM] signal
    лине́йный сигна́л ( вид испытательного сигнала) — ramp input, ramp function
    ло́жный сигна́л — spurious [false] signal
    сигна́л, модули́рованный по амплиту́де — amplitude-modulated [AM] signal
    сигна́л, модули́рованный по фа́зе — phase-modulated [FM] signal
    сигна́л, модули́рованный по частоте́ — frequency-modulated [FM] signal
    модули́рующий сигна́л
    1. modulating signal
    2. (в проводной высокочстотной, а также радиосвязи — информационный сигнал до переноса в другой частотный диапазон или до модуляции несущей или поднесущей) baseband signal
    мо́дулирующий, тона́льный сигна́л ( в системах передачи данных) — baseband signal
    сигна́л на вы́ходе телека́меры — camera signal
    сигна́л недосту́пности но́мера тлф. — out-of-order [trouble] tone
    сигна́л неиспра́вности — fault signal
    непреры́вный сигна́л — analog [continuous] signal
    неразбо́рчивый сигна́л радио — unreadable signal
    сигна́л обра́тной свя́зи — feedback signal
    сигна́л обры́ва програ́ммы радио — program(me) failure alarm
    объединё́нный сигна́л ( в многоканальной связи) — combined signal
    разделя́ть объединё́нный сигна́л по кана́лам — separate the combined signal into channels
    ограни́ченный сигна́л — bounded signal
    сигна́л, ограни́ченный по частоте́ — band-limited signal
    однополо́сный сигна́л [ОПС] — single-sideband SSB signal (см. тж. ОПС)
    сигна́л опознава́ния цве́та ( в системе СЕКАМ) тлв. — colour identification signal
    опознава́тельный сигна́л — identification signal
    опо́рный сигна́л — reference signal
    опти́ческий сигна́л — optical signal
    сигна́л остано́вки — stop sign(al)
    сигна́л отбо́я тлф. — ringoff [clearing] signal
    сигна́л отбо́я со стороны́ вызыва́емого абоне́нта тлф. — clear-forward signal
    сигна́л отве́та АТС ( приглашение к набору) — proceed-to-select signal
    сигна́л отве́та ( приглашение к передаче) [m2]ручно́й ста́нции — proceed-to-transmit signal
    сигна́л отпира́ния ЭЛТ — (CRT) unblank signal
    отражё́нный сигна́л — echo (signal), return signal (e. g., from the target)
    сигна́л оши́бки — error signal
    сигна́л оши́бки ориента́ции (напра́вленной) анте́нны — pointing error signal
    сигна́л перено́са вчт. — carry (signal)
    сигна́л переполне́ния вчт. — overflow signal
    периоди́ческий сигна́л — periodic signal
    побо́чный сигна́л радио — spurious signal
    подавля́емый сигна́л — victim signal
    сигна́л подтвержде́ния — acknowledgement [ACK] signal
    пожа́рный сигна́л — fire-alarm signal
    позывно́й сигна́л радио — call sign(al), call letter
    поле́зный сигна́л (в противовес наводке, шумам или помехе) — legitimate [valid] signal
    по́лный сигна́л тлв. — composite colour [picture] signal
    сигна́л поме́хи ( от глушащих станций) — electronic countermeasure [ECM] signal
    потенциа́льный сигна́л — level signal
    предупреди́тельный сигна́л — warning signal
    преры́вистый сигна́л — intermittent signal
    сигна́л ( сигнальная комбинация) пробе́ла — space signal
    простра́нственно-модули́рованный сигна́л — spatially modulated signal
    псевдослуча́йный сигна́л — pseudorandom signal
    пусково́й сигна́л — starting signal
    сигна́л рассогласова́ния — error signal
    сигна́л с акти́вной па́узой — non-return-to-zero [NRZ] signal
    светово́й сигна́л — light signal; ( световое табло) light annunciator, illuminated call-out
    синфа́зный сигна́л — common-mode [in-phase] signal
    синхронизи́рующий сигна́л — synchronizing signal
    сигна́л систе́мы поса́дки по прибо́рам, просто́й — ( для международной системы) raw ILS signal; ( для советской системы) raw СП signal
    составно́й сигна́л — composite signal
    сигна́л с пасси́вной па́узой — return-to-zero [RZ] signal
    сигна́л с пода́вленной несу́щей — suppressed-carrier signal
    стациона́рный сигна́л — stationary [non-time-varying] signal
    сигна́л стира́ния оши́бки ( в буквопечатающих аппаратах) — erasure signal
    строби́рующий сигна́л — gate [gating] signal
    ступе́нчатый сигна́л ( результат квантования по уровню) — quantized signal, quantized waveform
    ступе́нчатый, входно́й сигна́л ( форма испытательного сигнала) — step input (junction)
    ступе́нчатый, выходно́й сигна́л ( отклик на входной сигнал) — step (function) response
    сигна́л счи́тывания вчт. — read(ing) [sense] signal
    сигна́л тона́льного вы́зова тлф. — call tone
    сигна́л то́чного вре́мени — (standard) time signal
    передава́ть сигна́лы то́чного вре́мени ( по радио) — broadcast [distribute] (standard) time signals
    трево́жный сигна́л — alarm signal
    сигна́л уклоне́ния от ку́рса навиг. — off course warning
    управля́ющий сигна́л — control signal
    упрежда́ющий сигна́л — anticipatory signal
    сигна́л установле́ния соедине́ния тлф., телемех. — call-connected signal
    хрони́рующий сигна́л — timing signal
    сигна́л цве́тности тлв. — ( до модуляции поднесущей) chrominance [video colour-difference] signal; ( после модуляции поднесущей) chroma [modulated subcarrier] signal
    сигна́л цветны́х поло́с, испыта́тельный тлв. — colour-bar-chart signal
    цветово́й сигна́л тлв. — colour signal
    часто́тно-модули́рованный сигна́л — frequency-modulated [FM] signal
    шумово́й сигна́л — noise (signal)

