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1 KNÁ
(pl. knegum; knátta), a defective verb, I can (could); knákat ek segja, I cannot say (poet.).* * *a defect. verb, for the conjugation of which see Gramm. p. xxxiii; the pres. infin. knegu nowhere occurs, whereas a pret. infin. knáttu occurs in Sighvat (Fms. vi. 40); a subj. pres. knega, knegi, knegim, Hkv. 2. 34, Fsm. 22, 25, 41, Stor. 15, N. G. L. i. 89; pret. knáði for knátti, Fms. xi. 296 (in a verse), Rekst.; with a suff. neg. kná-at, non potest, Gm. 25; knák-a, non possum, Hým. 32, Am. 52; knegu-t, plur. non possunt, Hkv. Hjörv. 13: [A. S. cnáwan; Engl. know]:—I know how to do a thing, I can, or quite paraphrastically like Engl. do; ek kná sja, I can see, i. e. I do see, freq. in poetry, always followed by an infinitive, but very rare in prose:I. in poetry; öllu gulli kná hann einn ráða, Fm. 34; hver er þær kná hafa óviltar, Sdm. 19; knáttu sjá mey und hjálmi, Fm. 44; melta knáttu, Akv. 36; er vörðr né verr vinna knátti, Gkv. 33; ef ek sjá knætti, 22; ef hann eiga knætti, Skv. 3. 3; ok knætta ek þér í faðmi felask, Hkv. 2. 27; knættim hefna, Gh. 5; kneguð oss fara, ye cannot confound us, Hkv. Hjörv. 13; knega ek grami fagna, Hkv. 2. 34: knegi hníga, Fsm. 25; knegi sofa, 41, 42; sá er trúa knegim, Stor. 15; skjöldu knegut þar velja, Akv. 4; knákat ek segja, I can never say, Hým. 32; knáka ek þess njóta, Am. 52; ek hykk þá knáttu (pret. infin.) kjósa, Sighvat; ginnunga-vé knáttu brinna, did burn, Haustl.; knáttu drúpa, they did droop, Eg. (in a verse); knátti svelgja, Ýt. 4; unnir knegu glymja, Gm. 7; bjöllur knegu hringjask, Ó. H. (in a verse); hann kná kjósa, he does choose, Vsp. 62; knáttu sporna, they did spur, 28, Og. 9; hann knáði velja, Rekst.; knáði lenda, Fms. xi. 296 (in a verse); hann knátti vakna, did awake, Bragi; ér knáttuð skipta, ye did share, Edda (in a verse); ek kná stýra, Landn. (in a verse); kná-at sú veig vanask, Gm. 25; kná snúa, Vsp. (Hb.)II. in prose; þá kná þat grafa í kirkju-garði, then it can be buried in a churchyard, N. G. L. i. 12:—I shall, in law phrases, várr kná engi blandask við búfé, N. G. L. i. 18:—I can, I do, þá skulu þingmenn veita honum vápnatak til þess at hann knegi verja jörð sína lögum at dómi, N. G. L. i. 89; hann knátti engu bergja ( he did not taste) af himneskum sætleik, Eluc. 59; þeir báðu at þeir knætti sjá líkama Clement pafa, Clem. 47. -
2 BYSJA
(busti), v. to gush (busti blóð á brímis eggjar).* * * -
3 HNÍTA
(að), v. to weld together.* * *pres. hnít, pret. hneit, pl. hnitu, a defect. verb: [akin to hnita; A. S. hnîtan = tundere; Dan. nitte]:—to strike, wound to the death; lér ( the scythe) hneit við Hrungnis fóta-stalli ( his shield), Kormak; but chiefly used in emphatic phrases, of a heart-wound, hneit þar! við hneit þarna! Gísl. 22, 106; en er hón þreifaði um síðuna þá mælti hón, þar hneit viðna! Fms. iii. 73; hón kvað hvergi stórum við hníta, Korm. 6; hvergi þykki mér við hníta, Ísl. ii. 343; the last three passages refer to a superstition that the touch of a wise woman made one’s body ‘wound-proof;’ in Rd. ch. 5 (at end) the words ‘ok þótti henni þar við hníta,’ or the like, have been dropped by the transcriber: in poetry the allit. phrase, hjörr hneit við hjarta, the steel touched the heart, Korm. ch. 17 (in a verse); or, egg hneit við fjör seggja, Fms. vii. 71; hneit mér við hjarta hjörr Angantýs, Fas. i. 427; hvast hneit (beit MS.) hjarta ið næsta hættligt járn, Fbr. (fine); þar hneit við, sem …, it cut him to the quick, that …, Thom. 397; hnitu reyr saman, the weapons clashed together, Ísl. ii. 353 (in a verse), Fms. ii. 318 (in a verse). -
4 SÝSA
