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created+by+law

  • 1 created by law

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > created by law

  • 2 created

    created: created by law учрежденный на законном основании created: created by law учрежденный на законном основании

    English-Russian short dictionary > created

  • 3 created

    Созданный created: ~ by law учрежденный на законном основании created: ~ by law учрежденный на законном основании

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > created

  • 4 created by the law

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > created by the law

  • 5 administrative law

    1. административное право

     

    административное право
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    administrative law
    Body of law created by administrative agencies in the form of rules, regulations, orders and decisions to carry out regulatory powers and duties of such agencies. (Source: BLACK)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > administrative law

  • 6 mortgage created by operation of law

    Общая лексика: ипотека в силу закона

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > mortgage created by operation of law

  • 7 treaty-created law

    Юридический термин: договорное право

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > treaty-created law

  • 8 established

    1. a установленный, доказанный

    established by law — учреждённый, установленный законом

    2. a упрочившийся, установившийся, укоренившийся
    3. a признанный
    4. a закреплённый
    5. a биол. акклиматизировавшийся
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. fixed (adj.) entrenched; firmly incorporated; fixed; permanent; secure; stable
    2. instituted (adj.) achieved; brought into existence; chartered; conceived; founded; inaugurated; incorporated; instituted; set up
    3. proved (adj.) approved; ascertained; assured; authenticated; confirmed; demonstrated; determined; proved; upheld; verified
    4. demonstrated (verb) demonstrated; determined; made out; proved/proved or proven; showed/shown or showed
    5. erected (verb) built up; constructed; erected; hammered out; set up
    6. founded (verb) based; bottomed; built; created; founded; grounded; instituted; organized; predicated; rested; root in; started; stayed
    7. made (verb) constituted; enacted; legislated; made; promulgated
    8. set (verb) fixed; installed; laid; placed; put; seated; set; settled; stuck
    9. showed (verb) authenticated; bear out; confirmed; corroborated; proved; showed; substantiated; validated; verified
    10. started (verb) created; instituted; organised; originated; started

    English-Russian base dictionary > established

  • 9 offence

    •

    offence against chastity — посягательство на целомудрие;

    offence against morality — преступление против нравственности;

    offence against public justice — преступление против правосудия;

    offence against sovereignty — посягательство на суверенитет; преступление против суверенной власти;

    offence against the law — нарушение закона; правонарушение;

    offence against the person — преступление против личности;

    offence against the property — преступление против собственности;

    offence against the state — 1. преступление против государства 2. преступление против [по уголовному праву] штата;

    offence against the United States — преступление против [по уголовному праву] Соединённых Штатов; федеральное преступление;

    offence aided and abetted — преступление, совершению которого оказано пособничество;

    offence ancillary to another charge — преступление, дополнительное к инкриминированному;

    offence at common law — преступление по общему праву;

    offence charged — вменяемое в вину, инкриминируемое преступление;

    offence charged against a person — преступление, в котором обвиняется лицо;

    offence created by statute — преступление, состав которого предусмотрен статутом;

    offence indictable at the election of the accused — преступление, преследуемое по обвинительному акту по выбору обвиняемого;

    offence in question — преступление, являющееся предметом судебного рассмотрения;

    offence proved against the person — доказанное совершение преступления данным лицом;

    offence triable on indictment — преступление, подлежащее судебному рассмотрению по обвинительному акту