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > сигнал

  • 9 prevención

    f.
    1 prevention, prevenience.
    2 precaution, caution, caginess, prevention.
    3 warning, notice, admonition.
    * * *
    1 (precaución) prevention
    2 (medida) measure, preventive measure
    3 (prejuicio) prejudice
    \
    en prevención de as a precaution against
    prevención del embarazo family planning
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de accidente, enfermedad] prevention

    medidas de prevención — emergency measures, contingency plans

    2) (=medida) precautionary measure, precaution
    3) (=previsión) foresight, forethought
    4) (=prejuicio) prejudice
    5) (=comisaría) police-station
    6) (Mil) guardroom, guardhouse
    * * *
    1)
    a) (de un mal, problema) prevention
    b) ( medida)
    2) ( prejuicio)

    tener prevención contra algo/alguien — to be prejudiced against something/somebody

    * * *
    = prevention, countermeasure [counter measure].
    Ex. Consider this title 'A handbook of heart disease, blood pressure and strokes: the cause, treatment and prevention of these disorders'.
    Ex. This article reviews the extent of book theft in libraries and discusses some effective countermeasures that may help reduce the problem.
    ----
    * medidas de prevención = prevention efforts, prevention measures.
    * prevención de conflictos = conflict deterrence, conflict prevention.
    * prevención de enfermedades = disease prevention.
    * prevención de riesgos = risk management, risk prevention.
    * prevención de riesgos laborales = occupational hazard prevention.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (de un mal, problema) prevention
    b) ( medida)
    2) ( prejuicio)

    tener prevención contra algo/alguien — to be prejudiced against something/somebody

    * * *
    = prevention, countermeasure [counter measure].

    Ex: Consider this title 'A handbook of heart disease, blood pressure and strokes: the cause, treatment and prevention of these disorders'.

    Ex: This article reviews the extent of book theft in libraries and discusses some effective countermeasures that may help reduce the problem.
    * medidas de prevención = prevention efforts, prevention measures.
    * prevención de conflictos = conflict deterrence, conflict prevention.
    * prevención de enfermedades = disease prevention.
    * prevención de riesgos = risk management, risk prevention.
    * prevención de riesgos laborales = occupational hazard prevention.