t, a defect. verb, of which only the pret. and the past part. remain; [this is the root word from which sýsla (q.v,) is a derivative, cp. also sús and sús-breki]:—to be busy with a thing, give effect to it; either with dat. (s. e-u), or s. at e-u; or used absolutely, to be busy; hón sýsti um þörf gesta. Am. 6; sýsti hann svá mikit at á lítilli stundu, Barl. 177; at vér fáim ekki at sýst, Fms. v. 155; ér sýstuð suðr, ye went busily, hastened, southwards, vi. (in a verse); ef Magnúss konungr yrði víss hvat sýst væri, 13; þá er því var sýst, Hom. 117; þá er hann hefir sýst eyrendum sínum, when he had done his errand, Fms. ix. 345, v. l.; því er sýst, that is done, Geisli 12; þeim er þar sýst saman, there they are busied together, Hornklofi (Fagrsk. rather to be taken as a part. than as a fem. subst., see, however, Lex. Poët. s. v. sýst); fara brottu með svá sýstu eyrendi, Stj.; hvat hann hefir at sýst á þeirri stundu, Rd. 304; hvat þeir höfðu at sýst meðan, Fms. xi. 41; þeir sýstu þat eitt, at þeir sættusk á víg Snorra, Sturl. 186 C; höggva ísinn, ok var þat sýst á tveim dögum, Fms. ix. 400; Eysteinn konungr hafði mart sýst í landinu þat er nytsemd var á, vii. 100; bauð ok sagði, ok var þegar sýst allt á einu auga-bragði, Barl. 22; ef hann mætti nökkum þann mann fá sýst honum ( if he could get him a man) er þessa mætti honum bætr ráða, 16; ef hón hefir eigi þann riddara nú sýstan, MS. 4. 30; var svá til sýst, at …, Fms. vi. 38; ef þetta sýstisk fremr en aðrir höfðu sýst, x. 7, v. l.; þá hefir þú vel sýst, well done, ix. 366; þeir gátu alls engi at sýst, could procure none, Str. 12; var svá til sýst (it was so arranged that …) at Sighvatr skáld hlaut …, Fms. vi. 38; ef hón gæti nokkut at sýst, Str. 13; leituðu margir við at bera hana, er alls ekki gátu at sýst, 54; sem víst er at vér fáim ekki at sýst, Fms. vi. 155, Hkr. iii. 162. -
5 TREFJA
* * *trafði, trafiðr, to tear into fringes; a defect. verb, of which there only remains the part. trafiðr, Pr. 329. -
6 HNÚFA
a defect. strong verb, to chop off; áðr ek hnauf (MS. wrongly hnof) höfuð af Hniflungum, Gh. 12; a απ. λεγ. In old writers and in mod. usage this verb is obsolete, but it still survives in provincial Norse, where it belongs to the 3rd class of strong verbs, nuva, nauv, see Ivar Aasen’s Grammar (1864), p. 203, l. 2; cp. also the following word. -
7 BELLA
I)(bell, ball, —), v. to hit, hurt, with dat. (ball þér nú?); ekki má ófeigum bella, one not fated to die is proof against all shots.(-da, -t), v. to dare, venture, with dat.; (hverr mun hafa þessu bellt?); to deal in, display (bella svikum, lygi, gleði).* * *ball, a defect. strong verb [cp. Lat. pello, Gr. πάλλω,], to hit, hurt, tell upon; with dat., ekki má ófeigum bella, i. e. one not fated to die is proof against all shots, Ísl. ii. 305; tólf berserkjum, þeim er þeir ætluðu, at ekki mundi b., Fas. iii. 140, 149; ok ætluðu sér ekki b. mundu, Ver. 10; ball þér nú, Bófi (did it strike thee?) … Ball víst, sagði hann, ok ball hvergi meir en þú hugðir, Eb. 240; þykir nú sem þeim muni ekki b., Sturl. iii. 237. -
8 GYGGJA
or gyggva, prob. an old strong verb of the 1st class, but defect. to quail, lose the heart; ef vér nú gyggjum, in a verse written on a leaf of Cod. Ups. of Edda, prob. from the lost Skáld Helga S.: impers. in the saying, sjaldan hygg ek at gyggi vörum, the wary seldom quails, Mkv.; oss gyggvir geigvænliga, er vér erum áðr óvarir, Hom. (St.) 49: part. gugginn, quailing, fainting, is still used in Icel., as also gugna, q. v.; akin perhaps is geggjask, q. v. -
9 HNÖGGVA
or hnyggja, a defect. strong verb; pres. hnyggr; pret. hnögg (hnaugg), Thom. 503; part. hnugginn; [akin to hníga]:—to humble, bring down, with dat.; hnyggr þú andskotum, Fms. vi. 175 (in a verse); með hnöggvanda fæti, with staggering feet, Thom. 337; skip nyghðo (i. e. hnuggu, 3rd pers. pl. pret.), the ship lay adrift (?), Fagrsk. 44 (in a verse):—part. hnugginn, bereft; miklu h., bereft of much, Gm. 51; sigri h., Fms. vii. 58 (in a verse); h. hverjum leik, Lex. Poët.: sad, dismal, downcast, svip-h., a sad countenance, freq. in mod. usage. -
10 HRJÓSA
(hrýss, hraus, hrosit), v., only in the phrase, hrýss mér hugr við, I shudder with horror (ávalt hrýss mér hugr við, er ek sé þik).* * *hraus, hrusu. subj. hrysi, a defect. strong verb: [A. S. hreosan = to shake; Ivar Aasen rysja; Swed. rysa; akin to hrista, q. v.]:—to shudder; ok hraus þeim mjök hugr við hánum, Grett. 78 new Ed.; ávallt hrýs mér hugr við er ek sé þik, Krók. 7 new Ed. (1866). -
11 MALA
