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1 Ehrlich, Paul
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 14 March 1854 Strehlen, Silesia, Germanyd. 20 August 1915 Homburg, Saarland, Germany[br]German medical scientist who laid the foundations of intra-vital staining in histology, and of chemotherapy.[br]After studying medicine at a number of schools in Germany, Ehrlich graduated from Leipzig in 1878. After some years at the Charite in Berlin, an attack of tuberculosis compelled a three-year sojourn in Egypt for treatment. Upon his return in 1890, he was invited by Koch to work at the new Institute for Infectious Diseases. There he commenced his work on immunity, having already, while a student, discovered the mast cells in the blood (1877) and then developed the techniques of differential staining which identified the other white cells of the blood. In 1882 he established the diazo reaction in the urine of typhoid patients, and in the same year he identified the acid-fast staining reactions of the tubercle bacillus. He then moved to the study of immunity in infectious disease, which led him to the search for synthetic chemical substances which would act on the causative organism without harming the patient's tissue. The outcome of his specific investigation of syphilis was the discovery of the first two specific chemotherapeutic agents: salvarsan (being the 606th compound to be tested); and the later, but less toxic, neosalvarsan (the 909th). In 1896 he became Director of the State Institute for Serum Research, and in 1906 Director of the new Royal Institute for Experimental Therapy at Frankfurt-am-Main. He received numerous awards and honours from governments and learned societies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology (jointly with E.Metchnikov) 1908.Bibliography1879, "Beiträge für Kentnis der granulierten Bindegewabszellen und der Eosinophilen Leucocythen" Arch. Anat. Physiol. Abt.1914, Paul Ehrlich: eine Darstellung seines wissenschaftlichen Wirkens, Festschrift zum60. Geburtstage des Forschers.Further ReadingM.Marquardt, 1924, Paul Ehrlich als Mensch und Arbeiter.MG -
2 Ehrlich
m.Ehrlich, Paul Ehrlich. -
3 Paul-Ehrlich-Institute Unit, PEI Unit/ml
Chemistry: PEI Unit/ml (Единица Института Пауля-Эрлиха, ФРГ, соответствует концентрации 900 Международных единиц (МЕ)/мл в нативной сыворотке)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Paul-Ehrlich-Institute Unit, PEI Unit/ml
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4 Pablo Ehrlich
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5 Domagk, Gerhard Johannes Paul
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 30 October 1895 Lagow, Brandenburg, Germanyd. 24 April 1964 Burgberg, Germany[br]German physician, biochemist and pharmacologist, pioneer of antibacterial chemotherapy.[br]Domagk's studies in medicine were interrupted by the outbreak of the First World War and his service in the Army, delaying his qualification at Kiel until 1921. For a short while he worked at the University of Greifswald, but in 1925 he was appointed Reader in Pathology at the University of Munster, where he remained as Extraordinary Professor of General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy (1928) and Professor (1958).In 1924 he published a paper on the role of the reticulo-endothelial system against infection. This led to his appointment as Director of Research by IG Farbenindustrie in their laboratory for experimental pathology and bacteriology. The planned programme of research into potential antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs led, via the discovery of the dye Prontosil rubrum by his colleagues, to his reporting in 1936 the clinical antistreptococcal effects of the sulphonamide drugs. These results were confirmed in other countries, but owing to problems with the Nazi authorities he was unable to receive until 1947 the Nobel Prize that he was awarded in 1939.Domagk turned his interest to the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, and in 1946 he was able to report the therapeutic activity of the thiosemicarbazones, which, although too toxic for general use, in their turn led to the discovery of the potent and effective isoniazid. In his later years he moved into the field of cancer chemotherapy, but interestingly he wrote, "One should not have too great expectations of the future of cytostatic agents." His only daughter was one of the first patients to have a severe streptococcal infection successfully treated with Prontosil rubrum.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Medicine 1939. Foreign Member of the Royal Society. Paul Ehrlich Gold Medal.Bibliography1935, "Ein Beitrag zur Chemotherapie der bakteriellen Infektionen", Deutsche med. Woch.1924, Virchows Archiv für Path. Anat. und Physiol. u.f. klin. Med. 253:294–638.Further Reading1964, Biographical Memoirs of the Royal Society: Gerhard Domagk, London.MGBiographical history of technology > Domagk, Gerhard Johannes Paul
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6 Medical technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Chamberlen, Peter (the elder)Fabricius, HieronymusLister, JosephMarton, Ladislaus
См. также в других словарях:
EHRLICH, PAUL — (1854–1915), German chemist, pioneer of modern histology, immunology, and chemotherapy; Nobel Prize winner. Ehrlich was born in Strehlen near Breslau. He studied at German universities and began his scientific work in 1878 in Berlin University as … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Ehrlich, Paul — Médico alemán nacido en 1854. Fue alumno de R. Koch y se le considera el fundador de la quimioterapia; además hizo profundos estudios sobre los anticuerpos. Su obra más destacada es Über Toxine und Antitoxine. En 1908 recibió el premio Nobel de… … Diccionario médico
Ehrlich, Paul — born March 14, 1854, Strehlen, Silesia, Prussia died Aug. 20, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Ger. German medical scientist. After early work on distribution of foreign substances in the body and on cell nutrition, he found uses for staining… … Universalium
Ehrlich , Paul — (1854–1915) German physician, bacteriologist, and chemist Born in Strehlen (now Strzelin in Poland), Ehrlich studied medicine at the universities of Breslau, Strasbourg, and Freiburg, gaining a physician s degree at Breslau in 1878. For the next… … Scientists
Ehrlich, Paul R — ▪ American biologist and educator born May 29, 1932, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. American biologist and educator who in 1990 shared Sweden s Crafoord Prize (established in 1980 and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, to support… … Universalium
Ehrlich, Paul — (1854–1915) German bacteriologist and Nobel laureate, 1908. As a research student, Silesian born Ehrlich discovered several bacterial stains, and also a new variety of white blood corpuscles. Working with Koch on staining tubercle bacillus, he … Who’s Who in Jewish History after the period of the Old Testament
Ehrlich, Paul — ► (1854 1915) Médico alemán. Fue premio Nobel de Medicina y Fisiología en 1908 por sus estudios en microbiología. * * * (14 mar. 1854, Strehlen, Silesia, Prusia–20 ago. 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Alemania). Científico médico alemán. Después… … Enciclopedia Universal
Ehrlich,Paul — Ehr·lich (ârʹlĭKH), Paul. 1854 1915. German bacteriologist. He shared a 1908 Nobel Prize for discoveries and advances in immunology. * * * … Universalium
Ehrlich, Paul — (1854 1915) German scientist. Born in Silesia, he discovered bacterial strains and also a new variety of white blood corpuscles as a research student. Later he became a professor at the University of Berlin. In 1908 he shared the Nobel Prize… … Dictionary of Jewish Biography
Ehrlich, Paul R(alph) — born May 29, 1932, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. U.S. biologist. He studied at the University of Kansas and taught at Stanford University from 1959. Though much of his research was done in entomology, his overriding concern became unchecked population… … Universalium
Ehrlich, Paul R(alph) — (n. 29 may. 1932, Filadelfia, Pa., EE.UU.). Biólogo estadounidense. Estudió en la Universidad de Kansas y fue docente en la Universidad de Stanford desde 1959. Aunque gran parte de su investigación la hizo en entomología, se interesó sobre todo… … Enciclopedia Universal