    * * *
    A
    1 (de un mal, problema) prevention
    una campaña de prevención del alcoholismo a campaign to fight alcoholism
    para la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas to prevent the spread of o for the prevention of infectious diseases
    en prevención de nuevos disturbios in order to prevent further riots
    2 (medida) precaution
    tomamos todas las prevenciones del caso we took all the necessary precautions
    B
    (prejuicio): tiene prevención contra las mujeres independientes he has something against o he's prejudiced against independent women
    * * *

     

    prevención sustantivo femenino
    a) (de un mal, problema) prevention



    prevención sustantivo femenino
    1 (de enfermedades, etc) prevention
    2 (medidas) precaution
    medidas de prevención, contingency plans
    ' prevención' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    precaución
    English:
    ASPCA
    - prevention
    * * *
    1. [acción] prevention;
    [medida] precaution;
    una campaña de prevención del sida an AIDS prevention campaign;
    en prevención de as a precaution against
    prevención laboral health and safety
    2. [prejuicio] prejudice;
    probó la sopa no sin cierta prevención she tried the soup, albeit rather reluctantly;
    tener prevención contra alguien to be prejudiced against sb
    * * *
    f prevention;
    tomar prevenciones take precautions
    * * *
    1) : prevention
    2) : preparation, readiness
    3) : precautionary measure
    4) : prejudice, bias
    * * *
    prevención n prevention

