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61 De Forest, Lee
SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Photography, film and optics, Recording, Telecommunications[br]b. 26 August 1873 Council Bluffs, Iowa, USAd. 30 June 1961 Hollywood, California, USA[br]American electrical engineer and inventor principally known for his invention of the Audion, or triode, vacuum tube; also a pioneer of sound in the cinema.[br]De Forest was born into the family of a Congregational minister that moved to Alabama in 1879 when the father became President of a college for African-Americans; this was a position that led to the family's social ostracism by the white community. By the time he was 13 years old, De Forest was already a keen mechanical inventor, and in 1893, rejecting his father's plan for him to become a clergyman, he entered the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. Following his first degree, he went on to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves, gaining a PhD in physics in 1899 for his thesis on the "Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires", probably the first US thesis in the field of radio.He then joined the Western Electric Company in Chicago where he helped develop the infant technology of wireless, working his way up from a modest post in the production area to a position in the experimental laboratory. There, working alone after normal working hours, he developed a detector of electromagnetic waves based on an electrolytic device similar to that already invented by Fleming in England. Recognizing his talents, a number of financial backers enabled him to set up his own business in 1902 under the name of De Forest Wireless Telegraphy Company; he was soon demonstrating wireless telegraphy to interested parties and entering into competition with the American Marconi Company.Despite the failure of this company because of fraud by his partners, he continued his experiments; in 1907, by adding a third electrode, a wire mesh, between the anode and cathode of the thermionic diode invented by Fleming in 1904, he was able to produce the amplifying device now known as the triode valve and achieve a sensitivity of radio-signal reception much greater than possible with the passive carborundum and electrolytic detectors hitherto available. Patented under the name Audion, this new vacuum device was soon successfully used for experimental broadcasts of music and speech in New York and Paris. The invention of the Audion has been described as the beginning of the electronic era. Although much development work was required before its full potential was realized, the Audion opened the way to progress in all areas of sound transmission, recording and reproduction. The patent was challenged by Fleming and it was not until 1943 that De Forest's claim was finally recognized.Overcoming the near failure of his new company, the De Forest Radio Telephone Company, as well as unsuccessful charges of fraudulent promotion of the Audion, he continued to exploit the potential of his invention. By 1912 he had used transformer-coupling of several Audion stages to achieve high gain at radio frequencies, making long-distance communication a practical proposition, and had applied positive feedback from the Audion output anode to its input grid to realize a stable transmitter oscillator and modulator. These successes led to prolonged patent litigation with Edwin Armstrong and others, and he eventually sold the manufacturing rights, in retrospect often for a pittance.During the early 1920s De Forest began a fruitful association with T.W.Case, who for around ten years had been working to perfect a moving-picture sound system. De Forest claimed to have had an interest in sound films as early as 1900, and Case now began to supply him with photoelectric cells and primitive sound cameras. He eventually devised a variable-density sound-on-film system utilizing a glow-discharge modulator, the Photion. By 1926 De Forest's Phonofilm had been successfully demonstrated in over fifty theatres and this system became the basis of Movietone. Though his ideas were on the right lines, the technology was insufficiently developed and it was left to others to produce a system acceptable to the film industry. However, De Forest had played a key role in transforming the nature of the film industry; within a space of five years the production of silent films had all but ceased.In the following decade De Forest applied the Audion to the development of medical diathermy. Finally, after spending most of his working life as an independent inventor and entrepreneur, he worked for a time during the Second World War at the Bell Telephone Laboratories on military applications of electronics.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Electronic and Radio Engineers Medal of Honour 1922. President, Institute of Electronic and Radio Engineers 1930. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Edison Medal 1946.Bibliography1904, "Electrolytic detectors", Electrician 54:94 (describes the electrolytic detector). 1907, US patent no. 841,387 (the Audion).1950, Father of Radio, Chicago: WIlcox \& Follett (autobiography).De Forest gave his own account of the development of his sound-on-film system in a series of articles: 1923. "The Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 16 (May): 61–75; 1924. "Phonofilm progress", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 20:17–19; 1927, "Recent developments in the Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 27:64–76; 1941, "Pioneering in talking pictures", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 36 (January): 41–9.Further ReadingG.Carneal, 1930, A Conqueror of Space (biography).I.Levine, 1964, Electronics Pioneer, Lee De Forest (biography).E.I.Sponable, 1947, "Historical development of sound films", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 48 (April): 275–303 (an authoritative account of De Forest's sound-film work, by Case's assistant).W.R.McLaurin, 1949, Invention and Innovation in the Radio Industry.C.F.Booth, 1955, "Fleming and De Forest. An appreciation", in Thermionic Valves 1904– 1954, IEE.V.J.Phillips, 1980, Early Radio Detectors, London: Peter Peregrinus.KF / JW -
62 EE
1) Компьютерная техника: Expensive Edition2) Военный термин: educational establishment, electromagnetic environment, electronic engineering, electronic environment, electronic equipment, elements of expense, emergency equipment, emergency establishment, engagement effectiveness, expiration of enlistment, external environment3) Техника: electrically erased, electromagnetic evaluation, electronic editing, electronics engineering division, electronics-to-electronics, energy exchanger, exoelectron emission4) Математика: Explicit Equality5) Религия: Evangelism Explosion6) Железнодорожный термин: Ellis and Eastern Company7) Грубое выражение: Exciting Ejaculations8) Сокращение: EW Expendable, Early English, Electrical Engineer, Electrical Engineering, Electrical or Electronics Engineer, Electronics Engineer, Envoy Extraordinary, earth entry, employee, end to end, experimental establishment, errors excepted, exclusive economic zone, Early Edition, Early Entry, Earth Electrode, Eased Edges (lumber industry), Easter Egg (hidden area of a program or site), Eastern European, Ecosystem Evaluation, Edge Enhancement (video), Edward Elric (protagonist of anime series FullMetal Alchemist), Electrical Energy, Electrical Essence (forum), Electronic Encyclopedia, Electronic Engineer, Element Energy, Elementary Education, Elite Edition, Empire Earth (game), End-Effector, Energy Expenditure, Energy and Environment, Engraver's Express, Inc, Enter Exponent (calculator function), Enterprise Edition (Java2), Environmental Education, Environmental Engineering, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Epreuve d'essai (French: proof print), Equal Exchange, Equipment Engineering, Ersatz Elevator (Lemony Snicket), Escape and Evasion, Estonia, Estoy Escuchando (Spanish: now playing), Et Cetera, Et Cetera, Eternal Echo (band), Eternal Energy, Eternity Engine (gaming), Ether Extract, Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy, Euskadiko Ezquerra (Basque Division of the Spanish Left Wing Party), Evaluation Engineering, Evil Empire (gaming), Evropaiki Enosi (Greek: European Union), Excess Emission(s), Execution Environment, Executive Editor, Exercise Experience, Exotic Ethnic (gaming), Experts Exchange, Exponent, Exponential Elevation, Expressed Emotion (psychiatric term used in schizophrenia settings), Expression Engine (Pmachine.com), Extended Edition (DVD movie version), Extended Employment program, Extended Essay (International Baccalaureate), Extreme Edition (Intel Pentium 4), Exudative Epidermitis (Porcine Circovirus 2), emergency establishment (US DoD), раннеанглийский язык9) Вычислительная техника: Extended Edition, Emotion Engine (Sony, Playstation)10) Экология: ecological efficiency11) Деловая лексика: Economic Empowerment12) Образование: English Essay13) Сетевые технологии: Enterprise Edition14) ЕБРР: energy efficiency15) Полимеры: external environments16) Программирование: Enter Exponent17) Химическое оружие: emergency exit, engineering evaluation18) Расширение файла: Extended Edition (IBM)19) SAP.тех. работник20) Электротехника: electrical equipment21) НАСА: Exploration Era22) Программное обеспечение: Easy Editor, Expected Error23) Единицы измерений: English Equivalent24) AMEX. El Paso Electric Company25) Международная торговля: Export Enforcement -