    - offence of drunkenness
    - offence of gross indecency
    - offence of several transactions
    - abortive offence
    - acquisitive offence
    - actual offence
    - admitted offence
    - aggravated offence
    - alcohol-related offence
    - alcohol offence
    - alleged offence
    - antitrust offence
    - arrestable offence
    - assaultive offence
    - bailable offence
    - breaking-and-entering offence
    - burglary offence
    - capital offence
    - chargeable offence
    - charged offence
    - civil offence
    - cognate offence
    - cognizable offence
    - coinage offence
    - common-law offence
    - completed offence
    - consensual sex offence
    - continuing offence
    - criminal offence
    - cumulative offences
    - delinquent offence
    - detected offence
    - disorderly offence
    - doctrinal offence
    - drug-related offence
    - drug offence
    - enormous offence
    - extraditable offence
    - federal offence
    - felonious offence
    - finger-printable offence
    - first offence
    - gang offence
    - gangster offence
    - gaol offence
    - grave offence
    - further offences
    - habitual offence
    - heinous offence
    - hybrid offence
    - imminent offence
    - impeachable offence
    - included offence
    - inclusive offence
    - indictable offence
    - jail offence
    - juvenile offence
    - juvenile status offence
    - kindred offence
    - legislative offence
    - lesser offence
    - less offence
    - licensing offence
    - matrimonial offence
    - military offence
    - minor offence
    - mixed offence
    - multiple offences
    - multiple offence
    - non-arrestable offence
    - non-indictable offence
    - non-status offence
    - past offence
    - penitentiary offence
    - petit offence
    - petty offence
    - pleaded offence
    - police offence
    - police regulations offence
    - prearranged offence
    - predatory sex offence
    - previous offence
    - principal offence
    - prior offence
    - prison offence
    - property offence
    - proved offence
    - public offence
    - quasi-criminal offence
    - recorded offence
    - reformatory offence
    - regulatory offence
    - related offences
    - repeated offence
    - reported offence
    - revenue offence
    - same offence
    - second offence
    - sex offence
    - shipping offence
    - shoplift offence
    - simple offence
    - specific offence
    - specified offence
    - status offence
    - statutory offence
    - street offence
    - subsequent offence
    - substantive offence
    - summary offence
    - suspected offence
    - technical offence
    - theft offence
    - traffic-related offence
    - traffic offence
    - trivial offence
    - underlying offence
    - unnatural offence
    - unrelated offences
    - violent offence
    - continuous offence
    - repetitive offence

    Англо-русский юридический словарь > offence

  • 10 written

    1. a письменный; писаный

    written law — «писаное» право, статутное право

    written language — письменность; письменный язык

    2. a рукописный
    3. a написанный

    date first written — дата, первая из написанных,

    Синонимический ряд:
    1. made (adj.) authored; combined; composed; compounded; created; designed; drafted; forged; made
    2. engrossed (verb) engrossed; indited; inscribed; scribed
    3. penned (verb) authored; penned; published
    4. produced (verb) composed; created; produced

    English-Russian base dictionary > written

  • 11 limited liability company

    сокр. LLC компания с ограниченной ответственностью
    а) эк., юр. (компания, общество или товарищество, ответственность по обязательствам которых ограничена акционерным или паевым капиталом; такие компании отвечают только по своим обязательствам и только принадлежащим ей имуществом и не несут ответственности по обязательствам акционеров, равно как и акционеры не несут ответственности по обязательствам компании; объединяет преимущества налогообложения товарищества и ограниченную ответственность корпорации, хотя последней не является)
    Syn:
    See:
    б) эк., юр., амер. (компания, которая относится к гибридным, или комбинированным правовым конструкциям: в такой компании сочетаются черты корпорации — ограниченная имущественная ответственность участников и товарищества — доходы компании облагаются только при выплате налогом так же, как доходы товарищества (т. е. доходы компании облагаются как доходы ее участников, налог на прибыль компания не платит); юридического лица компания не образует; управление компанией осуществляется на основе специального соглашения участников; полномочия по управлению компанией может получить один из участников или профессиональный менеджер, не являющийся акционером компании; решения могут приниматься голосованием, как и в товариществе; акции компании продаются без ограничений в отличие от товарищества, участник которого не может уступить свою долю без реорганизации и переоформления товарищества; LLC, по законам американских штатов, имеет ограничение по срокам существования; вместе с тем, в пределах этого срока выход из состава LLC одного из участников не ведет к прекращению ее существования; уставные документы LLC должны содержать как можно меньше признаков, характерных для корпорации; теоретически суд может признать LLC корпорацией со всеми вытекающими из этого налоговыми последствиями)
    See:
    * * *
    . A entity created under state law that is taxed like a partnership (i.e., income and losses are passed through to the partners), but where the liability of the owners is limited to their investment in the company. That is, they can't be held personally liable for the debts of the company. . Small Business Taxes & Management 2 .