    Spanish-English dictionary > prevención

  • 10 FYRIR

    * * *
    prep.
    I. with dat.
    1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);
    fyrir dyrum, before the door;
    2) before one, in one’s presence;
    hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;
    3) for;
    hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;
    4) before one, in one’s way;
    fjörðr varð fyrir þeim, they came to a fjord;
    sitja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for one;
    5) naut. term. before, off;
    liggja fyrir bryggjum, to lie off the piers;
    fyrir Humru-mynni, off the Humber;
    6) before, at the head of, over;
    vera fyrir liði, to be over the troops;
    vera fyrir máli, to lead the case;
    sitja fyrir svörum, to undertake the defence;
    7) of time, ago;
    fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago;
    fyrir stundu, a while ago;
    fyrir löngu, long ago;
    vera fyrir e-u, to forebode (of a dream);
    8) before, above, superior to;
    Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;
    9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;
    þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;
    tók at eyðast fyrir herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail;
    10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;
    mikit gøri þer mér fyrir þessu máli, you make this case hard for me;
    varð honum lítit fyrir því, it was a small matter for him;
    Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;
    11) because of, for;
    hon undi sér hvergri fyrir verkjum, she had no rest for pains;
    fyrir hræðslu, for fear;
    illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;
    gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;
    fyrir því at, because, since, as;
    12) against;
    gæt þín vel fyrir konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men;
    beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, against all kinds of harm;
    13) fyrir sér, of oneself;
    mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;
    minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;
    14) denoting manner or quality, with;
    hvítr fyrir hærum, while with hoary hair;
    II. with acc.
    1) before, in front of;
    halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;
    2) before, into the presence of;
    stefna e-m fyrir dómstól, before a court;
    3) over;
    hlaupa fyrir björg, to leap over a precipice;
    kasta fyrir borð, to throw overboard;
    4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;
    ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;
    5) round, off;
    sigla fyrir nes, to weather a point;
    6) along, all along;
    fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;
    draga ör fyrir odd, to draw the arrow past the point;
    7) of time, fyrir dag, before day;
    fyrir e-s minni, before one’s memory;
    8) for, on behalf of;
    vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;
    lögvörn fyrir mál, a lawful defence for a case;
    9) for, for the benefit of;
    þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, they cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses);
    10) for, instead of, in place of, as;
    11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);
    fyrir þín orð, for thy words (intercession);
    fyrir sína vinsæld, by reason of his popularity;
    12) denoting value, price;
    fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks;
    fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;
    13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð e-s);
    14) joined with adverbs ending in -an, governing acc. (fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);
    fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;
    fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge;
    fyrir handan á, beyond the river;
    fyrir innan garð, inside the fence;
    III. as adverb or ellipt.
    1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;
    þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;
    2) first;
    mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I shall do to you according as you do first;
    3) at hand, present, to the fore;
    föng þau, er fyrir vóru, stores that were at hand;
    þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already present (before the bride and bridegroom came);
    4) e-m verðr e-t fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;
    Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;
    e-t mælist vel (illa) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel fyrir).
    * * *
    prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either  (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS., as, fyre, Ó. H. (facsimile); fire, Grág. Sb. ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, Fms. iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, Haustl. 1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]
    WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, Nj. 14, Vsp. 53, Hm. 69, Edda 130; niðr f. smiðju-dyrum, Eg. 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, Nj. 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit f. þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, Fms. vii. 207, Hkr. iii. 335 (Ó. H. 201, l. c., frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum f. sér, beneath in the fire before them, Nj. 204; þeir sá f. sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, i. e. they came to a great house, Eg. 546; öðrum f. sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér, Grág. i. 5.
    2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel f. búum, before the neighbours, Nj. 87; lýsi ek f. búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim) f. e-m, Ld. 8; hann hermdi boð öll f. Gizuri, Nj. 78; hón nefndisk f. þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., Fms. i. 8; kæra e-t f. e-m, Ó. H. 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann f. þeim, Nj. 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er f. þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, i. e. because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) f. e-m, to give a good (bad) example, e. g. in the presence of children; lifa vel f. Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti f. Guði, Nj. 199; sem þeir sjá réttast f. Guði, Grág. i. (pref.); fyrir öllum þeim, Hom. 89; á laun f. öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, Grág. i. 337, Jb. 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill f. húsfreyju minni, i. e. when you talk to my wife, Nj. 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, Merl. 2. 78.