63 Ee
1) Компьютерная техника: Expensive Edition2) Военный термин: educational establishment, electromagnetic environment, electronic engineering, electronic environment, electronic equipment, elements of expense, emergency equipment, emergency establishment, engagement effectiveness, expiration of enlistment, external environment3) Техника: electrically erased, electromagnetic evaluation, electronic editing, electronics engineering division, electronics-to-electronics, energy exchanger, exoelectron emission4) Математика: Explicit Equality5) Религия: Evangelism Explosion6) Железнодорожный термин: Ellis and Eastern Company7) Грубое выражение: Exciting Ejaculations8) Сокращение: EW Expendable, Early English, Electrical Engineer, Electrical Engineering, Electrical or Electronics Engineer, Electronics Engineer, Envoy Extraordinary, earth entry, employee, end to end, experimental establishment, errors excepted, exclusive economic zone, Early Edition, Early Entry, Earth Electrode, Eased Edges (lumber industry), Easter Egg (hidden area of a program or site), Eastern European, Ecosystem Evaluation, Edge Enhancement (video), Edward Elric (protagonist of anime series FullMetal Alchemist), Electrical Energy, Electrical Essence (forum), Electronic Encyclopedia, Electronic Engineer, Element Energy, Elementary Education, Elite Edition, Empire Earth (game), End-Effector, Energy Expenditure, Energy and Environment, Engraver's Express, Inc, Enter Exponent (calculator function), Enterprise Edition (Java2), Environmental Education, Environmental Engineering, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Epreuve d'essai (French: proof print), Equal Exchange, Equipment Engineering, Ersatz Elevator (Lemony Snicket), Escape and Evasion, Estonia, Estoy Escuchando (Spanish: now playing), Et Cetera, Et Cetera, Eternal Echo (band), Eternal Energy, Eternity Engine (gaming), Ether Extract, Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy, Euskadiko Ezquerra (Basque Division of the Spanish Left Wing Party), Evaluation Engineering, Evil Empire (gaming), Evropaiki Enosi (Greek: European Union), Excess Emission(s), Execution Environment, Executive Editor, Exercise Experience, Exotic Ethnic (gaming), Experts Exchange, Exponent, Exponential Elevation, Expressed Emotion (psychiatric term used in schizophrenia settings), Expression Engine (Pmachine.com), Extended Edition (DVD movie version), Extended Employment program, Extended Essay (International Baccalaureate), Extreme Edition (Intel Pentium 4), Exudative Epidermitis (Porcine Circovirus 2), emergency establishment (US DoD), раннеанглийский язык9) Вычислительная техника: Extended Edition, Emotion Engine (Sony, Playstation)10) Экология: ecological efficiency11) Деловая лексика: Economic Empowerment12) Образование: English Essay13) Сетевые технологии: Enterprise Edition14) ЕБРР: energy efficiency15) Полимеры: external environments16) Программирование: Enter Exponent17) Химическое оружие: emergency exit, engineering evaluation18) Расширение файла: Extended Edition (IBM)19) SAP.тех. работник20) Электротехника: electrical equipment21) НАСА: Exploration Era22) Программное обеспечение: Easy Editor, Expected Error23) Единицы измерений: English Equivalent24) AMEX. El Paso Electric Company25) Международная торговля: Export Enforcement -
64 ee
1) Компьютерная техника: Expensive Edition2) Военный термин: educational establishment, electromagnetic environment, electronic engineering, electronic environment, electronic equipment, elements of expense, emergency equipment, emergency establishment, engagement effectiveness, expiration of enlistment, external environment3) Техника: electrically erased, electromagnetic evaluation, electronic editing, electronics engineering division, electronics-to-electronics, energy exchanger, exoelectron emission4) Математика: Explicit Equality5) Религия: Evangelism Explosion6) Железнодорожный термин: Ellis and Eastern Company7) Грубое выражение: Exciting Ejaculations8) Сокращение: EW Expendable, Early English, Electrical Engineer, Electrical Engineering, Electrical or Electronics Engineer, Electronics Engineer, Envoy Extraordinary, earth entry, employee, end to end, experimental establishment, errors excepted, exclusive economic zone, Early Edition, Early Entry, Earth Electrode, Eased Edges (lumber industry), Easter Egg (hidden area of a program or site), Eastern European, Ecosystem Evaluation, Edge Enhancement (video), Edward Elric (protagonist of anime series FullMetal Alchemist), Electrical Energy, Electrical Essence (forum), Electronic Encyclopedia, Electronic Engineer, Element Energy, Elementary Education, Elite Edition, Empire Earth (game), End-Effector, Energy Expenditure, Energy and Environment, Engraver's Express, Inc, Enter Exponent (calculator function), Enterprise Edition (Java2), Environmental Education, Environmental Engineering, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Epreuve d'essai (French: proof print), Equal Exchange, Equipment Engineering, Ersatz Elevator (Lemony Snicket), Escape and Evasion, Estonia, Estoy Escuchando (Spanish: now playing), Et Cetera, Et Cetera, Eternal Echo (band), Eternal Energy, Eternity Engine (gaming), Ether Extract, Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy, Euskadiko Ezquerra (Basque Division of the Spanish Left Wing Party), Evaluation Engineering, Evil Empire (gaming), Evropaiki Enosi (Greek: European Union), Excess Emission(s), Execution Environment, Executive Editor, Exercise Experience, Exotic Ethnic (gaming), Experts Exchange, Exponent, Exponential Elevation, Expressed Emotion (psychiatric term used in schizophrenia settings), Expression Engine (Pmachine.com), Extended Edition (DVD movie version), Extended Employment program, Extended Essay (International Baccalaureate), Extreme Edition (Intel Pentium 4), Exudative Epidermitis (Porcine Circovirus 2), emergency establishment (US DoD), раннеанглийский язык9) Вычислительная техника: Extended Edition, Emotion Engine (Sony, Playstation)10) Экология: ecological efficiency11) Деловая лексика: Economic Empowerment12) Образование: English Essay13) Сетевые технологии: Enterprise Edition14) ЕБРР: energy efficiency15) Полимеры: external environments16) Программирование: Enter Exponent17) Химическое оружие: emergency exit, engineering evaluation18) Расширение файла: Extended Edition (IBM)19) SAP.тех. работник20) Электротехника: electrical equipment21) НАСА: Exploration Era22) Программное обеспечение: Easy Editor, Expected Error23) Единицы измерений: English Equivalent24) AMEX. El Paso Electric Company25) Международная торговля: Export Enforcement -
65 EMI
1) Компьютерная техника: Energy Management Interface, Every Mistake Imaginable2) Авиация: электромагнитные помехи3) Военный термин: exchange of military information, extra military instruction, ЭМИ (electromagnetic interference), ЭМП (electromagnetic interference), электромагнитное излучение4) Техника: electromagnetic interface, electronic maintenance inspector, engineering and manufacturing instruction5) Религия: Ecumenical Ministries Of Iowa6) Юридический термин: Elderly Mentally Ill7) Бухгалтерия: Equal Monthly Installment, Equated Monthly Instalment8) Ветеринария: Egg Marketing Inspectorate10) Телекоммуникации: требования по электромагнитным помехам, EMI specifications, electromagnetic interference specifications11) Сокращение: Electric and Musical Industries, Electro-Magnetic Interference, Electromagnetic Induction, Electron Magnetic Interference12) Физиология: Elderly Mentally Infirm13) Электроника: electromagnetic interference( электромагнитная помеха)14) Вычислительная техника: электромагнитные наводки, электромагнитные шумы, электронные шумы из-за работы электрических машин, External Machine Interface (protocol, SMS)15) Нефть: electromagnetic inspection16) Космонавтика: Ernst-Mach-Institute (Germany), electromagnetic irradiation17) Банковское дело: аннуитетный платёж (Equal Monthly Installment)18) Транспорт: Emergency Management Institute19) Воздухоплавание: Ernst-Mach Institut (FR Germ.)20) Фирменный знак: Electric Musical Industries, Electrical And Mechanical Industries, Electrical Music Industries, Elevator Moods International, Email Marketing Insights, English Musical Industries22) Деловая лексика: Electronic And Musical Industries23) Нефтегазовая техника электромагнитная инспекция труб24) Образование: Educably Mentally Impaired, Educate Motivate And Inspire25) Сахалин Р: Electro Magnetic Compatibility26) Макаров: electrical measuring instrument, electromagnetic influence27) Безопасность: electro magnetic interference28) SAP.тех. внешние инструменты управления29) Военно-политический термин: European Monetary Institute30) Общественная организация: Engineering Ministries International -