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > limited liability company

  • 12 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
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    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 13 ordinary ambassador

    гос. упр. постоянный посол
    Syn:
    "
    похоже не синонимы! Просто тот, который не ""чрезвычайный посол""
    "
    !
    An ordinary ambassador is charged with the duties of heading a permanent diplomatic mission and maintaining relations between his home and his host country and to conduct relations on an equal basis with other nations. An Extraordinary Ambassador is appointed to head some particular mission for a particular purpose and such postings are for an indefinite period lasting till the completion of the mission. Such appointments are generally politically initiated.
    A resident ambassador resides within the political boundaries of the country to which he/she is posted while a non-resident ambassador does not live within the country of his/her posting but lives in a neighboring country. Therefore, a resident ambassador of US in India may at the same time be a non-resident ambassador of other countries of the sub-continent. Ambassadors are deemed representatives of their heads of state to the heads of state of their place of posting and not representative of one state government to another state government. This is a practice that has persisted ever since the ambassadorial post was created. Only high commissioners (since once they shared their heads of state) are deemed to represent their governments.
    It may sometimes transpire that the post of ambassador is handed out to a person as a matter of routine transfer or promotion within the country in the ministry of foreign affairs as furtherance to their careers.
    "
    An ambassador, rarely embassador, is a diplomatic official accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization, to serve as the official representative of his or her own country. In everyday usage it applies to the ranking plenipotentiary minister stationed in a foreign capital. The host country typically allows the ambassador control of specific territory called an embassy, whose territory, staff, and even vehicles are generally afforded diplomatic immunity from most laws of the host country. The senior diplomatic officers among members of the Commonwealth of Nations are known as High Commissioners, who are the heads of High Commissions. Representatives of the Holy See are known as Papal or Apostolic Nuncios, while the head of a Libyan People's Bureau is a Secretary. Historically, officials representing their countries abroad were termed ministers, but this term was also applied to diplomats of the second rank. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 formalized the system of diplomatic rank under international law: Ambassadors are ministers of the highest rank, with plenipotentiary authority to represent their head of state. An Ordinary Ambassador is one heading a permanent diplomatic mission, for instance the senior professional diplomat in an embassy. An Extraordinary Ambassador could be appointed for special purposes or for an indefinite term; politically appointed ambassadors would fall under this category. Moreover, a Resident Ambassador is one who resides within the country to which s/he is accredited. A Non-Resident Ambassador is one who does not reside within the country to which s/he is accredited, but lives in a nearby country. Thus a resident ambassador to a country might at the same time also be a non-resident ambassador to several other countries.
    "

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > ordinary ambassador

  • 14 resident ambassador

    гос. упр. = ordinary ambassador !
    An ordinary ambassador is charged with the duties of heading a permanent diplomatic mission and maintaining relations between his home and his host country and to conduct relations on an equal basis with other nations. An Extraordinary Ambassador is appointed to head some particular mission for a particular purpose and such postings are for an indefinite period lasting till the completion of the mission. Such appointments are generally politically initiated.
    A resident ambassador resides within the political boundaries of the country to which he/she is posted while a non-resident ambassador does not live within the country of his/her posting but lives in a neighboring country. Therefore, a resident ambassador of US in India may at the same time be a non-resident ambassador of other countries of the sub-continent. Ambassadors are deemed representatives of their heads of state to the heads of state of their place of posting and not representative of one state government to another state government. This is a practice that has persisted ever since the ambassadorial post was created. Only high commissioners (since once they shared their heads of state) are deemed to represent their governments.
    It may sometimes transpire that the post of ambassador is handed out to a person as a matter of routine transfer or promotion within the country in the ministry of foreign affairs as furtherance to their careers.
    "
    An ambassador, rarely embassador, is a diplomatic official accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization, to serve as the official representative of his or her own country. In everyday usage it applies to the ranking plenipotentiary minister stationed in a foreign capital. The host country typically allows the ambassador control of specific territory called an embassy, whose territory, staff, and even vehicles are generally afforded diplomatic immunity from most laws of the host country. The senior diplomatic officers among members of the Commonwealth of Nations are known as High Commissioners, who are the heads of High Commissions. Representatives of the Holy See are known as Papal or Apostolic Nuncios, while the head of a Libyan People's Bureau is a Secretary. Historically, officials representing their countries abroad were termed ministers, but this term was also applied to diplomats of the second rank. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 formalized the system of diplomatic rank under international law: Ambassadors are ministers of the highest rank, with plenipotentiary authority to represent their head of state. An Ordinary Ambassador is one heading a permanent diplomatic mission, for instance the senior professional diplomat in an embassy. An Extraordinary Ambassador could be appointed for special purposes or for an indefinite term; politically appointed ambassadors would fall under this category. Moreover, a Resident Ambassador is one who resides within the country to which s/he is accredited. A Non-Resident Ambassador is one who does not reside within the country to which s/he is accredited, but lives in a nearby country. Thus a resident ambassador to a country might at the same time also be a non-resident ambassador to several other countries.
    "