    3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja f. þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, Nj. 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, i. e. to clear Valhalla for slain folk, Em. I; ryðja vígvöll f. vegundum, Nj. 212; ljúka upp f. e-m, to open the door for one, Fms. xi. 323, Stj. 5; rýma pallinn f. þeim, Eg. 304; hann lét göra eld f. þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. f. sér, Fms. xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, Eg. 45.
    II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð f. þeim, Eg. 530; á (fjörðr) varð f. þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, i. e. they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi f. liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð f. Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., Hkr. iii. 363; þeirra manna er f. honum urðu, Eg. 92.
    2. sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for one, Ld. 218, Nj. 107; lá f. henni í skóginum, Edda (pref.); sitja f. rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, Eg. 136 (fyrir-sát).
    3. ellipt., menn urðu at gæta sín er f. urðu, Nj. 100; Egill var þar f. í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, Eg. 378; hafði sá bana er f. varð, who was before (the arrow), i. e. he was hit, Nj. 8.
    4. verða f. e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr f. drepi, if he be struck, Grág. ii. 19; verða f. áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, Ld. 140; verða f. reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, Eg. 226; verða f. ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, Fas. i. 130; sitja f. hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, Nj. 71; vera eigi f. sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.
    III. a naut. term, before, off; liggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the pier, Ld. 166; skip fljóta f. strengjum, Sks. 116; þeir lágu f. bænum, they lay off the town, Bs. i. 18; liggja úti f. Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, Eg. 261; hann druknaði f. Jaðri, off the J., Fms. i. II; þeir kómu at honum f. Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr f. landi, Hkr. i. 301; f. Humru-minni, off the Humber, Orkn. 338, cp. Km. 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, Orkn. 356.
    IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr f. búi föður síns, Ver. 26 (of king David); vera f. liði, to be over the troops, Eg. 292, Nj. 7; vera f. máli, to lead the case, Band. 8; vera forstjóri f. búi, to be steward over the household, Eg. 52; ráða f. landi, ríki, etc., to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, Nj. 5; hverr f. eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, Eg. 239; ráða f. e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja f. svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; hafa svör f. e-m, to be the chief spokesman, Fms. x. 101, Dipl. v. 26.
    V. special usages; friða f. e-m, to make peace for one, Fms. vii. 16, Bs. i. 65; bæta f. e-m, to make things good for one, Hom. 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.) f. e-m, to plead for one, Fms. iii. 33, Nj. 128,—also spilla f. e-m, to disparage one, Eg. 255; haga, ætla f. e-u, to manage, arrange for one, Ld. 208, Sturl. i. 14, Boll. 356; rífka ráð f. e-m, to better one’s condition, Nj. 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf f. frændkonu sinni, Js. 58; standa f. manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, Eg. 357, Grág. ii. 13; vera skjöldr f. e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað f. e-u, to have the expences for a thing, Ld. 14; vinna f. e-m, to support one by one’s work, Sks. 251; starfa f. fé sínu, to manage one’s money, Ld. 166; hyggja f. e-u, to take heed for a thing, Nj. 109; hyggja f. sér, Fs. 5; hafa forsjá f. e-m, to provide for one, Ld. 186; sjá f. e-u, to see after, Eg. 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð f. mér, Nj. 20: ironic. to put at rest, Háv. 40: ellipt., sjá vel f., to provide well for, Nj. 102.
    B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, Nj. 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, Fms. i. 76, Ld. 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, Nj. 260, Fms. i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, Grág. i. 80, ii. 323, 394, Finnb. 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, Fms. i. 57.
    2. the phrase, vera f. e-u, to forebode; vera f. stórfundum, Nj. 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu f. siða-skipti, Fms. xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera f. kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum f. e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá f. e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, Nj. 171.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar f. öllum ungum mönnum, Dropl. 7; þykkisk hann mjök f. öðrum mönnum, Ld. 38; ver f. hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, Eg. 65; Hálfdan svarti var f. þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, Fms. i. 4; þorgrímr var f. sonum Önundar, Grett. 87; var Haraldr mest f. þeim at virðingu, Fms. i. 47.
    II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið f. þeim, Grág. i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).
    2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit f. heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = Lat. pro, Fms. vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, Blas. 38; gjalda önd mína f. önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf f. sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ), H. E. i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, Dipl. iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir f. e-m, 656 A; heita f. e-m, biðja f. e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), Fms. iii. 48, Bs. i. 70; biðja f. mönnum, to intercede for, 19, Fms. xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja f. stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.
    III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, Eg. 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, Grág. i. 36, Dropl. 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn f. Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, i. e. forsook Thorkel, Fms. ix. 422; kom upp grátr f. henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé f. öðrum, to take another’s money, N. G. L. i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, Landn. 56; ef hross verðr tekit f. honum, if a horse of his be taken, Grág. i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, Ó. H. 60; e-t ferr ílla f. e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór f. Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., Vígl. 18; loka dyrr f. e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, Edda 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn f. yðr drepit, heldr f. yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, i. e. they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, Fbr. 33; tók at eyðask f. henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, Nj. 29; rak á f. þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, Vígl. 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn f. Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., i. e. so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil f. Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast f. mér, my sword broke, Korm. 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t f. e-m, to break a thing for one, Bs. i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167; árin brotnaði f. honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.