66 emi
1) Компьютерная техника: Energy Management Interface, Every Mistake Imaginable2) Авиация: электромагнитные помехи3) Военный термин: exchange of military information, extra military instruction, ЭМИ (electromagnetic interference), ЭМП (electromagnetic interference), электромагнитное излучение4) Техника: electromagnetic interface, electronic maintenance inspector, engineering and manufacturing instruction5) Религия: Ecumenical Ministries Of Iowa6) Юридический термин: Elderly Mentally Ill7) Бухгалтерия: Equal Monthly Installment, Equated Monthly Instalment8) Ветеринария: Egg Marketing Inspectorate10) Телекоммуникации: требования по электромагнитным помехам, EMI specifications, electromagnetic interference specifications11) Сокращение: Electric and Musical Industries, Electro-Magnetic Interference, Electromagnetic Induction, Electron Magnetic Interference12) Физиология: Elderly Mentally Infirm13) Электроника: electromagnetic interference( электромагнитная помеха)14) Вычислительная техника: электромагнитные наводки, электромагнитные шумы, электронные шумы из-за работы электрических машин, External Machine Interface (protocol, SMS)15) Нефть: electromagnetic inspection16) Космонавтика: Ernst-Mach-Institute (Germany), electromagnetic irradiation17) Банковское дело: аннуитетный платёж (Equal Monthly Installment)18) Транспорт: Emergency Management Institute19) Воздухоплавание: Ernst-Mach Institut (FR Germ.)20) Фирменный знак: Electric Musical Industries, Electrical And Mechanical Industries, Electrical Music Industries, Elevator Moods International, Email Marketing Insights, English Musical Industries22) Деловая лексика: Electronic And Musical Industries23) Нефтегазовая техника электромагнитная инспекция труб24) Образование: Educably Mentally Impaired, Educate Motivate And Inspire25) Сахалин Р: Electro Magnetic Compatibility26) Макаров: electrical measuring instrument, electromagnetic influence27) Безопасность: electro magnetic interference28) SAP.тех. внешние инструменты управления29) Военно-политический термин: European Monetary Institute30) Общественная организация: Engineering Ministries International -
67 Appleton, Sir Edward Victor
[br]b. 6 September 1892 Bradford, Englandd. 21 April 1965 Edinburgh, Scotland[br]English physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of the ionospheric layer, named after him, which is an efficient reflector of short radio waves, thereby making possible long-distance radio communication.[br]After early ambitions to become a professional cricketer, Appleton went to St John's College, Cambridge, where he studied under J.J.Thompson and Ernest Rutherford. His academic career interrupted by the First World War, he served as a captain in the Royal Engineers, carrying out investigations into the propagation and fading of radio signals. After the war he joined the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, as a demonstrator in 1920, and in 1924 he moved to King's College, London, as Wheatstone Professor of Physics.In the following decade he contributed to developments in valve oscillators (in particular, the "squegging" oscillator, which formed the basis of the first hard-valve time-base) and gained international recognition for research into electromagnetic-wave propagation. His most important contribution was to confirm the existence of a conducting ionospheric layer in the upper atmosphere capable of reflecting radio waves, which had been predicted almost simultaneously by Heaviside and Kennelly in 1902. This he did by persuading the BBC in 1924 to vary the frequency of their Bournemouth transmitter, and he then measured the signal received at Cambridge. By comparing the direct and reflected rays and the daily variation he was able to deduce that the Kennelly- Heaviside (the so-called E-layer) was at a height of about 60 miles (97 km) above the earth and that there was a further layer (the Appleton or F-layer) at about 150 miles (240 km), the latter being an efficient reflector of the shorter radio waves that penetrated the lower layers. During the period 1927–32 and aided by Hartree, he established a magneto-ionic theory to explain the existence of the ionosphere. He was instrumental in obtaining agreement for international co-operation for ionospheric and other measurements in the form of the Second Polar Year (1932–3) and, much later, the International Geophysical Year (1957–8). For all this work, which made it possible to forecast the optimum frequencies for long-distance short-wave communication as a function of the location of transmitter and receiver and of the time of day and year, in 1947 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.He returned to Cambridge as Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1939, and with M.F. Barnett he investigated the possible use of radio waves for radio-location of aircraft. In 1939 he became Secretary of the Government Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, a post he held for ten years. During the Second World War he contributed to the development of both radar and the atomic bomb, and subsequently served on government committees concerned with the use of atomic energy (which led to the establishment of Harwell) and with scientific staff.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted (KCB 1941, GBE 1946). Nobel Prize for Physics 1947. FRS 1927. Vice- President, American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1932. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1933. Institute of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1946. Vice-Chancellor, Edinburgh University 1947. Institution of Civil Engineers Ewing Medal 1949. Royal Medallist 1950. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1962. President, British Association 1953. President, Radio Industry Council 1955–7. Légion d'honneur. LLD University of St Andrews 1947.Bibliography1925, joint paper with Barnett, Nature 115:333 (reports Appleton's studies of the ionosphere).1928, "Some notes of wireless methods of investigating the electrical structure of the upper atmosphere", Proceedings of the Physical Society 41(Part III):43. 1932, Thermionic Vacuum Tubes and Their Applications (his work on valves).1947, "The investigation and forecasting of ionospheric conditions", Journal of theInstitution of Electrical Engineers 94, Part IIIA: 186 (a review of British work on the exploration of the ionosphere).with J.F.Herd \& R.A.Watson-Watt, British patent no. 235,254 (squegging oscillator).Further ReadingWho Was Who, 1961–70 1972, VI, London: A. \& C.Black (for fuller details of honours). R.Clark, 1971, Sir Edward Appleton, Pergamon (biography).J.Jewkes, D.Sawers \& R.Stillerman, 1958, The Sources of Invention.KFBiographical history of technology > Appleton, Sir Edward Victor
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68 Ferranti, Sebastian Ziani de