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > resident ambassador

  • 15 Benedict

    1) Общая лексика: Бенедикт (мужское имя), Бенет, Бенит, (Pope, or antipope, from May 22, 964, to July 4, 966. His election by the Romans on the death of Pope John XII infuriated the Holy Roman emperor Otto I who had already deposed John and designated Leo VIII as successor) Бенедикт V Граммати
    2) Религия: (Pope from 1012 to 1024, the first of several pontiffs from the powerful Tusculani family. A council summoned by Benedict at Pavia, Lombardy, in 1022, forbade uncelibate clergy and the sale of church offices) Бенедикт VIII, (Pope from 1303 to 1304. He was unanimously elected Pope and did much to conciliate his predecessor's enemies) Бенедикт XI, (Pope from 1334 to 1342; he was the third pontiff to reign at Avignon, where he devoted himself to reform of the church and its religious orders) Бенедикт XII, (Pope from 1914 to 1922. His last years were concerned with readjusting the machinery of papal administration made necessary by the territorial changes that followed the war and with directives on missionary work) Бенедикт XV, (Pope from 574/575 to 579 who ruled the church during a period made calamitous by invasion and by famine) Бенедикт I, (Pope from 684 to 685. During his pontificate, Benedict restored several Roman churches) Бенедикт II, (Pope from 900 to 903 who reigned during one of the darkest periods of papal history, and little is known of his life or acts) Бенедикт IV, (Pope from 974 to 983. He furthered the cause of monasticism and acted against simony, specifically in an encyclical letter in 981 forbidding the exaction of money for the conferring of any holy order) Бенедикт VII, (Pope from January 19, 973, to July 974 who purportedly was strangled by the deacon Franco, later known as antipope Boniface VII) Бенедикт VI, (Pope three times, from 1032 to 1044, from April to May 1045, and from 1047 to 1048) Бенедикт IX, (X)(Antipope from April 1058 to January 1059. His expulsion from the papal throne was followed by a reform in the law governing papal elections) Бенедикт X, (XIII)(Antipope from 1394 to 1423 who maintained to the end of his life that he was the rightful Pope and created four new cardinals as late as November 1422) Бенедикт (XIII), (XIV) "спрятанный Папа", (XIV) "спрятанный Папа" (Бенедикт XIV), (XIV)(Counter-antipope from 1425 to с 1433 who so secretly conducted his office that even his residence was uncertain, and he thus became known as the "hidden Pope") Бенедикт (XIV)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Benedict