    2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja f. sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, i. e. to hinder one’s doing well, Sturl. 87; mikit göri þér mér f. þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, Eb. 124; þér er mikit f. máli, thy case stands ill, Fms. v. 325; ekki er Guði f. því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið f. því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, Grett. III; mér er minna f. því, it is easier for me, Am. 60; þykkja mikit f. e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, Nj. 77; Icel. also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, Ó. H. 140; sem sér muni lítið f. at veiða Gunnar, Nj. 113; fast mun f. vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, Ld. 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt f., A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), Nj. 185; hann var lengi f., he was long about it, Fms. x. 205; hann var lengi f. ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf. Karl. 388.
    IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, Lat. per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, Edda 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest for pains, Bjarn. 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = Lat. prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; f. hlátri, for laughter, as in Engl.; þeir æddust f. einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, Sól. 11; ílla fært f. ísum, scarce passable for ice, Fms. xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar f. Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35; hann var lítt gengr f. sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, Fbr. 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, Hbl. 26; heptisk vegrinn f. þeim meinvættum sem …, Fs. 4; gáðu þeir eigi f. veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, Landn. 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, Eg. 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, Grág. i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? Eluc. 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, Eg. 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, Edda 35, Fms. i. 22, vii. 330, Ld. 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, Skálda 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.
    V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, Háv. 52.
    2. denoting contest; falla f. e-m, to fall before one, i. e. fighting against one, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki f. e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, Ld. 146; látask f. e-m, to perish by one, Eb. 34; hafa bana f. e-m, to be slain by one, Nj. 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa f. honum, 263; mæddisk hann f. þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, Eg. 192; láta ríki f. e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, i. e. so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar f. þér, 505; láta hlut sinn f. e-m, Fs. 47; standask f. e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, Edda (pref.); hugðisk hann falla mundu f. sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, Hým. 12; halda hlut f. e-m, Ld. 54; halda frið ok frelsi f. várum óvinum, Fms. viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað f. þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding), Ld. 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit f. mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, Fær. 37; halda vöku f. sér, to keep oneself awake, Fms. i. 216.
    β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva f. e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, i. e. to be pursued, Bs. i. 774, Grág. ii. 359; at hann rynni f. þrælum hans, Ld. 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á f. Hofsmönnum, Landn. 178; ganga f. e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, Fms. i. 305, x. 292; vægja f. e-m, to yield to one, give way, Eg. 21, 187, Nj. 57, Ld. 234.
    VI. against; verja land f. e-m, Eg. 32; verja landit f. Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, Fms. i. 23; til landvarnar f. víkingum, Eg. 260; landvarnar-maðr f. Norðmönnum, Fms. vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar f. bergrisum, Edda 17; gæt þín vel f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, Eg. 113; góð aðstoð f. tröllum ok dvergum, Bárð. 163; beiða Baldri griða f. allskonar háska, Edda 36; auðskæðr f. höggum, Eg. 770.
    VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), Grág. ii. 384, Fms. vii. 262; halda f. veðri, to stand before the wind, Róm. 211.
    2. rýrt mun verða f. honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, Nj. 94: ellipt., hafði sá bana er f. varð, 8; sprakk f., 16, 91.
    VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, esp. of physical power; mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; lítill f. sér, weak, feeble, Nj. 20, Ísl. ii. 368, Eg. 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann f. mér, Edda 33; minnstr f. sér, smallest, weakest, Eg. 123; gildr maðr f. sér, Ísl. ii. 322, Fms. ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil f. sér, a hardy man, Nj. 270; hvat ert þú f. þér, what kind of fellow art thou? Clem. 33; vera einn f. sér, to be a strange fellow, Grett. 79 new Ed.; Icel. also say, göra mikið (lítið) f. sér, to make oneself big ( little).
    β. sjóða e-t f. sér, to hesitate, saunter, Nj. 154; mæla f. munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, Orkn. 248, Nj. 249.
    IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr f. hærum, white with hoary hairs, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, Mag. 5; hjölt hvít f. silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, Eb. 226.
    X. as adverb or ellipt.,
    1. ahead, in front, = á undan, Lat. prae, opp. to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, Nj. 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), Eg. 580; Egill fór f., E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar f. í nótt, 283.
    β. first; hann stefndi f. málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, Nj. 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit f., I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum f., seven nights before, Grág. ii. 217.