[br]b. 9 April 1864 Liverpool, Englandd. 13 January 1930 Zurich, Switzerland[br]English manufacturing engineer and inventor, a pioneer and early advocate of high-voltage alternating-current electric-power systems.[br]Ferranti, who had taken an interest in electrical and mechanical devices from an early age, was educated at St Augustine's College in Ramsgate and for a short time attended evening classes at University College, London. Rather than pursue an academic career, Ferranti, who had intense practical interests, found employment in 1881 with the Siemens Company (see Werner von Siemens) in their experimental department. There he had the opportunity to superintend the installation of electric-lighting plants in various parts of the country. Becoming acquainted with Alfred Thomson, an engineer, Ferranti entered into a short-lived partnership with him to manufacture the Ferranti alternator. This generator, with a unique zig-zag armature, had an efficiency exceeding that of all its rivals. Finding that Sir William Thomson had invented a similar machine, Ferranti formed a company with him to combine the inventions and produce the Ferranti- Thomson machine. For this the Hammond Electric Light and Power Company obtained the sole selling rights.In 1885 the Grosvenor Gallery Electricity Supply Corporation was having serious problems with its Gaulard and Gibbs series distribution system. Ferranti, when consulted, reviewed the design and recommended transformers connected across constant-potential mains. In the following year, at the age of 22, he was appointed Engineer to the company and introduced the pattern of electricity supply that was eventually adopted universally. Ambitious plans by Ferranti for London envisaged the location of a generating station of unprecedented size at Deptford, about eight miles (13 km) from the city, a departure from the previous practice of placing stations within the area to be supplied. For this venture the London Electricity Supply Corporation was formed. Ferranti's bold decision to bring the supply from Deptford at the hitherto unheard-of pressure of 10,000 volts required him to design suitable cables, transformers and generators. Ferranti planned generators with 10,000 hp (7,460 kW)engines, but these were abandoned at an advanced stage of construction. Financial difficulties were caused in part when a Board of Trade enquiry in 1889 reduced the area that the company was able to supply. In spite of this adverse situation the enterprise continued on a reduced scale. Leaving the London Electricity Supply Corporation in 1892, Ferranti again started his own business, manufacturing electrical plant. He conceived the use of wax-impregnated paper-insulated cables for high voltages, which formed a landmark in the history of cable development. This method of flexible-cable manufacture was used almost exclusively until synthetic materials became available. In 1892 Ferranti obtained a patent which set out the advantages to be gained by adopting sector-shaped conductors in multi-core cables. This was to be fundamental to the future design and development of such cables.A total of 176 patents were taken out by S.Z. de Ferranti. His varied and numerous inventions included a successful mercury-motor energy meter and improvements to textile-yarn produc-tion. A transmission-line phenomenon where the open-circuit voltage at the receiving end of a long line is greater than the sending voltage was named the Ferranti Effect after him.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1927. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1910 and 1911. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1924.Bibliography18 July 1882, British patent no. 3,419 (Ferranti's first alternator).13 December 1892, British patent no. 22,923 (shaped conductors of multi-core cables). 1929, "Electricity in the service of man", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 67: 125–30.Further ReadingG.Z.de Ferranti and R. Ince, 1934, The Life and Letters of Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti, London.A.Ridding, 1964, S.Z.de Ferranti. Pioneer of Electric Power, London: Science Museum and HMSO (a concise biography).R.H.Parsons, 1939, Early Days of the Power Station Industry, Cambridge, pp. 21–41.GWBiographical history of technology > Ferranti, Sebastian Ziani de
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69 Manufacturing
эк., стат., амер. производство (по NAICS 2002: сектор экономики, в который включены организации, занимающиеся механическим, физическим или химическим изменением свойств материалов и веществ, превращая их в другие материалы и вещества, а также сборкой новых товаров их частей, кроме строительства)See:North American Industry Classification System, Food Manufacturing, Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing, Textile Mills, Textile Product Mills, Apparel Manufacturing, Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing, Wood Product Manufacturing, Paper Manufacturing, Printing and Related Support Activities, Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing, Chemical Manufacturing, Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing, Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing, Primary Metal Manufacturing, Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing, Machinery Manufacturing, Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing, Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing, Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing, Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing, Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing -
70 PIEA
[Petroleum Industry Electrical Association] — Ассоциация по электрооборудованию для нефтяной промышленности
* * *
сокр.[Petroleum Industry Electrical Association] Ассоциация по электрооборудованию для нефтяной промышленности* * * -
71 PIEA
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72 Alexanderson, Ernst Frederik Werner
[br]b. 25 January 1878 Uppsala, Swedend. ? May 1975 Schenectady, New York, USA[br]Swedish-American electrical engineer and prolific radio and television inventor responsible for developing a high-frequency alternator for generating radio waves.[br]After education in Sweden at the High School and University of Lund and the Royal Institution of Technology in Stockholm, Alexanderson took a postgraduate course at the Berlin-Charlottenburg Engineering College. In 1901 he began work for the Swedish C \& C Electric Company, joining the General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York, the following year. There, in 1906, together with Fessenden, he developed a series of high-power, high-frequency alternators, which had a dramatic effect on radio communications and resulted in the first real radio broadcast. His early interest in television led to working demonstrations in his own home in 1925 and at the General Electric laboratories in 1927, and to the first public demonstration of large-screen (7 ft (2.13 m) diagonal) projection TV in 1930. Another invention of significance was the "amplidyne", a sensitive manufacturing-control system subsequently used during the Second World War for controlling anti-aircraft guns. He also contributed to developments in electric propulsion and radio aerials.He retired from General Electric in 1948, but continued television research as a consultant for the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), filing his 321st patent in 1955.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitution of Radio Engineers Medal of Honour 1919. President, IERE 1921. Edison Medal 1944.BibliographyPublications relating to his work in the early days of radio include: "Magnetic properties of iron at frequencies up to 200,000 cycles", Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (1911) 30: 2,443."Transatlantic radio communication", Transactions of the American Institute of ElectricalEngineers (1919) 38:1,269.The amplidyne is described in E.Alexanderson, M.Edwards and K.Boura, 1940, "Dynamo-electric amplifier for power control", Transactions of the AmericanInstitution of Electrical Engineers 59:937.Further ReadingE.Hawkes, 1927, Pioneers of Wireless, Methuen (provides an account of Alexanderson's work on radio).J.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: A History of the American Television Industry 1925–1941, University of Alabama Press (provides further details of his contribution to the development of television).KFBiographical history of technology > Alexanderson, Ernst Frederik Werner
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73 wire
- шина (в электротехнике)
- проволочное соединение
- провод
- отвод пьезоэлектрического резонатора
- кабель
- защита от доступа к опасным частям проволокой
- делать (электро)проводку
делать (электро)проводку
монтировать проводку
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
защита от доступа к опасным частям проволокой
Щуп доступности диаметром 1,0 мм не должен проникать внутрь оболочки
[ ГОСТ 14254-96( МЭК 529-89)]
защита от доступа к опасным частям проволокой
-
[Интент]Тематики
EN
электрический кабель
кабель
Кабельное изделие, содержащее одну или более изолированных жил (проводников), заключенных в металлическую или неметаллическую оболочку, поверх которой в зависимости от условий прокладки и эксплуатации может иметься соответствующий защитный покров, в который может входить броня, и пригодное, в частности, для прокладки в земле и под водой.