  • 16 benedict

    1) Общая лексика: Бенедикт (мужское имя), Бенет, Бенит, (Pope, or antipope, from May 22, 964, to July 4, 966. His election by the Romans on the death of Pope John XII infuriated the Holy Roman emperor Otto I who had already deposed John and designated Leo VIII as successor) Бенедикт V Граммати
    2) Религия: (Pope from 1012 to 1024, the first of several pontiffs from the powerful Tusculani family. A council summoned by Benedict at Pavia, Lombardy, in 1022, forbade uncelibate clergy and the sale of church offices) Бенедикт VIII, (Pope from 1303 to 1304. He was unanimously elected Pope and did much to conciliate his predecessor's enemies) Бенедикт XI, (Pope from 1334 to 1342; he was the third pontiff to reign at Avignon, where he devoted himself to reform of the church and its religious orders) Бенедикт XII, (Pope from 1914 to 1922. His last years were concerned with readjusting the machinery of papal administration made necessary by the territorial changes that followed the war and with directives on missionary work) Бенедикт XV, (Pope from 574/575 to 579 who ruled the church during a period made calamitous by invasion and by famine) Бенедикт I, (Pope from 684 to 685. During his pontificate, Benedict restored several Roman churches) Бенедикт II, (Pope from 900 to 903 who reigned during one of the darkest periods of papal history, and little is known of his life or acts) Бенедикт IV, (Pope from 974 to 983. He furthered the cause of monasticism and acted against simony, specifically in an encyclical letter in 981 forbidding the exaction of money for the conferring of any holy order) Бенедикт VII, (Pope from January 19, 973, to July 974 who purportedly was strangled by the deacon Franco, later known as antipope Boniface VII) Бенедикт VI, (Pope three times, from 1032 to 1044, from April to May 1045, and from 1047 to 1048) Бенедикт IX, (X)(Antipope from April 1058 to January 1059. His expulsion from the papal throne was followed by a reform in the law governing papal elections) Бенедикт X, (XIII)(Antipope from 1394 to 1423 who maintained to the end of his life that he was the rightful Pope and created four new cardinals as late as November 1422) Бенедикт (XIII), (XIV) "спрятанный Папа", (XIV) "спрятанный Папа" (Бенедикт XIV), (XIV)(Counter-antipope from 1425 to с 1433 who so secretly conducted his office that even his residence was uncertain, and he thus became known as the "hidden Pope") Бенедикт (XIV)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > benedict

  • 17 fraud

    [frɔːd]
    1) Общая лексика: афера, злостная афера, мошенник, мошенничество, обман, обманщик, подделка, подлог, самозванец ( самозванка) (Mr. X created a false medical license and began practicing medicine until he was exposed as a fraud.), шаромыга, шаромыжник, фальш, мошеннические действия
    2) Спорт: нарушение
    4) Политика: фальсификация (напр., результатов выборов; англ. термин взят из статьи в газете New York Times), подтасовка
    5) Сленг: развод (slang)
    6) Реклама: жульничество
    7) Деловая лексика: фальшивка
    9) юр.Н.П. обман (law of contracts)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > fraud

  • 18 founded

    1. литьевой
    2. основанный; основан
    3. основывать
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. instituted (adj.) achieved; brought into existence; chartered; conceived; established; inaugurated; incorporated; instituted; set up
    2. rested (verb) based; bottomed; built; established; grounded; predicated; rested; root in; seated; stayed
    3. started (verb) constituted; created; established; instituted; organised; organized; originated; set up; started

    English-Russian base dictionary > founded

  • 19 offence

    1. n нарушение; проступок

    offence against good manners — отступление от хороших манер, нарушение приличий

    trivial offence — грешок, мелкий проступок

    2. n юр. правонарушение; преступление

    offence punishable by law — преступление, караемое по закону

    punishable offence — преступление, заслуживающее наказания

    3. n воен. дисциплинарный проступок

    minor offence — мелкое правонарушение, проступок

    4. n обида, оскорбление

    without offence — не в обиду будь сказано, без намерения оскорбить

    5. n наступающая, атакующая сторона
    6. n редк. неверие, сомнение
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. anger (noun) anger; displeasure; huff; indignation; ire; resentment; umbrage; unpleasantness
    2. attack (noun) aggression; assault; attack; battery; offensive; onrush; onset; onslaught; strike
    3. attackers (noun) attackers; enemy; foe
    4. transgression (noun) affront; crime; fault; felony; indignity; insult; malfeasance; misdemeanour; outrage; transgression
    5. wrong (noun) evil; evildoing; illegality; iniquity; misdeed; sin; tort; trespass; violation; wrong; wrongdoing
    Антонимический ряд:
    delight; innocence; pleasure

    English-Russian base dictionary > offence

  • 20 commit an offence

    offence punishable by law — преступление, караемое по закону

    military offence — воинский проступок; воинское преступление

    English-Russian big medical dictionary > commit an offence

Страницы
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