* * *(mel; mól, mólum; malinn), v. to grind (mala valbygg).* * *pret. mól, mólu; subj. pret. mœli, Gs. 10; part. malinn; reflex. pret. mólsk, Edda 78; a defect. strong verb supplied by weak forms, thus the strong pres. indic. sing. mel scarcely occurs; in mod. usage it is weak throughout, mala, malaði, malat, although the strong pret. may still be used in writing: [Ulf. malan = ἀγήθειν, Luke xvii. 35, and so through other Teut. languages; cp. Lat. mola, molere; Gr. μύλη; derived are Icel. mylja and melja, q. v.]:—to grind; en sú náttúra fylgði kvernunum, at þat mólsk á kverninni er sá mælti fyrir er mól, … Fróði konungr bað þær mala gull ok frið ok sælu Fróða … þær mólu litla hríð áðr niðr sukku skipin, Edda 78, 79 (the tale of Fróði and the power-mill, cp. 221); auð mölum Fróða (dat.) mölum alsælan, Gs. 5; né mœli svá mær bergrisa … malit hefi ek fyrir mik …, mól míns föður mær rammliga, … mölum enn framar, … mólu meyjar megins kostuðu, … malit höfum, Fróði, sem munum heita, 10 sqq.; frá ek at Fróða meyjar fullgóliga mólu, Edda 81 (in a verse); hann tók klæði ambáttar ok gékk at mala, Sæm. 110; mala valbygg, Hkv. 2. 2; konungr heyrði í hús nokkut kveðandi svá fagra, at honum fannsk mikit um, hann reið til hússins ok sá inn at þar sat kona við kvern, ok kvað for- knnnar fagrt við er hón mól, Fms. vii. 233; á þeim kvörnum mólu tólf konur byggkorn ok hveiti-korn til mannfæðis, höfðu hinar konurnar þá malat sitt hveiti, Od. xx. 106; at mala þeim korn eðr baka þeim brauð, H. E. i. 503; þær er mólu ból Amlóða (q. v.), Edda 67 (in a verse): metaph., stýri mól, of a rudder in the sea, Rekst.II. metaph. to purr, of a cat, Germ. spinnen, freq. in mod. usage.III. part. malit gull (cp. malmr), ground gold, pure gold; roðinn gulli mölnu, Sighvat. -
12 STÚPA
v. to stick up (rare).* * *a defect, obsolete strong verb, [Ivar Aasen stûpa, staup; Swed. stupa; Engl. stoop; mid. H. G. stieben]:—to stoop; létu upp stjölu stúpa, stungu í kjöl höfðum, Hkr. (Hornklofi): the word is thus a απ. λεγ., and is now obsolete in Icel.
См. также в других словарях:
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defect — Ⅰ. defect [1] ► NOUN ▪ a shortcoming, imperfection, or lack. ORIGIN Latin defectus, from deficere desert or fail . Ⅱ. defect [2] ► VERB ▪ abandon one s country or cause in favour of an opposing one … English terms dictionary
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defect — should be pronounced with stress on the first syllable as a noun (= fault, imperfection) and on the second syllable as a verb (= to go over to an enemy or rival) … Modern English usage
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defect. — de|fect «noun. DEE fehkt; verb. dih FEHKT», noun, verb. –n. 1. a fault; blemish; imperfection: »The hole was a defect in the material. A bad temper was the defect in his nature. 2. lack of something needed for completeness; a falling short: »A… … Useful english dictionary
defect — defects, defecting, defected (The noun is pronounced [[t]di͟ːfekt[/t]]. The verb is pronounced [[t]dɪfe̱kt[/t]].) 1) N COUNT: usu with supp A defect is a fault or imperfection in a person or thing. He was born with a hearing defect. ...a defect… … English dictionary
defect — noun ADJECTIVE ▪ fundamental, major, obvious, serious, severe ▪ a fundamental defect in the product ▪ mild, minor … Collocations dictionary
defect — noun /ˈdifɛkt / (say deefekt), /dəˈfɛkt / (say duh fekt) 1. a falling short; a fault or imperfection. 2. want or lack, especially of something essential to perfection or completeness; deficiency. –verb (i) /dəˈfɛkt / (say duh fekt) 3. to desert a …
defect — I UK [ˈdiːfekt] / US [ˈdɪˌfekt] noun [countable] Word forms defect : singular defect plural defects ** a fault in someone or something There are a few minor design defects. genetic defects II UK [dɪˈfekt] / US verb [intransitive] Word forms… … English dictionary
defect — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) n. blemish, fault, flaw, imperfection; deficiency, lack, incompleteness. v. i. desert, flee, abandon. See relinquishment, escape. II (Roget s IV) n. 1. [A lack of something needed] Syn. deficiency,… … English dictionary for students