[ ГОСТ 15845-80]
кабель
1. Одна или несколько изолированных токопроводящих жил или проводников, заключённых в герметическую оболочку с верхним защитным покрытием
2. Гибкий несущий элемент висячих систем, кабель-кранов и канатных подвесных дорог
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
кабель электрический
Кабель 1. для передачи на расстояние электрической энергии либо сигналов высокого или низкого напряжений
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
кабель
Один или несколько скрученных изолированных гибких проводников, предназначенных для обматывания объектов контроля в целях их продольного или тороидного намагничивания.
кабель
Экранированный проводник, соединяющий электронный блок с преобразователем или электронные блоки между собой
кабель
-
[IEV number 151-12-38]EN
cable
assembly of one or more conductors and/or optical fibres, with a protective covering and possibly filling, insulating and protective material
[IEV number 151-12-38]FR
câble, m
assemblage d'un ou plusieurs conducteurs ou fibres optiques, muni d'une enveloppe protectrice et éventuellement de matériaux de remplissage, d'isolation et de protection
[IEV number 151-12-38]
Пример конструкции кабеля:
1 - Токопроводящие жилы;
2 - Бумага, пропитанная маслом;
3 - Джутовый заполнитель;
4 - Свинцовая оболочка;
5 - Бумажная лента;
6 - Прослойка из джута;
7 - Стальная ленточная броня;
8 - Джутовый покров.
Кабели на напряжение до 1 кВ и выше...
[ГОСТ 12.2.007.14-75]
... силовые кабели с медными или алюминиевыми жилами с резиновой изоляцией, в свинцовой, поливинилхлоридной или резиновой оболочке, с защитными покровами или без них, предназначенные для неподвижной прокладки в электрических сетях напряжением 660 В переменного тока частотой 50 Гц или 1000 В постоянного тока и на напряжение 3000, 6000 и 10000 В постоянного тока.
Кабели предназначены для прокладки:
- на трассах с неограниченной разностью уровней.
- внутри помещений, в каналах, туннелях, в местах, не подверженных вибрации, в условиях отсутствия механических воздействий на кабель..
- в земле (траншеях), если кабель не подвергается значительным растягивающим усилиям
Строительная длина кабелей должна быть не менее 125 м. Допускаются маломерные отрезки длиной не менее 20 м в количестве не более 10 % от общей длины сдаваемой партии кабелей.
[ ГОСТ 433-73]
... монтажные многожильные кабели с поливинилхлоридной изоляцией и оболочкой, предназначенные для фиксированного межприборного монтажа электрических устройств, работающих при номинальном переменном напряжении до 500 В частоты до 400 Гц или постоянном напряжении до 750 В.
Требования к стойкости при механических воздействиях
- Кабели должны быть механически прочными при воздействии вибрационных нагрузок в диапазоне частот 1-5000 Гц с ускорением до 392 м/с2 (40 g).
- Кабели должны быть механически прочными при воздействии многократных ударов с ускорением 1471 м/с2 (150 g) при длительности удара 1-3 мс.
- Кабели должны быть механически прочными при воздействии одиночных ударов с ускорением 9810 м/с2(1000 g) и линейных нагрузок с ускорением до 4905 м/с2 (500 g).
Требования к стойкости при климатических воздействиях
-Кабели должны быть стойкими к воздействию повышенной температуры 343 К (70°С), при этом за повышенную температуру принимают температуру наиболее нагреваемого элемента конструкции кабеля.
- Кабели должны быть стойкими к воздействию пониженной температуры - 223 К (минус 50°С).
- Кабели должны быть стойкими к воздействию относительной влажности воздуха до 98 % при температуре 308 К (35°С).
- Кабели климатического исполнения Т должны быть стойкими к воздействию плесневых грибов.
[ ГОСТ 10348-80]
Тематики
- кабели, провода...
Классификация
>>>Обобщающие термины
Действия
- вводить кабель в отверстие
- вводить кабель в эксплуатацию
- наматывать кабель на барабан
- подключать кабель
- присоединять кабель
- прокладывать кабель
Синонимы
Сопутствующие термины
- неподвижная прокладка
- прокладка кабеля
- прокладка кабеля в земляной траншее
- прокладка кабеля непосредственно в грунте
- фиксированный межприборный монтаж электрических устройств
EN
DE
FR
отвод пьезоэлектрического резонатора
отвод
Токопроводящая деталь, соединяющая электроды с выводами пьезоэлектрического резонатора.
[ ГОСТ 18669-73]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
DE
FR
провод
-
[IEV number 151-12-28]EN
wire
flexible cylindrical conductor, with or without an insulating covering, the length of which is large with respect to its cross-sectional dimensions
NOTE – The cross-section of a wire may have any shape, but the term "wire" is not generally used for ribbons or tapes.
[IEV number 151-12-28]FR
fil, m
conducteur cylindrique flexible, avec ou sans revêtement isolant, dont la longueur est grande par rapport aux dimensions de la section droite
NOTE – La section droite d'un fil peut avoir une forme quelconque, mais le terme "fil" n'est généralement pas employé pour une bande ou un ruban.
[IEV number 151-12-28]Тематики
- кабели, провода...
Действия
EN
DE
FR
проволочное соединение
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
шина
Проводник с низким сопротивлением, к которому можно подсоединить несколько отдельных электрических цепей.
Примечание — Термин «шина» не включает в себя геометрическую форму, габариты или размеры проводника.
[ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61439.1-2013]
шина
Конструктивный элемент низковольтного комплектного устройства (НКУ).
Такой конструктивный элемент предназначен для того, чтобы к нему можно было легко присоединить отдельные электрические цепи (другие шины, отдельные проводники). Такие шины могут иметь различную конструкцию, геометрическую форму и размеры.
[Интент]
шинопроводшина
Медная, алюминиевая, реже стальная полоса, служащая для присоединения кабелей электрогенераторов, трансформаторов и т.д. к проводам питающей сети
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
общаяшина
-
[IEV number 151-12-30]
шина
-
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва]EN
busbar
low-impedance conductor to which several electric circuits can be connected at separate points
NOTE – In many cases, the busbar consists of a bar.
[IEV number 151-12-30]
busbar
An electrical conductor that makes a common connection between several circuits. Sometimes, electrical wire cannot accommodate high-current applications, and electricity must be conducted using a more substantial busbar — a thick bar of solid metal (usually copper or aluminum). Busbars are uninsulated, but are physically supported by insulators. They are used in electrical substations to connect incoming and outgoing transmission lines and transformers; in a power plant to connect the generator and the main transformers; in industry, to feed large amounts of electricity to equipment used in the aluminum smelting process, for example, or to distribute electricity in large buildings
[ABB. Glossary of technical terms. 2010]FR
barre omnibus, f
2. Проводник прямоугольного сечения из меди, предназначенный для электротехнических целей
conducteur de faible impédance auquel peuvent être reliés plusieurs circuits électriques en des points séparés
NOTE – Dans de nombreux cas, une barre omnibus est constituée d’une barre.