    2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, i. e. before the bride and bridegroom came, Nj. 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar f. vera, he shall be there present, Js. 3; heima í túni fyrir, Fær. 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, Eg. 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem f. eru, who are there already, i. e. in his charge, Grág. i. 286: of things, föng þau er f. vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, Eg. 134.
    3. fore, opp. to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar f. allt gullknöppum, Eg. 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst, Mar.
    XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, i. e. one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat f., at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, Grág. i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki f., K. had no resource, i. e. lost his head, Sturl. iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, Nj. 117, Sturl. ii. 151; mun þat vel f. mælask, people will like it well, Nj. 29, Þórð. 55 new Ed.; ílla mun þat f. mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel f., the people praised the poem, Fms. vii. 113.
    XII. in special senses, either as prep. or adv. (vide A. V. above); segja leið f. skipi, to pilot a ship, Eg. 359; segja f. skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, Bs. i. 774, Fms. x. 480; mæla f. e-u, to dictate, Grág. ii. 266; mæla f. minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla f. sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u f., to arrange, put right; ætla f. e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m f. e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið f. e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa f. e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita f. sér, to enquire; biðjask f., to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja f., etc., to order, Nj. 103, Js. 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá f., at …, Landn. 34; spyrjask f., to enquire, Hkr. ii. 333; búask f., to prepare, make arrangement, Landn. 35, Sks. 551; skipask f., to draw up, Nj. 197; leggjask f., to lie down in despair, Bs. i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá f. úorðna hluti, Fms. i. 96; segja f., to foretell, 76, Bb. 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt f. um æfi hans, Nj. 102; vita e-t f., to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t f., to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained, id.
    WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, Nj. 198; láta síga brýnn f. brár, Hkv. Hjörv. 19; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, Nj. 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, Fs. 39.
    2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m f. dómstól, Fms. xi. 444; ganga, koma f. e-n, to go, come before one, Fms. i. 15, Eg. 426, Nj. 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, Stj. 611.
    3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum f. sik, he put the shield before him, Nj. 97, 115; halda skildi f. e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.
    4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram f., forward; aptr f., backward, etc.; hann reiddi öxina fram f. sik, a stroke forward with the axe, Fms. vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna f. sik, 195; komask út f. dyrr, to go outside the door, Eg. 206:—draga ofan f. brekku, to drag over the hill, Ld. 220; hrinda f. mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, Eg. 748; hlaupa f. björg, to leap over a precipice, Eb. 62, Landn. 36; elta e-n f. björg, Grág. ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) f. borð, to leap ( throw) overboard, Fms. i. 178, Hkr. iii. 391, Ld. 226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr f. borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, Fms. ix. 3; hlaupa niðr f. stafn, Eg. 142; niðr f. skaflinn, Dropl. 25; fyrir brekku, Orkn. 450, Glúm. 395 (in a verse).
    II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu f. þá, Fms. ix. 475; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, Boll. 348; hlaupa ofan f. þá, Nj. 153; vóru allt komin f. hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, Fms. vii. 207; þeir felldu brota f. hann, viz. they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann f. skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, Ld. 166.
    III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, Nj. 44; út f. Holm, out past the Holm, Fms. vii. 356: esp. as a naut. term, off a point on the shore, sigla f. England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, Orkn. 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, Fms. vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, Edda 91 (in a verse); er hann kom f. Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, Eg. 80; leggja land f. skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, i. e. to pass it, Edda l. c.; göra frið f. land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, Ld. 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river, Fms. iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, Grág. ii. 263; girða f. nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, cp. Lat. praesepire, praemunire, etc., Grág. ii. 263; so also binda f. op, poka, Lat. praeligare, praestringere; hlaða f. gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri f. stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, Nj. 275; skjóta slagbrandi f. dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, Dropl. 29; láta loku (lás) f. hurð, to lock a door, Gísl. 28; setja innsigli f. bréf, to set a seal to a letter, Dipl. i. 3: ellipt., setr hón þar lás fyrir, Ld. 42, Bs. i. 512.
    2. along, all along; f. endilanga Danmörk, f. endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, Fms. iv. 319, xi. 91, Grett. 97:—öx álnar f. munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, Ld. 276; draga ör f. ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, Fms. ii. 321.
    IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, Sturl. i. 44, Hrafn. 13, Fms. ii. 131; taka f. munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka f. háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, etc.; taka mál f. munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka f. hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, Eb. 124; mod., taka fram f. hendrnar á e-m.
    B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, Eg. 80; f. miðjan dag, Ld. 14; f. sól, before sunrise, 268; f. sólar-lag, before sunset; f. miðjan aptan, Nj. 192; f. náttmál, 197; f. óttu, Sighvat; f. þinglausnir, Ölk. 37; f. Jól, Nj. 269; f. fardaga, Grág. ii. 341; viku f. sumar, 244; f. mitt sumar, Nj. 138; litlu f. vetr, Eg. 159; f. vetrnætr, Grág. ii. 217; f. e-s minni, before one’s memory, Íb. 16.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, Fms. x. 372.