[IEV number 151-12-30]
(см. ГОСТ 434-78).
Поставляется в бухтах, а также в полосах длиной не менее 2,5 м; По существу, это просто проволока прямоугольного сечения. В указанном ГОСТе и в технической документации, в которой она применяется, обязательно указываются размеры этой проволоки. Например, "Шина ШММ 8,00х40,00 ГОСТ 434-78"
шина
Пруток прямоугольного сечения, применяемый в электротехнике в качестве проводника тока, изготовляемый прессованием или волочением.
[ ГОСТ 25501-82]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
- заготовки и полуфабрикаты в металлургии
- кабели, провода...
Действия
- расположение шин «на ребро» [ПУЭ]
- расположение шин «плашмя» [ПУЭ]
Сопутствующие термины
- гибкая шина
- жесткая шина [ПУЭ]
- изолированные шины [ПУЭ]
- круглые шины [ПУЭ]
- неизолированные шины [ПУЭ]
- обходные шины [ПУЭ]
- профильные шины [ПУЭ]
- секционные шины [ПУЭ]
- фазная шина [ ГОСТ Р 51321.1-2000]
- четырехполосные шины с расположением полос по сторонам квадрата ("полый пакет") [ПУЭ]
- шина PEN-проводника
- шина для присоединения защитных проводников
- шина нулевого защитного проводника
- шина фазы А (B, C) [ПУЭ]
- шины однофазного тока [ПУЭ]
- шины прямоугольного (круглого, трубчатого, коробчатого) сечения [ПУЭ]
- шины трехфазного тока [ПУЭ]
EN
DE
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > wire
-
74 Association
- Association for Information Systems Professionals
- Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics
- Association for Systems Management - American Software Association
- American Standards Association - Data Processing Management Association - National Association of Broadcast Engineers and Technicians
- National Association of Communication System Engineers
- National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters
- National Association of Securities Dealers - Radio Manufactures Association
- Recording Industry Association of America - Systems and Procedures Association
- Telecommunication Industry Association -
75 Association
в соч.- American Communication Association
- American Radio Association
- American Radio-Telegraphists Association
- American Software Association
- American Standards Association
- Association for Computing Machinery
- Association for Information Systems Professionals
- Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics
- Association for Systems Management
- Association for Women in Computing
- Association of Cinematograph and Television Technicians
- Association of Computer Users
- Association of Data Processing Service Organizations
- Association of Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics
- Association of Microelectronic Professionals
- British Engineering Standards Association
- British Robot Association
- British Videogram Association
- Canadian Standards Association
- Cellular Telecommunication Industry Association
- Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association
- Data Interchange Standards Association
- Data Processing Management Association
- Electronic Engineering Association
- Electronic Industries Association of Japan
- Electronic Industries Association
- Electronic Messaging Association
- European Computer Manufactures Association
- Exchange Carriers Standards Association
- Fiber Channel Association
- Independent Computer Consultants Association
- Information Systems Security Association
- Infrared Data Association
- Interactive Multimedia Association
- International Communication Association
- International Computer Facsimile Association
- International Computer Security Association
- International Standards Association
- International Trademark Association
- Japan Electronic Industry Development Association
- Japanese Industrial Robot Association
- Message-Oriented Middleware Association
- MIDI Manufacturer's Association
- Multimedia Telecommunications Association
- National Association of Broadcast Engineers and Technicians
- National Association of Broadcasters
- National Association of Communication System Engineers
- National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters
- National Association of Securities Dealers
- National Cable Television Association
- National Computer Graphics Association
- National Computer Security Association
- National Electrical Manufacturers Association
- National Electronics Distributors Association
- Optical Storage Technology Association
- Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
- Radio and Electronics Engineering Association
- Radio Manufactures Association
- Radio-Electronics-Television Manufacturers Association
- Recording Industry Association of America
- Scientific Apparatus Manufacturers Association
- SCSI Trade Association
- Semiconductor Industry Association
- Special Libraries Association
- Surface Mount Equipment Manufactures Association
- Systems and Procedures Association
- Telecommunication Industry Association
- Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association
- Video Electronic Standard AssociationThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > Association
-
76 MEP
1) Американизм: Major Emphasis Program, Migrant Employment Program2) Военный термин: Management Engineering Plan, Master Evaluation Plan, Minuteman education program, Mission Essential Power, Multiple Entry Points, major electronics procurement, management engineering program, management evaluation program, medical education program, mission equipment package, mobile electric power, Mission Enhancement Program (AWACS), Ministry of Electronics Industry (FSU)3) Техника: Member of European Parliament4) Химия: Methanol Equivalent Productivity5) Строительство: (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) инженерные сети6) Математика: принцип максимальной энтропии (maximum entropy principle)7) Сокращение: Mail Exit Point, Management Engineering Programme, Master of Engineering Physics, Medium External Pintle (Belgium), Member of the European Paliament, Member of the European Parliament, Microelectronics Package, Middle East Perspective, Multiple Equipment Package, mean probable error, men employed, moon-earth-plane, смежные (инженерные) разделы (mechanical, electrical, plumbing), Члены Европарламента (Members of the European Parliament)8) Физиология: Maximum Expiratory Pressure, Motor Evoked Potentials9) Фирменный знак: Mechanical Electrical Plumbing10) Деловая лексика: Manufacturing Extension Partnership11) Сетевые технологии: Message Exchange Pattern, Most Effective Profile12) Полимеры: methylethylpyridine13) Макаров: молекулярный электростатический потенциал14) Должность: Multi Engine Pilot -
77 mep
1) Американизм: Major Emphasis Program, Migrant Employment Program2) Военный термин: Management Engineering Plan, Master Evaluation Plan, Minuteman education program, Mission Essential Power, Multiple Entry Points, major electronics procurement, management engineering program, management evaluation program, medical education program, mission equipment package, mobile electric power, Mission Enhancement Program (AWACS), Ministry of Electronics Industry (FSU)3) Техника: Member of European Parliament4) Химия: Methanol Equivalent Productivity5) Строительство: (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) инженерные сети6) Математика: принцип максимальной энтропии (maximum entropy principle)7) Сокращение: Mail Exit Point, Management Engineering Programme, Master of Engineering Physics, Medium External Pintle (Belgium), Member of the European Paliament, Member of the European Parliament, Microelectronics Package, Middle East Perspective, Multiple Equipment Package, mean probable error, men employed, moon-earth-plane, смежные (инженерные) разделы (mechanical, electrical, plumbing), Члены Европарламента (Members of the European Parliament)8) Физиология: Maximum Expiratory Pressure, Motor Evoked Potentials9) Фирменный знак: Mechanical Electrical Plumbing10) Деловая лексика: Manufacturing Extension Partnership11) Сетевые технологии: Message Exchange Pattern, Most Effective Profile12) Полимеры: methylethylpyridine13) Макаров: молекулярный электростатический потенциал14) Должность: Multi Engine Pilot -
78 Ilgner, Karl
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 27 July 1862 Neisse, Upper Silesia (now Nysa, Poland)d. 18 January 1921 Berthelsdorf, Silesia[br]German electrical engineer, inventor of a transformer for electromotors.[br]Ilgner graduated from the Gewerbeakademie (the forerunner of the Technical University) in Berlin. As the representative of an electric manufacturing company in Breslau (now Wroclaw, Poland) from 1897, he was confronted with the fact that there were no appropriate drives for hoisting-engines or rolling-plants in steelworks. Two problems prevented the use of high-capacity electric motors in the mining as well as in the iron and steel industry: the reactions of the motors on the circuit at the peak point of stress concentration; and the complicated handling of the control system which raised the risks regarding safety. Having previously been head of the department of electrical power transmission in Hannover, he was concerned with the development of low-speed direct-current motors powered by gas engines.It was Harry Ward Leonard's switchgear for direct-current motors (USA, 1891) that permitted sudden and exact changes in the speed and direction of rotation without causing power loss, as demonstrated in the driving of a rolling sidewalk at the Paris World Fair of 1900. Ilgner connected this switchgear to a large and heavy flywheel which accumulated the kinetic energy from the circuit in order to compensate shock loads. With this combination, electric motors did not need special circuits, which were still weak, because they were working continuously and were regulated individually, so that they could be used for driving hoisting-engines in mines, rolling-plants in steelworks or machinery for producing tools and paper. Ilgner thus made a notable advance in the general progress of electrification.His transformer for hoisting-engines was patented in 1901 and was commercially used inter alia by Siemens \& Halske of Berlin. Their first electrical hoisting-engine for the Zollern II/IV mine in Dortmund gained international reputation at the Düsseldorf exhibition of 1902, and is still preserved in situ in the original machine hall of the mine, which is now a national monument in Germany. Ilgner thereafter worked with several companies to pursue his conception, became a consulting engineer in Vienna and Breslau and had a government post after the First World War in Brussels and Berlin until he retired for health reasons in 1919.[br]Bibliography1901, DRP no. 138, 387 1903, "Der elektrische Antrieb von Reversier-Walzenstraßen", Stahl und Eisen 23:769– 71.Further ReadingW.Kroker, "Karl Ilgner", Neue Deutsche Biographie, Vol. X, pp. 134–5. W.Philippi, 1924, Elektrizität im Bergbau, Leipzig (a general account).K.Warmbold, 1925, "Der Ilgner-Umformer in Förderanlagen", Kohle und Erz 22:1031–36 (a detailed description).WK -
79 line
- электрическая линия
- шина (в электротехнике)
- силовая магнитная линия
- проводить линию
- провод
- облицовывать
- обивать (чем-либо) изнутри
- линия транспорта
- линия спуска
- линия коммуникаций
- линия вектора
- линия (связи)
- линия (передачи данных)
- линия (в фигурном катании)
- линия
- кривая на графике
- кривая (на диаграмме)
- канал (аппаратуры)
- агрегат (металлургия)
агрегат
1. Сборочная ед., обладающая полной взаимозаменяемостью, возможностью сборки отдельно от других составных частей или изделия в целом и способностью выполнять определенные функции в изделии или самостоятельно.
2. Механическое соединение неск. машин, станов или устройств, работающих в комплексе (напр., многоклетевой прокатный стан).
3. См. Металлургический агрегат.
[ http://metaltrade.ru/abc/a.htm]Тематики
EN
канал (аппаратуры)
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
кривая (на диаграмме)
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
кривая на графике
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
- line
- L
линия
-
[IEV number 151-12-27]EN
line
device connecting two points for the purpose of conveying electromagnetic energy between them
NOTE 1 – Electromagnetic energy may be extracted from or supplied to a line at an intermediate point.
NOTE 2 – Examples of lines are two-wire line, polyphase line, coaxial line, waveguide.
Source: 466-01-01 MOD, 601-03-03 MOD
[IEV number 151-12-27]FR
ligne, f
dispositif reliant deux points et destiné à transmettre de l'énergie électromagnétique entre eux
NOTE 1 – De l'énergie électromagnétique peut être extraite d'une ligne ou lui être fournie en un point intermédiaire.
NOTE 2 – Des exemples de lignes sont une ligne bifilaire, une ligne polyphasée, une ligne coaxiale, un guide d'ondes.
Source: 466-01-01 MOD, 601-03-03 MOD
[IEV number 151-12-27]EN
DE
FR
линия
Позиция фигуриста относительно поверхности льда.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
line
Skater's position relative to the ice surface.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
линия (передачи данных)
—
[Е.С.Алексеев, А.А.Мячев. Англо-русский толковый словарь по системотехнике ЭВМ. Москва 1993]Тематики
EN
линия вектора
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
line
Term used in GIS technologies in the vector type of internal data organization: spatial data are divided into point, line and polygon types. In most cases, point entities (nodes) are specified directly as coordinate pairs, with lines (arcs or edges) represented as chains of points. Regions are similarly defined in terms of the lines which form their boundaries. Some vector GIS store information in the form of points, line segments and point pairs; others maintain closed lists of points defining polygon regions. Vector structures are especially suited to storing definitions of spatial objects for which sharp boundaries exist or can be imposed. (Source: YOUNG)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
линия спуска
Точный путь или оптимальная траектория спуска саней по желобу.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
line
Precise path or the optimum trajectory of the sled.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
- санный спорт, бобслей, скелетон
EN
линия транспорта
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
обивать (чем-либо) изнутри
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
облицовывать
футеровать (топку)
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
провод
-
[IEV number 151-12-28]EN
wire
flexible cylindrical conductor, with or without an insulating covering, the length of which is large with respect to its cross-sectional dimensions
NOTE – The cross-section of a wire may have any shape, but the term "wire" is not generally used for ribbons or tapes.
[IEV number 151-12-28]FR
fil, m
conducteur cylindrique flexible, avec ou sans revêtement isolant, dont la longueur est grande par rapport aux dimensions de la section droite
NOTE – La section droite d'un fil peut avoir une forme quelconque, mais le terme "fil" n'est généralement pas employé pour une bande ou un ruban.
[IEV number 151-12-28]Тематики
- кабели, провода...
Действия
EN
DE
FR
силовая магнитная линия
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
шина
Проводник с низким сопротивлением, к которому можно подсоединить несколько отдельных электрических цепей.
Примечание — Термин «шина» не включает в себя геометрическую форму, габариты или размеры проводника.
[ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61439.1-2013]
шина
Конструктивный элемент низковольтного комплектного устройства (НКУ).
Такой конструктивный элемент предназначен для того, чтобы к нему можно было легко присоединить отдельные электрические цепи (другие шины, отдельные проводники). Такие шины могут иметь различную конструкцию, геометрическую форму и размеры.
[Интент]
шинопроводшина
Медная, алюминиевая, реже стальная полоса, служащая для присоединения кабелей электрогенераторов, трансформаторов и т.д. к проводам питающей сети
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
общаяшина
-
[IEV number 151-12-30]
шина
-
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва]EN
busbar
low-impedance conductor to which several electric circuits can be connected at separate points
NOTE – In many cases, the busbar consists of a bar.
[IEV number 151-12-30]
busbar
An electrical conductor that makes a common connection between several circuits. Sometimes, electrical wire cannot accommodate high-current applications, and electricity must be conducted using a more substantial busbar — a thick bar of solid metal (usually copper or aluminum). Busbars are uninsulated, but are physically supported by insulators. They are used in electrical substations to connect incoming and outgoing transmission lines and transformers; in a power plant to connect the generator and the main transformers; in industry, to feed large amounts of electricity to equipment used in the aluminum smelting process, for example, or to distribute electricity in large buildings
[ABB. Glossary of technical terms. 2010]FR
barre omnibus, f
2. Проводник прямоугольного сечения из меди, предназначенный для электротехнических целей
conducteur de faible impédance auquel peuvent être reliés plusieurs circuits électriques en des points séparés
NOTE – Dans de nombreux cas, une barre omnibus est constituée d’une barre.