    II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, Nj. 77; ganga í skuld f. e-n, Grág. i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá f. Ölvi, Eg. 210; kaupa e-t f. e-n, Nj. 157; gjalda gjöld f. e-n, Grág. i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir f. e-n, Eg. 504; hvárr f. sik, each for oneself, Dipl. v. 26; sættisk á öll mál f. Björn, Nj. 266; tók sættir f. Björn, Eg. 168; svara f. e-t, Fms. xi. 444; hafa til varnir f. sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma f.; færa vörn f. sik, etc.; verja, sækja sakir f. sik, and many similar law phrases, Grág. passim; biðja konu f. e-n, to woo a lady for another, Fms. x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, Gs. 16; lögvörn f. mál, a lawful defence for a case, Nj. 111; hafa til varnar f. sök, to defend a case, Grág. i. 61; halda skiladómi f. e-t, Dipl. iv. 8; festa lög f. e-t, vide festa.
    III. in a distributive sense; penning f. mann, a penny per man, K. Þ. K. 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, Lv. 89, Fms. i. 153, Ó. H. 141; hve f. marga menn, for how many men, Grág. i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.
    IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð f. hungraða, Hom. 75; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), Nj. 265; leggja kostnað f. e-n, to defray one’s costs, Grág. i. 341.
    V. for, instead of; hann setti sik f. Guð, Edda (pref.); hafa e-n f. Guð (Lat. pro Deo), Stj. 73, Barl. 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann f. sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, Grág. i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka f. brynjur, Fs. 17; manna-höfuð vóru f. kljána, Nj. 275; gagl f. gás ok grís f. gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; rif stór f. hlunna, Háv. 48; buðkr er f. húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; auga f. auga, tönn f. tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell f. skillinga, Þkv. 32.
    VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, Nj. 92, Fms. v. 162; eigi f. sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? Nj. 101; ok urðu f. þat sekir, Landn. 323; hafa ámæli f. e-t, Nj. 65, passim.
    2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra f. þín orð, Ld. 158, Nj. 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, Fms. i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old Engl. ‘fore God), Karl. 241; fyrir þitt líf, Stj. 514; ek særi þik f. alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, Nj. 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, Eg. 714; er sik leysti út f. þrjú hundruð marka, Fms. ix. 421; ganga f. hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, D. I. i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða f. hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, Ld. 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, Nj. 57; bætr f. víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr f. mann, Eg. 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, Nj. 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, Fms. i. 9, 157, Gþl. 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann f. sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, i. e. they sold their lives dearly, Ó. H. 217.
    2. ellipt., í staðinn f., instead of, Grág. i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða f. góð boð, Nj. 77; taka umbun f., Fms. vii. 161; svara slíku f. sem …, Boll. 350; þér skulut öngu f. týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, Nj. 7.
    VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, Stj.; fyrir sína náttúru, Fms. v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, Pass. 19. 12; svikin f. orminn, by the serpent, Al. 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very freq. in eccl. writings, esp. after the Reformation, N. T., Pass., Vídal.; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, etc.:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu f. kast ( by dice), Sturl. ii. 159.
    IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, N. G. L. i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, Grág. ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) f. ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, Þiðr. 190; nú fara menn f. bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, Gþl. 517; hann gaf henni líf f. framkvæmd farar, i. e. although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow), Fms. v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, Grett. 80 new Ed.; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.
    X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but freq. in mod. usage, thus, eigi e-n f. vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n f. fífl, fól, to make sport of one.
    2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, e. g. vita f. vist, to know for certain, Dipl. i. 3; vita f. full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa f. satt, to take for sooth, believe, Nj. 135; koma f. eitt, to come ( turn) all to one, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma f. ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, Nj. 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti f. varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, Sól. 19.
    XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following acc. denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, i. e. on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = Lat. ultra; fyrir innan fjall = Lat. infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, etc.; vide these adverbs:—used adverb., fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in Icel. to mark the quarters of the country, cp. the ditty in Esp. Árb. year 1530; but not freq. in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, cp. Kristni S. ch. 1: absol. and adverb., fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, Anal. 98, Vkv. 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.
    ☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:
    I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, temp., and metaph. furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini, etc.
    β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, etc.
    2. in an intens. sense = before others, very, but not freq.; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.
    II. (cp. fyrir, acc., C. IX), in a neg. or priv. sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, e. g. for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:
    1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, e. g. for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.
    2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, e. g. for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in eccl. writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in Icel.) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, etc.; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence.

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