[IEV number 151-12-30]
(см. ГОСТ 434-78).
Поставляется в бухтах, а также в полосах длиной не менее 2,5 м; По существу, это просто проволока прямоугольного сечения. В указанном ГОСТе и в технической документации, в которой она применяется, обязательно указываются размеры этой проволоки. Например, "Шина ШММ 8,00х40,00 ГОСТ 434-78"
шина
Пруток прямоугольного сечения, применяемый в электротехнике в качестве проводника тока, изготовляемый прессованием или волочением.
[ ГОСТ 25501-82]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
- заготовки и полуфабрикаты в металлургии
- кабели, провода...
Действия
- расположение шин «на ребро» [ПУЭ]
- расположение шин «плашмя» [ПУЭ]
Сопутствующие термины
- гибкая шина
- жесткая шина [ПУЭ]
- изолированные шины [ПУЭ]
- круглые шины [ПУЭ]
- неизолированные шины [ПУЭ]
- обходные шины [ПУЭ]
- профильные шины [ПУЭ]
- секционные шины [ПУЭ]
- фазная шина [ ГОСТ Р 51321.1-2000]
- четырехполосные шины с расположением полос по сторонам квадрата ("полый пакет") [ПУЭ]
- шина PEN-проводника
- шина для присоединения защитных проводников
- шина нулевого защитного проводника
- шина фазы А (B, C) [ПУЭ]
- шины однофазного тока [ПУЭ]
- шины прямоугольного (круглого, трубчатого, коробчатого) сечения [ПУЭ]
- шины трехфазного тока [ПУЭ]
EN
DE
FR
электрическая линия
Совокупность проводов, изоляторов и несущих конструкций для передачи электрической энергии между двумя пунктами электрической сети
[ОСТ 45.55-99]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
3.1.11 линия коммуникаций (line): Линия электропередачи или телекоммуникационная линия, подведенные к защищаемому зданию (сооружению).
Источник: ГОСТ Р МЭК 62305-2-2010: Менеджмент риска. Защита от молнии. Часть 2. Оценка риска оригинал документа
3.23 линия коммуникаций (line): Линия электропередачи или телекоммуникационная линия, подведенные к защищаемому зданию (сооружению).
Источник: ГОСТ Р МЭК 62305-1-2010: Менеджмент риска. Защита от молнии. Часть 1. Общие принципы оригинал документа
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > line
-
80 strip
- шина (в электротехнике)
- снимать изоляцию (с провода, жилы кабеля)
- сдирать (оболочку)
- рейка
- протаскивать
- прокладка (подкладка)
- программа пересмотра и совершенствования технических требований
- поднимать (бурильную колонну из скважины)
- очищать (от изоляции)
- отделять
- геологический разрез скважины
геологический разрез скважины
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
отделять
снимать перешифровку
—
[ http://www.rfcmd.ru/glossword/1.8/index.php?a=index&d=4582]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
очищать (от изоляции)
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
поднимать (бурильную колонну из скважины)
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
программа пересмотра и совершенствования технических требований
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
протаскивать
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
рейка
планка
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
сдирать (оболочку)
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
снимать изоляцию (с провода, жилы кабеля)
-
[Интент]
зачищать (напр. провод)
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]С конца гибкого проводника сечением 0,75 мм2 снимают изоляцию по длине 6 мм.
[ ГОСТ Р 51325. 1-99 ( МЭК 60320-1-94)]
На одном из концов с токопроводящих жил снимают изоляцию.
[НПБ 242-97]
Тематики
- электропроводка, электромонтаж
EN
шина
Проводник с низким сопротивлением, к которому можно подсоединить несколько отдельных электрических цепей.
Примечание — Термин «шина» не включает в себя геометрическую форму, габариты или размеры проводника.
[ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61439.1-2013]
шина
Конструктивный элемент низковольтного комплектного устройства (НКУ).
Такой конструктивный элемент предназначен для того, чтобы к нему можно было легко присоединить отдельные электрические цепи (другие шины, отдельные проводники). Такие шины могут иметь различную конструкцию, геометрическую форму и размеры.
[Интент]
шинопроводшина
Медная, алюминиевая, реже стальная полоса, служащая для присоединения кабелей электрогенераторов, трансформаторов и т.д. к проводам питающей сети
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
общаяшина
-
[IEV number 151-12-30]
шина
-
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва]EN
busbar
low-impedance conductor to which several electric circuits can be connected at separate points
NOTE – In many cases, the busbar consists of a bar.
[IEV number 151-12-30]
busbar
An electrical conductor that makes a common connection between several circuits. Sometimes, electrical wire cannot accommodate high-current applications, and electricity must be conducted using a more substantial busbar — a thick bar of solid metal (usually copper or aluminum). Busbars are uninsulated, but are physically supported by insulators. They are used in electrical substations to connect incoming and outgoing transmission lines and transformers; in a power plant to connect the generator and the main transformers; in industry, to feed large amounts of electricity to equipment used in the aluminum smelting process, for example, or to distribute electricity in large buildings
[ABB. Glossary of technical terms. 2010]FR
barre omnibus, f
2. Проводник прямоугольного сечения из меди, предназначенный для электротехнических целей
conducteur de faible impédance auquel peuvent être reliés plusieurs circuits électriques en des points séparés
NOTE – Dans de nombreux cas, une barre omnibus est constituée d’une barre.
[IEV number 151-12-30]
(см. ГОСТ 434-78).
Поставляется в бухтах, а также в полосах длиной не менее 2,5 м; По существу, это просто проволока прямоугольного сечения. В указанном ГОСТе и в технической документации, в которой она применяется, обязательно указываются размеры этой проволоки. Например, "Шина ШММ 8,00х40,00 ГОСТ 434-78"
шина
Пруток прямоугольного сечения, применяемый в электротехнике в качестве проводника тока, изготовляемый прессованием или волочением.
[ ГОСТ 25501-82]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
- заготовки и полуфабрикаты в металлургии
- кабели, провода...
Действия
- расположение шин «на ребро» [ПУЭ]
- расположение шин «плашмя» [ПУЭ]
Сопутствующие термины
- гибкая шина
- жесткая шина [ПУЭ]
- изолированные шины [ПУЭ]
- круглые шины [ПУЭ]
- неизолированные шины [ПУЭ]
- обходные шины [ПУЭ]
- профильные шины [ПУЭ]
- секционные шины [ПУЭ]
- фазная шина [ ГОСТ Р 51321.1-2000]
- четырехполосные шины с расположением полос по сторонам квадрата ("полый пакет") [ПУЭ]
- шина PEN-проводника
- шина для присоединения защитных проводников
- шина нулевого защитного проводника
- шина фазы А (B, C) [ПУЭ]
- шины однофазного тока [ПУЭ]
- шины прямоугольного (круглого, трубчатого, коробчатого) сечения [ПУЭ]
- шины трехфазного тока [ПУЭ]
EN
DE
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > strip
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